This paper presents a transactive demand response(TDR)scheme for a network of residential customers with generation assets that emphasizes interoperability within a transactive energy architecture.A complete laborator...This paper presents a transactive demand response(TDR)scheme for a network of residential customers with generation assets that emphasizes interoperability within a transactive energy architecture.A complete laboratory-based implementation provides the first(to our knowledge)realization of a comprehensive TDR use case that is fully compliant with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)2030.5 standard,which addresses interoperability within a cybersecure smart energy profile(SEP)context.Verification is provided by a full system integration with commercial hardware using Internet Protocol(IP)-based(local area network(LAN)and Wi-Fi)communication protocols and transport layer security(TLS)1.2 cryptographic protocol,and validation is provided by emulation using extensive residential smart meter data.The demand response(DR)scheme is designed to accommodate privacy concerns,allows customers to select their DR compliance level,and provides incentives to maximize their participation.The proposed TDR scheme addresses privacy through the implementation of the SEP 2.0 messaging protocol between a transactive agent(TA)and home energy management system(HEMS)agents.Customer response is handled by a multi-input multi-output(MIMO)fuzzy controller that manages negotiation between the customer agent and the TA.We take a multi-agent system approach to neighborhood coordination,with the TA servicing multiple residences on a common transformer,and use a reward mechanism to maximize customer engagement during the event-based optimization.Based on a set of smart meter data acquired over an extended time period,we engage in multiple TDR scenarios,and demonstrate with a fully-functional IEEE 2030.5-compliant implementation that our scheme can reduce network peak power consumption by 22%under realistic conditions.展开更多
The decreasing cost of solar photovoltaics(PVs)and battery storage systems is driving their adoption in the residential distribution system,where more consumers are becoming prosumers.Accompanying this trend is the po...The decreasing cost of solar photovoltaics(PVs)and battery storage systems is driving their adoption in the residential distribution system,where more consumers are becoming prosumers.Accompanying this trend is the potential roll-out of home energy management systems(HEMSs),which provide a means for prosumers to respond to externalities such as energy price,weather,and energy demands.However,the economic operation of prosumers can affect grid security,especially when energy prices are extremely low or high.Therefore,it is paramount to design a framework that can accommodate the interests of the key stakeholders in distribution systems—namely,the network operator,prosumer,and aggregator.In this paper,a novel transactive energy(TE)-based operational framework is proposed.Under this frame-work,aggregators interact with the distribution grid operator through a negotiation process to ensure network security,while at the lower level,prosumers submit their schedule to the aggregator through the HEMS.If network security is at risk,aggregators will send an additional price component representing the cost of security(CoS)to the prosumer to stimulate further response.The simulation results show that the proposed framework can effectively ensure the economic operation of aggregators and prosumers in distribution systems while maintaining grid security.展开更多
Healthcare for older adults with dementia is an important healthcare problem in Japan and in other developed countries. Importantly, healthcare workers in Japan are also getting older. In order to address solutions to...Healthcare for older adults with dementia is an important healthcare problem in Japan and in other developed countries. Importantly, healthcare workers in Japan are also getting older. In order to address solutions to this problem, using robots is being realized and is starting to assist healthcare and welfare practice needs. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of a transactive phenomenon in relationships among older adults with dementia, with nurses as intermediaries and with a cognitive skill-aid robot. Subjects were two institutionalized older adults who were diagnosed with dementia using Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised;a Kabochan (Nodding Kabochan) fixed with a remote-controlled speaker, Pechat (Kabochan with Pechat). Measurements of autonomic nervous activity were done using wearable electrocardiography attached to the subjects for four hours. Heart Rate Variability data were assessed at various frequency bands using a HRV software tool. In a continuously recorded data, interbeat (R-R) intervals were obtained for a 1-min segment using the maximum entropy method. In this study, the two major spectral components of HRV, the variances of the low-frequency (LF: 0.04 - 0.15 Hz) band and high-frequency (HF: 0.15 - 0.4 Hz) band, were calculated. Activities and behaviors of subjects transacting with Kabochan were observed by the expert nurses and video-recorded. Throughout the transaction period, observations were recorded of patients’ behavior, words uttered and over-all contents of the transactive conversation with the Kabochan or Kabochan with Pechat. Identified characteristics were transactive relationship phenomenon;changes in autonomic nervous system activity of persons with dementia are expressed as per one minute, linguistic response of elderly people, transactive relations among Kabochan, Kabochan with Pechat, and nurses as intermediaries. These were exhibited as Figures: Situation 1, A Sense of Fear, Situation 2, A Pleasant Sensation, and Situation 3, Misunderstanding and Confusion. It also showed that autonomic nervous system activity of persons with communication skills is actively changing in older adults with dementia. Conversation of adding Pechat to the Kabochan illustrated that nurses as intermediaries showed emotional conversations as established by effectively manipulating the Pechat. Also, it was revealed that if Kabochan with Pechat uttered words about patient’s personal information in a conversation, the patient felt a sense of fear. The researchers suggest that when developing future communication robot for elderly with dementia, it is necessary to consider, for an effective conversation, transactive relationships including nurses as intermediaries. The role functions of these intermediaries have been shown of high versatility, indicating that situations such as these can also be controlled by other healthcare providers such as by occupational therapists.展开更多
This paper reviews the state of the art of research and industry practice on demand response and the new methodology of transactive energy. Demand response programs incentivize consumers to align their demand with pow...This paper reviews the state of the art of research and industry practice on demand response and the new methodology of transactive energy. Demand response programs incentivize consumers to align their demand with power supply conditions, enhancing power system reliability and economic operation. The design of demand response programs, performance of pilot projects and programs, consumer behaviors, and barriers are discussed.Transactive energy is a variant and a generalized form of demand response in that it manages both the supply and demand sides. It is intended for a changing environment with an increasing number of distributed resources and intelligent devices. It utilizes the flexibility of various generation/load resources to maintain a dynamic balance of supply and demand. These distributed resources are controlled by their owners. However, the design of transaction mechanisms should align the individual behaviors with the interests of the entire system. Transactive energy features real-time, autonomous, and decentralized decision making.The transition from demand response to transactive energy is also discussed.展开更多
The increasing number of distributed energy resources connected to power systems raises operational challenges for the network operator, such as introducing grid congestion and voltage deviations in the distribution n...The increasing number of distributed energy resources connected to power systems raises operational challenges for the network operator, such as introducing grid congestion and voltage deviations in the distribution network level, as well as increasing balancing needs at the whole system level. Control and coordination of a large number of distributed energy assets requires innovative approaches. Transactive control has received much attention due to its decentralized decision-making and transparent characteristics. This paper introduces the concept and main features of transactive control, followed by a literature review and demonstration projects that apply to transactive control. Cases are then presented to illustrate the transactive control framework. At the end, discussions and research directions are presented, for applying transactive control to operating power systems, characterized by a high penetration of distributed energy resources.展开更多
Peer-to-peer(P2P)transactive energy trading offers a promising solution for facilitating the efficient and secure operation of a distribution system consisting of multiple prosumers.One critical but challenging task i...Peer-to-peer(P2P)transactive energy trading offers a promising solution for facilitating the efficient and secure operation of a distribution system consisting of multiple prosumers.One critical but challenging task is how to avoid system network constraints to be violated for the distribution system integrated with extensive P2P transactive energy trades.This paper proposes a security constrained decentralized P2P transactive energy trading framework,which allows direct energy trades among neighboring prosumers in the distribution system with enhanced system efficiency and security in which no conventional intermediary is required.The P2P transactive energy trading problem is formulated based on the Nash Bargaining theory and decomposed into two subproblems,i.e.,an OPF problem(P1)and a payment bargaining problem(P2).A distributed optimization method based on the alternating direction method of multiplier(ADMM)is adopted as a privacy-preserving solution to the formulated security constrained P2P transactive energy trading model with ensured accuracy.Extensive case studies based on a modified 33-bus distribution system are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed security constrained decentralized P2P transactive energy trading framework in terms of efficiency improvement,loss reduction,and voltage security enhancement.展开更多
Increasing penetration of distributed energy resources(DERs)introduced by different stakeholders,poses an immense challenge to power network operators.The traditional direct control of local DERs has the risk of viola...Increasing penetration of distributed energy resources(DERs)introduced by different stakeholders,poses an immense challenge to power network operators.The traditional direct control of local DERs has the risk of violating preferences and privacies of stakeholders.A promising solution for supplydemand coordination is to utilize a transactive energy(TE)based energy management method to indirectly coordinate the local DERs,which enables the distribution-level energy providers,consumers,and prosumers to trade energy with each other through a transactive energy system(TES)trading platform.This paper provides a comprehensive review of a TES and presents a detailed classification from different perspectives,including TES participants,structure,commodity,clearing method,and solution algorithm.The presented detailed component-scale classification can be used as a reference for future TES designs.Finally,two additional market tools,i.e.,penalty mechanism and loss allocation mechanism,are discussed as future focus areas,which can be seen as necessary complements to a TES for ensuring feasibility and fairness of energy trading.展开更多
Interest in transactive energy frameworks(TEFs)is proliferating due to the modern smart grid paradigm.This paper proposes a TEF,which applies auction-theory,incorporates a system of agents,and facilitates a transactiv...Interest in transactive energy frameworks(TEFs)is proliferating due to the modern smart grid paradigm.This paper proposes a TEF,which applies auction-theory,incorporates a system of agents,and facilitates a transactive energy market(TEM)through an auctioneer.Further,it also enables peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading among the residential buildings in community microgrid for possible monetary benefits.In this framework,there are three agents,namely,auctioneer,participants,and utility.The auctioneer is a managing agent modeled using auction theory to determine day-ahead internal market-clearing price and quantity.The participants are autonomous and rational decision-makers;they aim to minimize their electricity bills through the demand response(DR)management.Two types of architectures,one with the third-party agent demonstrated using the MATLAB environment and the other with the virtual agent(without third-party)implemented using the blockchain environment are presented.The simulation results reflect significant monetary benefits to each market participant,improved community selfsufficiency,self-consumption,and reduced reliance on the utility grid.展开更多
Aggregating demand side flexibility is essential to complementing the inflexible and variable renewable energy supply in achieving low carbon energy systems.Sources of demand side flexibility,e.g.,dispatchable generat...Aggregating demand side flexibility is essential to complementing the inflexible and variable renewable energy supply in achieving low carbon energy systems.Sources of demand side flexibility,e.g.,dispatchable generators,storage,and flexible loads,can be structured in a form of microgrids and collectively provided to utility grids through transactive energy in local energy markets.This paper proposes a framework of local energy markets to manage this transactive energy and facilitate the flexibility provision.The distribution system operator aims to achieve local energy balance by scheduling the operation of multi-microgrids and determining the imbalance prices.Multiple microgrid traders aim to maximize profits for their prosumers through dispatching flexibility sources and participating in localised energy trading.The decision making and interactions between a distribution system operator and multiple microgrid traders are formulated as the Stackelberg game-theoretic problem.Case studies using the IEEE 69-bus distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model in terms of facilitating local energy balance and reducing dependency on the utility grids.展开更多
The penetration of multi-carrier energy systems in distribution system gains more and more concerns.In this paper,a bi-level transactive energy trading framework is proposed to improve the energy scheduling and operat...The penetration of multi-carrier energy systems in distribution system gains more and more concerns.In this paper,a bi-level transactive energy trading framework is proposed to improve the energy scheduling and operation efficiency for multi-carrier energy systems which are modeled as energy hubs(EHs).In the upper level,each EH in the distribution system not only makes energy scheduling decisions considering supplies and demands of local energy,but also trades energy with each other to further maximize their social welfare.The associated trading payment among EHs is made in a fair manner by applying Nash bargaining theory.We solve the bargaining problem by decomposing it into two subproblems:operation cost minimization problem and payment bargaining problem.Then,based on the trading decision,the nodal equivalent loads of EHs are sent to the distribution system operator(DSO)without publishing trading details.By applying the second-order cone programming(SOCP),DSO reconfigures the network to reduce the transmission loss of the system in the lower level.The network reconfiguration and the trading behavior of EHs interact and iterate until the convergence.Numerical studies on modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.展开更多
In recent years,the advent of microgrids with numerous renewable energy sources has created some fundamental challenges in the control,coordination,and management of energy trading between microgrids and the power gri...In recent years,the advent of microgrids with numerous renewable energy sources has created some fundamental challenges in the control,coordination,and management of energy trading between microgrids and the power grid.To respond to these challenges,some techniques such as the transactive energy(TE)technology are proposed to control energy sharing.Therefore,this paper uses TE technology for energy exchange control among the microgrids,and applies three operation cases for analyzing the energy trading control of four and ten microgrids with the aim of minimizing the energy cost of each microgrid,respectively.In this regard,Monte Carlo simulation and fast forward selection(FFS)methods are respectively exerted for scenario generation and reduction in uncertainty modeling process.The first case is assumed that all microgrids can only receive energy from the network and do not have any connection with each other.In order to maximize the energy cost saving of each microgrid,the second case is proposed to provide a positive percentage of cost saving for microgrids.All microgrids can also trade energy with each other to get the most benefit by reducing the dependency on the main grid.The third case is similar to the second case,but its target is to indicate the scalability of the models based on the proposed TE technology by considering ten commercial microgrids.Finally,the simulation results indicate that microgrids can achieve the positive amount of cost saving in the second and third cases.In addition,the total energy cost of microgrids has been reduced in comparison with the first case.展开更多
Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts ...Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.展开更多
2021年9月,重庆大学光电工程学院2019级研究生邓培芳以共同第一作者在IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing期刊上发表了一篇题为“Vision Transformer:An Excellent Teacher for Guiding Small Networks in Remote Sens...2021年9月,重庆大学光电工程学院2019级研究生邓培芳以共同第一作者在IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing期刊上发表了一篇题为“Vision Transformer:An Excellent Teacher for Guiding Small Networks in Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification”的研究论文。IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing是IEEE出版的国际性、跨学科期刊,2022年被中国科学院划分为一区Top期刊。邓培芳同学(现在浙江大学攻读博士学位)在2019年暑假期间,加入重庆大学光电工程学院黄鸿教授课题组进行学习,开始本课题的研究工作。展开更多
《中国有色金属学报》和《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》(《中国有色金属学报(英文版)》)是中国有色金属学会主办、科学出版社出版的学术期刊。创刊于1991年,主要报道我国有色金属材料、冶金、选矿和化学化工...《中国有色金属学报》和《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》(《中国有色金属学报(英文版)》)是中国有色金属学会主办、科学出版社出版的学术期刊。创刊于1991年,主要报道我国有色金属材料、冶金、选矿和化学化工领域的新理论、新技术和新方法。《中国有色金属学报》为月刊,80元/期,全年订价960元。邮发代号:42−218。展开更多
The long transaction latency and low throughput of blockchain are the key challenges affecting the large-scale adoption of blockchain technology. Sharding technology is a primary solution by divides the blockchain net...The long transaction latency and low throughput of blockchain are the key challenges affecting the large-scale adoption of blockchain technology. Sharding technology is a primary solution by divides the blockchain network into multiple independent shards for parallel transaction processing. However, most existing random or modular schemes fail to consider the transactional relationships between accounts, which leads to a high proportion of cross-shard transactions, thereby increasing the communication overhead and transaction confirmation latency between shards. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a blockchain sharding algorithm based on account degree and frequency (DFSA). The algorithm takes into account both account degree and weight relationships between accounts. The blockchain transaction network is modeled as an undirected weighted graph, and community detection algorithms are employed to analyze the correlations between accounts. Strong-correlated accounts are grouped into the same shard, and a multi-shard blockchain network is constructed. Additionally, to further reduce the number of cross-shard transactions, this paper designs a random redundancy strategy based on account correlation, which randomly selects strong-correlated accounts and stores them redundantly in another shard, thus original cross-shard transactions can be verified and confirmed within the same shard. Simulation experiments demonstrate that DFSA outperforms the random sharding algorithm (RSA), modular sharding algorithm (MSA), and label propagation algorithm (LPA) in terms of cross-shard transaction proportion, latency, and throughput. Therefore, DFSA can effectively reduce cross-shard transaction proportion and lower transaction confirmation latency.展开更多
Cyber-Physical System (CPS) devices are increasing exponentially. Lacking confidentiality creates a vulnerable network. Thus, demanding the overall system with the latest and robust solutions for the defence mechanism...Cyber-Physical System (CPS) devices are increasing exponentially. Lacking confidentiality creates a vulnerable network. Thus, demanding the overall system with the latest and robust solutions for the defence mechanisms with low computation cost, increased integrity, and surveillance. The proposal of a mechanism that utilizes the features of authenticity measures using the Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol which applies to the multi-WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) of IoT devices in CPS which is developed for the Device-to-Device (D2D) authentication developed from the local-chain and public chain respectively combined with the Software Defined Networking (SDN) control and monitoring system using switches and controllers that will route the packets through the network, identify any false nodes, take preventive measures against them and preventing them for any future problems. Next, the system is powered by Blockchain cryptographic features by utilizing the TrustChain features to create a private, secure, and temper-free ledger of the transactions performed inside the network. Results are achieved in the legitimate devices connecting to the network, transferring their packets to their destination under supervision, reporting whenever a false node is causing hurdles, and recording the transactions for temper-proof records. Evaluation results based on 1000+ transactions illustrate that the proposed mechanism not only outshines most aspects of Cyber-Physical systems but also consumes less computation power with a low latency of 0.1 seconds only.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is a lack of study on vitamin D and calcium levels in epileptic patients receiving therapy,despite the growing recognition of the importance of bone health in individuals with epilepsy.Associations on...BACKGROUND There is a lack of study on vitamin D and calcium levels in epileptic patients receiving therapy,despite the growing recognition of the importance of bone health in individuals with epilepsy.Associations one statistical method for finding correlations between variables in big datasets is called association rule mining(ARM).This technique finds patterns of common items or events in the data set,including associations.Through the analysis of patient data,including demographics,genetic information,and reactions with previous treatments,ARM can identify harmful drug reactions,possible novel combinations of medicines,and trends which connect particular individual features to treatment outcomes.AIM To investigate the evidence on the effects of anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs)on calcium metabolism and supplementing with vitamin D to help lower the likelihood of bone-related issues using ARM technique.METHODS ARM technique was used to analyze patients’behavior on calcium metabolism,vitamin D and anti-epileptic medicines.Epileptic sufferers of both sexes who attended neurological outpatient and in patient department clinics were recruited for the study.There were three patient groups:Group 1 received one AED,group 2 received two AEDs,and group 3 received more than two AEDs.The researchers analyzed the alkaline phosphatase,ionized calcium,total calcium,phosphorus,vitamin D levels,or parathyroid hormone values.RESULTS A total of 150 patients,aged 12 years to 60 years,were studied,with 50 in each group(1,2,and 3).60%were men,this gender imbalance may affect the study’s findings,as women have different bone metabolism dynamics influenced by hormonal variations,including menopause.The results may not fully capture the distinct effects of AEDs on female patients.A greater equal distribution of women should be the goal of future studies in order to offer a complete comprehension of the metabolic alterations brought on by AEDs.86 patients had generalized epilepsy,64 partial.42%of patients had AEDs for>5 years.Polytherapy reduced calcium and vitamin D levels compared to mono and dual therapy.Polytherapy elevated alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus levels.CONCLUSION ARM revealed the possible effects of variables like age,gender,and polytherapy on parathyroid hormone levels in individuals taking antiepileptic medication.展开更多
P2P trading is driving the decentralization of the electricity market,the autonomy and privacy requirements of prosumers may intro-duce safety risks such as voltage violations.Existing security management methods base...P2P trading is driving the decentralization of the electricity market,the autonomy and privacy requirements of prosumers may intro-duce safety risks such as voltage violations.Existing security management methods based on price guidance may face unsolvable situa-tions in trading scenarios and have difficulty assessing the impact of P2P transactions on voltage security.To this end,this paper proposes a novel distribution system operator(DSO)-prosumers bi-level optimization framework incorporating the dynamic operating envelope(DOE)and risk coefficient-based network usage charge(RC-NUC).In the upper-level,the DOE is employed for dynamic voltage man-agement to prevent violations while the RC-NUC further guides prosumers to engage in grid-friendly transactions.The lower-level decen-tralized market enables prosumers to optimize trading decisions autonomously.Only price signals and energy quantities are exchanged between the two levels,ensuring the privacy of both parties.Additionally,an alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with adaptive penalty factor is introduced to improve computational efficiency.Case studies on a modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed method reduces voltage violation risks by 18.31%and enhances trading efficiency by 32.3%.These results highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach in advancing secure and efficient distributed energy transactions.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates multi-stage feature selection,unsupervised clustering,and ensemble learning to improve classification performance in financial transaction m...This paper proposes a novel hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates multi-stage feature selection,unsupervised clustering,and ensemble learning to improve classification performance in financial transaction monitoring systems.The framework is structured into three core layers:(1)feature selection using Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE),Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and Mutual Information(MI)to reduce dimensionality and enhance input relevance;(2)anomaly detection through unsupervised clustering using K-Means,Density-Based Spatial Clustering(DBSCAN),and Hierarchical Clustering to flag suspicious patterns in unlabeled data;and(3)final classification using a voting-based hybrid ensemble of Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),and Gradient Boosting Classifier(GBC).The experimental evaluation is conducted on a synthetically generated dataset comprising one million financial transactions,with 5% labelled as fraudulent,simulating realistic fraud rates and behavioural features,including transaction time,origin,amount,and geo-location.The proposed model demonstrated a significant improvement over baseline classifiers,achieving an accuracy of 99%,a precision of 99%,a recall of 97%,and an F1-score of 99%.Compared to individual models,it yielded a 9% gain in overall detection accuracy.It reduced the false positive rate to below 3.5%,thereby minimising the operational costs associated with manually reviewing false alerts.The model’s interpretability is enhanced by the integration of Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)values for feature importance,supporting transparency and regulatory auditability.These results affirm the practical relevance of the proposed system for deployment in real-time fraud detection scenarios such as credit card transactions,mobile banking,and cross-border payments.The study also highlights future directions,including the deployment of lightweight models and the integration of multimodal data for scalable fraud analytics.展开更多
In the contemporary era,characterized by the Internet and digitalization as fundamental features,the operation and application of digital currency have gradually developed into a comprehensive structural system.This s...In the contemporary era,characterized by the Internet and digitalization as fundamental features,the operation and application of digital currency have gradually developed into a comprehensive structural system.This system restores the essential characteristics of currency while providing auxiliary services related to the formation,circulation,storage,application,and promotion of digital currency.Compared to traditional currency management technologies,big data analysis technology,which is primarily embedded in digital currency systems,enables the rapid acquisition of information.This facilitates the identification of standard associations within currency data and provides technical support for the operational framework of digital currency.展开更多
基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada(CRDPJ 477238-14)and Hydro Ottawa。
文摘This paper presents a transactive demand response(TDR)scheme for a network of residential customers with generation assets that emphasizes interoperability within a transactive energy architecture.A complete laboratory-based implementation provides the first(to our knowledge)realization of a comprehensive TDR use case that is fully compliant with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)2030.5 standard,which addresses interoperability within a cybersecure smart energy profile(SEP)context.Verification is provided by a full system integration with commercial hardware using Internet Protocol(IP)-based(local area network(LAN)and Wi-Fi)communication protocols and transport layer security(TLS)1.2 cryptographic protocol,and validation is provided by emulation using extensive residential smart meter data.The demand response(DR)scheme is designed to accommodate privacy concerns,allows customers to select their DR compliance level,and provides incentives to maximize their participation.The proposed TDR scheme addresses privacy through the implementation of the SEP 2.0 messaging protocol between a transactive agent(TA)and home energy management system(HEMS)agents.Customer response is handled by a multi-input multi-output(MIMO)fuzzy controller that manages negotiation between the customer agent and the TA.We take a multi-agent system approach to neighborhood coordination,with the TA servicing multiple residences on a common transformer,and use a reward mechanism to maximize customer engagement during the event-based optimization.Based on a set of smart meter data acquired over an extended time period,we engage in multiple TDR scenarios,and demonstrate with a fully-functional IEEE 2030.5-compliant implementation that our scheme can reduce network peak power consumption by 22%under realistic conditions.
基金supported by PVST project, funded under the Danish Energiteknologiske Udviklings-og Demonstrationsprogram (EUDP) programme (64017-0041)the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources (LAPS21)
文摘The decreasing cost of solar photovoltaics(PVs)and battery storage systems is driving their adoption in the residential distribution system,where more consumers are becoming prosumers.Accompanying this trend is the potential roll-out of home energy management systems(HEMSs),which provide a means for prosumers to respond to externalities such as energy price,weather,and energy demands.However,the economic operation of prosumers can affect grid security,especially when energy prices are extremely low or high.Therefore,it is paramount to design a framework that can accommodate the interests of the key stakeholders in distribution systems—namely,the network operator,prosumer,and aggregator.In this paper,a novel transactive energy(TE)-based operational framework is proposed.Under this frame-work,aggregators interact with the distribution grid operator through a negotiation process to ensure network security,while at the lower level,prosumers submit their schedule to the aggregator through the HEMS.If network security is at risk,aggregators will send an additional price component representing the cost of security(CoS)to the prosumer to stimulate further response.The simulation results show that the proposed framework can effectively ensure the economic operation of aggregators and prosumers in distribution systems while maintaining grid security.
文摘Healthcare for older adults with dementia is an important healthcare problem in Japan and in other developed countries. Importantly, healthcare workers in Japan are also getting older. In order to address solutions to this problem, using robots is being realized and is starting to assist healthcare and welfare practice needs. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of a transactive phenomenon in relationships among older adults with dementia, with nurses as intermediaries and with a cognitive skill-aid robot. Subjects were two institutionalized older adults who were diagnosed with dementia using Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised;a Kabochan (Nodding Kabochan) fixed with a remote-controlled speaker, Pechat (Kabochan with Pechat). Measurements of autonomic nervous activity were done using wearable electrocardiography attached to the subjects for four hours. Heart Rate Variability data were assessed at various frequency bands using a HRV software tool. In a continuously recorded data, interbeat (R-R) intervals were obtained for a 1-min segment using the maximum entropy method. In this study, the two major spectral components of HRV, the variances of the low-frequency (LF: 0.04 - 0.15 Hz) band and high-frequency (HF: 0.15 - 0.4 Hz) band, were calculated. Activities and behaviors of subjects transacting with Kabochan were observed by the expert nurses and video-recorded. Throughout the transaction period, observations were recorded of patients’ behavior, words uttered and over-all contents of the transactive conversation with the Kabochan or Kabochan with Pechat. Identified characteristics were transactive relationship phenomenon;changes in autonomic nervous system activity of persons with dementia are expressed as per one minute, linguistic response of elderly people, transactive relations among Kabochan, Kabochan with Pechat, and nurses as intermediaries. These were exhibited as Figures: Situation 1, A Sense of Fear, Situation 2, A Pleasant Sensation, and Situation 3, Misunderstanding and Confusion. It also showed that autonomic nervous system activity of persons with communication skills is actively changing in older adults with dementia. Conversation of adding Pechat to the Kabochan illustrated that nurses as intermediaries showed emotional conversations as established by effectively manipulating the Pechat. Also, it was revealed that if Kabochan with Pechat uttered words about patient’s personal information in a conversation, the patient felt a sense of fear. The researchers suggest that when developing future communication robot for elderly with dementia, it is necessary to consider, for an effective conversation, transactive relationships including nurses as intermediaries. The role functions of these intermediaries have been shown of high versatility, indicating that situations such as these can also be controlled by other healthcare providers such as by occupational therapists.
基金This work is sponsored by Department of Commerce,State of Washington,and US Department of Energy,USA,through the Transactive Campus Energy Systems project,in collaboration with Pacific Northwest National Lab and University of Washington.
文摘This paper reviews the state of the art of research and industry practice on demand response and the new methodology of transactive energy. Demand response programs incentivize consumers to align their demand with power supply conditions, enhancing power system reliability and economic operation. The design of demand response programs, performance of pilot projects and programs, consumer behaviors, and barriers are discussed.Transactive energy is a variant and a generalized form of demand response in that it manages both the supply and demand sides. It is intended for a changing environment with an increasing number of distributed resources and intelligent devices. It utilizes the flexibility of various generation/load resources to maintain a dynamic balance of supply and demand. These distributed resources are controlled by their owners. However, the design of transaction mechanisms should align the individual behaviors with the interests of the entire system. Transactive energy features real-time, autonomous, and decentralized decision making.The transition from demand response to transactive energy is also discussed.
基金financed by the TNO Early Research Program on Energy Storage and Conversion(ERP ECS)through the SOSENS projectpartly supported by the Danish iPower project(http://www.ipowernet.dk/)funded by the Danish Agency for Research and Innovation(No.0603-00435B)
文摘The increasing number of distributed energy resources connected to power systems raises operational challenges for the network operator, such as introducing grid congestion and voltage deviations in the distribution network level, as well as increasing balancing needs at the whole system level. Control and coordination of a large number of distributed energy assets requires innovative approaches. Transactive control has received much attention due to its decentralized decision-making and transparent characteristics. This paper introduces the concept and main features of transactive control, followed by a literature review and demonstration projects that apply to transactive control. Cases are then presented to illustrate the transactive control framework. At the end, discussions and research directions are presented, for applying transactive control to operating power systems, characterized by a high penetration of distributed energy resources.
基金This work was supported in part by Shanghai Science and Technology Plan:Research and application for key technologies of public building virtual power plant based on distributed resource aggregation control,China(No.20dz1206200).
文摘Peer-to-peer(P2P)transactive energy trading offers a promising solution for facilitating the efficient and secure operation of a distribution system consisting of multiple prosumers.One critical but challenging task is how to avoid system network constraints to be violated for the distribution system integrated with extensive P2P transactive energy trades.This paper proposes a security constrained decentralized P2P transactive energy trading framework,which allows direct energy trades among neighboring prosumers in the distribution system with enhanced system efficiency and security in which no conventional intermediary is required.The P2P transactive energy trading problem is formulated based on the Nash Bargaining theory and decomposed into two subproblems,i.e.,an OPF problem(P1)and a payment bargaining problem(P2).A distributed optimization method based on the alternating direction method of multiplier(ADMM)is adopted as a privacy-preserving solution to the formulated security constrained P2P transactive energy trading model with ensured accuracy.Extensive case studies based on a modified 33-bus distribution system are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed security constrained decentralized P2P transactive energy trading framework in terms of efficiency improvement,loss reduction,and voltage security enhancement.
基金This work is supported by the National Research Foundation of Singapore,and the Energy Market Authority,under the Exploiting Distributed Generation(EDGE)Programme and administrated by the EDGE Programme Office(EDGE Programme Award No.EDGEGC2018-003).
文摘Increasing penetration of distributed energy resources(DERs)introduced by different stakeholders,poses an immense challenge to power network operators.The traditional direct control of local DERs has the risk of violating preferences and privacies of stakeholders.A promising solution for supplydemand coordination is to utilize a transactive energy(TE)based energy management method to indirectly coordinate the local DERs,which enables the distribution-level energy providers,consumers,and prosumers to trade energy with each other through a transactive energy system(TES)trading platform.This paper provides a comprehensive review of a TES and presents a detailed classification from different perspectives,including TES participants,structure,commodity,clearing method,and solution algorithm.The presented detailed component-scale classification can be used as a reference for future TES designs.Finally,two additional market tools,i.e.,penalty mechanism and loss allocation mechanism,are discussed as future focus areas,which can be seen as necessary complements to a TES for ensuring feasibility and fairness of energy trading.
文摘Interest in transactive energy frameworks(TEFs)is proliferating due to the modern smart grid paradigm.This paper proposes a TEF,which applies auction-theory,incorporates a system of agents,and facilitates a transactive energy market(TEM)through an auctioneer.Further,it also enables peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading among the residential buildings in community microgrid for possible monetary benefits.In this framework,there are three agents,namely,auctioneer,participants,and utility.The auctioneer is a managing agent modeled using auction theory to determine day-ahead internal market-clearing price and quantity.The participants are autonomous and rational decision-makers;they aim to minimize their electricity bills through the demand response(DR)management.Two types of architectures,one with the third-party agent demonstrated using the MATLAB environment and the other with the virtual agent(without third-party)implemented using the blockchain environment are presented.The simulation results reflect significant monetary benefits to each market participant,improved community selfsufficiency,self-consumption,and reduced reliance on the utility grid.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFE0123600)National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2066211,52177124)+2 种基金in part by the Institute of Electrical Engineering,CAS (E155610101)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (No.2019143)in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinese Taiwan under Grant MOST 109-2221-E007-020.
文摘Aggregating demand side flexibility is essential to complementing the inflexible and variable renewable energy supply in achieving low carbon energy systems.Sources of demand side flexibility,e.g.,dispatchable generators,storage,and flexible loads,can be structured in a form of microgrids and collectively provided to utility grids through transactive energy in local energy markets.This paper proposes a framework of local energy markets to manage this transactive energy and facilitate the flexibility provision.The distribution system operator aims to achieve local energy balance by scheduling the operation of multi-microgrids and determining the imbalance prices.Multiple microgrid traders aim to maximize profits for their prosumers through dispatching flexibility sources and participating in localised energy trading.The decision making and interactions between a distribution system operator and multiple microgrid traders are formulated as the Stackelberg game-theoretic problem.Case studies using the IEEE 69-bus distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model in terms of facilitating local energy balance and reducing dependency on the utility grids.
文摘The penetration of multi-carrier energy systems in distribution system gains more and more concerns.In this paper,a bi-level transactive energy trading framework is proposed to improve the energy scheduling and operation efficiency for multi-carrier energy systems which are modeled as energy hubs(EHs).In the upper level,each EH in the distribution system not only makes energy scheduling decisions considering supplies and demands of local energy,but also trades energy with each other to further maximize their social welfare.The associated trading payment among EHs is made in a fair manner by applying Nash bargaining theory.We solve the bargaining problem by decomposing it into two subproblems:operation cost minimization problem and payment bargaining problem.Then,based on the trading decision,the nodal equivalent loads of EHs are sent to the distribution system operator(DSO)without publishing trading details.By applying the second-order cone programming(SOCP),DSO reconfigures the network to reduce the transmission loss of the system in the lower level.The network reconfiguration and the trading behavior of EHs interact and iterate until the convergence.Numerical studies on modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
基金supported by the Research Affairs Office of University of Tabriz,Tabriz,Iran
文摘In recent years,the advent of microgrids with numerous renewable energy sources has created some fundamental challenges in the control,coordination,and management of energy trading between microgrids and the power grid.To respond to these challenges,some techniques such as the transactive energy(TE)technology are proposed to control energy sharing.Therefore,this paper uses TE technology for energy exchange control among the microgrids,and applies three operation cases for analyzing the energy trading control of four and ten microgrids with the aim of minimizing the energy cost of each microgrid,respectively.In this regard,Monte Carlo simulation and fast forward selection(FFS)methods are respectively exerted for scenario generation and reduction in uncertainty modeling process.The first case is assumed that all microgrids can only receive energy from the network and do not have any connection with each other.In order to maximize the energy cost saving of each microgrid,the second case is proposed to provide a positive percentage of cost saving for microgrids.All microgrids can also trade energy with each other to get the most benefit by reducing the dependency on the main grid.The third case is similar to the second case,but its target is to indicate the scalability of the models based on the proposed TE technology by considering ten commercial microgrids.Finally,the simulation results indicate that microgrids can achieve the positive amount of cost saving in the second and third cases.In addition,the total energy cost of microgrids has been reduced in comparison with the first case.
基金Philosophy and Social Science Planning Projects in Yunnan Province,No.QN202428China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2024M752918。
文摘Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.
文摘2021年9月,重庆大学光电工程学院2019级研究生邓培芳以共同第一作者在IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing期刊上发表了一篇题为“Vision Transformer:An Excellent Teacher for Guiding Small Networks in Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification”的研究论文。IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing是IEEE出版的国际性、跨学科期刊,2022年被中国科学院划分为一区Top期刊。邓培芳同学(现在浙江大学攻读博士学位)在2019年暑假期间,加入重庆大学光电工程学院黄鸿教授课题组进行学习,开始本课题的研究工作。
文摘《中国有色金属学报》和《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》(《中国有色金属学报(英文版)》)是中国有色金属学会主办、科学出版社出版的学术期刊。创刊于1991年,主要报道我国有色金属材料、冶金、选矿和化学化工领域的新理论、新技术和新方法。《中国有色金属学报》为月刊,80元/期,全年订价960元。邮发代号:42−218。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61802301)awarded to J.Lithe Postgraduate Innovation Fund Project of Xi’an Shiyou University(Grant No.YCX2513159).
文摘The long transaction latency and low throughput of blockchain are the key challenges affecting the large-scale adoption of blockchain technology. Sharding technology is a primary solution by divides the blockchain network into multiple independent shards for parallel transaction processing. However, most existing random or modular schemes fail to consider the transactional relationships between accounts, which leads to a high proportion of cross-shard transactions, thereby increasing the communication overhead and transaction confirmation latency between shards. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a blockchain sharding algorithm based on account degree and frequency (DFSA). The algorithm takes into account both account degree and weight relationships between accounts. The blockchain transaction network is modeled as an undirected weighted graph, and community detection algorithms are employed to analyze the correlations between accounts. Strong-correlated accounts are grouped into the same shard, and a multi-shard blockchain network is constructed. Additionally, to further reduce the number of cross-shard transactions, this paper designs a random redundancy strategy based on account correlation, which randomly selects strong-correlated accounts and stores them redundantly in another shard, thus original cross-shard transactions can be verified and confirmed within the same shard. Simulation experiments demonstrate that DFSA outperforms the random sharding algorithm (RSA), modular sharding algorithm (MSA), and label propagation algorithm (LPA) in terms of cross-shard transaction proportion, latency, and throughput. Therefore, DFSA can effectively reduce cross-shard transaction proportion and lower transaction confirmation latency.
基金funded by Ajman University,AU-Funded Research Grant 2023-IRG-ENIT-22.
文摘Cyber-Physical System (CPS) devices are increasing exponentially. Lacking confidentiality creates a vulnerable network. Thus, demanding the overall system with the latest and robust solutions for the defence mechanisms with low computation cost, increased integrity, and surveillance. The proposal of a mechanism that utilizes the features of authenticity measures using the Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol which applies to the multi-WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) of IoT devices in CPS which is developed for the Device-to-Device (D2D) authentication developed from the local-chain and public chain respectively combined with the Software Defined Networking (SDN) control and monitoring system using switches and controllers that will route the packets through the network, identify any false nodes, take preventive measures against them and preventing them for any future problems. Next, the system is powered by Blockchain cryptographic features by utilizing the TrustChain features to create a private, secure, and temper-free ledger of the transactions performed inside the network. Results are achieved in the legitimate devices connecting to the network, transferring their packets to their destination under supervision, reporting whenever a false node is causing hurdles, and recording the transactions for temper-proof records. Evaluation results based on 1000+ transactions illustrate that the proposed mechanism not only outshines most aspects of Cyber-Physical systems but also consumes less computation power with a low latency of 0.1 seconds only.
文摘BACKGROUND There is a lack of study on vitamin D and calcium levels in epileptic patients receiving therapy,despite the growing recognition of the importance of bone health in individuals with epilepsy.Associations one statistical method for finding correlations between variables in big datasets is called association rule mining(ARM).This technique finds patterns of common items or events in the data set,including associations.Through the analysis of patient data,including demographics,genetic information,and reactions with previous treatments,ARM can identify harmful drug reactions,possible novel combinations of medicines,and trends which connect particular individual features to treatment outcomes.AIM To investigate the evidence on the effects of anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs)on calcium metabolism and supplementing with vitamin D to help lower the likelihood of bone-related issues using ARM technique.METHODS ARM technique was used to analyze patients’behavior on calcium metabolism,vitamin D and anti-epileptic medicines.Epileptic sufferers of both sexes who attended neurological outpatient and in patient department clinics were recruited for the study.There were three patient groups:Group 1 received one AED,group 2 received two AEDs,and group 3 received more than two AEDs.The researchers analyzed the alkaline phosphatase,ionized calcium,total calcium,phosphorus,vitamin D levels,or parathyroid hormone values.RESULTS A total of 150 patients,aged 12 years to 60 years,were studied,with 50 in each group(1,2,and 3).60%were men,this gender imbalance may affect the study’s findings,as women have different bone metabolism dynamics influenced by hormonal variations,including menopause.The results may not fully capture the distinct effects of AEDs on female patients.A greater equal distribution of women should be the goal of future studies in order to offer a complete comprehension of the metabolic alterations brought on by AEDs.86 patients had generalized epilepsy,64 partial.42%of patients had AEDs for>5 years.Polytherapy reduced calcium and vitamin D levels compared to mono and dual therapy.Polytherapy elevated alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus levels.CONCLUSION ARM revealed the possible effects of variables like age,gender,and polytherapy on parathyroid hormone levels in individuals taking antiepileptic medication.
文摘P2P trading is driving the decentralization of the electricity market,the autonomy and privacy requirements of prosumers may intro-duce safety risks such as voltage violations.Existing security management methods based on price guidance may face unsolvable situa-tions in trading scenarios and have difficulty assessing the impact of P2P transactions on voltage security.To this end,this paper proposes a novel distribution system operator(DSO)-prosumers bi-level optimization framework incorporating the dynamic operating envelope(DOE)and risk coefficient-based network usage charge(RC-NUC).In the upper-level,the DOE is employed for dynamic voltage man-agement to prevent violations while the RC-NUC further guides prosumers to engage in grid-friendly transactions.The lower-level decen-tralized market enables prosumers to optimize trading decisions autonomously.Only price signals and energy quantities are exchanged between the two levels,ensuring the privacy of both parties.Additionally,an alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with adaptive penalty factor is introduced to improve computational efficiency.Case studies on a modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed method reduces voltage violation risks by 18.31%and enhances trading efficiency by 32.3%.These results highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach in advancing secure and efficient distributed energy transactions.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia[Grant No.KFU241683].
文摘This paper proposes a novel hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates multi-stage feature selection,unsupervised clustering,and ensemble learning to improve classification performance in financial transaction monitoring systems.The framework is structured into three core layers:(1)feature selection using Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE),Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and Mutual Information(MI)to reduce dimensionality and enhance input relevance;(2)anomaly detection through unsupervised clustering using K-Means,Density-Based Spatial Clustering(DBSCAN),and Hierarchical Clustering to flag suspicious patterns in unlabeled data;and(3)final classification using a voting-based hybrid ensemble of Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),and Gradient Boosting Classifier(GBC).The experimental evaluation is conducted on a synthetically generated dataset comprising one million financial transactions,with 5% labelled as fraudulent,simulating realistic fraud rates and behavioural features,including transaction time,origin,amount,and geo-location.The proposed model demonstrated a significant improvement over baseline classifiers,achieving an accuracy of 99%,a precision of 99%,a recall of 97%,and an F1-score of 99%.Compared to individual models,it yielded a 9% gain in overall detection accuracy.It reduced the false positive rate to below 3.5%,thereby minimising the operational costs associated with manually reviewing false alerts.The model’s interpretability is enhanced by the integration of Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)values for feature importance,supporting transparency and regulatory auditability.These results affirm the practical relevance of the proposed system for deployment in real-time fraud detection scenarios such as credit card transactions,mobile banking,and cross-border payments.The study also highlights future directions,including the deployment of lightweight models and the integration of multimodal data for scalable fraud analytics.
文摘In the contemporary era,characterized by the Internet and digitalization as fundamental features,the operation and application of digital currency have gradually developed into a comprehensive structural system.This system restores the essential characteristics of currency while providing auxiliary services related to the formation,circulation,storage,application,and promotion of digital currency.Compared to traditional currency management technologies,big data analysis technology,which is primarily embedded in digital currency systems,enables the rapid acquisition of information.This facilitates the identification of standard associations within currency data and provides technical support for the operational framework of digital currency.
