To improve agronomic traits of partial waxy wheat, crossing between Chinese Baihuomai and wheat cultivars PH85-16, Jinan 17, and Yannong 15 was performed. The progeny plants were further backcrossed to these cultivars...To improve agronomic traits of partial waxy wheat, crossing between Chinese Baihuomai and wheat cultivars PH85-16, Jinan 17, and Yannong 15 was performed. The progeny plants were further backcrossed to these cultivars as recurrent parents for five generations. To get homozygous plants with the null allele at the Wx-D1 locus, self-pollination was carried out in the BC5F1 generation. Through another three generations, 6 partial waxy wheat lines were obtained, which had similar agronomic performance as their recurrent parents and carried the null allele at the Wx-D1 locus. In each generation, the Wx-D1 locus was identified by a PCR-based DNA marker and the agronomic traits were examined in progeny plants. The results from this study indicate that the use of backcrossing with a PCR-based DNA marker was useful in waxy wheat breeding. These partial waxy wheat lines can be used in field production.展开更多
The precise and simultaneous acquisition of multiple beneficial alleles in the genome is in great demand for the development of elite pig breeders. Cytidine base editors(CBEs) that convert C:G to T:A have emerged as p...The precise and simultaneous acquisition of multiple beneficial alleles in the genome is in great demand for the development of elite pig breeders. Cytidine base editors(CBEs) that convert C:G to T:A have emerged as powerful tools for single-nucleotide replacement. Whether CBEs can effectively mediate C-to-T substitution at multiple sites/loci for trait improvement by direct zygote injection has not been verified in large animals. Here, we determined the editing efficiency of four CBE variants in porcine embryonic fibroblast cells and embryos. The findings showed that hA3A-BE3-Y130F and hA3A-eBE-Y130F consistently resulted in increased base-editing efficiency and low toxic effects in embryonic development. Further, we verified that using a one-step approach, direct zygote microinjection of the CBE system can generate pigs harboring multiple point mutations.Our process resulted in a stop codon in CD163 and myostatin(MSTN) and introduced a beneficial allele in insulin-like growth factor-2(IGF2). The pigs showed disrupted expression of CD163 and MSTN and increased expression of IGF2, which significantly improved growth performance and infectious disease resistance. Our approach allows immediate introduction of multiple mutations in transgene-free animals to comprehensively improve economic traits through direct embryo microinjection,providing a potential new route to produce elite pig breeders.展开更多
The genetic base that cotton breeders commonly use to improve Upland cultivars is very narrow.The AD-genome species Gossypium barbadense,G.tomentosum,and G.mustelinum are part of
Cotton is the worlds leading natural fiber crop,and it is the cornerstone of textile industries worldwide.The cotton industry is confronted with problems in cost of production and
financed by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, China （02318802013231）;the National Public Services Sectors （Agricultural） Research Projects, Ministry of Agriculture, China （201303102）;...financed by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, China （02318802013231）;the National Public Services Sectors （Agricultural） Research Projects, Ministry of Agriculture, China （201303102）;the Great Technology Project of Ningbo, China （2013C11001）展开更多
Potato is the most widely grown non-grain crop and ranks as the third most significant global food crop following rice and wheat.Despite its long history of cultivation over vast areas,slow breeding progress and envir...Potato is the most widely grown non-grain crop and ranks as the third most significant global food crop following rice and wheat.Despite its long history of cultivation over vast areas,slow breeding progress and environmental stress have led to a scarcity of high-yielding potato varieties.Enhancing the quality and yield of potato tubers remains the ultimate objective of potato breeding.However,conventional breeding has faced challenges due to tetrasomic inheritance,high genomic heterozygosity,and inbreeding depression.Recent advancements in molecular biology and functional genomic studies of potato have provided valuable insights into the regulatory network of physiological processes and facilitated trait improvement.In this review,we present a summary of identified factors and genes governing potato growth and development,along with progress in potato genomics and the adoption of new breeding technologies for improvement.Additionally,we explore the opportunities and challenges in potato improvement,offering insights into future avenues for potato research.展开更多
Bioenergy crops currently provide the only source of alternative energy with the potential to reduce the use of fossil transportation fuels in a way that is compatible with existing engine technology, including in dev...Bioenergy crops currently provide the only source of alternative energy with the potential to reduce the use of fossil transportation fuels in a way that is compatible with existing engine technology, including in developing countries. Even though bioenergy research is currently receiving considerable attention, many of the concepts are not new, but rather build on intense research efforts from 30 years ago. A major difference with that era is the availability of genomics tools that have the potential to accelerate crop improvement significantly. This review is focused on maize, sorghum and sugarcane as representatives of bioenergy grasses that produce sugar and/or lignocellulosic biomass. Examples of how genetic mapping, forward and reverse genetics, highthroughput expression profiling and comparative genomics can be used to unravel and improve bioenergy traits will be presented.展开更多
Dear Editor,Genome editing tools are leading a revolution in plant breeding.In particular,prime editors(PEs)can install all types of base changes and small insertions/deletions at precise positions in plant genomes(An...Dear Editor,Genome editing tools are leading a revolution in plant breeding.In particular,prime editors(PEs)can install all types of base changes and small insertions/deletions at precise positions in plant genomes(Anzalone et al.,2019).PEs are by far the most powerful approach for improving traits conferred by gain-of-function point mutations.Early versions of PEs suffered from low editing efficiency,but the latest PEs can perform edits at a much higher efficiency thanks to the extensive efforts of re-searchers from around the world.Most modifications to improve PE efficiency have focused on the optimization of PE protein components and structure.展开更多
Genome editing mediated by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/Cas systems is widely used to study functional genomics and improve the agronomic traits in crops(Hua et al.2019;Gao 2021).T...Genome editing mediated by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/Cas systems is widely used to study functional genomics and improve the agronomic traits in crops(Hua et al.2019;Gao 2021).To date,various plant-specific CRISPR/Cas expression systems have been developed and applied in model plants,including Arabidopsis,rice,and tobacco,however,editing efficiencies vary widely(Ma et al.2016;Tian et al.2020).展开更多
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene(Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12i^(Max), a Cas12i variant, ...The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene(Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12i^(Max), a Cas12i variant, exhibits powerful DNA editing activity and enriches the gene editing toolbox. However, the application of Cas12i^(Max)in large domestic animals has not yet been reported. To verify the efficiency and feasibility of multiple gene editing in large animals, we generated porcine fibroblasts with simultaneous knockouts of IGF2, ANPEP, CD163,and MSTN via Cas12i^(Max)in one step. Phenotypically stable pigs were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. They exhibited improved growth performance and muscle quality. Furthermore, we simultaneously edited three genes in bovine fibroblasts. A knockout of MSTN and PRNP was created and the amino acid Q-G in CD18 was precisely substituted. Meanwhile, no off-target phenomenon was observed by sum-type analysis or off-target detection. These results verified the effectiveness of Cas12i^(Max)for gene editing in livestock animals and demonstrated the potential application of Cas12i^(Max)in the field of animal trait improvement for agricultural production.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2004AA212130).
文摘To improve agronomic traits of partial waxy wheat, crossing between Chinese Baihuomai and wheat cultivars PH85-16, Jinan 17, and Yannong 15 was performed. The progeny plants were further backcrossed to these cultivars as recurrent parents for five generations. To get homozygous plants with the null allele at the Wx-D1 locus, self-pollination was carried out in the BC5F1 generation. Through another three generations, 6 partial waxy wheat lines were obtained, which had similar agronomic performance as their recurrent parents and carried the null allele at the Wx-D1 locus. In each generation, the Wx-D1 locus was identified by a PCR-based DNA marker and the agronomic traits were examined in progeny plants. The results from this study indicate that the use of backcrossing with a PCR-based DNA marker was useful in waxy wheat breeding. These partial waxy wheat lines can be used in field production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (31925036)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC1316602)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81671274, 31272440, and 31801031)the National Transgenic Project of China (2016ZX08009003-006-007)the Elite Youth Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP-IAS05)
文摘The precise and simultaneous acquisition of multiple beneficial alleles in the genome is in great demand for the development of elite pig breeders. Cytidine base editors(CBEs) that convert C:G to T:A have emerged as powerful tools for single-nucleotide replacement. Whether CBEs can effectively mediate C-to-T substitution at multiple sites/loci for trait improvement by direct zygote injection has not been verified in large animals. Here, we determined the editing efficiency of four CBE variants in porcine embryonic fibroblast cells and embryos. The findings showed that hA3A-BE3-Y130F and hA3A-eBE-Y130F consistently resulted in increased base-editing efficiency and low toxic effects in embryonic development. Further, we verified that using a one-step approach, direct zygote microinjection of the CBE system can generate pigs harboring multiple point mutations.Our process resulted in a stop codon in CD163 and myostatin(MSTN) and introduced a beneficial allele in insulin-like growth factor-2(IGF2). The pigs showed disrupted expression of CD163 and MSTN and increased expression of IGF2, which significantly improved growth performance and infectious disease resistance. Our approach allows immediate introduction of multiple mutations in transgene-free animals to comprehensively improve economic traits through direct embryo microinjection,providing a potential new route to produce elite pig breeders.
文摘The genetic base that cotton breeders commonly use to improve Upland cultivars is very narrow.The AD-genome species Gossypium barbadense,G.tomentosum,and G.mustelinum are part of
文摘Cotton is the worlds leading natural fiber crop,and it is the cornerstone of textile industries worldwide.The cotton industry is confronted with problems in cost of production and
基金financed by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, China (02318802013231)the National Public Services Sectors (Agricultural) Research Projects, Ministry of Agriculture, China (201303102)the Great Technology Project of Ningbo, China (2013C11001)
文摘financed by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, China （02318802013231）;the National Public Services Sectors （Agricultural） Research Projects, Ministry of Agriculture, China （201303102）;the Great Technology Project of Ningbo, China （2013C11001）
基金supported by Ten Thousand Talent Program and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds Program(ZXWH2150201/015).
文摘Potato is the most widely grown non-grain crop and ranks as the third most significant global food crop following rice and wheat.Despite its long history of cultivation over vast areas,slow breeding progress and environmental stress have led to a scarcity of high-yielding potato varieties.Enhancing the quality and yield of potato tubers remains the ultimate objective of potato breeding.However,conventional breeding has faced challenges due to tetrasomic inheritance,high genomic heterozygosity,and inbreeding depression.Recent advancements in molecular biology and functional genomic studies of potato have provided valuable insights into the regulatory network of physiological processes and facilitated trait improvement.In this review,we present a summary of identified factors and genes governing potato growth and development,along with progress in potato genomics and the adoption of new breeding technologies for improvement.Additionally,we explore the opportunities and challenges in potato improvement,offering insights into future avenues for potato research.
基金Funding from the U.S.Department of Energy, Office of Science(BER) (Grant No.DE-FG02-07ER64458)the U.S.Department of Agriculture (Grant No.68-3A75-7-603) for sorghum andsugarcane research,respectively
文摘Bioenergy crops currently provide the only source of alternative energy with the potential to reduce the use of fossil transportation fuels in a way that is compatible with existing engine technology, including in developing countries. Even though bioenergy research is currently receiving considerable attention, many of the concepts are not new, but rather build on intense research efforts from 30 years ago. A major difference with that era is the availability of genomics tools that have the potential to accelerate crop improvement significantly. This review is focused on maize, sorghum and sugarcane as representatives of bioenergy grasses that produce sugar and/or lignocellulosic biomass. Examples of how genetic mapping, forward and reverse genetics, highthroughput expression profiling and comparative genomics can be used to unravel and improve bioenergy traits will be presented.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1202905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272629).
文摘Dear Editor,Genome editing tools are leading a revolution in plant breeding.In particular,prime editors(PEs)can install all types of base changes and small insertions/deletions at precise positions in plant genomes(Anzalone et al.,2019).PEs are by far the most powerful approach for improving traits conferred by gain-of-function point mutations.Early versions of PEs suffered from low editing efficiency,but the latest PEs can perform edits at a much higher efficiency thanks to the extensive efforts of re-searchers from around the world.Most modifications to improve PE efficiency have focused on the optimization of PE protein components and structure.
基金supported by grants from The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP-TRIC02,ASTIP-TRIC-ZD03)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1610232019001,1610232023006)+1 种基金China Tobacco Genome Project[110202201009(JY-06/-09),110202101036(JY-13)]Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring and Integrated Management(KLTPMIMT2022-03).
文摘Genome editing mediated by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/Cas systems is widely used to study functional genomics and improve the agronomic traits in crops(Hua et al.2019;Gao 2021).To date,various plant-specific CRISPR/Cas expression systems have been developed and applied in model plants,including Arabidopsis,rice,and tobacco,however,editing efficiencies vary widely(Ma et al.2016;Tian et al.2020).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0201100,2021YFA0805905,2021YFA0805701,2022YFA1103101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102549)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of Ningxia(2021BEF02023)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-36)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP-IAS06)the project from The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production(2021ZD04)。
文摘The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene(Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12i^(Max), a Cas12i variant, exhibits powerful DNA editing activity and enriches the gene editing toolbox. However, the application of Cas12i^(Max)in large domestic animals has not yet been reported. To verify the efficiency and feasibility of multiple gene editing in large animals, we generated porcine fibroblasts with simultaneous knockouts of IGF2, ANPEP, CD163,and MSTN via Cas12i^(Max)in one step. Phenotypically stable pigs were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. They exhibited improved growth performance and muscle quality. Furthermore, we simultaneously edited three genes in bovine fibroblasts. A knockout of MSTN and PRNP was created and the amino acid Q-G in CD18 was precisely substituted. Meanwhile, no off-target phenomenon was observed by sum-type analysis or off-target detection. These results verified the effectiveness of Cas12i^(Max)for gene editing in livestock animals and demonstrated the potential application of Cas12i^(Max)in the field of animal trait improvement for agricultural production.
