BACKGROUND:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is mostly to be used to treat various diseases of motor disorders,whereas its effect on muscle spasm after stroke and brain injury needs further observation.OBJECTIVE:To observe...BACKGROUND:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is mostly to be used to treat various diseases of motor disorders,whereas its effect on muscle spasm after stroke and brain injury needs further observation.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of BTX-A plus rehabilitative training on treating muscle spasm after stroke and brain injury.DESIGN:A randomized controlled observation.SETTINGS:Department of Rehabilitation,Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery,the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University.PARTICIPANTS:Sixty inpatients with brain injury and stroke were selected from the Department of Rehabilitation,Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery,the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2001 to August 2006.They were all confirmed by CT and MRI,and had obvious increase of spastic muscle strength in upper limbs,their Ashworth grades were grade 2 or above.The patients were randomly divided into treatment group(n=30)and control group(n=30).METHODS:①Patients in the treatment group undertook comprehensive rehabilitative trainings,and they were administrated with domestic BTX-A,which was provided by Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products,Ministry of Health(S10970037),and the muscles of flexion spasm were selected for upper limbs,20-25 IU for each site.②Patients in the treatment group were assessed before injection and at 1 and 2 weeks,1 and 3 months after injection respectively,and those in the control group were assessed at corresponding time points.The recovery of muscle spasm was assessed by modified Ashworth scale(MAS,grade 0-Ⅳ;Grade 0 for without increase of muscle strength;GradeⅣfor rigidity at passive flexion and extension);The recovery of motor function of the upper limbs was evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA,total score was 226 points,including 100 for exercise,14 for balance,24 for sense,44 for joint motion,44 for pain and 66 for upper limb);The ADL were evaluated with Barthel index,the total score was 100 points,60 for mild dysfunction,60-41 for moderate dysfunction,<40 for severe dysfunction).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes of MAS grade,FMA scores and Barthel index before and after BTX-A injection.RESULTS:All the 60 patients with brain injury and stroke were involved in the analysis of results.①FMA scores of upper limbs:The FMA score in the treatment group at 2 weeks after treatment was higher than that before treatment[(14.98±10.14),(13.10±9.28)points,P<0.05],whereas there was no significant difference at corresponding time point in the control group.The FMA scores at 1 and 3 months in the treatment group[(23.36±10.69),(35.36±11.36)points]were higher than those in the control group[(20.55±10.22),(30.33±10.96)points,P<0.01].②MAS grades of upper limbs:There were obviously fewer cases of gradeⅢin MAS at 2 weeks after treatment than before treatment in the treatment group(0,9 cases,P<0.05),whereas there was no obvious difference in the control group.There were obviously fewer cases of gradeⅢin MAS at 2 weeks and 1 month after treatment in the treatment group(0,0 case)than the control group(5,2 cases,P<0.01).③Barthel index of upper limbs:The Barthel index at 2 weeks after treatment was higher than that before treatment in the treatment group[(30.36±22.25),(28.22±26.21)points,P<0.05],whereas there was no significant difference in the control group.The Barthel indexes at 1 and 3 months after treatment in the treatment group were obviously higher than those in the control group[(20.55±10.22),(30.33±10.96)points,P<0.01].CONCLUSION:BTX-A has obvious efficacy on decreasing muscle tension after stroke and brain injury,and relieving muscle spasm;Meanwhile,the combination with rehabilitative training can effectively ameliorate the motor function of upper limbs and ADL of the patients.展开更多
Four “cuajada” type fresh cheeses were evaluated by two trained panels in different regions from Oaxaca in Mexico (Instituto Tecnológico de Comitancillo (ITC) and Universidad del Mar (UMAR)). Each panel was int...Four “cuajada” type fresh cheeses were evaluated by two trained panels in different regions from Oaxaca in Mexico (Instituto Tecnológico de Comitancillo (ITC) and Universidad del Mar (UMAR)). Each panel was integrated by six judges. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA) and the Rv coefficient were used to identify similarities and consensus among trained judges and panels. The ANOVA results revealed that the judges from ITC performed significantly better (P < 0.05) in discrimination and repetitivity, while both panels showed a similar effect in discrimination. The PCA determined some similarities in the position of cheeses in the sensory space, while Rv revealed that judges and panels were consensual. In conclusion, statistical resources determined that both panels were discriminating and that similarities in the positioning of cheeses in the sensory space were found.展开更多
Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;...Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.展开更多
In this paper liner English compound talents training theories,on the basis of the combination of education practice,from cruise English talents for specification and different types of education personnel training mo...In this paper liner English compound talents training theories,on the basis of the combination of education practice,from cruise English talents for specification and different types of education personnel training mode,course system,etc.,as the standard of cruise English teaching and cruise the bilingual teaching of higher vocational cruise English compound talents training mode,and analyzes the effect of the training mode and deficiencies.展开更多
基金a grant from the Tackle Key Problem and Planning Projectin Science and Technology of Hebei Province,No.052761224
文摘BACKGROUND:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is mostly to be used to treat various diseases of motor disorders,whereas its effect on muscle spasm after stroke and brain injury needs further observation.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of BTX-A plus rehabilitative training on treating muscle spasm after stroke and brain injury.DESIGN:A randomized controlled observation.SETTINGS:Department of Rehabilitation,Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery,the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University.PARTICIPANTS:Sixty inpatients with brain injury and stroke were selected from the Department of Rehabilitation,Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery,the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2001 to August 2006.They were all confirmed by CT and MRI,and had obvious increase of spastic muscle strength in upper limbs,their Ashworth grades were grade 2 or above.The patients were randomly divided into treatment group(n=30)and control group(n=30).METHODS:①Patients in the treatment group undertook comprehensive rehabilitative trainings,and they were administrated with domestic BTX-A,which was provided by Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products,Ministry of Health(S10970037),and the muscles of flexion spasm were selected for upper limbs,20-25 IU for each site.②Patients in the treatment group were assessed before injection and at 1 and 2 weeks,1 and 3 months after injection respectively,and those in the control group were assessed at corresponding time points.The recovery of muscle spasm was assessed by modified Ashworth scale(MAS,grade 0-Ⅳ;Grade 0 for without increase of muscle strength;GradeⅣfor rigidity at passive flexion and extension);The recovery of motor function of the upper limbs was evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA,total score was 226 points,including 100 for exercise,14 for balance,24 for sense,44 for joint motion,44 for pain and 66 for upper limb);The ADL were evaluated with Barthel index,the total score was 100 points,60 for mild dysfunction,60-41 for moderate dysfunction,<40 for severe dysfunction).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes of MAS grade,FMA scores and Barthel index before and after BTX-A injection.RESULTS:All the 60 patients with brain injury and stroke were involved in the analysis of results.①FMA scores of upper limbs:The FMA score in the treatment group at 2 weeks after treatment was higher than that before treatment[(14.98±10.14),(13.10±9.28)points,P<0.05],whereas there was no significant difference at corresponding time point in the control group.The FMA scores at 1 and 3 months in the treatment group[(23.36±10.69),(35.36±11.36)points]were higher than those in the control group[(20.55±10.22),(30.33±10.96)points,P<0.01].②MAS grades of upper limbs:There were obviously fewer cases of gradeⅢin MAS at 2 weeks after treatment than before treatment in the treatment group(0,9 cases,P<0.05),whereas there was no obvious difference in the control group.There were obviously fewer cases of gradeⅢin MAS at 2 weeks and 1 month after treatment in the treatment group(0,0 case)than the control group(5,2 cases,P<0.01).③Barthel index of upper limbs:The Barthel index at 2 weeks after treatment was higher than that before treatment in the treatment group[(30.36±22.25),(28.22±26.21)points,P<0.05],whereas there was no significant difference in the control group.The Barthel indexes at 1 and 3 months after treatment in the treatment group were obviously higher than those in the control group[(20.55±10.22),(30.33±10.96)points,P<0.01].CONCLUSION:BTX-A has obvious efficacy on decreasing muscle tension after stroke and brain injury,and relieving muscle spasm;Meanwhile,the combination with rehabilitative training can effectively ameliorate the motor function of upper limbs and ADL of the patients.
文摘Four “cuajada” type fresh cheeses were evaluated by two trained panels in different regions from Oaxaca in Mexico (Instituto Tecnológico de Comitancillo (ITC) and Universidad del Mar (UMAR)). Each panel was integrated by six judges. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA) and the Rv coefficient were used to identify similarities and consensus among trained judges and panels. The ANOVA results revealed that the judges from ITC performed significantly better (P < 0.05) in discrimination and repetitivity, while both panels showed a similar effect in discrimination. The PCA determined some similarities in the position of cheeses in the sensory space, while Rv revealed that judges and panels were consensual. In conclusion, statistical resources determined that both panels were discriminating and that similarities in the positioning of cheeses in the sensory space were found.
文摘Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.
文摘In this paper liner English compound talents training theories,on the basis of the combination of education practice,from cruise English talents for specification and different types of education personnel training mode,course system,etc.,as the standard of cruise English teaching and cruise the bilingual teaching of higher vocational cruise English compound talents training mode,and analyzes the effect of the training mode and deficiencies.
