Impairments on body function,activities of daily living(ADL)and cognition are common after stroke.Eccentric resistance training(ERT)may be implemented to improve them.The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ER...Impairments on body function,activities of daily living(ADL)and cognition are common after stroke.Eccentric resistance training(ERT)may be implemented to improve them.The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function,ADL and cognition after stroke.The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength,gait,quality of life,and self-perceived health.Seven electronic databases were searched:Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register,PubMed,Epistemonikos,Embase,SPORTDiscus,and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.Last search was run in December 2023,including studies since 2012.Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes,aged 18 or more,with an intervention based on ERT.Accepted languages were English,Spanish or French.First search was done in pairs.Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts.Finally,all authors,independently,screened the final search results and extracted data.Of 68 records identified,15 were eligible and 6 were finally included(with moderate risk of bias),analyzing 159 participants.Body function(4 interventions,n=84),gait(4 interventions,n=115)and strength(3 interventions,n?78)showed significantly better results when ERT was performed.Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function,strength,and gait after stroke.Besides,no harm was documented,and it was well-accepted.展开更多
Objectives:To investigate the impact of a supervised bloodflow restriction(BFR)training program performed at different times of the morning on body composition and muscle performance in older,inactive adults.Methods:A...Objectives:To investigate the impact of a supervised bloodflow restriction(BFR)training program performed at different times of the morning on body composition and muscle performance in older,inactive adults.Methods:A single-arm intervention of supervised BFR resistance training was performed three times per week for six weeks.Participants(n=24;aged 65+years)were categorized into early morning(n=13;05:00–08:59)or late morning(n=11;09:00–12:00)groups.Primary outcomes were changes in body composition,total work,average peak power,average peak torque,muscle strength,and physical function.Results:Mixed model analysis of variance revealed a significant within-subject effect of time for all strength measures(p ranging from 0.017 to<0.001)and some physical function measures including the 30 s chair stand test,30 s bicep curl test,and grip strength(p ranging from 0.015 to<0.001).No between-group or time by group interaction effect was observed for all outcomes.Conclusions:This study showed that only six weeks of BFR training,performed at different time of the morning,did not enhance muscle mass and performance,but provided similar changes in muscle strength and some physical function tests in older adults.展开更多
Typically,seat or floor acceleration is used to evaluate the ride comfort of a high-speed train.However,the dynamic performance of the human body significantly differs from that of the floor.Therefore,using the car bo...Typically,seat or floor acceleration is used to evaluate the ride comfort of a high-speed train.However,the dynamic performance of the human body significantly differs from that of the floor.Therefore,using the car body floor and seat accelerations to calculate the ride comfort index of a high-speed train may not reflect the true feelings of passengers.In this study,a 3D human-seat-vehicle-track coupling model was established to investigate the ride comfort of highspeed train passengers.The seated human model,which considers the longitudinal,lateral,vertical,pitching,yawing,and rolling motions,comprises the head,upper torso,lower torso,pelvis,thighs,and shanks.The model parameters were determined using multi-axis excitation measurement data based on a genetic algorithm.Subsequently,the applicability of the small-angle assumption and natural modes of the human model is analyzed.Using the coupling system model,the vibration characteristics of the human-seat interaction surface were analyzed.The ride comfort of the high-speed train and human body dynamic performance were analyzed under normal conditions,track geometric irregularities and train meeting conditions.The results showed that the passenger seats in the front and rear rows adjacent to the window had a higher acceleration value than the others.The human backrest and seat pad connection points have higher vibration amplitudes than the car body floor in the human-sensitive frequency range,indicating that using the acceleration values on the floor may underestimate the discomfort of passengers.The ride comfort of high-speed trains diminishes in the presence of track geometric irregularities and when trains pass each other.When the excitation frequency of track geometry irregularities approached the natural frequency of the human-seat-vehicle system,ride comfort in high-speed trains decreased significantly.Moreover,using seat acceleration to evaluate passenger ride comfort overlooks the vibration characteristics of the human body.The transient aerodynamic force generated when the train meets can cause a larger car body roll and lateral motion at 2 Hz,which,in turn,decreases the passenger ride comfort.This study presents a detailed human-seat-vehicle-track coupling system that can reflect a passenger’s dynamic performance under complex operating conditions.展开更多
The mechanism underlying body weight support treadmill training in elderly hemiplegic stroke patients is largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the changes of cortical blood flow in seven elderly patients with...The mechanism underlying body weight support treadmill training in elderly hemiplegic stroke patients is largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the changes of cortical blood flow in seven elderly patients with post-stroke hemiplegia before and after body weight support treadmill training by semi-quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow assessed by single photon emission computed tomography. Body weight support treadmill training for 6 months was effective in improving cerebral blood flow and promoting the walking speed and balance recovery in elderly patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.展开更多
Walking is the most basic and essential part of the activities of daily living. To enable the elderly and non-ambulatory gait-impaired patients, the repetitive practice of this task, a novel gait training robot(GTR) w...Walking is the most basic and essential part of the activities of daily living. To enable the elderly and non-ambulatory gait-impaired patients, the repetitive practice of this task, a novel gait training robot(GTR) was designed followed the end-effector principle, and an active partial body weight support(PBWS) system was introduced to facilitate successful gait training. For successful establishment of a walking gait on the GTR with PBWS, the motion laws of the GTR were planned to enable the phase distribution relationships of the cycle step, and the center of gravity(COG) trajectory of the human body during gait training on the GTR was measured. A coordinated control strategy was proposed based on the impedance control principle. A robotic prototype was developed as a platform for evaluating the design concepts and control strategies. Preliminary gait training with a healthy subject was implemented by the robotic-assisted gait training system and the experimental results are encouraging.展开更多
Q345B carbon steel as well as Q450NQR1 and S500AW weathering steels were subjected to outdoor exposure corrosion tests in coal environments and indoor periodic immersion accelerated corrosion tests with a simulated co...Q345B carbon steel as well as Q450NQR1 and S500AW weathering steels were subjected to outdoor exposure corrosion tests in coal environments and indoor periodic immersion accelerated corrosion tests with a simulated coal leaching solution.The corrosion kinetics were studied by the weight loss method,and the corrosion morphology and corrosion product composition were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.Afterward,correlation analysis of the indoor and outdoor tests was carried out by the gray correlation analysis method.The results show that the relationship between the corrosion weight loss and corrosion time of the three steels conforms to follow the exponent power law.In particular,Q450NQR1 steel has the best corrosion resistance.The types of corrosion products and the distribution of elements in the rust layer of the three steels are similar in the indoor and outdoor tests.The gray correlation degrees of the three steels in the indoor and outdoor tests are all greater than 0.6;thus,the two corrosion tests have a good correlation.Based on this,the accelerated simulation test method of the coal leaching solution is determined,and life prediction models of three steels in coal leaching solution are established to simulate the corrosion of the bottom board and side board.展开更多
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two types of high intensity interval training （HIIT） on body mass and physiological indexes in inactive female students. 27 inactive female students （mean age 24....The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two types of high intensity interval training （HIIT） on body mass and physiological indexes in inactive female students. 27 inactive female students （mean age 24.81 ±0.66 yr, height 162.09 ±0.67 cm, weight 59.41 ±0.33 kg） were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to three groups （each group = 9 subjects） of high intensity interval training （type I）, high intensity interval training （type 2） and control. HIIT （type 1） （8 seconds of sprint running and 12 seconds of active recovery） was performed for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 6-9 min. per session with above 90% maxHR. HIlT （type 2） （40-m shuttle run test with maximum speed） was performed with above 90% max HR while the control group did not participate in any training. Data analysis with dependent t test showed that HIIT （type 1） and HIlT （type 2） significantly increased VO2max while they decreased fat percentage and BMI. The intergroup data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at P 〈 0.05. The results showed a significant difference among HIlT （type 1）, HIIT （type 2） and control groups in VO2max, BMI and fat percentage.展开更多
Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesit...Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesity drug alone or combined with exercise training on body weight,body fat,fat-free mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese patients were retrieved from Pubmed and EMBASE up to May 2024.Risk of bias assessment was performed with RoB 2.0,and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence(CoE)of each main outcome.We included four publications summing up 202 patients.Two publications used orlistat as an anti-obesity drug treatment,while the other two adopted GLP-1 receptor agonist(liraglutide or tirzepatide)as a pharmacotherapy for weight management.Orlistat combined with exercise was superior to change body weight(mean difference(MD):−2.27 kg;95%CI:−2.86 to−1.69;CoE:very low),fat mass(MD:−2.89;95%CI:−3.87 to−1.91;CoE:very low),fat-free mass(MD:0.56;95%CI:0.40–0.72;CoE:very low),and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.64;95%CI:2.52–2.76;CoE:very low).GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs combined with exercise had a great effect on body weight(MD:−3.96 kg;95%CI:−5.07 to−2.85;CoE:low),fat mass(MD:−1.76;95%CI:−2.24 to−1.27;CoE:low),fat-free mass(MD:0.50;95%CI:−0.98 to 1.98;CoE:very low)and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.47;95%CI:1.31–3.63;CoE:very low).The results reported here suggest that exercise training remains an important approach in weight management when combined with pharmacological treatment.展开更多
脑性瘫痪(CP)是儿童期常见的中枢性运动障碍疾病,常伴随痉挛、骨密度降低及肌肉无力等问题,严重影响患儿生活质量。全身振动(WBV)作为一种无创、易操作及高依从性的康复治疗手段,已在临床中广泛应用。大量临床研究证实了WBV治疗的有效性...脑性瘫痪(CP)是儿童期常见的中枢性运动障碍疾病,常伴随痉挛、骨密度降低及肌肉无力等问题,严重影响患儿生活质量。全身振动(WBV)作为一种无创、易操作及高依从性的康复治疗手段,已在临床中广泛应用。大量临床研究证实了WBV治疗的有效性,但其治疗机制尚未完全阐明。本文旨在系统综述WBV对CP患儿痉挛、骨密度、肌力、平衡及步行能力等方面的临床疗效,并深入探讨其潜在的治疗机制,以期为WBV在CP患儿康复中的应用提供更加科学的理论指导。检索PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI等数据库有关WBV对CP患儿康复治疗或治疗机制的中英文文献,检索时限自建库至2025年。结果表明,WBV可有效改善CP患儿的痉挛、提升骨密度和肌力及增强其平衡控制与步行能力,其作用机制涉及振动悖论与突触前抑制等神经调节,骨形成与骨吸收平衡的调节,振动刺激所诱发的肌肉反射以及肌肉适应性改变,以及本体感觉输入和步行效率的增强。可见,WBV是CP患儿康复中安全有效的辅助治疗手段,未来仍需开展更多研究,进一步明确其机制路径及最佳WBV参数组合方案。展开更多
Prostate cancer （PCa） is the most common visceral malignancy in men with androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） the preferred therapy to suppress testosterone production and hence tumor growth. Despite its effectivene...Prostate cancer （PCa） is the most common visceral malignancy in men with androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） the preferred therapy to suppress testosterone production and hence tumor growth. Despite its effectiveness in lowering testosterone, ADT is associated with side effects including loss of muscle mass, diminished muscle strength, decrements in physical performance, earlier fatigue and declining quality of life. This review reports a survey of the literature with a focus on changes in muscle strength, physical function and body composition, due to short-term and long-term ADT. Studies in these areas are sparse, especially well-controlled, prospective randomized trials. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data （up to 2 years） for men with PCa treated with ADT as well as patients with PCa not receiving ADT and age-matched healthy men are presented when available. Based on limited longitudinal data, the adverse effects of ADT on muscle function, physical performance and body composition occur shortly after the onset of ADT and tend to persist and worsen over time. Exercise training is a safe and effective intervention for mitigating these changes and initial guidelines for exercise program design for men with PCa have been published by the American College of Sports Medicine. Disparities in study duration, types of studies and other patient-specific variables such as time since diagnosis, cancer stage and comorbidities may all affect an understanding of the influence of ADT on health, physical performance and mortality.展开更多
Objective:To compare the clinical effects of body acupuncture,moxibustion,and body acupuncture plus moxibustion in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder hand syndrome(SHS).Methods:A total of 90 SHS patients after stro...Objective:To compare the clinical effects of body acupuncture,moxibustion,and body acupuncture plus moxibustion in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder hand syndrome(SHS).Methods:A total of 90 SHS patients after stroke were randomly divided into the body acupuncture group,the moxibustion group,and the body acupuncture plus moxibustion group,with 30 cases in each.On the basis of rehabilitation and routine treatment,the patients in different groups were treated with body acupuncture,moxibustion,and body acupuncture plus moxibustion respectively.Treatment was given once a day,5 times a week,and 4 weeks in all.The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,edema grading scores,and simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA)scores were evaluated before and after treatment,and the therapeutic effects of patients were evaluated as well.Results:After treatment,the VAS and edema grading scores of the three groups were all lower and the FMA scores were all higher than those before treatment,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The VAS and edema grading scores of the acupuncture plus moxibustion group were lower and the FMA score was higher than those of the body acupuncture group and the moxibustion group,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The total effective rate of the acupuncture plus moxibustion group was 96.7%,higher than 80.0%of the body acupuncture group and 83.3%of the moxibustion group,with statistically significant differences(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Body acupuncture,moxibustion,and body acupuncture plus moxibustion are all effective for post-stroke SHS,while the effect of acupuncture plus moxibustion is the best in relieving the pain and swelling,and improving effectively the joint movement of post-stroke SHS patients,which should be popularized in clinical practice.展开更多
In view of the problem that it＇s difficult to accurately grasp the influence range and transmission path of the vehicle top design requirements on the underlying design parameters. Applying directed-weighted complex ...In view of the problem that it＇s difficult to accurately grasp the influence range and transmission path of the vehicle top design requirements on the underlying design parameters. Applying directed-weighted complex network to product parameter model is an important method that can clarify the relationships between product parameters and establish the top-down design of a product. The relationships of the product parameters of each node are calculated via a simple path searching algorithm, and the main design parameters are extracted by analysis and comparison. A uniform definition of the index formula for out-in degree can be provided based on the analysis of out- in-degree width and depth and control strength of train carriage body parameters. Vehicle gauge, axle load, crosswind and other parameters with higher values of the out-degree index are the most important boundary condi- tions; the most considerable performance indices are the parameters that have higher values of the out-in-degree index including torsional stiffness, maximum testing speed, service life of the vehicle, and so on; the main design parameters contain train carriage body weight, train weight per extended metre, train height and other parameters with higher values of the in-degree index. The network not only provides theoretical guidance for exploring the relationship of design parameters, but also further enriches the appli- cation of forward design method to high-speed trains.展开更多
BACKGROUND Knee joint pain and stiffness are the two main symptoms of knee osteoarthritis(OA)and thus restrict a patient’s activities,such as walking and walking up and downstairs.The lower body positive pressure(LBP...BACKGROUND Knee joint pain and stiffness are the two main symptoms of knee osteoarthritis(OA)and thus restrict a patient’s activities,such as walking and walking up and downstairs.The lower body positive pressure(LBPP)treadmill as one of the emerging body weight support system devices brings new hope for exerciserelated rehabilitation for knee OA patients.AIM To investigate the biomechanical effects and the subjective clinical assessment of LBPP treadmill walking exercise when compared with conventional therapy in mild to moderate knee OA patients.METHODS Eighteen patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA were recruited in this randomized controlled trial(RCT)study.The eligible knee OA patients were randomly assigned to two groups:LBPP and control groups.The patients in the LBPP group performed an LBPP walking training program for 30 min/session per day,6 d per week for 2 wk whereas the patients in the control group performed walking on the ground for the same amount.All patients underwent clinical assessments and three-dimensional gait analysis at pre-and 2-wk post-treatment.RESULTS The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and visual analog scale scores in both the LBPP group and control group were found to decrease significantly at the post-treatment point than the pre-treatment point(LBPP:70.25±13.93 vs 40.50±11.86;3.88±0.99 vs 1.63±0.52;control:69.20±8.88 vs 48.10±8.67;3.80±0.79 vs 2.60±0.70,P<0.001).Moreover,compared with the control group,the LBPP group showed more improvements in walking speed(P=0.007),stride length(P=0.037),and knee range of motion(P=0.048)during walking,which represented more improvement in walking ability.CONCLUSION The results of our RCT study showed that the LBPP group has a greater effect on improving gait parameters than the conventional group,although there was no significant advantage in clinical assessment.This finding indicates that LBPP treadmill walking training might be an effective approach for alleviating pain symptoms and improving lower extremity locomotion in mild to moderate knee OA patients.展开更多
The aim of the study was to investigate associations between psychological and biological changes due to resistance training in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Subjects were randomized into maximal (MRT)...The aim of the study was to investigate associations between psychological and biological changes due to resistance training in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Subjects were randomized into maximal (MRT) versus endurance resistance training (ERT) groups. Intervention periods lasted four months. All subjects had blood work that suggested IGT at the initial screening. The ERT acted as a wait-list control group when the MRT performed their training. Baseline scores on general life satisfaction (LISAT) and sense of humor (SHQ-6: a positive coping resources) were obtained. Potential differences between groups (types of intervention and intervention versus control) were investigated by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Correlations were calculated in each group to estimate the degree of covariance between biological and psychological changes from pre- to post-intervention by Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Sense of humor tended to be correlated with a positive reduction of insulin following MRT as well as with reduction in body fat following ERT. Differences across the intervention groups in changes from pre- to post-training in biological variables (glucose, insulin, muscle mass, and corrected percentage of fat) as well as psychological variables (general life satisfaction and sense of humor) were not significant, whereas differences in BMI and weight were significant. By investigating the intervention groups separately in comparison to the control group, the MRT revealed significant improvement by reduction in insulin, percentage of fat, BMI and weight. The ERT caused significant improvements for insulin and percentage of fat, while general life satisfaction had a significant negative development.展开更多
The onset of menopause elicits changes in body composition that negatively influence adipokine levels.Consequently,various health risk factors(e.g.,cardiovascular disease,osteoporosis,physical inactivity,obesity,arter...The onset of menopause elicits changes in body composition that negatively influence adipokine levels.Consequently,various health risk factors(e.g.,cardiovascular disease,osteoporosis,physical inactivity,obesity,arterial hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,sarcopenia)are influenced by adipokines due to changes in body composition after menopause.Thus,improvements in body composition are considered the primary influencer of adipokines.Though several therapeutic interventions(e.g.,medication,diet,meditation,exercise)are employed to target changes in body composition,resistance training appears to be more effective in positively improving body composition through changes in lean-muscle mass/fat-mass ratio.However,due to the lack of research,very little is known about adipokines'anti/inflammatory response in postmenopausal women after completing resistance training.Most resistance training studies in postmenopausal women have focused on leptin,adiponectin,and resistin,with limited research assessing other adipokines that are important in metabolic regulation and inflammatory processes.Additionally,the consistency of resistance training protocols as an intervention is not standardized or fully recognized.Therefore,the focus of this review is to establish a more comprehensive understanding of the benefits of resistance training on influencing adipokine levels based on changes to total body composition in postmenopausal women.展开更多
文摘Impairments on body function,activities of daily living(ADL)and cognition are common after stroke.Eccentric resistance training(ERT)may be implemented to improve them.The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function,ADL and cognition after stroke.The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength,gait,quality of life,and self-perceived health.Seven electronic databases were searched:Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register,PubMed,Epistemonikos,Embase,SPORTDiscus,and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.Last search was run in December 2023,including studies since 2012.Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes,aged 18 or more,with an intervention based on ERT.Accepted languages were English,Spanish or French.First search was done in pairs.Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts.Finally,all authors,independently,screened the final search results and extracted data.Of 68 records identified,15 were eligible and 6 were finally included(with moderate risk of bias),analyzing 159 participants.Body function(4 interventions,n=84),gait(4 interventions,n=115)and strength(3 interventions,n?78)showed significantly better results when ERT was performed.Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function,strength,and gait after stroke.Besides,no harm was documented,and it was well-accepted.
基金Public Health Agency of Canada:Healthy Seniors Pilot Project(project number:C0089).
文摘Objectives:To investigate the impact of a supervised bloodflow restriction(BFR)training program performed at different times of the morning on body composition and muscle performance in older,inactive adults.Methods:A single-arm intervention of supervised BFR resistance training was performed three times per week for six weeks.Participants(n=24;aged 65+years)were categorized into early morning(n=13;05:00–08:59)or late morning(n=11;09:00–12:00)groups.Primary outcomes were changes in body composition,total work,average peak power,average peak torque,muscle strength,and physical function.Results:Mixed model analysis of variance revealed a significant within-subject effect of time for all strength measures(p ranging from 0.017 to<0.001)and some physical function measures including the 30 s chair stand test,30 s bicep curl test,and grip strength(p ranging from 0.015 to<0.001).No between-group or time by group interaction effect was observed for all outcomes.Conclusions:This study showed that only six weeks of BFR training,performed at different time of the morning,did not enhance muscle mass and performance,but provided similar changes in muscle strength and some physical function tests in older adults.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1934203)Research and Development Project of Science and Technology of China Railway Corporation(Grant No.P2023T002)。
文摘Typically,seat or floor acceleration is used to evaluate the ride comfort of a high-speed train.However,the dynamic performance of the human body significantly differs from that of the floor.Therefore,using the car body floor and seat accelerations to calculate the ride comfort index of a high-speed train may not reflect the true feelings of passengers.In this study,a 3D human-seat-vehicle-track coupling model was established to investigate the ride comfort of highspeed train passengers.The seated human model,which considers the longitudinal,lateral,vertical,pitching,yawing,and rolling motions,comprises the head,upper torso,lower torso,pelvis,thighs,and shanks.The model parameters were determined using multi-axis excitation measurement data based on a genetic algorithm.Subsequently,the applicability of the small-angle assumption and natural modes of the human model is analyzed.Using the coupling system model,the vibration characteristics of the human-seat interaction surface were analyzed.The ride comfort of the high-speed train and human body dynamic performance were analyzed under normal conditions,track geometric irregularities and train meeting conditions.The results showed that the passenger seats in the front and rear rows adjacent to the window had a higher acceleration value than the others.The human backrest and seat pad connection points have higher vibration amplitudes than the car body floor in the human-sensitive frequency range,indicating that using the acceleration values on the floor may underestimate the discomfort of passengers.The ride comfort of high-speed trains diminishes in the presence of track geometric irregularities and when trains pass each other.When the excitation frequency of track geometry irregularities approached the natural frequency of the human-seat-vehicle system,ride comfort in high-speed trains decreased significantly.Moreover,using seat acceleration to evaluate passenger ride comfort overlooks the vibration characteristics of the human body.The transient aerodynamic force generated when the train meets can cause a larger car body roll and lateral motion at 2 Hz,which,in turn,decreases the passenger ride comfort.This study presents a detailed human-seat-vehicle-track coupling system that can reflect a passenger’s dynamic performance under complex operating conditions.
文摘The mechanism underlying body weight support treadmill training in elderly hemiplegic stroke patients is largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the changes of cortical blood flow in seven elderly patients with post-stroke hemiplegia before and after body weight support treadmill training by semi-quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow assessed by single photon emission computed tomography. Body weight support treadmill training for 6 months was effective in improving cerebral blood flow and promoting the walking speed and balance recovery in elderly patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.
基金Project(61175128) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2008AA040203) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘Walking is the most basic and essential part of the activities of daily living. To enable the elderly and non-ambulatory gait-impaired patients, the repetitive practice of this task, a novel gait training robot(GTR) was designed followed the end-effector principle, and an active partial body weight support(PBWS) system was introduced to facilitate successful gait training. For successful establishment of a walking gait on the GTR with PBWS, the motion laws of the GTR were planned to enable the phase distribution relationships of the cycle step, and the center of gravity(COG) trajectory of the human body during gait training on the GTR was measured. A coordinated control strategy was proposed based on the impedance control principle. A robotic prototype was developed as a platform for evaluating the design concepts and control strategies. Preliminary gait training with a healthy subject was implemented by the robotic-assisted gait training system and the experimental results are encouraging.
基金supported by the National Key ResearchandDevelopmentProgram.of China.(Grant,No.2017YFB0304602)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Metal Materials forMarine Equipment and Application(No.SKLMEA-K201908).
文摘Q345B carbon steel as well as Q450NQR1 and S500AW weathering steels were subjected to outdoor exposure corrosion tests in coal environments and indoor periodic immersion accelerated corrosion tests with a simulated coal leaching solution.The corrosion kinetics were studied by the weight loss method,and the corrosion morphology and corrosion product composition were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.Afterward,correlation analysis of the indoor and outdoor tests was carried out by the gray correlation analysis method.The results show that the relationship between the corrosion weight loss and corrosion time of the three steels conforms to follow the exponent power law.In particular,Q450NQR1 steel has the best corrosion resistance.The types of corrosion products and the distribution of elements in the rust layer of the three steels are similar in the indoor and outdoor tests.The gray correlation degrees of the three steels in the indoor and outdoor tests are all greater than 0.6;thus,the two corrosion tests have a good correlation.Based on this,the accelerated simulation test method of the coal leaching solution is determined,and life prediction models of three steels in coal leaching solution are established to simulate the corrosion of the bottom board and side board.
文摘The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two types of high intensity interval training （HIIT） on body mass and physiological indexes in inactive female students. 27 inactive female students （mean age 24.81 ±0.66 yr, height 162.09 ±0.67 cm, weight 59.41 ±0.33 kg） were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to three groups （each group = 9 subjects） of high intensity interval training （type I）, high intensity interval training （type 2） and control. HIIT （type 1） （8 seconds of sprint running and 12 seconds of active recovery） was performed for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 6-9 min. per session with above 90% maxHR. HIlT （type 2） （40-m shuttle run test with maximum speed） was performed with above 90% max HR while the control group did not participate in any training. Data analysis with dependent t test showed that HIIT （type 1） and HIlT （type 2） significantly increased VO2max while they decreased fat percentage and BMI. The intergroup data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at P 〈 0.05. The results showed a significant difference among HIlT （type 1）, HIIT （type 2） and control groups in VO2max, BMI and fat percentage.
基金supported by Brazilian agencies CAPES(Finance Code 001)CNPq through PQ productivity scholarship.
文摘Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesity drug alone or combined with exercise training on body weight,body fat,fat-free mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese patients were retrieved from Pubmed and EMBASE up to May 2024.Risk of bias assessment was performed with RoB 2.0,and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence(CoE)of each main outcome.We included four publications summing up 202 patients.Two publications used orlistat as an anti-obesity drug treatment,while the other two adopted GLP-1 receptor agonist(liraglutide or tirzepatide)as a pharmacotherapy for weight management.Orlistat combined with exercise was superior to change body weight(mean difference(MD):−2.27 kg;95%CI:−2.86 to−1.69;CoE:very low),fat mass(MD:−2.89;95%CI:−3.87 to−1.91;CoE:very low),fat-free mass(MD:0.56;95%CI:0.40–0.72;CoE:very low),and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.64;95%CI:2.52–2.76;CoE:very low).GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs combined with exercise had a great effect on body weight(MD:−3.96 kg;95%CI:−5.07 to−2.85;CoE:low),fat mass(MD:−1.76;95%CI:−2.24 to−1.27;CoE:low),fat-free mass(MD:0.50;95%CI:−0.98 to 1.98;CoE:very low)and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.47;95%CI:1.31–3.63;CoE:very low).The results reported here suggest that exercise training remains an important approach in weight management when combined with pharmacological treatment.
文摘脑性瘫痪(CP)是儿童期常见的中枢性运动障碍疾病,常伴随痉挛、骨密度降低及肌肉无力等问题,严重影响患儿生活质量。全身振动(WBV)作为一种无创、易操作及高依从性的康复治疗手段,已在临床中广泛应用。大量临床研究证实了WBV治疗的有效性,但其治疗机制尚未完全阐明。本文旨在系统综述WBV对CP患儿痉挛、骨密度、肌力、平衡及步行能力等方面的临床疗效,并深入探讨其潜在的治疗机制,以期为WBV在CP患儿康复中的应用提供更加科学的理论指导。检索PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI等数据库有关WBV对CP患儿康复治疗或治疗机制的中英文文献,检索时限自建库至2025年。结果表明,WBV可有效改善CP患儿的痉挛、提升骨密度和肌力及增强其平衡控制与步行能力,其作用机制涉及振动悖论与突触前抑制等神经调节,骨形成与骨吸收平衡的调节,振动刺激所诱发的肌肉反射以及肌肉适应性改变,以及本体感觉输入和步行效率的增强。可见,WBV是CP患儿康复中安全有效的辅助治疗手段,未来仍需开展更多研究,进一步明确其机制路径及最佳WBV参数组合方案。
文摘Prostate cancer （PCa） is the most common visceral malignancy in men with androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） the preferred therapy to suppress testosterone production and hence tumor growth. Despite its effectiveness in lowering testosterone, ADT is associated with side effects including loss of muscle mass, diminished muscle strength, decrements in physical performance, earlier fatigue and declining quality of life. This review reports a survey of the literature with a focus on changes in muscle strength, physical function and body composition, due to short-term and long-term ADT. Studies in these areas are sparse, especially well-controlled, prospective randomized trials. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data （up to 2 years） for men with PCa treated with ADT as well as patients with PCa not receiving ADT and age-matched healthy men are presented when available. Based on limited longitudinal data, the adverse effects of ADT on muscle function, physical performance and body composition occur shortly after the onset of ADT and tend to persist and worsen over time. Exercise training is a safe and effective intervention for mitigating these changes and initial guidelines for exercise program design for men with PCa have been published by the American College of Sports Medicine. Disparities in study duration, types of studies and other patient-specific variables such as time since diagnosis, cancer stage and comorbidities may all affect an understanding of the influence of ADT on health, physical performance and mortality.
基金Supported by Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First-class Discipline Opening Fund Project:2018 ZYXO8Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Program-Innovation Platform and Talent Program:2017 RS3052Hunan Academician Expert Work Station(Shi Xue-min)Open Fund:2018 YSZJJ02。
文摘Objective:To compare the clinical effects of body acupuncture,moxibustion,and body acupuncture plus moxibustion in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder hand syndrome(SHS).Methods:A total of 90 SHS patients after stroke were randomly divided into the body acupuncture group,the moxibustion group,and the body acupuncture plus moxibustion group,with 30 cases in each.On the basis of rehabilitation and routine treatment,the patients in different groups were treated with body acupuncture,moxibustion,and body acupuncture plus moxibustion respectively.Treatment was given once a day,5 times a week,and 4 weeks in all.The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,edema grading scores,and simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA)scores were evaluated before and after treatment,and the therapeutic effects of patients were evaluated as well.Results:After treatment,the VAS and edema grading scores of the three groups were all lower and the FMA scores were all higher than those before treatment,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The VAS and edema grading scores of the acupuncture plus moxibustion group were lower and the FMA score was higher than those of the body acupuncture group and the moxibustion group,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The total effective rate of the acupuncture plus moxibustion group was 96.7%,higher than 80.0%of the body acupuncture group and 83.3%of the moxibustion group,with statistically significant differences(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Body acupuncture,moxibustion,and body acupuncture plus moxibustion are all effective for post-stroke SHS,while the effect of acupuncture plus moxibustion is the best in relieving the pain and swelling,and improving effectively the joint movement of post-stroke SHS patients,which should be popularized in clinical practice.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos51275432,51505390)Sichuan Provincial Application Foundation Projects of China(Grant No.2016JY0098)Independent Research Project of TPL(Grant No.TPL1501)
文摘In view of the problem that it＇s difficult to accurately grasp the influence range and transmission path of the vehicle top design requirements on the underlying design parameters. Applying directed-weighted complex network to product parameter model is an important method that can clarify the relationships between product parameters and establish the top-down design of a product. The relationships of the product parameters of each node are calculated via a simple path searching algorithm, and the main design parameters are extracted by analysis and comparison. A uniform definition of the index formula for out-in degree can be provided based on the analysis of out- in-degree width and depth and control strength of train carriage body parameters. Vehicle gauge, axle load, crosswind and other parameters with higher values of the out-degree index are the most important boundary condi- tions; the most considerable performance indices are the parameters that have higher values of the out-in-degree index including torsional stiffness, maximum testing speed, service life of the vehicle, and so on; the main design parameters contain train carriage body weight, train weight per extended metre, train height and other parameters with higher values of the in-degree index. The network not only provides theoretical guidance for exploring the relationship of design parameters, but also further enriches the appli- cation of forward design method to high-speed trains.
基金the Medical Ethics Association of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(No.KY01-2018-10-18).
文摘BACKGROUND Knee joint pain and stiffness are the two main symptoms of knee osteoarthritis(OA)and thus restrict a patient’s activities,such as walking and walking up and downstairs.The lower body positive pressure(LBPP)treadmill as one of the emerging body weight support system devices brings new hope for exerciserelated rehabilitation for knee OA patients.AIM To investigate the biomechanical effects and the subjective clinical assessment of LBPP treadmill walking exercise when compared with conventional therapy in mild to moderate knee OA patients.METHODS Eighteen patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA were recruited in this randomized controlled trial(RCT)study.The eligible knee OA patients were randomly assigned to two groups:LBPP and control groups.The patients in the LBPP group performed an LBPP walking training program for 30 min/session per day,6 d per week for 2 wk whereas the patients in the control group performed walking on the ground for the same amount.All patients underwent clinical assessments and three-dimensional gait analysis at pre-and 2-wk post-treatment.RESULTS The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and visual analog scale scores in both the LBPP group and control group were found to decrease significantly at the post-treatment point than the pre-treatment point(LBPP:70.25±13.93 vs 40.50±11.86;3.88±0.99 vs 1.63±0.52;control:69.20±8.88 vs 48.10±8.67;3.80±0.79 vs 2.60±0.70,P<0.001).Moreover,compared with the control group,the LBPP group showed more improvements in walking speed(P=0.007),stride length(P=0.037),and knee range of motion(P=0.048)during walking,which represented more improvement in walking ability.CONCLUSION The results of our RCT study showed that the LBPP group has a greater effect on improving gait parameters than the conventional group,although there was no significant advantage in clinical assessment.This finding indicates that LBPP treadmill walking training might be an effective approach for alleviating pain symptoms and improving lower extremity locomotion in mild to moderate knee OA patients.
文摘The aim of the study was to investigate associations between psychological and biological changes due to resistance training in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Subjects were randomized into maximal (MRT) versus endurance resistance training (ERT) groups. Intervention periods lasted four months. All subjects had blood work that suggested IGT at the initial screening. The ERT acted as a wait-list control group when the MRT performed their training. Baseline scores on general life satisfaction (LISAT) and sense of humor (SHQ-6: a positive coping resources) were obtained. Potential differences between groups (types of intervention and intervention versus control) were investigated by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Correlations were calculated in each group to estimate the degree of covariance between biological and psychological changes from pre- to post-intervention by Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Sense of humor tended to be correlated with a positive reduction of insulin following MRT as well as with reduction in body fat following ERT. Differences across the intervention groups in changes from pre- to post-training in biological variables (glucose, insulin, muscle mass, and corrected percentage of fat) as well as psychological variables (general life satisfaction and sense of humor) were not significant, whereas differences in BMI and weight were significant. By investigating the intervention groups separately in comparison to the control group, the MRT revealed significant improvement by reduction in insulin, percentage of fat, BMI and weight. The ERT caused significant improvements for insulin and percentage of fat, while general life satisfaction had a significant negative development.
文摘The onset of menopause elicits changes in body composition that negatively influence adipokine levels.Consequently,various health risk factors(e.g.,cardiovascular disease,osteoporosis,physical inactivity,obesity,arterial hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,sarcopenia)are influenced by adipokines due to changes in body composition after menopause.Thus,improvements in body composition are considered the primary influencer of adipokines.Though several therapeutic interventions(e.g.,medication,diet,meditation,exercise)are employed to target changes in body composition,resistance training appears to be more effective in positively improving body composition through changes in lean-muscle mass/fat-mass ratio.However,due to the lack of research,very little is known about adipokines'anti/inflammatory response in postmenopausal women after completing resistance training.Most resistance training studies in postmenopausal women have focused on leptin,adiponectin,and resistin,with limited research assessing other adipokines that are important in metabolic regulation and inflammatory processes.Additionally,the consistency of resistance training protocols as an intervention is not standardized or fully recognized.Therefore,the focus of this review is to establish a more comprehensive understanding of the benefits of resistance training on influencing adipokine levels based on changes to total body composition in postmenopausal women.
