A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which i...A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which influence the controller workload were determined. By establishing the classical field and node field of the controller workload, the correlation function of the controller workload grade was obtained; then the correlation degree and estimated grade of controller workload were given. A case study verifies the feasibility of the proposed evaluation method.展开更多
Objective Air-borne particulates from different sources could have different physicochemical properties and inflammatory potentials. This study aims to characterize the chemical compositions and the toxicity of ambien...Objective Air-borne particulates from different sources could have different physicochemical properties and inflammatory potentials. This study aims to characterize the chemical compositions and the toxicity of ambient particulate matter （PM） associated with traffic emissions. Methods The concentrations of trace elements, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in PM2.5 and PMlo were measured in samples collected at sites in Beijing, China. Their toxic effects on the pulmonary system of rats were investigated. Biochemical parameters （LDH, T-AOC, TP） and inflammatory cytokine（IL-6, IL-1, TNF-a） levels were measured in the lungs of rats exposed to traffic-related PM. Oxidative damage was observed. PM samples were taken from a near road site and an off road site in summer time in 2006. Results The concentrations of the USEPA priority pollutant PAHs in both PMlo and PM2.s were higher （299.658 and 348.412） at the near road site than those （237.728 and 268.472） at the off road site. The similar trend was observed for the concentrations of trace elements in PM. Compared to coarse particles （PM^0）, fine particles （PM2.s） have a greater adsorption capacity to enrich toxic elements than inhalable particles. Decrease in antioxidant capacity and an increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation products in rat lung tissues was observed. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that the differing inflammatory responses of PM collected from the two road sites might have been mediated by the differing physicochemical characteristics.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (60742117)
文摘A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which influence the controller workload were determined. By establishing the classical field and node field of the controller workload, the correlation function of the controller workload grade was obtained; then the correlation degree and estimated grade of controller workload were given. A case study verifies the feasibility of the proposed evaluation method.
基金supported by the China Environmental Protection Administration (200709048)
文摘Objective Air-borne particulates from different sources could have different physicochemical properties and inflammatory potentials. This study aims to characterize the chemical compositions and the toxicity of ambient particulate matter （PM） associated with traffic emissions. Methods The concentrations of trace elements, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in PM2.5 and PMlo were measured in samples collected at sites in Beijing, China. Their toxic effects on the pulmonary system of rats were investigated. Biochemical parameters （LDH, T-AOC, TP） and inflammatory cytokine（IL-6, IL-1, TNF-a） levels were measured in the lungs of rats exposed to traffic-related PM. Oxidative damage was observed. PM samples were taken from a near road site and an off road site in summer time in 2006. Results The concentrations of the USEPA priority pollutant PAHs in both PMlo and PM2.s were higher （299.658 and 348.412） at the near road site than those （237.728 and 268.472） at the off road site. The similar trend was observed for the concentrations of trace elements in PM. Compared to coarse particles （PM^0）, fine particles （PM2.s） have a greater adsorption capacity to enrich toxic elements than inhalable particles. Decrease in antioxidant capacity and an increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation products in rat lung tissues was observed. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that the differing inflammatory responses of PM collected from the two road sites might have been mediated by the differing physicochemical characteristics.
