In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience...In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience of digital trade in the face of external crises is an important topic.Taking the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction,this paper constructs a resilience index system for digital trade.It utilizes entropy method,kernel density estimation,and ArcGIS mapping to calculate and visually analyze the resilience of China’s digital trade from 2017 to 2021.Additionally,a Tobit model is constructed to explore the main influencing factors of digital trade resilience patterns.The research findings indicate:1)temporally,during the period of Sino-US trade friction,China’s digital trade resilience shows an overall upward trend,but there are regional differences in resilience levels across the country,with a severe polarization phenomenon.2)Spatially,high resilience is observed in the eastern and central regions of China,while the western and northeastern regions exhibit low resilience.3)From a dimensional perspective,the resistance of digital trade resilience displays a spatial distribution of high values in the east and low values in the west.The recovery force is aggregated along coastal areas,and the renewal force tends to aggregate along the eastern coastline.4)Factors such as economic scale,industrial structure,urbanization rate,government fiscal expenditure,and technological talents significantly promote the enhancement of digital trade resilience.This study reveals the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of digital trade resilience in responding to external shocks,providing theoretical basis and policy suggestions for enhancing digital trade resilience,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.展开更多
This paper empirically studies the impact mechanism of the depth of digital trade rules on China’s digital service trade exports and explores the improvement paths for China accordingly.Based on the transaction cost ...This paper empirically studies the impact mechanism of the depth of digital trade rules on China’s digital service trade exports and explores the improvement paths for China accordingly.Based on the transaction cost theory and other foundations,this paper systematically classifies rule provisions into four categories:access and facilitation,cross-border data flow,digital intellectual property rights,and privacy protection and data security.It also uses the gravity model of trade to quantitatively analyze 22 Regional Trade Agreements texts involving China.The empirical results show that:the depth of digital trade rules as a whole significantly promotes digital service trade exports;the core driving factors include the gap in digital infrastructure,differences in higher education levels,urbanization levels,and GDP gaps;all four categories of provisions show a significant positive impact,among which access and facilitation provisions have the most prominent promotional effect.Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the depth of rules has a significantly stronger promotional effect on trade partners in developed countries than in developing countries;sector-specific tests show that the financial services sector benefits the most,while the intellectual property sector is inhibited.Based on this,this paper proposes that China should actively participate in the construction of global rules,improve digital infrastructure,deepen the implementation of provisions,orderly expand opening-up in the digital field,strengthen intellectual property protection to balance innovation incentives and market expansion,and improve laws and regulations to ensure data security.展开更多
This paper employs the entropy method to measure the development level of digital trade across 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2022 and empirically investigates the impact of this digital trade devel...This paper employs the entropy method to measure the development level of digital trade across 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2022 and empirically investigates the impact of this digital trade development on export sophistication and the underlying mechanisms used.The results show that digital trade development significantly enhances export sophistication.Mechanism analysis suggests that this effect is primarily realized through the optimization of industrial structures and the enhancement of technological innovation capabilities.Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of digital trade development on export sophistication varies depending on geographical location,inclusion in urban agglomerations,and coastal status.These findings underscore the importance of comprehensively promoting digital trade development,fostering technological progress and innovation,and continuously upgrading industrial structures to provide new pathways for enhancing export sophistication.展开更多
Against the backdrop of profound reshaping of the current international landscape and the unprecedentedly rapid iteration of digital technologies,the global digital economy landscape and international trade rule syste...Against the backdrop of profound reshaping of the current international landscape and the unprecedentedly rapid iteration of digital technologies,the global digital economy landscape and international trade rule system are entering a new era full of changes.Digital trade rules have emerged as a prominent focus in this field.Firstly,through a comprehensive review of sample data such as the WTO e-commerce proposals under the current multilateral framework,we can gain a profound insight into the negotiation practices of major economies regarding digital trade rules.In this context,China has demonstrated strong defensive interests in the“emerging”issues of digital trade,aiming to safeguard national data security and promote the healthy development of the digital economy.Therefore,when participating in the formulation of global digital trade rules,China needs to accurately strike a balance between offense and defense,contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions,and promote the construction of a fairer,more reasonable,and inclusive international digital trade governance system.展开更多
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has endowed the concept of state sovereignty with new era-specific connotations,leading to the emergence of the theory of data sovereignty.While countries refine their domestic legisla...The Fourth Industrial Revolution has endowed the concept of state sovereignty with new era-specific connotations,leading to the emergence of the theory of data sovereignty.While countries refine their domestic legislation to establish their data sovereignty,they are also actively engaging in the negotiation of cross-border data flow rules within international trade agreements to construct data sovereignty.During these negotiations,countries express differing regulatory claims,with some focusing on safeguarding sovereignty and protecting human rights,some prioritizing economic promotion and security assurance,and others targeting traditional and innovative digital trade barriers.These varied approaches reflect the tension between three pairs of values:collectivism and individualism,freedom and security,and tradition and innovation.Based on their distinct value pursuits,three representative models of data sovereignty construction have emerged globally.At the current juncture,when international rules for digital trade are still in their nascent stages,China should timely establish its data sovereignty rules,actively participate in global data sovereignty competition,and balance its sovereignty interests with other interests.Specifically,China should explore the scope of system-acceptable digital trade barriers through free trade zones;integrate domestic and international legal frameworks to ensure the alignment of China’s data governance legislation with its obligations under international trade agreements;and use the development of the“Digital Silk Road”as a starting point to prioritize the formation of digital trade rules with countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative,promoting the Chinese solutions internationally.展开更多
In the context of accelerated globalization and the rapid development of the digital economy,the scale of China's import and export trade continues to expand.Enhancing the international competitiveness of China...In the context of accelerated globalization and the rapid development of the digital economy,the scale of China's import and export trade continues to expand.Enhancing the international competitiveness of China's digital service trade is of significant importance.This article will analyze the current state of China's digital service trade development based on relevant theoretical concepts and provide a discussion on proposals for improving the international competitiveness of China's digital service trade,to offer a reference for the development of digital service trade in China.展开更多
Since the appointment of new appellate judges by the World Trade Organization(WTO)was banned in 2019,the paralysis of the appellate body has seriously damaged the Dispute Settlement Mechanism(DSM),leaving a gap in res...Since the appointment of new appellate judges by the World Trade Organization(WTO)was banned in 2019,the paralysis of the appellate body has seriously damaged the Dispute Settlement Mechanism(DSM),leaving a gap in resolving the escalating digital services trade disputes involving complex issues such as data flow and algorithm governance,and the existing WTO rules have failed to fully address these problems.Although MPIA offers a temporary alternative,its limited membership,uncertain executability,and untested applicability to new types of digital disputes make it inadequate.Meanwhile,the rising technological nationalism and fragmented regulations(such as the GDPR and the CLOUD Act)have exacerbated the global digital governance divide,marginalizing China and the countries in the Global South.This article analyzes the decline of DSM,highlighting the eroded rule predictability and legal fragmentation,and critically assesses the limitations of MPIA and the deficiencies of the traditional WTO framework in disputes such as data localization.A series of cases has revealed the trends of“pre-dispute governance”and unilateralism.In the face of this dual crisis,this article holds that China and the Global South must embark on a path of transformation from“system participants”to“system shapers,”rather than merely conforming.The strategies it explores include leveraging domestic regulations(such as data outbound security assessment),promoting regional cooperation(such as the mediation mechanism of RCEP),and advancing initiatives like the Global Data Security Initiative.This dual approach of maintaining“policy sovereignty”and establishing“compliance sovereignty”aims to ensure institutional autonomy,enhance rule-making capabilities,and establish a fairer,rule-based digital trade order in the context of DSM paralysis and regulatory fragmentation.展开更多
In the digital era,the free cross-border flow of data and the development of digital trade are complementary.Consequently,as an inherent demand for data privacy,trade liberalization is closely linked to the right to d...In the digital era,the free cross-border flow of data and the development of digital trade are complementary.Consequently,as an inherent demand for data privacy,trade liberalization is closely linked to the right to data privacy,and data privacy protection is increasingly becoming a trade issue.However,conflicting rule settings between the two create discrepancies and result in differing rule-making approaches.The concept of the right to data privacy provides guidance and evaluative functions for the development of trade liberalization,facilitating the healthy development of digital trade.It is appropriate to treat the interaction between trade liberalization and data privacy protection in a rational way and to place them within independent systems at this stage.Data localization measures are an effective way to balance digital trade liberalization with the right to data privacy.As a data privacy protection measure,data localization has legitimacy within the trade law framework.Looking ahead,to achieve a harmonious advancement of digital trade liberalization and protection of the right to data privacy,all parties should uphold the premise of the national regulatory autonomy,and respect the data localization measures adopted by countries based on their own national conditions and personal data protection considerations.展开更多
Society is currently transitioning from the era of informatization and digitization to the era of intelligence.Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and big data are permeating e...Society is currently transitioning from the era of informatization and digitization to the era of intelligence.Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and big data are permeating every aspect of production and life.This penetration presents a rare opportunity for the development of digital trade and catalyzes innovation in traditional trade patterns.This paper first analyzes the inevitability of digital trade development in Northeast Asia.Secondly,it delves into the challenges faced by digital trade development and explores in-depth the promotion strategy for digital trade’s impact on the economic development of the Northeast Asia region,providing insights from various perspectives for reference.展开更多
With the development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence,the cybersecurity issue is not only a complex technical problem but also a regulatory issue of laws and policies.The governments and the internat...With the development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence,the cybersecurity issue is not only a complex technical problem but also a regulatory issue of laws and policies.The governments and the international community have promulgated relevant laws and regulations to regulate cybersecurity.In recent times,the digital trade chapter of free trade agreements and certain digital trade agreements have also begun to stipulate specialized cybersecurity clauses,providing overall principles and obligations for digital trade,government capacity building,international operational cooperation,workforce cooperation,risk-based standards,and cybersecurity standards for the Internet of Things,etc.The cybersecurity provisions in existing digital trade agreements emphasize cooperation and consensus among contracting parties,and the rights of different types of enterprises.The cybersecurity provisions in China's digital trade agreements need to further keep up with the times.On the premise of emphasizing national security and digital sovereignty,a design draft that conforms to the concept of a community with a shared future in cyberspace and balances the interests of all stakeholders should be proposed to strengthen China's voice in the formulation of digital trade rules.展开更多
As a new economic form,China’s digital economy is reshaping the economic structure.The dig-ital industry and industrial digitalization are developing in a coordinated manner,with remark-able achievements in infrastru...As a new economic form,China’s digital economy is reshaping the economic structure.The dig-ital industry and industrial digitalization are developing in a coordinated manner,with remark-able achievements in infrastructure construction and obvious regional agglomeration characteristics.Trade in services shows a strong momentum,with expanding scale,optimized structure,and out-standing performance in knowledge-intensive services.This paper conducts research on how the digital economy empowers the high-quality development of China’s trade in services,analyzing the development status,action paths,restrictive factors,and countermeasures of both.The digital economy drives the digitalization of service trade transaction methods,breaking the time and space constraints of traditional models.At the same time,it promotes the digitalization of transaction objects,transforming service forms into data-based carriers and expanding trade boundaries.How-ever,in the process of the digital economy’s empowerment,there are problems such as shortcomings in infrastructure and technical support,insufficient adaptation between trade structure and digital transformation,and restrictions from international rules.In response to this,we should promote new digital infrastructure,optimize the trade structure,and strengthen international cooperation to drive the high-quality development of trade in services.展开更多
This study focuses on Shandong Province to examine the contribution of digital trade to inclu-sive green growth.The research reveals that digital trade has played a positive role in promoting economic growth,driving g...This study focuses on Shandong Province to examine the contribution of digital trade to inclu-sive green growth.The research reveals that digital trade has played a positive role in promoting economic growth,driving green development,and enhancing social inclusivity.In terms of eco-nomic growth,digital trade expands market boundaries,stimulates related industries,and improves trade efficiency and scale.Regarding green development,the application of digital technologies facilitates optimal resource allocation,reduces energy consumption and pollution from traditional trade,and promotes the growth of green industries.For social inclusivity enhancement,digital trade lowers participation barriers for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)and vulnerable groups while creating more employment and development opportunities.However,the study also highlights challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,insufficient innovation capabilities in digital technology,talent shortages,and incomplete regulatory frameworks.This research provides evi-dence for understanding the relationship between digital trade and inclusive green growth,offering decision-making references for governments to formulate policies that promote healthy digital trade development and achieve coordinated progress among economic,environmental,and social dimen-sions.展开更多
Under the dual pressures of global climate governance and the rapid expansion of cross-border digital trade,the apparel industry is facing a profound transformation in its regulatory environment.The European Union’s ...Under the dual pressures of global climate governance and the rapid expansion of cross-border digital trade,the apparel industry is facing a profound transformation in its regulatory environment.The European Union’s Green Deal,through instruments such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM),the Digital Product Passport(DPP),and the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation(PPWR),is reshaping the rules of market access and value distribution in cross-border e-commerce.Focusing on the apparel industry,this paper constructs a four-dimensional analytical framework—institutional pressure,platform governance,technology empowerment,and standard competition—to examine how green compliance requirements penetrate fragmented digital supply chains.By combining normative policy analysis with case studies of platforms,logistics providers,and fast-fashion brands,the study reveals that methodological divergence in carbon accounting and data asymmetries has evolved into hidden green trade barriers.The paper further proposes strategic coordination mechanisms at governmental,platform,and enterprise levels to facilitate international alignment and sustainable transformation of cross-border digital apparel trade.展开更多
This article investigates how the twin transitions of digitalisation and decarbonisation jointly reshape the logic of global trade by creating new confgurations of“green risk”in digital trade.It argues that digital ...This article investigates how the twin transitions of digitalisation and decarbonisation jointly reshape the logic of global trade by creating new confgurations of“green risk”in digital trade.It argues that digital trade is environmentally ambivalent:if guided only by efciency and speed,energy-intensive data infrastructures,fragmented cross-border logistics and proliferating e-waste can lock in high-carbon development paths.Drawing on Environmental Kuznets Curve reasoning,new institutional economics and the technology–organisation–environment framework,the study develops a system-oriented“Digital Trade–Environment–Regulation”(DTER)model that captures feedback loops between trade expansion,carbon emissions and regulatory responses.On this basis,it constructs a three-pillar regulatory architecture centred on cost internalisation,information transparency and algorithmic steering,and embeds it in a system dynamics simulation framework.Scenario analysis of EU-type,China-type and US-type regimes illustrates how different combinations of carbon pricing,infrastructure policy and platform governance shift the timing and height of the emissions peak while reconfguring trade costs and market access conditions.The article concludes that well-designed green regulation can turn environmental compliance from a latent trade barrier into a driver of long-term competitiveness,provided that standards are interoperable,data governance is trusted and facilitation benefts are explicitly linked to credible low-carbon performance.展开更多
Against the background of the global“twin transitions”of digitalisation and decarbonisation,this paper evaluates the green transformation capability of digital trade from a systems perspective.Building on the DPSIR(...Against the background of the global“twin transitions”of digitalisation and decarbonisation,this paper evaluates the green transformation capability of digital trade from a systems perspective.Building on the DPSIR(Driver Pressure State Impact Response)framework,it constructs a multi-level index system with five subsystems,fifteen secondary indicators and forty-five basic indicators,explicitly incorporating data-centre energy use,embodied carbon in trade and e-waste pressure.The study employs Min Max normalisation and an improved entropy method to determine objective indicator weights,and then applies the TOPSIS model to derive a comprehensive green transformation score for different regions.A panel threshold regression model is further introduced to test the non-linear effects of digital trade under varying intensities of environmental regulation.The results reveal significant regional heterogeneity,inverted U-or N-shaped environmental effects,and the key roles of green innovation and supply-chain spillovers,providing policy implications for avoiding“high-carbon lock-in”and realising digital-driven green upgrading.展开更多
As the global digital economy becomes deeply integrated,digital trade has emerged as a core engine of international trade growth.However,differing value orientations and interests have led to the emergence of diverse ...As the global digital economy becomes deeply integrated,digital trade has emerged as a core engine of international trade growth.However,differing value orientations and interests have led to the emergence of diverse regulatory frameworks with distinct emphases.This fragmentation ofregional regulatory systems conflicts with the large-scale cross-border flow of digital elements,thereby hindering the globalization of digital trade.From the perspective of regulatory adaptation,this article systematically analyzes how AI agents empower technological solutions to overcome digital trade barriers.It further reveals their unique opportunities in rule interpretation,dynamic compliance,and collaborative governance,and proposes a three-stage strategic pathway:“technology adaptation rule transformationecological collaboration.”This study finds that AI agents can effectively reduce the cost of regulatory adaptation and provide precise compliance solutions for digital trade entities through semantic parsing,real-time learning,and cross-domain collaboration.It offers a theoretical framework for technological pathways to overcoming digital trade barriers and provides strategic insights for China's participation in global digital governance.展开更多
Under the twin transitions of decarbonization and digitalization,global apparel trade is shifting from speed-and cost-based competition toward speed with verifable green compliance.This paper integrates Institutional ...Under the twin transitions of decarbonization and digitalization,global apparel trade is shifting from speed-and cost-based competition toward speed with verifable green compliance.This paper integrates Institutional Theory and Transaction Cost Theory to explain how external regulatory and normative pressures are operationalized through digital infrastructures.We argue that IoT-enabled MRV,blockchain traceability,and Digital Product Passports reduce information asymmetry,measurement burdens,and enforcement costs across fragmented apparel value chains.Using mixed methods—bibliometric mapping and comparative regional cases(China ASEAN,China Central Asia,and the Greater Bay Area)—the study identifes differentiated implementation pathways driven by rules,technology,and market-platform innovation.Policy implications emphasize inclusive digital infrastructure,cross-border carbon data governance,and interoperable standard recognition.展开更多
At the intersection of global climate governance reform and the new digital revolution,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is moving from infrastructure-led“hard connectivity”to rule-and standard-based“soft connectivi...At the intersection of global climate governance reform and the new digital revolution,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is moving from infrastructure-led“hard connectivity”to rule-and standard-based“soft connectivity.”This paper examines how digital technologies enable green trade cooperation under the BRI from a combined perspective of institutional theory and transaction cost theory.It proposes an analytical framework of Institutional Pressure–Transaction Costs–Digital Response,arguing that digitalisation reshapes green trade by establishing low-cost trust through blockchain,IoT and smart contracts,thereby reducing information,measurement and enforcement costs and easing coercive,normative and mimetic green pressures such as the EU CBAM.Using cases from China–ASEAN(ACFTA 3.0),the China–Central Asia Energy Internet and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area,the study identifies institution-driven,technology-driven and market-driven digital pathways.It concludes by highlighting challenges in digital infrastructure,data sovereignty and fragmented standards,and outlines a policy agenda for interoperable infrastructure,secure cross-border data flows and digital mutual recognition of green standards.展开更多
Among the many economic policies of the government,exchange rate policy is one of the most important policies,especially in foreign trade and digital trade.This paper examines the impact of our country's exchange ...Among the many economic policies of the government,exchange rate policy is one of the most important policies,especially in foreign trade and digital trade.This paper examines the impact of our country's exchange rate policy on its digital trade.The study finds that when the RMB depreciation policy is implemented,it has a significant positive impact on the development of digital trade in our country,and this conclusion is still valid after the robustness test.According to the analysis of the mediation effect model,e-commerce enterprises are the intermediary channel for the depreciation of RMB to promote the development of digital trade in our country.After heterogeneity analysis,it is found that the impact of RMB exchange rate policy on digital trade will have different characteristics in different regions,and the impact on the eastern region is the most obvious.Moreover,its exchange rate policy still has a certain lag effect.The study provides valuable insights for coordinating exchange rate policies and digital trade in developing countries.展开更多
Moving beyond the static“enabling-rebound”framework,this paper introduces Socio-Technical Transition(STT)theory and its Multi-Level Perspective(MLP)to conceptualize green digital trade as a dynamic system linking da...Moving beyond the static“enabling-rebound”framework,this paper introduces Socio-Technical Transition(STT)theory and its Multi-Level Perspective(MLP)to conceptualize green digital trade as a dynamic system linking data governance and the trade regime.We identify the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)as a“landscape shock”that destabilizes the incumbent,carbon-intensive trade“regime”by pricing embedded carbon at the border.In response,we propose“Digital Carbon Competitiveness”(DCC)—a firm’s dynamic capability to measure,manage,verify,and valorize carbon emissions using digital tools—as the critical“niche lever”for scaling innovation.Based on this,we outline a multi-level governance design(micro-niche incubation,meso-regime reformation,macro-rule shaping)and derive a set of testable propositions on how the interaction between CBAM and DCC affects emissions and competitiveness.The pa-per’s contributions are threefold:(1)extending MLP theory to the under-researched domain of international trade;(2)conceptualizing and operationalizing DCC;and(3)proposing an integrated governance pathway for shaping the“twin transition.”展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42471205)the General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(No.2024JYTYB12)the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(No.23NDJC109YB)。
文摘In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience of digital trade in the face of external crises is an important topic.Taking the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction,this paper constructs a resilience index system for digital trade.It utilizes entropy method,kernel density estimation,and ArcGIS mapping to calculate and visually analyze the resilience of China’s digital trade from 2017 to 2021.Additionally,a Tobit model is constructed to explore the main influencing factors of digital trade resilience patterns.The research findings indicate:1)temporally,during the period of Sino-US trade friction,China’s digital trade resilience shows an overall upward trend,but there are regional differences in resilience levels across the country,with a severe polarization phenomenon.2)Spatially,high resilience is observed in the eastern and central regions of China,while the western and northeastern regions exhibit low resilience.3)From a dimensional perspective,the resistance of digital trade resilience displays a spatial distribution of high values in the east and low values in the west.The recovery force is aggregated along coastal areas,and the renewal force tends to aggregate along the eastern coastline.4)Factors such as economic scale,industrial structure,urbanization rate,government fiscal expenditure,and technological talents significantly promote the enhancement of digital trade resilience.This study reveals the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of digital trade resilience in responding to external shocks,providing theoretical basis and policy suggestions for enhancing digital trade resilience,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.
文摘This paper empirically studies the impact mechanism of the depth of digital trade rules on China’s digital service trade exports and explores the improvement paths for China accordingly.Based on the transaction cost theory and other foundations,this paper systematically classifies rule provisions into four categories:access and facilitation,cross-border data flow,digital intellectual property rights,and privacy protection and data security.It also uses the gravity model of trade to quantitatively analyze 22 Regional Trade Agreements texts involving China.The empirical results show that:the depth of digital trade rules as a whole significantly promotes digital service trade exports;the core driving factors include the gap in digital infrastructure,differences in higher education levels,urbanization levels,and GDP gaps;all four categories of provisions show a significant positive impact,among which access and facilitation provisions have the most prominent promotional effect.Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the depth of rules has a significantly stronger promotional effect on trade partners in developed countries than in developing countries;sector-specific tests show that the financial services sector benefits the most,while the intellectual property sector is inhibited.Based on this,this paper proposes that China should actively participate in the construction of global rules,improve digital infrastructure,deepen the implementation of provisions,orderly expand opening-up in the digital field,strengthen intellectual property protection to balance innovation incentives and market expansion,and improve laws and regulations to ensure data security.
文摘This paper employs the entropy method to measure the development level of digital trade across 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2022 and empirically investigates the impact of this digital trade development on export sophistication and the underlying mechanisms used.The results show that digital trade development significantly enhances export sophistication.Mechanism analysis suggests that this effect is primarily realized through the optimization of industrial structures and the enhancement of technological innovation capabilities.Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of digital trade development on export sophistication varies depending on geographical location,inclusion in urban agglomerations,and coastal status.These findings underscore the importance of comprehensively promoting digital trade development,fostering technological progress and innovation,and continuously upgrading industrial structures to provide new pathways for enhancing export sophistication.
基金the achievements of the 2025 Guangxi Degree and Graduate Education Reform Project on Artificial Intelligence Empowering International Business Master’s Teaching Innovation Research(JGY2025036).
文摘Against the backdrop of profound reshaping of the current international landscape and the unprecedentedly rapid iteration of digital technologies,the global digital economy landscape and international trade rule system are entering a new era full of changes.Digital trade rules have emerged as a prominent focus in this field.Firstly,through a comprehensive review of sample data such as the WTO e-commerce proposals under the current multilateral framework,we can gain a profound insight into the negotiation practices of major economies regarding digital trade rules.In this context,China has demonstrated strong defensive interests in the“emerging”issues of digital trade,aiming to safeguard national data security and promote the healthy development of the digital economy.Therefore,when participating in the formulation of global digital trade rules,China needs to accurately strike a balance between offense and defense,contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions,and promote the construction of a fairer,more reasonable,and inclusive international digital trade governance system.
基金This paper is a phased result of the“Research on the Issue of China’s Data Export System”(24SFB3035)a research project of the Ministry of Justice of China on the construction of the rule of law and the study of legal theories at the ministerial level in 2024.
文摘The Fourth Industrial Revolution has endowed the concept of state sovereignty with new era-specific connotations,leading to the emergence of the theory of data sovereignty.While countries refine their domestic legislation to establish their data sovereignty,they are also actively engaging in the negotiation of cross-border data flow rules within international trade agreements to construct data sovereignty.During these negotiations,countries express differing regulatory claims,with some focusing on safeguarding sovereignty and protecting human rights,some prioritizing economic promotion and security assurance,and others targeting traditional and innovative digital trade barriers.These varied approaches reflect the tension between three pairs of values:collectivism and individualism,freedom and security,and tradition and innovation.Based on their distinct value pursuits,three representative models of data sovereignty construction have emerged globally.At the current juncture,when international rules for digital trade are still in their nascent stages,China should timely establish its data sovereignty rules,actively participate in global data sovereignty competition,and balance its sovereignty interests with other interests.Specifically,China should explore the scope of system-acceptable digital trade barriers through free trade zones;integrate domestic and international legal frameworks to ensure the alignment of China’s data governance legislation with its obligations under international trade agreements;and use the development of the“Digital Silk Road”as a starting point to prioritize the formation of digital trade rules with countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative,promoting the Chinese solutions internationally.
文摘In the context of accelerated globalization and the rapid development of the digital economy,the scale of China's import and export trade continues to expand.Enhancing the international competitiveness of China's digital service trade is of significant importance.This article will analyze the current state of China's digital service trade development based on relevant theoretical concepts and provide a discussion on proposals for improving the international competitiveness of China's digital service trade,to offer a reference for the development of digital service trade in China.
文摘Since the appointment of new appellate judges by the World Trade Organization(WTO)was banned in 2019,the paralysis of the appellate body has seriously damaged the Dispute Settlement Mechanism(DSM),leaving a gap in resolving the escalating digital services trade disputes involving complex issues such as data flow and algorithm governance,and the existing WTO rules have failed to fully address these problems.Although MPIA offers a temporary alternative,its limited membership,uncertain executability,and untested applicability to new types of digital disputes make it inadequate.Meanwhile,the rising technological nationalism and fragmented regulations(such as the GDPR and the CLOUD Act)have exacerbated the global digital governance divide,marginalizing China and the countries in the Global South.This article analyzes the decline of DSM,highlighting the eroded rule predictability and legal fragmentation,and critically assesses the limitations of MPIA and the deficiencies of the traditional WTO framework in disputes such as data localization.A series of cases has revealed the trends of“pre-dispute governance”and unilateralism.In the face of this dual crisis,this article holds that China and the Global South must embark on a path of transformation from“system participants”to“system shapers,”rather than merely conforming.The strategies it explores include leveraging domestic regulations(such as data outbound security assessment),promoting regional cooperation(such as the mediation mechanism of RCEP),and advancing initiatives like the Global Data Security Initiative.This dual approach of maintaining“policy sovereignty”and establishing“compliance sovereignty”aims to ensure institutional autonomy,enhance rule-making capabilities,and establish a fairer,rule-based digital trade order in the context of DSM paralysis and regulatory fragmentation.
基金the phased outcome of the project“Research on China’s Rule of Law Path for Maintaining the Security and Stability of Global Supply Chain”(Approval Number 2024M751358)that received funding from the 75th general grant of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
文摘In the digital era,the free cross-border flow of data and the development of digital trade are complementary.Consequently,as an inherent demand for data privacy,trade liberalization is closely linked to the right to data privacy,and data privacy protection is increasingly becoming a trade issue.However,conflicting rule settings between the two create discrepancies and result in differing rule-making approaches.The concept of the right to data privacy provides guidance and evaluative functions for the development of trade liberalization,facilitating the healthy development of digital trade.It is appropriate to treat the interaction between trade liberalization and data privacy protection in a rational way and to place them within independent systems at this stage.Data localization measures are an effective way to balance digital trade liberalization with the right to data privacy.As a data privacy protection measure,data localization has legitimacy within the trade law framework.Looking ahead,to achieve a harmonious advancement of digital trade liberalization and protection of the right to data privacy,all parties should uphold the premise of the national regulatory autonomy,and respect the data localization measures adopted by countries based on their own national conditions and personal data protection considerations.
文摘Society is currently transitioning from the era of informatization and digitization to the era of intelligence.Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and big data are permeating every aspect of production and life.This penetration presents a rare opportunity for the development of digital trade and catalyzes innovation in traditional trade patterns.This paper first analyzes the inevitability of digital trade development in Northeast Asia.Secondly,it delves into the challenges faced by digital trade development and explores in-depth the promotion strategy for digital trade’s impact on the economic development of the Northeast Asia region,providing insights from various perspectives for reference.
基金the National Social Science Fund in the later stage(Grant No.20FFXA006)the Innovation Team Project of Data Application and Governance in the Implementation of the Comprehensive Rule of Law Strategy'in Humanities and Social Sciences of Shandong University.
文摘With the development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence,the cybersecurity issue is not only a complex technical problem but also a regulatory issue of laws and policies.The governments and the international community have promulgated relevant laws and regulations to regulate cybersecurity.In recent times,the digital trade chapter of free trade agreements and certain digital trade agreements have also begun to stipulate specialized cybersecurity clauses,providing overall principles and obligations for digital trade,government capacity building,international operational cooperation,workforce cooperation,risk-based standards,and cybersecurity standards for the Internet of Things,etc.The cybersecurity provisions in existing digital trade agreements emphasize cooperation and consensus among contracting parties,and the rights of different types of enterprises.The cybersecurity provisions in China's digital trade agreements need to further keep up with the times.On the premise of emphasizing national security and digital sovereignty,a design draft that conforms to the concept of a community with a shared future in cyberspace and balances the interests of all stakeholders should be proposed to strengthen China's voice in the formulation of digital trade rules.
文摘As a new economic form,China’s digital economy is reshaping the economic structure.The dig-ital industry and industrial digitalization are developing in a coordinated manner,with remark-able achievements in infrastructure construction and obvious regional agglomeration characteristics.Trade in services shows a strong momentum,with expanding scale,optimized structure,and out-standing performance in knowledge-intensive services.This paper conducts research on how the digital economy empowers the high-quality development of China’s trade in services,analyzing the development status,action paths,restrictive factors,and countermeasures of both.The digital economy drives the digitalization of service trade transaction methods,breaking the time and space constraints of traditional models.At the same time,it promotes the digitalization of transaction objects,transforming service forms into data-based carriers and expanding trade boundaries.How-ever,in the process of the digital economy’s empowerment,there are problems such as shortcomings in infrastructure and technical support,insufficient adaptation between trade structure and digital transformation,and restrictions from international rules.In response to this,we should promote new digital infrastructure,optimize the trade structure,and strengthen international cooperation to drive the high-quality development of trade in services.
文摘This study focuses on Shandong Province to examine the contribution of digital trade to inclu-sive green growth.The research reveals that digital trade has played a positive role in promoting economic growth,driving green development,and enhancing social inclusivity.In terms of eco-nomic growth,digital trade expands market boundaries,stimulates related industries,and improves trade efficiency and scale.Regarding green development,the application of digital technologies facilitates optimal resource allocation,reduces energy consumption and pollution from traditional trade,and promotes the growth of green industries.For social inclusivity enhancement,digital trade lowers participation barriers for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)and vulnerable groups while creating more employment and development opportunities.However,the study also highlights challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,insufficient innovation capabilities in digital technology,talent shortages,and incomplete regulatory frameworks.This research provides evi-dence for understanding the relationship between digital trade and inclusive green growth,offering decision-making references for governments to formulate policies that promote healthy digital trade development and achieve coordinated progress among economic,environmental,and social dimen-sions.
文摘Under the dual pressures of global climate governance and the rapid expansion of cross-border digital trade,the apparel industry is facing a profound transformation in its regulatory environment.The European Union’s Green Deal,through instruments such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM),the Digital Product Passport(DPP),and the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation(PPWR),is reshaping the rules of market access and value distribution in cross-border e-commerce.Focusing on the apparel industry,this paper constructs a four-dimensional analytical framework—institutional pressure,platform governance,technology empowerment,and standard competition—to examine how green compliance requirements penetrate fragmented digital supply chains.By combining normative policy analysis with case studies of platforms,logistics providers,and fast-fashion brands,the study reveals that methodological divergence in carbon accounting and data asymmetries has evolved into hidden green trade barriers.The paper further proposes strategic coordination mechanisms at governmental,platform,and enterprise levels to facilitate international alignment and sustainable transformation of cross-border digital apparel trade.
文摘This article investigates how the twin transitions of digitalisation and decarbonisation jointly reshape the logic of global trade by creating new confgurations of“green risk”in digital trade.It argues that digital trade is environmentally ambivalent:if guided only by efciency and speed,energy-intensive data infrastructures,fragmented cross-border logistics and proliferating e-waste can lock in high-carbon development paths.Drawing on Environmental Kuznets Curve reasoning,new institutional economics and the technology–organisation–environment framework,the study develops a system-oriented“Digital Trade–Environment–Regulation”(DTER)model that captures feedback loops between trade expansion,carbon emissions and regulatory responses.On this basis,it constructs a three-pillar regulatory architecture centred on cost internalisation,information transparency and algorithmic steering,and embeds it in a system dynamics simulation framework.Scenario analysis of EU-type,China-type and US-type regimes illustrates how different combinations of carbon pricing,infrastructure policy and platform governance shift the timing and height of the emissions peak while reconfguring trade costs and market access conditions.The article concludes that well-designed green regulation can turn environmental compliance from a latent trade barrier into a driver of long-term competitiveness,provided that standards are interoperable,data governance is trusted and facilitation benefts are explicitly linked to credible low-carbon performance.
文摘Against the background of the global“twin transitions”of digitalisation and decarbonisation,this paper evaluates the green transformation capability of digital trade from a systems perspective.Building on the DPSIR(Driver Pressure State Impact Response)framework,it constructs a multi-level index system with five subsystems,fifteen secondary indicators and forty-five basic indicators,explicitly incorporating data-centre energy use,embodied carbon in trade and e-waste pressure.The study employs Min Max normalisation and an improved entropy method to determine objective indicator weights,and then applies the TOPSIS model to derive a comprehensive green transformation score for different regions.A panel threshold regression model is further introduced to test the non-linear effects of digital trade under varying intensities of environmental regulation.The results reveal significant regional heterogeneity,inverted U-or N-shaped environmental effects,and the key roles of green innovation and supply-chain spillovers,providing policy implications for avoiding“high-carbon lock-in”and realising digital-driven green upgrading.
文摘As the global digital economy becomes deeply integrated,digital trade has emerged as a core engine of international trade growth.However,differing value orientations and interests have led to the emergence of diverse regulatory frameworks with distinct emphases.This fragmentation ofregional regulatory systems conflicts with the large-scale cross-border flow of digital elements,thereby hindering the globalization of digital trade.From the perspective of regulatory adaptation,this article systematically analyzes how AI agents empower technological solutions to overcome digital trade barriers.It further reveals their unique opportunities in rule interpretation,dynamic compliance,and collaborative governance,and proposes a three-stage strategic pathway:“technology adaptation rule transformationecological collaboration.”This study finds that AI agents can effectively reduce the cost of regulatory adaptation and provide precise compliance solutions for digital trade entities through semantic parsing,real-time learning,and cross-domain collaboration.It offers a theoretical framework for technological pathways to overcoming digital trade barriers and provides strategic insights for China's participation in global digital governance.
文摘Under the twin transitions of decarbonization and digitalization,global apparel trade is shifting from speed-and cost-based competition toward speed with verifable green compliance.This paper integrates Institutional Theory and Transaction Cost Theory to explain how external regulatory and normative pressures are operationalized through digital infrastructures.We argue that IoT-enabled MRV,blockchain traceability,and Digital Product Passports reduce information asymmetry,measurement burdens,and enforcement costs across fragmented apparel value chains.Using mixed methods—bibliometric mapping and comparative regional cases(China ASEAN,China Central Asia,and the Greater Bay Area)—the study identifes differentiated implementation pathways driven by rules,technology,and market-platform innovation.Policy implications emphasize inclusive digital infrastructure,cross-border carbon data governance,and interoperable standard recognition.
文摘At the intersection of global climate governance reform and the new digital revolution,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is moving from infrastructure-led“hard connectivity”to rule-and standard-based“soft connectivity.”This paper examines how digital technologies enable green trade cooperation under the BRI from a combined perspective of institutional theory and transaction cost theory.It proposes an analytical framework of Institutional Pressure–Transaction Costs–Digital Response,arguing that digitalisation reshapes green trade by establishing low-cost trust through blockchain,IoT and smart contracts,thereby reducing information,measurement and enforcement costs and easing coercive,normative and mimetic green pressures such as the EU CBAM.Using cases from China–ASEAN(ACFTA 3.0),the China–Central Asia Energy Internet and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area,the study identifies institution-driven,technology-driven and market-driven digital pathways.It concludes by highlighting challenges in digital infrastructure,data sovereignty and fragmented standards,and outlines a policy agenda for interoperable infrastructure,secure cross-border data flows and digital mutual recognition of green standards.
文摘Among the many economic policies of the government,exchange rate policy is one of the most important policies,especially in foreign trade and digital trade.This paper examines the impact of our country's exchange rate policy on its digital trade.The study finds that when the RMB depreciation policy is implemented,it has a significant positive impact on the development of digital trade in our country,and this conclusion is still valid after the robustness test.According to the analysis of the mediation effect model,e-commerce enterprises are the intermediary channel for the depreciation of RMB to promote the development of digital trade in our country.After heterogeneity analysis,it is found that the impact of RMB exchange rate policy on digital trade will have different characteristics in different regions,and the impact on the eastern region is the most obvious.Moreover,its exchange rate policy still has a certain lag effect.The study provides valuable insights for coordinating exchange rate policies and digital trade in developing countries.
文摘Moving beyond the static“enabling-rebound”framework,this paper introduces Socio-Technical Transition(STT)theory and its Multi-Level Perspective(MLP)to conceptualize green digital trade as a dynamic system linking data governance and the trade regime.We identify the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)as a“landscape shock”that destabilizes the incumbent,carbon-intensive trade“regime”by pricing embedded carbon at the border.In response,we propose“Digital Carbon Competitiveness”(DCC)—a firm’s dynamic capability to measure,manage,verify,and valorize carbon emissions using digital tools—as the critical“niche lever”for scaling innovation.Based on this,we outline a multi-level governance design(micro-niche incubation,meso-regime reformation,macro-rule shaping)and derive a set of testable propositions on how the interaction between CBAM and DCC affects emissions and competitiveness.The pa-per’s contributions are threefold:(1)extending MLP theory to the under-researched domain of international trade;(2)conceptualizing and operationalizing DCC;and(3)proposing an integrated governance pathway for shaping the“twin transition.”
