Recent innovations in transport technology are now providing mobility that is cheaper, autonomous, electric, and with improved ride quality. While much of the world’s attention has been on how this can be applied to ...Recent innovations in transport technology are now providing mobility that is cheaper, autonomous, electric, and with improved ride quality. While much of the world’s attention has been on how this can be applied to cars, there have been rapid adoption of these and other technologies in High Speed Rail and Metro Rail systems that run between and across cities. This paper shows how such innovations have now been applied to create the next generation of urban transit system called a Trackless Tram. Trackless Trams are effectively the same as traditional light rail except they run on rubber tyres avoiding disruption from construction for Light Rail, but they retain the electric propulsion (with batteries) and have high ride quality due to rail-type bogies, stabilization technologies and precision tracking from the autonomous optical guidance systems—with infrastructure costs reduced to as low as one tenth of a Light Rail system. As with Light Rail, a Trackless Tram System provides a rapid transit option that can harness the fixed route assurance necessary to unlock new land value appreciation that can be leveraged to contribute to construction and running costs whilst creating urban regeneration. The paper considers the niche for Trackless Trams in cities along with its potential for city shaping through the creation of urban re-development along corridors. The paper suggests that the adoption of Trackless Tram Systems is likely to grow rapidly as a genuine alternative to car and bus systems, supplementing and extending the niche occupied by Light Rail Transit (LRT). This appears to be feasible in any medium-sized or larger city, especially in emerging and developing economies, and case studies are outlined for Perth and Thimpu to illustrate its potential.展开更多
Rapid innovation and development of modern technology has brought about the opportunity for developing economies to technological leapfrog. In particular, rather than going through all the learning curve and costly pr...Rapid innovation and development of modern technology has brought about the opportunity for developing economies to technological leapfrog. In particular, rather than going through all the learning curve and costly process <span style="font-family:Verdana;">experienced by developed countries, emerging economies instead can tak</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e advantage of the opportunities presented by technological shifts. However, inadequate infrastructure is the cause of most challenges that these developing economies presently face. Energy, road, transport and telecommunication networks are the most critical infrastructure needed to drive a sustainable </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">development and economic growth. As seen in many emerging economies, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">small private cars are still dominating the public transport sector, even though </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">it is evident that they are congesting the poorly managed and crumbling road </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">infrastructure. Most emerging economies’ cities are currently experiencing rapi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d urbanisation that is leading to massive population explosion. These rapidly growing cities should adopt latest technologies, such as Trackless Trams Systems (TTS). There is no doubt that TTS can probably help in dealing with most of the transport problems experienced in rapidly growing urban areas </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">within emerging economies. This paper seeks to explore the opportunities</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> presented by TTS to bring about the needed technological leapfrogging for the developing countries that are resource constrained to build modern and expensive mass public transport infrastructure. An ideal example of a recent successful technological leapfrog in emerging economies is the low-cost mo</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bile phones and increasingly expanding wireless access in urban areas. As </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">such, countries have been able to eliminate the challenge of building fixed-line t</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">elecommunications infrastructure, which is capital-intensive. In this study we are undertaking a literature appraisal on technological leapfrogging, and demonstrate how TTS measure up as a potential technology to aid the leap</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">frogging for the urban transport systems more so in developing countries.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study discusses the features, quality, and proficiencies of the new technology. To consider technology for leapfrogging, it ought to be economical enough, less technical, lends itself to partnership, lends itself to community </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">engagement, allows co-development, and fulfils sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper is organized into four sections, the introduction, litera</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ture appraisal, experiential evidence and debate on Trackless Trams, and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conclu</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sion.</span>展开更多
Trackless rubber-tyerd vehicles are the core equipment for auxiliary transportation in inclined-shaft coal mines,and the rationality of their routes plays the direct impact on operation safety and energy consumption.R...Trackless rubber-tyerd vehicles are the core equipment for auxiliary transportation in inclined-shaft coal mines,and the rationality of their routes plays the direct impact on operation safety and energy consumption.Rich studies have been done on scheduling rubber-tyerd vehicles driven by diesel oil,however,less works are for electric trackless rubber-tyred vehicles.Furthermore,energy consumption of vehicles gives no consideration on the impact of complex roadway and traffic rules on driving,especially the limited cruising ability of electric trackless rubber-tyred vehichles(TRVs).To address this issue,an energy consumption model of an electric trackless rubber-tyred vehicle is formulated,in which the effects from total mass,speed profiles,slope of roadways,and energy management mode are all considered.Following that,a low-carbon routing model of electric trackless rubber-tyred vehicles is built to minimize the total energy consumption under the constraint of vehicle avoidance,allowable load,and endurance power.As a problem-solver,an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is put forward.More especially,an adaptive neighborhood search is designed to guide employed bees to select appropriate operator in a specific space.In order to assign onlookers to some promising food sources reasonably,their selection probability is adaptively adjusted.For a stagnant food source,a knowledge-driven initialization is developed to generate a feasible substitute.The experimental results on four real-world instances indicate that improved artificial bee colony algorithm(IABC)outperforms other comparative algorithms and the special designs in its three phases effectively avoid premature convergence and speed up convergence.展开更多
为提高煤矿井下无轨辅助运输胶轮车的运行安全性与智能化控制水平,针对传统监控方式与仿真建模技术难以直观展现运行状态和构建高保真模型的问题,提出了一种融合了新一代信息技术与数字孪生理念的无轨胶轮车运动仿真与人机交互系统。以...为提高煤矿井下无轨辅助运输胶轮车的运行安全性与智能化控制水平,针对传统监控方式与仿真建模技术难以直观展现运行状态和构建高保真模型的问题,提出了一种融合了新一代信息技术与数字孪生理念的无轨胶轮车运动仿真与人机交互系统。以具备多传感器设计的无轨胶轮车为研究对象,采用MATLAB/Simulink设计了系统架构与功能模块,结合CAN总线完成了多元传感器数据的标准化转换与高速传输。通过整车控制器(Vehicle Control Unit,VCU)的I/O接口实现了数字孪生模型与物理实体的实时数据交互,构建了虚实融合的运行环境,并实现了对车辆转矩、转速、制动压力等关键安全参数的连续监测。系统引入了基于物理建模与实时数据驱动的预测性仿真方法,能够高精度模拟车辆在不同工况下的动态响应,特别适用于VCU的程序优化与控制算法的参数调整。以某煤矿井下低速四轮转向工况为例,基于数字孪生模型构建的仿真平台复现了真实转弯环境,结合车辆动力学特性开展了多轮仿真试验,优化了比例-积分-微分(Proportional-Integral-Derivative,PID)控制参数。优化后的控制策略显著提升了车辆横摆角速度,减小了转弯半径,仿真结果与实测数据变化趋势高度一致:最大相对误差为1.34%,平均误差为0.85%,验证了模型的准确性与可靠性;控制系统整体时间延迟控制在30 ms以内,充分体现了系统的实时性。展开更多
文摘Recent innovations in transport technology are now providing mobility that is cheaper, autonomous, electric, and with improved ride quality. While much of the world’s attention has been on how this can be applied to cars, there have been rapid adoption of these and other technologies in High Speed Rail and Metro Rail systems that run between and across cities. This paper shows how such innovations have now been applied to create the next generation of urban transit system called a Trackless Tram. Trackless Trams are effectively the same as traditional light rail except they run on rubber tyres avoiding disruption from construction for Light Rail, but they retain the electric propulsion (with batteries) and have high ride quality due to rail-type bogies, stabilization technologies and precision tracking from the autonomous optical guidance systems—with infrastructure costs reduced to as low as one tenth of a Light Rail system. As with Light Rail, a Trackless Tram System provides a rapid transit option that can harness the fixed route assurance necessary to unlock new land value appreciation that can be leveraged to contribute to construction and running costs whilst creating urban regeneration. The paper considers the niche for Trackless Trams in cities along with its potential for city shaping through the creation of urban re-development along corridors. The paper suggests that the adoption of Trackless Tram Systems is likely to grow rapidly as a genuine alternative to car and bus systems, supplementing and extending the niche occupied by Light Rail Transit (LRT). This appears to be feasible in any medium-sized or larger city, especially in emerging and developing economies, and case studies are outlined for Perth and Thimpu to illustrate its potential.
文摘Rapid innovation and development of modern technology has brought about the opportunity for developing economies to technological leapfrog. In particular, rather than going through all the learning curve and costly process <span style="font-family:Verdana;">experienced by developed countries, emerging economies instead can tak</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e advantage of the opportunities presented by technological shifts. However, inadequate infrastructure is the cause of most challenges that these developing economies presently face. Energy, road, transport and telecommunication networks are the most critical infrastructure needed to drive a sustainable </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">development and economic growth. As seen in many emerging economies, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">small private cars are still dominating the public transport sector, even though </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">it is evident that they are congesting the poorly managed and crumbling road </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">infrastructure. Most emerging economies’ cities are currently experiencing rapi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d urbanisation that is leading to massive population explosion. These rapidly growing cities should adopt latest technologies, such as Trackless Trams Systems (TTS). There is no doubt that TTS can probably help in dealing with most of the transport problems experienced in rapidly growing urban areas </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">within emerging economies. This paper seeks to explore the opportunities</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> presented by TTS to bring about the needed technological leapfrogging for the developing countries that are resource constrained to build modern and expensive mass public transport infrastructure. An ideal example of a recent successful technological leapfrog in emerging economies is the low-cost mo</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bile phones and increasingly expanding wireless access in urban areas. As </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">such, countries have been able to eliminate the challenge of building fixed-line t</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">elecommunications infrastructure, which is capital-intensive. In this study we are undertaking a literature appraisal on technological leapfrogging, and demonstrate how TTS measure up as a potential technology to aid the leap</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">frogging for the urban transport systems more so in developing countries.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study discusses the features, quality, and proficiencies of the new technology. To consider technology for leapfrogging, it ought to be economical enough, less technical, lends itself to partnership, lends itself to community </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">engagement, allows co-development, and fulfils sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper is organized into four sections, the introduction, litera</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ture appraisal, experiential evidence and debate on Trackless Trams, and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conclu</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sion.</span>
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4703701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61973305,52121003,and 61573361)Royal Society International Exchanges 2020 Cost Share,and the 111 Project(No.B21014).
文摘Trackless rubber-tyerd vehicles are the core equipment for auxiliary transportation in inclined-shaft coal mines,and the rationality of their routes plays the direct impact on operation safety and energy consumption.Rich studies have been done on scheduling rubber-tyerd vehicles driven by diesel oil,however,less works are for electric trackless rubber-tyred vehicles.Furthermore,energy consumption of vehicles gives no consideration on the impact of complex roadway and traffic rules on driving,especially the limited cruising ability of electric trackless rubber-tyred vehichles(TRVs).To address this issue,an energy consumption model of an electric trackless rubber-tyred vehicle is formulated,in which the effects from total mass,speed profiles,slope of roadways,and energy management mode are all considered.Following that,a low-carbon routing model of electric trackless rubber-tyred vehicles is built to minimize the total energy consumption under the constraint of vehicle avoidance,allowable load,and endurance power.As a problem-solver,an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is put forward.More especially,an adaptive neighborhood search is designed to guide employed bees to select appropriate operator in a specific space.In order to assign onlookers to some promising food sources reasonably,their selection probability is adaptively adjusted.For a stagnant food source,a knowledge-driven initialization is developed to generate a feasible substitute.The experimental results on four real-world instances indicate that improved artificial bee colony algorithm(IABC)outperforms other comparative algorithms and the special designs in its three phases effectively avoid premature convergence and speed up convergence.
文摘为提高煤矿井下无轨辅助运输胶轮车的运行安全性与智能化控制水平,针对传统监控方式与仿真建模技术难以直观展现运行状态和构建高保真模型的问题,提出了一种融合了新一代信息技术与数字孪生理念的无轨胶轮车运动仿真与人机交互系统。以具备多传感器设计的无轨胶轮车为研究对象,采用MATLAB/Simulink设计了系统架构与功能模块,结合CAN总线完成了多元传感器数据的标准化转换与高速传输。通过整车控制器(Vehicle Control Unit,VCU)的I/O接口实现了数字孪生模型与物理实体的实时数据交互,构建了虚实融合的运行环境,并实现了对车辆转矩、转速、制动压力等关键安全参数的连续监测。系统引入了基于物理建模与实时数据驱动的预测性仿真方法,能够高精度模拟车辆在不同工况下的动态响应,特别适用于VCU的程序优化与控制算法的参数调整。以某煤矿井下低速四轮转向工况为例,基于数字孪生模型构建的仿真平台复现了真实转弯环境,结合车辆动力学特性开展了多轮仿真试验,优化了比例-积分-微分(Proportional-Integral-Derivative,PID)控制参数。优化后的控制策略显著提升了车辆横摆角速度,减小了转弯半径,仿真结果与实测数据变化趋势高度一致:最大相对误差为1.34%,平均误差为0.85%,验证了模型的准确性与可靠性;控制系统整体时间延迟控制在30 ms以内,充分体现了系统的实时性。
