The original or primitive venation of mayflies was not presented clearly upon living materials before,this mostly results from the deform of mayfly imaginal wingbase.Some nymphs of large mayflies of China,like Siphlur...The original or primitive venation of mayflies was not presented clearly upon living materials before,this mostly results from the deform of mayfly imaginal wingbase.Some nymphs of large mayflies of China,like Siphluriscus chinensis,Ephemera pictipennis and Siphlonurus davidi,however,show some clues.Together,they demonstrate that in mayflies,subcostal brace maybe originated from longitudinal vein Anterior Subcostal(ScA),stems of Radius(R)and Media(M)are always fused at base,Media Posterior(MP)leave them first,then the branch of Rs(Radial Section)+MA(Media Anterior),Cubitus(Cu)disconnected to any other veins.Additionally,all longitudinal veins of mayflies fused with their sclerotized base respectively but without any moveable sclerite.Instead,base of R+M of mayflies sclerotized into a single one big plate,and all sclerites of wingbase are fused together rigidly by sclerotized wingbase,which disables any possible folding of mayfly wings.Phylogenetically,in the order Ephemeroptera,the different positions of ScA and Cu leaded to different and diverse venations and lineages of Ephemeroptera.In the Pterygota,the Ephemeroptera has the same fused pattern of R+M and three axillary sclerites as the Neoptera while the Odonata has the fused Cu+M,which disproves the monophyly of Paleoptera.展开更多
Juvenile xanthogranuloma （JXG） is an uncommon benign disease, which usually occurs on the skin of head and neck region, as a single or multiple nodular lesions. Tracheal involvement of JXG is extremely rare, and onl...Juvenile xanthogranuloma （JXG） is an uncommon benign disease, which usually occurs on the skin of head and neck region, as a single or multiple nodular lesions. Tracheal involvement of JXG is extremely rare, and only few cases have been reported in literature. Herein we presented an additional new case and discussed the optimal management of this uncommon disease.展开更多
Recent state-of-the-art computed tomography and improved three-dimensional(3-D) postprocessing techniques have revolutionized the capability of visualizing airway pathology,offering physicians an advanced view of path...Recent state-of-the-art computed tomography and improved three-dimensional(3-D) postprocessing techniques have revolutionized the capability of visualizing airway pathology,offering physicians an advanced view of pathology and allowing for appropriate management planning.This article is a comprehensive review of trachea and main bronchi imaging,with emphasis on the dynamic airway anatomy,and a discussion of a wide variety of diseases including,but not limited to,congenital large airway abnormalities,tracheobronchial stenoses,benign and malignant neoplasms and tracheobronchomalacia.The importance of multiplanar reconstruction,3-D reconstruction and incorporation of dynamic imaging for non-invasive evaluation of the large airways is stressed.展开更多
This review discusses the history of tracheal reconstruction; from early work to future challenges. The focus is primarily on prosthetic tracheal reconstruction in the form of intraluminal stents, patch repairs, circu...This review discusses the history of tracheal reconstruction; from early work to future challenges. The focus is primarily on prosthetic tracheal reconstruction in the form of intraluminal stents, patch repairs, circumferential repairs and replacement of the trachea. A historical perspective of materials used such as foreign materials, autografts, allografts, xenografts and techniques, along with their advantages and disadvantages, is provided.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic adenoma(PA)is the most common benign tumor that occurs in the salivary glands;however,tracheobronchial PA is rarely observed.To the best of our knowledge,fewer than 50 cases have been reported i...BACKGROUND Pleomorphic adenoma(PA)is the most common benign tumor that occurs in the salivary glands;however,tracheobronchial PA is rarely observed.To the best of our knowledge,fewer than 50 cases have been reported in the literature.We report a 49-year-old woman who had been treated for asthma for 2 years before being diagnosed with PA of the trachea.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to dyspnea upon exertion and chronic cough with wheezing for 2 years.Laboratory tests showed an elevated white blood cell count,absolute neutrophil count,and percentage of neutrophils.A chest computerized tomography scan showed a well-defined,softtissue density lesion measuring 2.4 cm×2.1 cm in the lower trachea.Flexible bronchoscopy revealed that nearly 90%of the tracheal lumen was obstructed.The histopathological and immunohistochemistry features suggested PA of the trachea.Furthermore,we review the characteristics of 29 patients with tracheobronchial PA over the last 30 years.CONCLUSION Tracheobronchial PA occurs without gender predominance,mostly in the lower or upper trachea,and has a low recurrence rate.The median age at diagnosis is 48 years.The most common symptoms are cough,stridor,dyspnea,and wheezing.展开更多
The development of active endoscopy techniques is one important area of medical robot.This paper designed a new flexible and active endoscopy robotic system for direct tracheal inspection.The mobile mechanism of the r...The development of active endoscopy techniques is one important area of medical robot.This paper designed a new flexible and active endoscopy robotic system for direct tracheal inspection.The mobile mechanism of the robot is based on the inchworm movement actuated by pneumatic rubber actuator.There are five air chambers controlled independently,by adjusting pressures in air chambers,the robot can move in a straight mode or in a bending mode.The inspection sensors and some therapy surgery tools can be equipped in the front of the robot.The prototype was made and its mechanical characteristics were analyzed.The robot could move smoothly in a small plastic tube,and the robot is respectable to be used for inspection in human trachea directly.展开更多
文摘The original or primitive venation of mayflies was not presented clearly upon living materials before,this mostly results from the deform of mayfly imaginal wingbase.Some nymphs of large mayflies of China,like Siphluriscus chinensis,Ephemera pictipennis and Siphlonurus davidi,however,show some clues.Together,they demonstrate that in mayflies,subcostal brace maybe originated from longitudinal vein Anterior Subcostal(ScA),stems of Radius(R)and Media(M)are always fused at base,Media Posterior(MP)leave them first,then the branch of Rs(Radial Section)+MA(Media Anterior),Cubitus(Cu)disconnected to any other veins.Additionally,all longitudinal veins of mayflies fused with their sclerotized base respectively but without any moveable sclerite.Instead,base of R+M of mayflies sclerotized into a single one big plate,and all sclerites of wingbase are fused together rigidly by sclerotized wingbase,which disables any possible folding of mayfly wings.Phylogenetically,in the order Ephemeroptera,the different positions of ScA and Cu leaded to different and diverse venations and lineages of Ephemeroptera.In the Pterygota,the Ephemeroptera has the same fused pattern of R+M and three axillary sclerites as the Neoptera while the Odonata has the fused Cu+M,which disproves the monophyly of Paleoptera.
文摘Juvenile xanthogranuloma （JXG） is an uncommon benign disease, which usually occurs on the skin of head and neck region, as a single or multiple nodular lesions. Tracheal involvement of JXG is extremely rare, and only few cases have been reported in literature. Herein we presented an additional new case and discussed the optimal management of this uncommon disease.
文摘Recent state-of-the-art computed tomography and improved three-dimensional(3-D) postprocessing techniques have revolutionized the capability of visualizing airway pathology,offering physicians an advanced view of pathology and allowing for appropriate management planning.This article is a comprehensive review of trachea and main bronchi imaging,with emphasis on the dynamic airway anatomy,and a discussion of a wide variety of diseases including,but not limited to,congenital large airway abnormalities,tracheobronchial stenoses,benign and malignant neoplasms and tracheobronchomalacia.The importance of multiplanar reconstruction,3-D reconstruction and incorporation of dynamic imaging for non-invasive evaluation of the large airways is stressed.
文摘This review discusses the history of tracheal reconstruction; from early work to future challenges. The focus is primarily on prosthetic tracheal reconstruction in the form of intraluminal stents, patch repairs, circumferential repairs and replacement of the trachea. A historical perspective of materials used such as foreign materials, autografts, allografts, xenografts and techniques, along with their advantages and disadvantages, is provided.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,No.2020A1515010119.
文摘BACKGROUND Pleomorphic adenoma(PA)is the most common benign tumor that occurs in the salivary glands;however,tracheobronchial PA is rarely observed.To the best of our knowledge,fewer than 50 cases have been reported in the literature.We report a 49-year-old woman who had been treated for asthma for 2 years before being diagnosed with PA of the trachea.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to dyspnea upon exertion and chronic cough with wheezing for 2 years.Laboratory tests showed an elevated white blood cell count,absolute neutrophil count,and percentage of neutrophils.A chest computerized tomography scan showed a well-defined,softtissue density lesion measuring 2.4 cm×2.1 cm in the lower trachea.Flexible bronchoscopy revealed that nearly 90%of the tracheal lumen was obstructed.The histopathological and immunohistochemistry features suggested PA of the trachea.Furthermore,we review the characteristics of 29 patients with tracheobronchial PA over the last 30 years.CONCLUSION Tracheobronchial PA occurs without gender predominance,mostly in the lower or upper trachea,and has a low recurrence rate.The median age at diagnosis is 48 years.The most common symptoms are cough,stridor,dyspnea,and wheezing.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program)(No.2004AA404013)
文摘The development of active endoscopy techniques is one important area of medical robot.This paper designed a new flexible and active endoscopy robotic system for direct tracheal inspection.The mobile mechanism of the robot is based on the inchworm movement actuated by pneumatic rubber actuator.There are five air chambers controlled independently,by adjusting pressures in air chambers,the robot can move in a straight mode or in a bending mode.The inspection sensors and some therapy surgery tools can be equipped in the front of the robot.The prototype was made and its mechanical characteristics were analyzed.The robot could move smoothly in a small plastic tube,and the robot is respectable to be used for inspection in human trachea directly.
