Antibiotic-contaminated wastewater poses a global threat to aquatic ecosystems.Fenton-like oxidative processes effectively decompose recalcitrant pollutants.While these oxidative processes effectively break down targe...Antibiotic-contaminated wastewater poses a global threat to aquatic ecosystems.Fenton-like oxidative processes effectively decompose recalcitrant pollutants.While these oxidative processes effectively break down target contaminants,they may also produce uncontrolled intermediates,potentially resulting in unexpected combined toxicities.This review explores the chemical mechanisms behind Fenton-like reactions,particularly in antibiotic removal,and evaluates the formation of byproducts and their potential toxicological effects.Furthermore,recommendations for optimizing catalyst design and treatment conditions are provided to enhance degradation performance while minimizing ecological risks.This study highlights critical concerns regarding the toxicity of degradation byproducts and their impact on ecosystems by integrating chemical and biological risk assessments.By integrating chemical and biological risk assessments with computational toxicology,particularly quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)modeling,this study proposes a comprehensive approach to evaluate degradation and toxicity.This work highlights the importance of a comprehensive framework for evaluating degradation efficiency and toxicity,contributing to safer and more effective antibiotic wastewater treatment strategies.The findings underscore the importance of balancing degradation efficiency with environmental safety in wastewater treatment processes involving advanced oxidative technologies.展开更多
Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H2O2 oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system was 89.1% with the production of Cl-and PO4^3- of 0...Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H2O2 oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system was 89.1% with the production of Cl-and PO4^3- of 0.23 and 0.64 mg/L. The removal rate of total organic carbon of the reaction was 48.8% and the pH reached 3.3 after the reaction. The oxidative degradation process of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system obeyed the first order kinetic reaction with the apparent rate constant of 0.0025 min^-1( R^2 = 0.9788). The intermediate products were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The addition reaction of HO · and H2O and the oxidation reaction with H2O2 were found during the degradation pathway of 5 mg/L TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system. For the first time, environment risk was estimated via the "ecological structure activity relationships" program and acute and chronic toxicity changes of intermediate products were pointed out. The luminescence inhibition rate of photobacterium was used to evaluate the acute toxicity of intermediate products. The results showed that the toxicity of the intermediate products increased with the increase of reaction time, which may be due to the production of chlorine compounds. Some measures should be introduced to the UV/H2O2 system to remove the highly toxic Cl-containing compounds, such as a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis unit.展开更多
Nephrotoxic potential of laboratory cultures of freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green al ga) Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 (Pasteur Institute) was assessed in male rats. The ani mals were injected intraperitoneall...Nephrotoxic potential of laboratory cultures of freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green al ga) Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 (Pasteur Institute) was assessed in male rats. The ani mals were injected intraperitoneally with 0. 5, 1. 0 and 2. 0 LD50 doses of lyophilized cell ex tract. Elevated plasma urea and creatinine levels were accompanied by decrease in protein and albumin levels, followed by hematuria, proteinuria and bilirubinuria. Also decrease in kidney lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase indicated possible nephrotoxic po tential of the cyanobacteria. The extract also produced various hematological changes associat ed with stagnant type of hypoxia. High perfomance liquid chromatography of the culture I dentified the active principle (toxin) as Microcystin-LR展开更多
Laboratory cultures of freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 was cvaluated for its hepatotoxic effects in rats. The lyophilized cell extract injected intraperitoneally at 1 and 2 ...Laboratory cultures of freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 was cvaluated for its hepatotoxic effects in rats. The lyophilized cell extract injected intraperitoneally at 1 and 2 LD50 (15.8 and 31.6 mg/kg, respectively) produced significant increase in liver-specific enzymes viz. plasma alkaline phosphatase,γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase with a concomitant decrease in hepatic glutamic pyruvic transaminase. A corresponding increase in liver body weight index and histopathological changes in liver (degeneration of hepatocytes, congestion and hemorrhage etc.) are indicative of a dose and time dependent hepatotoxic nature of the algal extract展开更多
Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. T...Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. The species is compared with M. bahia in taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphology, as well as the sensitivity to reference toxins. Based on the results, we recommend N. awatschensis to be a standard marine organism for toxicity test in China and the method to be applied in toxicity evaluation of drilling fluids. In this paper, we report the results of the above studies and the application of the method in the evaluation of several drilling fluid products.展开更多
Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) can be used to determine the specific toxicant(s) in industrial effluents.In the current study,the authors have attempted to combine the advantages of the model organism,Caenor...Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) can be used to determine the specific toxicant(s) in industrial effluents.In the current study,the authors have attempted to combine the advantages of the model organism,Caenorhabditis elegans,with the virtues of the TIE technique,to evaluate and identify the toxicity on aging from a paper recycling mill effluent.The results indicate that only the toxicities from mixed cellulose (MC) filtration and EDTA treatment are similar to the baseline aging toxicity,suggesting ...展开更多
Resource utilization of chrome shavings(CS)has attracted a lot of attention from scientists and technologists in leather industry.Especially,the collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS are expected to find potential a...Resource utilization of chrome shavings(CS)has attracted a lot of attention from scientists and technologists in leather industry.Especially,the collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS are expected to find potential application values in agricultural field.However,there is no biotoxicity analysis of collagen hydrolysates from CS.Herein,the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced from CS by three hydrolysis dechroming methods including alkaline hydrolysis,enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline-enzymatic synergistic hydrolysis,and the optimal hydrolysis process of CS was designed and conducted.To evaluate their toxicity,the three collagen hydrolysates were formulated into a nutrient solution for zebrafish development.The obtained results indicated that the hydrolysates with low concentrations(less than 0.6 mg/mL)were safe and could promote the development for zebrafish embryos.Furthermore,the three collagen hydrolysates were utilized as organic nitrogen sources and formulated into amino acid water-soluble fertilizers(AAWSF)including alkaline type fertilizer(OH),enzymatic type fertilizer(M)and alkaline-enzymatic type fertilizer(OH-M)for the early soilless seeding cultivation of wheat,soybean and rapeseed.It is worth mentioning that the chromium contents in the prepared AAWSF were less than 10 mg/kg,which is far less than the limit value in the standard(China,50 mg/kg).The growth and development of seedlings(germination rate,plant height,fresh weight of leaves,soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content)were investigated.The corresponding results showed that the growth of seedlings watered with AAWSF was better compared with the other treatments,and the OH-M fertilizer had the best promoting effect on the seedlings growth and development,followed by the M and OH fertilizers.The safe toxicity assessment of the collagen hydrolysates will expand their application scope,and the use of collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS for seedlings growth also provides an effective and reason-able way to deal with the chromium-containing leather solid waste,which is an effective way to realize its resource utilization.展开更多
Drug toxicity is closely related to both clinical drug safety and new drug development.Therefore,it is vital to understand the mechanisms of drug toxicity fully and to use appropriate research models with advanced tec...Drug toxicity is closely related to both clinical drug safety and new drug development.Therefore,it is vital to understand the mechanisms of drug toxicity fully and to use appropriate research models with advanced technologies.Zebrafish has become an important vertebrate animal model for highthroughput drug screening and toxicity assessment.At the same time,zebrafish has an intact biological complexity,reflecting the whole organism's toxicity,which gives it an advantage over other highthroughput models in toxicity studies.Despite the gradual increase in toxicity studies utilizing zebrafish,a comprehensive and systematic review of the underlying mechanisms and new techniques is still lacking.This review aims to analyze common toxicity mechanisms in zebrafish models,such as oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress,inflammation,and apoptosis,and macroscopic changes in biological processes like lipid metabolism disorders and neurotransmitter expression abnormalities.It also introduces new technologies applied in toxicity assessment,such as gene editing,novel fluorescence imaging technology,3D imaging technology,and novel automated technology for high-throughput screening,such as fish capsules.In addition,it also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the model.By doing so,it will provide new suggestions for the development and improvement of the model,make it better serve the toxicity study of clinical drugs and provide a more comprehensive perspective for drug toxicity study,thus promoting the development of the field of drug toxicity study.展开更多
We used toxicity identification evaluation(TIE)method to confirm the combinational effects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill effluent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis el...We used toxicity identification evaluation(TIE)method to confirm the combinational effects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill effluent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.Exposure to Ca+Al caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca,or Al;and exposure to Ca+Fe induced more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca,or Fe.Exposure to Ca+Al+Fe caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca,or Ca+Fe.Moreover,the baseline toxicity on lifespan was doubled by doubling the concentration of combined metals(Ca+Al+Fe)in spiking test in original effluent(oe),and lifespan defects in oe+Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematodes were more severe than that in Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematode.Therefore,Ca+Al+Fe exposure may largely explain the formation of decreased lifespan induced by the examined industrial effluent.Furthermore,the observed reduction of lifespan induced by the combination of high level of Ca with other metals may be at least partially independent of the insulin-like pathway.展开更多
Metabonomics,a key aspect of systems biology,offers novel approaches for early diagnosis,pharmacotherapy,and health management in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This paper summarizes its applications in establishin...Metabonomics,a key aspect of systems biology,offers novel approaches for early diagnosis,pharmacotherapy,and health management in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This paper summarizes its applications in establishing TCM quality standards,exploring material basis,clarifying mechanism,and assessing toxicity.By profiling TCM and its metabolites,metabonomics comprehensively captures chemical traits,enhancing quality evaluation precision.It also tracks metabolic dynamics to understand TCM’s absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,thereby facilitating the identification of active components and their underlying mechanisms.In toxicity assessment,metabonomics uncovers hepatic and renal toxicity while elucidating potential mechanisms.In summary,metabonomics fosters TCM modernization and globalization,serving as a pivotal tool for advancing research and development.展开更多
The low efficiency of herbicide formulations poses environmental risks during spraying.Nano-based encapsulation technology can enhance utilization efficiency for sustainable agriculture.Covalent organic frameworks(COF...The low efficiency of herbicide formulations poses environmental risks during spraying.Nano-based encapsulation technology can enhance utilization efficiency for sustainable agriculture.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)serve as potential nanocarriers for pesticide loading,although their poor solubility limits the loading capacity.Herein,the insoluble herbicide quinclorac(QNC)was loaded into a pyrene-based COF(BA-COF)via one-step solvothermal synthesis to fabricate a nanoherbicide formulation(QNC@BA-COF).Molecular dynamics simulations showed that QNC molecules were loaded into the BA-COF viaπ-πstacking interactions.QNC@BACOF was 44.7%more effective against barnyard grass(Echinochloa crus-galli)than commercial QNC wettable powder(QNC WP)at 100 g ai/hm²,with minimal adverse effects on rice(Oryza sativa)seedlings and reduced toxicity toward zebrafish(Danio rerio),and human cells.Additionally,QNC@BA-COF-treated soil contained more beneficial microbes than those treated with QNC.This study presents a novel method for loading insoluble agrochemicals and a promising nanoherbicide formulation for sustainable agriculture.展开更多
The toxicities of cyanide and tetramethylene disulfotetramine （tetramine） were evaluated by two methods of luminescent bacteria and PbO2 electrochemical sensor. Vibrio-qinghaiensis, a kind of luminescent bacteria, c...The toxicities of cyanide and tetramethylene disulfotetramine （tetramine） were evaluated by two methods of luminescent bacteria and PbO2 electrochemical sensor. Vibrio-qinghaiensis, a kind of luminescent bacteria, can produce bioluminescence and the bioluminescence was decreased with the addition of toxicants. The toxicities of cyanide and tetrarnine were expressed as 10 min-EC50 value, which was the concentration of chemical that reduces the light output by 50% after contact for 10 min. Nano PbO2 modified electrode, a rapid toxicity determination method was also described in this work. By the PbO2 modified electrode, the current responses of Escherichia coli （E. coli） were changed with the addition of toxicants. The value of 10 min-EC50 was also provided with the PbO2 electrochemical sensor. Compared with the 10 min-EC50 and detection limits （38.38 and 0.60 μg/mL for cyanide, 0.24 and 0.02 μg/mL for tetramine） with luminescent bacteria, the PbO2 sensor provided a simple and convenient method with lower 10 min-EC50 and detection limits （26.37 and 0.52 μg/mL for cyanide, 0.21 and 0.01 μg/mL for tetramine） and fast response time.展开更多
Model evolution is crucial for understanding the effects and safety of drugs in pharmacological and toxicological research.Traditional cell lines and animal models have contributed significantly to drug development.No...Model evolution is crucial for understanding the effects and safety of drugs in pharmacological and toxicological research.Traditional cell lines and animal models have contributed significantly to drug development.Nonetheless,cell lines lack the complex architecture and cell-cell interactions of real organs,and animal models may not accurately predict human responses because of species differences.Organoids are in vitro models that closely mimic the architecture and function of native organs,enabling them to more accurately reflect the physiological and pathological states of the human body and fill the gap between traditional models and in vivo human studies.They show great potential for organ development,disease progression,and preclinical drug screening.This review comprehensively analyzes the impact of organoid technology on pharmacological and toxicological models;explores their applications in drug screening,toxicity assessment,and mechanistic research;and discusses the current limitations and future prospects of organoid pharmacology and toxicology,providing a theoretical basis for promoting the development of more effective and safer drugs.展开更多
Two-dimensional （2D） nanosheets have emerged as an important class of nanomaterial with great potential in the field of biomedicines, particularly in cancer theranostics. However, owing to the lack of effective meth...Two-dimensional （2D） nanosheets have emerged as an important class of nanomaterial with great potential in the field of biomedicines, particularly in cancer theranostics. However, owing to the lack of effective methods that synthesize uniform 2D nanomaterials with controlled size, systematic evaluation of size-dependent bio-behaviors of 2D nanomaterials is rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report a systematic evaluation of the influence of size of 2D nanomaterials on their bio-behaviors. 2D Pd nanosheets with diameters ranging from 5 to 80 nm were synthesized and tested in cell and animal models to assess their size-dependent bioapplication, biodistribution, elimination, toxicity, and genomic gene expression profiles. Our results showed size significantly influences the biological behaviors of Pd nanosheets, including their photothermal and photoacoustic effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Compared to larger-sized Pd nanosheets, smaller-sized Pd nanosheets exhibited more advanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal effects upon ultralow laser irradiation. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that 5-nm Pd nanosheets escape from the reticuloendothelial system with a longer blood half-life and can be cleared by renal excretion, while Pd nanosheets with larger sizes mainly accumulate in the liver and spleen. The 30-nm Pd nanosheets exhibited the highest tumor accumulation. Although Pd nanosheets did not cause any appreciable toxicity at the cellular level, we observed slight lipid accumulation in the liver and inflammation in the spleen. Genomic gene expression analysis showed that 80-nm Pd nanosheets interacted with more cellular components and affected more biological processes in the liver, as compared to 5-nm Pd nanosheets. We believe this work will provide valuable information and insights into the clinical application of 2D Pd nanosheets as nanomedicines.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52370168)the Key Laboratory of Functional Biology and Pollution Control in red soil regions of Jiangxi Province(No.2023SSY02051)。
文摘Antibiotic-contaminated wastewater poses a global threat to aquatic ecosystems.Fenton-like oxidative processes effectively decompose recalcitrant pollutants.While these oxidative processes effectively break down target contaminants,they may also produce uncontrolled intermediates,potentially resulting in unexpected combined toxicities.This review explores the chemical mechanisms behind Fenton-like reactions,particularly in antibiotic removal,and evaluates the formation of byproducts and their potential toxicological effects.Furthermore,recommendations for optimizing catalyst design and treatment conditions are provided to enhance degradation performance while minimizing ecological risks.This study highlights critical concerns regarding the toxicity of degradation byproducts and their impact on ecosystems by integrating chemical and biological risk assessments.By integrating chemical and biological risk assessments with computational toxicology,particularly quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)modeling,this study proposes a comprehensive approach to evaluate degradation and toxicity.This work highlights the importance of a comprehensive framework for evaluating degradation efficiency and toxicity,contributing to safer and more effective antibiotic wastewater treatment strategies.The findings underscore the importance of balancing degradation efficiency with environmental safety in wastewater treatment processes involving advanced oxidative technologies.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 21777067)the Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2019679)+1 种基金Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution for Environmental Protection (No. GHBK-001)the Open Fund of the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,Northeast Normal University (No. 130028903)。
文摘Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H2O2 oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system was 89.1% with the production of Cl-and PO4^3- of 0.23 and 0.64 mg/L. The removal rate of total organic carbon of the reaction was 48.8% and the pH reached 3.3 after the reaction. The oxidative degradation process of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system obeyed the first order kinetic reaction with the apparent rate constant of 0.0025 min^-1( R^2 = 0.9788). The intermediate products were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The addition reaction of HO · and H2O and the oxidation reaction with H2O2 were found during the degradation pathway of 5 mg/L TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system. For the first time, environment risk was estimated via the "ecological structure activity relationships" program and acute and chronic toxicity changes of intermediate products were pointed out. The luminescence inhibition rate of photobacterium was used to evaluate the acute toxicity of intermediate products. The results showed that the toxicity of the intermediate products increased with the increase of reaction time, which may be due to the production of chlorine compounds. Some measures should be introduced to the UV/H2O2 system to remove the highly toxic Cl-containing compounds, such as a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis unit.
文摘Nephrotoxic potential of laboratory cultures of freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green al ga) Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 (Pasteur Institute) was assessed in male rats. The ani mals were injected intraperitoneally with 0. 5, 1. 0 and 2. 0 LD50 doses of lyophilized cell ex tract. Elevated plasma urea and creatinine levels were accompanied by decrease in protein and albumin levels, followed by hematuria, proteinuria and bilirubinuria. Also decrease in kidney lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase indicated possible nephrotoxic po tential of the cyanobacteria. The extract also produced various hematological changes associat ed with stagnant type of hypoxia. High perfomance liquid chromatography of the culture I dentified the active principle (toxin) as Microcystin-LR
文摘Laboratory cultures of freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 was cvaluated for its hepatotoxic effects in rats. The lyophilized cell extract injected intraperitoneally at 1 and 2 LD50 (15.8 and 31.6 mg/kg, respectively) produced significant increase in liver-specific enzymes viz. plasma alkaline phosphatase,γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase with a concomitant decrease in hepatic glutamic pyruvic transaminase. A corresponding increase in liver body weight index and histopathological changes in liver (degeneration of hepatocytes, congestion and hemorrhage etc.) are indicative of a dose and time dependent hepatotoxic nature of the algal extract
基金The work is supported by National Basic Research Project No. 2001CB409709, NNSFC project (49906007, 39950001, 20177023, 40076030), CAS Innovation Project (KZCX2-206), Direct Project of CAS and Project of the Commission of Science, Shandong Province.
文摘Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. The species is compared with M. bahia in taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphology, as well as the sensitivity to reference toxins. Based on the results, we recommend N. awatschensis to be a standard marine organism for toxicity test in China and the method to be applied in toxicity evaluation of drilling fluids. In this paper, we report the results of the above studies and the application of the method in the evaluation of several drilling fluid products.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30771113)the Southeast University Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars (No.4023001013)
文摘Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) can be used to determine the specific toxicant(s) in industrial effluents.In the current study,the authors have attempted to combine the advantages of the model organism,Caenorhabditis elegans,with the virtues of the TIE technique,to evaluate and identify the toxicity on aging from a paper recycling mill effluent.The results indicate that only the toxicities from mixed cellulose (MC) filtration and EDTA treatment are similar to the baseline aging toxicity,suggesting ...
基金the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2018HH0038)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Resource utilization of chrome shavings(CS)has attracted a lot of attention from scientists and technologists in leather industry.Especially,the collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS are expected to find potential application values in agricultural field.However,there is no biotoxicity analysis of collagen hydrolysates from CS.Herein,the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced from CS by three hydrolysis dechroming methods including alkaline hydrolysis,enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline-enzymatic synergistic hydrolysis,and the optimal hydrolysis process of CS was designed and conducted.To evaluate their toxicity,the three collagen hydrolysates were formulated into a nutrient solution for zebrafish development.The obtained results indicated that the hydrolysates with low concentrations(less than 0.6 mg/mL)were safe and could promote the development for zebrafish embryos.Furthermore,the three collagen hydrolysates were utilized as organic nitrogen sources and formulated into amino acid water-soluble fertilizers(AAWSF)including alkaline type fertilizer(OH),enzymatic type fertilizer(M)and alkaline-enzymatic type fertilizer(OH-M)for the early soilless seeding cultivation of wheat,soybean and rapeseed.It is worth mentioning that the chromium contents in the prepared AAWSF were less than 10 mg/kg,which is far less than the limit value in the standard(China,50 mg/kg).The growth and development of seedlings(germination rate,plant height,fresh weight of leaves,soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content)were investigated.The corresponding results showed that the growth of seedlings watered with AAWSF was better compared with the other treatments,and the OH-M fertilizer had the best promoting effect on the seedlings growth and development,followed by the M and OH fertilizers.The safe toxicity assessment of the collagen hydrolysates will expand their application scope,and the use of collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS for seedlings growth also provides an effective and reason-able way to deal with the chromium-containing leather solid waste,which is an effective way to realize its resource utilization.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province University Basic Science(natural science)Research Major Project(Grant No.:24KJA360007,China)Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine TCM First-classDiscipline“Leading Plan”Scientific Research Project(Grant No.:ZYXYL2024-001,China)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:U21A20408,81873189,China)Jiangsu Provincial TCM Science and Technology Development Program Project(Grant No.:MS2021004,China)High-Level Key Discipline Construction Project of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Resource Chemistry of Chinese Medicinal Materials(Grant No.:ZYYZDXK-2023083,China)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chinese Medicine Innovation Team and Talent Support Program Project(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-D-202005,China)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(Grant No.:202410315138Y,China).
文摘Drug toxicity is closely related to both clinical drug safety and new drug development.Therefore,it is vital to understand the mechanisms of drug toxicity fully and to use appropriate research models with advanced technologies.Zebrafish has become an important vertebrate animal model for highthroughput drug screening and toxicity assessment.At the same time,zebrafish has an intact biological complexity,reflecting the whole organism's toxicity,which gives it an advantage over other highthroughput models in toxicity studies.Despite the gradual increase in toxicity studies utilizing zebrafish,a comprehensive and systematic review of the underlying mechanisms and new techniques is still lacking.This review aims to analyze common toxicity mechanisms in zebrafish models,such as oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress,inflammation,and apoptosis,and macroscopic changes in biological processes like lipid metabolism disorders and neurotransmitter expression abnormalities.It also introduces new technologies applied in toxicity assessment,such as gene editing,novel fluorescence imaging technology,3D imaging technology,and novel automated technology for high-throughput screening,such as fish capsules.In addition,it also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the model.By doing so,it will provide new suggestions for the development and improvement of the model,make it better serve the toxicity study of clinical drugs and provide a more comprehensive perspective for drug toxicity study,thus promoting the development of the field of drug toxicity study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30771113,30870810)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universityprovided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center(Funded by the NIH,National Center for Foundation from Research Resource,USA)
文摘We used toxicity identification evaluation(TIE)method to confirm the combinational effects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill effluent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.Exposure to Ca+Al caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca,or Al;and exposure to Ca+Fe induced more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca,or Fe.Exposure to Ca+Al+Fe caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca,or Ca+Fe.Moreover,the baseline toxicity on lifespan was doubled by doubling the concentration of combined metals(Ca+Al+Fe)in spiking test in original effluent(oe),and lifespan defects in oe+Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematodes were more severe than that in Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematode.Therefore,Ca+Al+Fe exposure may largely explain the formation of decreased lifespan induced by the examined industrial effluent.Furthermore,the observed reduction of lifespan induced by the combination of high level of Ca with other metals may be at least partially independent of the insulin-like pathway.
文摘Metabonomics,a key aspect of systems biology,offers novel approaches for early diagnosis,pharmacotherapy,and health management in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This paper summarizes its applications in establishing TCM quality standards,exploring material basis,clarifying mechanism,and assessing toxicity.By profiling TCM and its metabolites,metabonomics comprehensively captures chemical traits,enhancing quality evaluation precision.It also tracks metabolic dynamics to understand TCM’s absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,thereby facilitating the identification of active components and their underlying mechanisms.In toxicity assessment,metabonomics uncovers hepatic and renal toxicity while elucidating potential mechanisms.In summary,metabonomics fosters TCM modernization and globalization,serving as a pivotal tool for advancing research and development.
基金This work was supported bythe National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFD1700102,2023YFD1700300)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2023RC3028)the Guizhou Provincial Foundation for Excellent Scholars Program(No.GCC2023069).
文摘The low efficiency of herbicide formulations poses environmental risks during spraying.Nano-based encapsulation technology can enhance utilization efficiency for sustainable agriculture.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)serve as potential nanocarriers for pesticide loading,although their poor solubility limits the loading capacity.Herein,the insoluble herbicide quinclorac(QNC)was loaded into a pyrene-based COF(BA-COF)via one-step solvothermal synthesis to fabricate a nanoherbicide formulation(QNC@BA-COF).Molecular dynamics simulations showed that QNC molecules were loaded into the BA-COF viaπ-πstacking interactions.QNC@BACOF was 44.7%more effective against barnyard grass(Echinochloa crus-galli)than commercial QNC wettable powder(QNC WP)at 100 g ai/hm²,with minimal adverse effects on rice(Oryza sativa)seedlings and reduced toxicity toward zebrafish(Danio rerio),and human cells.Additionally,QNC@BA-COF-treated soil contained more beneficial microbes than those treated with QNC.This study presents a novel method for loading insoluble agrochemicals and a promising nanoherbicide formulation for sustainable agriculture.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 20475017 and 20675032） and Shanghai Rising-Star Program （No. 06QH14004）.
文摘The toxicities of cyanide and tetramethylene disulfotetramine （tetramine） were evaluated by two methods of luminescent bacteria and PbO2 electrochemical sensor. Vibrio-qinghaiensis, a kind of luminescent bacteria, can produce bioluminescence and the bioluminescence was decreased with the addition of toxicants. The toxicities of cyanide and tetrarnine were expressed as 10 min-EC50 value, which was the concentration of chemical that reduces the light output by 50% after contact for 10 min. Nano PbO2 modified electrode, a rapid toxicity determination method was also described in this work. By the PbO2 modified electrode, the current responses of Escherichia coli （E. coli） were changed with the addition of toxicants. The value of 10 min-EC50 was also provided with the PbO2 electrochemical sensor. Compared with the 10 min-EC50 and detection limits （38.38 and 0.60 μg/mL for cyanide, 0.24 and 0.02 μg/mL for tetramine） with luminescent bacteria, the PbO2 sensor provided a simple and convenient method with lower 10 min-EC50 and detection limits （26.37 and 0.52 μg/mL for cyanide, 0.21 and 0.01 μg/mL for tetramine） and fast response time.
基金funded in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0711102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82227808 and 21872026)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20221459 and BK20222008)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB240)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750406)the Open Research Fund of Southeast University and Jiangsu Province Hospital(2024-K02).
文摘Model evolution is crucial for understanding the effects and safety of drugs in pharmacological and toxicological research.Traditional cell lines and animal models have contributed significantly to drug development.Nonetheless,cell lines lack the complex architecture and cell-cell interactions of real organs,and animal models may not accurately predict human responses because of species differences.Organoids are in vitro models that closely mimic the architecture and function of native organs,enabling them to more accurately reflect the physiological and pathological states of the human body and fill the gap between traditional models and in vivo human studies.They show great potential for organ development,disease progression,and preclinical drug screening.This review comprehensively analyzes the impact of organoid technology on pharmacological and toxicological models;explores their applications in drug screening,toxicity assessment,and mechanistic research;and discusses the current limitations and future prospects of organoid pharmacology and toxicology,providing a theoretical basis for promoting the development of more effective and safer drugs.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （Nos. 2014CB932004 and 2015CB932303） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21420102001, 21131005 and 81422023）.
文摘Two-dimensional （2D） nanosheets have emerged as an important class of nanomaterial with great potential in the field of biomedicines, particularly in cancer theranostics. However, owing to the lack of effective methods that synthesize uniform 2D nanomaterials with controlled size, systematic evaluation of size-dependent bio-behaviors of 2D nanomaterials is rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report a systematic evaluation of the influence of size of 2D nanomaterials on their bio-behaviors. 2D Pd nanosheets with diameters ranging from 5 to 80 nm were synthesized and tested in cell and animal models to assess their size-dependent bioapplication, biodistribution, elimination, toxicity, and genomic gene expression profiles. Our results showed size significantly influences the biological behaviors of Pd nanosheets, including their photothermal and photoacoustic effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Compared to larger-sized Pd nanosheets, smaller-sized Pd nanosheets exhibited more advanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal effects upon ultralow laser irradiation. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that 5-nm Pd nanosheets escape from the reticuloendothelial system with a longer blood half-life and can be cleared by renal excretion, while Pd nanosheets with larger sizes mainly accumulate in the liver and spleen. The 30-nm Pd nanosheets exhibited the highest tumor accumulation. Although Pd nanosheets did not cause any appreciable toxicity at the cellular level, we observed slight lipid accumulation in the liver and inflammation in the spleen. Genomic gene expression analysis showed that 80-nm Pd nanosheets interacted with more cellular components and affected more biological processes in the liver, as compared to 5-nm Pd nanosheets. We believe this work will provide valuable information and insights into the clinical application of 2D Pd nanosheets as nanomedicines.
