The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is i...The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection.In this study,we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence(AI)generative model,proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.This method utilizes Raman imaging to swiftly and non-invasively capture tissue Raman images,which are then transformed into hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained histopathological images using an AI generative model for histopathological diagnosis.The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions.Independently reviewed by three pathologists,the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%.Notably,it outperforms current clinical practices,especially in TSCC with positive lymph node metastasis or moderately differentiated grades.This advancement highlights the potential of AI-enhanced Raman imaging to significantly improve intraoperative assessments and surgical margin evaluations,promising a versatile diagnostic tool beyond TSCC.展开更多
Objective To identify the key features of facial and tongue images associated with anemia in female populations,establish anemia risk-screening models,and evaluate their performance.Methods A total of 533 female parti...Objective To identify the key features of facial and tongue images associated with anemia in female populations,establish anemia risk-screening models,and evaluate their performance.Methods A total of 533 female participants(anemic and healthy)were recruited from Shuguang Hospital.Facial and tongue images were collected using the TFDA-1 tongue and face diagnosis instrument.Color and texture features from various parts of facial and tongue images were extracted using Face Diagnosis Analysis System(FDAS)and Tongue Diagnosis Analysis System version 2.0(TDAS v2.0).Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression was used for feature selection.Ten machine learning models and one deep learning model(ResNet50V2+Conv1D)were developed and evaluated.Results Anemic women showed lower a-values,higher L-and b-values across all age groups.Texture features analysis showed that women aged 30–39 with anemia had higher angular second moment(ASM)and lower entropy(ENT)values in facial images,while those aged 40–49 had lower contrast(CON),ENT,and MEAN values in tongue images but higher ASM.Anemic women exhibited age-related trends similar to healthy women,with decreasing L-values and increasing a-,b-,and ASM-values.LASSO identified 19 key features from 62.Among classifiers,the Artificial Neural Network(ANN)model achieved the best performance[area under the curve(AUC):0.849,accuracy:0.781].The ResNet50V2 model achieved comparable results[AUC:0.846,accuracy:0.818].Conclusion Differences in facial and tongue images suggest that color and texture features can serve as potential TCM phenotype and auxiliary diagnostic indicators for female anemia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with head and neck cancer often develop depressive symptoms during radiochemotherapy due to changes in saliva secretion,radiation-induced oral mucositis,and dysphagia.These symptoms significantly a...BACKGROUND Patients with head and neck cancer often develop depressive symptoms during radiochemotherapy due to changes in saliva secretion,radiation-induced oral mucositis,and dysphagia.These symptoms significantly affect quality of life.Although existing nursing interventions provide some relief,they have limitations in improving swallowing function and developing coping strategies.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of tongue pressure resistance feedback training combined with empowerment education in improving depressive symptoms and swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiochemotherapy.METHODS This study included 110 patients with head and neck cancer who exhibited depressive symptoms and underwent radiochemotherapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were randomly assigned to either a reference group or an experimental group,each comprising 55 patients.The reference group received routine care,whereas the experimental group received tongue pressure resistance feedback training and empowerment education.After 6 weeks of continuous intervention,comparisons were made between the two groups regarding depressive symptom scores,swallowing function,coping strategies,and quality of life,both pre-and post-intervention.RESULTS Following the intervention,both groups demonstrated decreased scores for depressive symptoms and swallowing function,with the experimental group showing a significantly greater reduction than the reference group(P<0.05).The experimental group also demonstrated higher confrontation scores and lower avoidance and submission scores for coping strategies than the reference group(P<0.05).Quality of life scores improved in both groups after the intervention,with the experimental group showing markedly higher scores than the reference group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of tongue pressure resistance feedback training and empowerment education is effective in alleviating depressive symptoms,enhancing swallowing function,optimizing coping strategies,and significantly improving the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiochemotherapy.This approach shows promise for clinical applications and promotion.展开更多
Referring to the questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview,this paper explores the negative transfer of mother tongue in junior high school English writing and analyzes the existing problems.The results show ...Referring to the questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview,this paper explores the negative transfer of mother tongue in junior high school English writing and analyzes the existing problems.The results show that the negative transfer of mother tongue has a significant impact on junior high school students’English writing.The main errors are found at four levels:morphological level,lexical level,syntactic level and textual level.In order to deal with the errors caused by the negative transfer of mother tongue in students’English writing,it is suggested that teachers create an English language environment for students as far as possible and help students form English thinking,use contrastive analysis teaching strategies,making a comparison between English and Chinese expressions and cultural differences and pay attention to the training of students’basic knowledge of English to help students improve their English writing ability.展开更多
Objective To investigate morphological differences between obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease(CAD)patients using computer-aided image analysis,and identify color and texture features for tradition...Objective To investigate morphological differences between obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease(CAD)patients using computer-aided image analysis,and identify color and texture features for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation.Methods This prospective study enrolled patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography(CTA)at the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between May 1,2024 and August 7,2025.Based on CTA results,patients were categorized into obstructive CAD and non-obstructive CAD groups.Standardized tongue images were acquired using a dedicated mobile application(Traditional Chinese Medicine Tongue Image-Assisted Diagnosis System)and analyzed for the overall tongue surface and three macroscopic features(tooth marks,fissures,and red dots)from which high-dimensional color and texture parameters were extracted.Multi-scale texture features were derived using spatial-domain Laplacian pyramid and frequency-domain wavelet transform methods.Dimensionality reduction and feature selection were performed using principal component analysis(PCA)and random forest with 5-fold cross-validation.Feature stability was assessed using Hodges-Lehmann estimator and Cliff’s δ.A multi-view XGBoost model was developed to differentiate the two groups and evaluated on a temporally independent validation set using accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)analysis was applied to interpret model decisions.Results This study analyzed 373 CAD patients,including 167 with obstructive CAD and 206 with non-obstructive CAD according to CTA results.The whole cohort was divided into training set(n=316,obstructive:non-obstructive=142:174)and validation set(n=57,obstructive:non-obstructive=25:32),with balanced baseline characteristics(P>0.05).Macroscopic tongue analysis revealed that patients with obstructive CAD had fewer tooth marks[odds ratio(OR)=0.43,P<0.05]and red dots(OR=0.46,P<0.05).High-dimensional color analysis identified pronounced intergroup differences,most notably a reduction in hue values in the hue-saturation-intensity(HSI)color space among obstructive CAD patients(Cliff’s δ=-0.31,P=2.72×10^(-6);Hodges-Lehmann estimator:-0.31).PCA results suggested that tongue surface features explained the highest proportion of variance(48.2%).Random forest screening identified 77 stable features across all tongue regions,with wavelet-transformed texture features demonstrating the highest importance.The multi-view XGBoost fusion model achieved an accuracy of 75%and an AUC of 0.779 in the independent validation set.SHAP analysis identified the wavelet-based feature-left-handed lower-level gray-level size zone matrix zone variance(LHL_glszm_ZoneVariance)as the top predictor,accounting for 40.6%of the model's decision variance,and indicated that 85.3%of the predictive power came from wavelet-based texture features.Conclusion This study has provided objective evidence for the TCM concept that“the tongue reflects the heart”by identifying distinct morphological and colorimetric tongue patterns in patients with obstructive CAD through artificial intelligence(AI)-driven image analysis,and the promising performance of the computational model suggests its potential as a non-invasive adjunctive tool for CAD assessment.展开更多
The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum(a salty tongue)in the northwestern tropical Atlantic.T...The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum(a salty tongue)in the northwestern tropical Atlantic.The sea surface salinity positive anomaly starts increasing in July,reaches its maximum in January,and then disappears.The local maximum of salinity appears in the late boreal autumn/winter,when the Amazon discharge is minimal and the salty water from the South Atlantic is transported by the North Brazil Current along the shelf break across the equator.The authors validate the satellite observations in this area and assess the vertical structure of the salinity maximum by using in situ measurements and an in situ-interpolated product.展开更多
One reference in the original manuscript contained incorrect bibliographic information and cited a non-existent publication:Traczyk A(1999)Pleistocene debris cover beds and block-debris tongues in the north-western pa...One reference in the original manuscript contained incorrect bibliographic information and cited a non-existent publication:Traczyk A(1999)Pleistocene debris cover beds and block-debris tongues in the north-western part of theŚlęża Massif(Poland)and their formation under permafrost conditions.Geographia Polonica 81(1).This erroneous reference has now been removed from the references list.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of professor WU Lian-zhong＇s ＂resuscitation and regulating muscle＂ acupuncture method for spasmodic torticollis（ST） based on syndrome differentiation,and to compar...Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of professor WU Lian-zhong＇s ＂resuscitation and regulating muscle＂ acupuncture method for spasmodic torticollis（ST） based on syndrome differentiation,and to compare the efficacy of acupuncture treatment between the patients with spasmodic torticollis who were not given botulinum toxin A by injection and the patients given botulinum toxin A by injection.Methods Forty patients were divided into treatment group（not given botulinum toxin A by injection） and control group（given botulinum toxin A by injection）,with 20 patients in each group.＂Resuscitation and regulating muscle＂ acupuncture method was adopted in both two groups,and the treatment lasted for 6 months.The clinical efficacy in both two groups was compared after treatment.Tsui＇s Scale was applied to evaluate the overall effect,the abnormal posture of cervical spine and dystonic tremor.Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale（TWSTRS） was used for scoring the severity of torticollis,quality of life and pain.Results After treatment,the markedly effective rate and the total effective rate in treatment group were 35.0% and 90.0%,respectively,which were superior to those in control group,namely 20.0% and 75.0%,and the efficacy difference was statistically significant for the total effective rate（P0.05）.It was shown according to the Tsui＇s Scale and TWSTRS that the differences were statistically significant when compared the two groups before and after treatment（all P0.01）;the difference of intergroup comparison after treatment was statistically significant（P0.05）.No adverse effect was found in both two groups during acupuncture treatment.Conclusion ＂Resuscitation and regulating muscle＂ acupuncture method can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of ST patients,and better efficacy is found in the patients not given botulinum toxin A by injection.The course of treatment of acupuncture treatment for torticollis patients is longer,and the patients should insist on treatment,and keep a good attitude.展开更多
The transfer of mother tongue has always been influencing students in second language acquisition.This paper attempts to analyze the negative transfer in vocabulary of non-English majors in vocational colleges and bri...The transfer of mother tongue has always been influencing students in second language acquisition.This paper attempts to analyze the negative transfer in vocabulary of non-English majors in vocational colleges and briefly proposes some strategies to reduce the negative transfer of mother tongue.展开更多
The paper discusses 3 significant differences between Chinese and English. It proposes that because of the differences, the transfer of mother tongue into the target language tends to appear in the negative form. The ...The paper discusses 3 significant differences between Chinese and English. It proposes that because of the differences, the transfer of mother tongue into the target language tends to appear in the negative form. The negative transfer of Chinese into English is the major cause of the so-called Chinglish. The paper states some forms of the negative transfer.展开更多
With the development of English as an international language,English speakers are widely spread in the world.The English learning fashion has been greatly changed since the culture background of English as a langauge ...With the development of English as an international language,English speakers are widely spread in the world.The English learning fashion has been greatly changed since the culture background of English as a langauge has shifted to a mixed cultures instead of just British and American. But the standard varieties of British and American English have been accepted as the only generally accepted forms of standard English in China.The language learning fashion in China is about to undertake a big paradigm shift.This paper is an analysis of the English learning pattern shift in Chinese setting and therefore suggests a practical activities to apply this concept in English learning classes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82272955 and 22203057)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J011361).
文摘The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection.In this study,we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence(AI)generative model,proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.This method utilizes Raman imaging to swiftly and non-invasively capture tissue Raman images,which are then transformed into hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained histopathological images using an AI generative model for histopathological diagnosis.The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions.Independently reviewed by three pathologists,the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%.Notably,it outperforms current clinical practices,especially in TSCC with positive lymph node metastasis or moderately differentiated grades.This advancement highlights the potential of AI-enhanced Raman imaging to significantly improve intraoperative assessments and surgical margin evaluations,promising a versatile diagnostic tool beyond TSCC.
基金Funding This research was funded by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82305090,No.82104738)Key Discipline Construction Project of High-level Traditional Chinese Medicine of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Traditional Chinese Medical Diagnostics(ZYYZDXK-2023069)+5 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Project(No.20234Y0168,No.2024QN018)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Rising Star Cultivation Project(No.22YF1448900)Capacity Building of Local Colleges and Universities under the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(21010504400)General Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732337)Shanghai“Super Postdoctoral”Incentive Plan(2022509)Science and Technology Development Project of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(23KFL005).
文摘Objective To identify the key features of facial and tongue images associated with anemia in female populations,establish anemia risk-screening models,and evaluate their performance.Methods A total of 533 female participants(anemic and healthy)were recruited from Shuguang Hospital.Facial and tongue images were collected using the TFDA-1 tongue and face diagnosis instrument.Color and texture features from various parts of facial and tongue images were extracted using Face Diagnosis Analysis System(FDAS)and Tongue Diagnosis Analysis System version 2.0(TDAS v2.0).Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression was used for feature selection.Ten machine learning models and one deep learning model(ResNet50V2+Conv1D)were developed and evaluated.Results Anemic women showed lower a-values,higher L-and b-values across all age groups.Texture features analysis showed that women aged 30–39 with anemia had higher angular second moment(ASM)and lower entropy(ENT)values in facial images,while those aged 40–49 had lower contrast(CON),ENT,and MEAN values in tongue images but higher ASM.Anemic women exhibited age-related trends similar to healthy women,with decreasing L-values and increasing a-,b-,and ASM-values.LASSO identified 19 key features from 62.Among classifiers,the Artificial Neural Network(ANN)model achieved the best performance[area under the curve(AUC):0.849,accuracy:0.781].The ResNet50V2 model achieved comparable results[AUC:0.846,accuracy:0.818].Conclusion Differences in facial and tongue images suggest that color and texture features can serve as potential TCM phenotype and auxiliary diagnostic indicators for female anemia.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with head and neck cancer often develop depressive symptoms during radiochemotherapy due to changes in saliva secretion,radiation-induced oral mucositis,and dysphagia.These symptoms significantly affect quality of life.Although existing nursing interventions provide some relief,they have limitations in improving swallowing function and developing coping strategies.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of tongue pressure resistance feedback training combined with empowerment education in improving depressive symptoms and swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiochemotherapy.METHODS This study included 110 patients with head and neck cancer who exhibited depressive symptoms and underwent radiochemotherapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were randomly assigned to either a reference group or an experimental group,each comprising 55 patients.The reference group received routine care,whereas the experimental group received tongue pressure resistance feedback training and empowerment education.After 6 weeks of continuous intervention,comparisons were made between the two groups regarding depressive symptom scores,swallowing function,coping strategies,and quality of life,both pre-and post-intervention.RESULTS Following the intervention,both groups demonstrated decreased scores for depressive symptoms and swallowing function,with the experimental group showing a significantly greater reduction than the reference group(P<0.05).The experimental group also demonstrated higher confrontation scores and lower avoidance and submission scores for coping strategies than the reference group(P<0.05).Quality of life scores improved in both groups after the intervention,with the experimental group showing markedly higher scores than the reference group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of tongue pressure resistance feedback training and empowerment education is effective in alleviating depressive symptoms,enhancing swallowing function,optimizing coping strategies,and significantly improving the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiochemotherapy.This approach shows promise for clinical applications and promotion.
文摘Referring to the questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview,this paper explores the negative transfer of mother tongue in junior high school English writing and analyzes the existing problems.The results show that the negative transfer of mother tongue has a significant impact on junior high school students’English writing.The main errors are found at four levels:morphological level,lexical level,syntactic level and textual level.In order to deal with the errors caused by the negative transfer of mother tongue in students’English writing,it is suggested that teachers create an English language environment for students as far as possible and help students form English thinking,use contrastive analysis teaching strategies,making a comparison between English and Chinese expressions and cultural differences and pay attention to the training of students’basic knowledge of English to help students improve their English writing ability.
基金Youth Qihuang Scholar Support Project(20201A2180)。
文摘Objective To investigate morphological differences between obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease(CAD)patients using computer-aided image analysis,and identify color and texture features for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation.Methods This prospective study enrolled patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography(CTA)at the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between May 1,2024 and August 7,2025.Based on CTA results,patients were categorized into obstructive CAD and non-obstructive CAD groups.Standardized tongue images were acquired using a dedicated mobile application(Traditional Chinese Medicine Tongue Image-Assisted Diagnosis System)and analyzed for the overall tongue surface and three macroscopic features(tooth marks,fissures,and red dots)from which high-dimensional color and texture parameters were extracted.Multi-scale texture features were derived using spatial-domain Laplacian pyramid and frequency-domain wavelet transform methods.Dimensionality reduction and feature selection were performed using principal component analysis(PCA)and random forest with 5-fold cross-validation.Feature stability was assessed using Hodges-Lehmann estimator and Cliff’s δ.A multi-view XGBoost model was developed to differentiate the two groups and evaluated on a temporally independent validation set using accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)analysis was applied to interpret model decisions.Results This study analyzed 373 CAD patients,including 167 with obstructive CAD and 206 with non-obstructive CAD according to CTA results.The whole cohort was divided into training set(n=316,obstructive:non-obstructive=142:174)and validation set(n=57,obstructive:non-obstructive=25:32),with balanced baseline characteristics(P>0.05).Macroscopic tongue analysis revealed that patients with obstructive CAD had fewer tooth marks[odds ratio(OR)=0.43,P<0.05]and red dots(OR=0.46,P<0.05).High-dimensional color analysis identified pronounced intergroup differences,most notably a reduction in hue values in the hue-saturation-intensity(HSI)color space among obstructive CAD patients(Cliff’s δ=-0.31,P=2.72×10^(-6);Hodges-Lehmann estimator:-0.31).PCA results suggested that tongue surface features explained the highest proportion of variance(48.2%).Random forest screening identified 77 stable features across all tongue regions,with wavelet-transformed texture features demonstrating the highest importance.The multi-view XGBoost fusion model achieved an accuracy of 75%and an AUC of 0.779 in the independent validation set.SHAP analysis identified the wavelet-based feature-left-handed lower-level gray-level size zone matrix zone variance(LHL_glszm_ZoneVariance)as the top predictor,accounting for 40.6%of the model's decision variance,and indicated that 85.3%of the predictive power came from wavelet-based texture features.Conclusion This study has provided objective evidence for the TCM concept that“the tongue reflects the heart”by identifying distinct morphological and colorimetric tongue patterns in patients with obstructive CAD through artificial intelligence(AI)-driven image analysis,and the promising performance of the computational model suggests its potential as a non-invasive adjunctive tool for CAD assessment.
基金financed by the Funda?ao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia(FCT)through the project UIDP/04292/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04292/2020)UIDB/04292/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04292/2020)+2 种基金awarded to MARE and through project LA/P/0069/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0069/2020)granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNETfunded by the European Space Agency through the SMOS Expert Support Laboratory(ESL)for SMOS Level 2 over land,ocean,ice[4000130567/20/I-BG]MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501,100,011,033 through the project INTERACT[PID2020-114623RB-C31]。
文摘The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum(a salty tongue)in the northwestern tropical Atlantic.The sea surface salinity positive anomaly starts increasing in July,reaches its maximum in January,and then disappears.The local maximum of salinity appears in the late boreal autumn/winter,when the Amazon discharge is minimal and the salty water from the South Atlantic is transported by the North Brazil Current along the shelf break across the equator.The authors validate the satellite observations in this area and assess the vertical structure of the salinity maximum by using in situ measurements and an in situ-interpolated product.
文摘One reference in the original manuscript contained incorrect bibliographic information and cited a non-existent publication:Traczyk A(1999)Pleistocene debris cover beds and block-debris tongues in the north-western part of theŚlęża Massif(Poland)and their formation under permafrost conditions.Geographia Polonica 81(1).This erroneous reference has now been removed from the references list.
基金Supported by WU Lian-zhong Inheritance Studio of National Famous and Veteran TCM Experts
文摘Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of professor WU Lian-zhong＇s ＂resuscitation and regulating muscle＂ acupuncture method for spasmodic torticollis（ST） based on syndrome differentiation,and to compare the efficacy of acupuncture treatment between the patients with spasmodic torticollis who were not given botulinum toxin A by injection and the patients given botulinum toxin A by injection.Methods Forty patients were divided into treatment group（not given botulinum toxin A by injection） and control group（given botulinum toxin A by injection）,with 20 patients in each group.＂Resuscitation and regulating muscle＂ acupuncture method was adopted in both two groups,and the treatment lasted for 6 months.The clinical efficacy in both two groups was compared after treatment.Tsui＇s Scale was applied to evaluate the overall effect,the abnormal posture of cervical spine and dystonic tremor.Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale（TWSTRS） was used for scoring the severity of torticollis,quality of life and pain.Results After treatment,the markedly effective rate and the total effective rate in treatment group were 35.0% and 90.0%,respectively,which were superior to those in control group,namely 20.0% and 75.0%,and the efficacy difference was statistically significant for the total effective rate（P0.05）.It was shown according to the Tsui＇s Scale and TWSTRS that the differences were statistically significant when compared the two groups before and after treatment（all P0.01）;the difference of intergroup comparison after treatment was statistically significant（P0.05）.No adverse effect was found in both two groups during acupuncture treatment.Conclusion ＂Resuscitation and regulating muscle＂ acupuncture method can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of ST patients,and better efficacy is found in the patients not given botulinum toxin A by injection.The course of treatment of acupuncture treatment for torticollis patients is longer,and the patients should insist on treatment,and keep a good attitude.
文摘The transfer of mother tongue has always been influencing students in second language acquisition.This paper attempts to analyze the negative transfer in vocabulary of non-English majors in vocational colleges and briefly proposes some strategies to reduce the negative transfer of mother tongue.
文摘The paper discusses 3 significant differences between Chinese and English. It proposes that because of the differences, the transfer of mother tongue into the target language tends to appear in the negative form. The negative transfer of Chinese into English is the major cause of the so-called Chinglish. The paper states some forms of the negative transfer.
文摘With the development of English as an international language,English speakers are widely spread in the world.The English learning fashion has been greatly changed since the culture background of English as a langauge has shifted to a mixed cultures instead of just British and American. But the standard varieties of British and American English have been accepted as the only generally accepted forms of standard English in China.The language learning fashion in China is about to undertake a big paradigm shift.This paper is an analysis of the English learning pattern shift in Chinese setting and therefore suggests a practical activities to apply this concept in English learning classes.
