Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deteri...Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation.Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema(DME),a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula.The development of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)provides highresolution imaging of the anatomy,including the aging of DME and its structural damage,in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema,thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment.The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment.OCT angiography(OCTA)provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution.The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods.This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME,as well as their respective therapeutic applications.展开更多
Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.Howev...Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.However,the increasing demand for higher resolution and real-time imaging results in significant data volume,limiting data storage,transmission and processing efficiency of system.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to compress the raw data without compromising image quality.This paper presents a photoacoustic-computed tomography 3D data compression method and system based on Wavelet-Transformer.This method is based on the cooperative compression framework that integrates wavelet hard coding with deep learning-based soft decoding.It combines the multiscale analysis capability of wavelet transforms with the global feature modeling advantage of Transformers,achieving high-quality data compression and reconstruction.Experimental results using k-wave simulation suggest that the proposed compression system has advantages under extreme compression conditions,achieving a raw data compression ratio of up to 1:40.Furthermore,three-dimensional data compression experiment using in vivo mouse demonstrated that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)values of reconstructed images reached 38.60 and 0.9583,effectively overcoming detail loss and artifacts introduced by raw data compression.All the results suggest that the proposed system can significantly reduce storage requirements and hardware cost,enhancing computational efficiency and image quality.These advantages support the development of photoacoustic-computed tomography toward higher efficiency,real-time performance and intelligent functionality.展开更多
This comprehensive study investigates the formation and evolution of intermetallic compounds during the solidification process of magnesium alloys using advanced micro X-ray computed tomography.By analyzing both commo...This comprehensive study investigates the formation and evolution of intermetallic compounds during the solidification process of magnesium alloys using advanced micro X-ray computed tomography.By analyzing both common industrial Mg-Al-Zn alloys and a novel rare earth-containing Mg-Ni-Gd-Y alloy,we aim to characterize the nucleation,growth,and distribution of Al-Mn and eutectic intermetallics across various stages of solidification.The non destructive imaging technique employed in this research provides high-resolution,three-dimensional insights into the microstructural development,allowing for a detailed examination of the morphology,spatial arrangement,and interconnectivity of intermetallic phases.This approach overcomes limitations of traditional two-dimensional metallographic methods,offering a more comprehensive understanding of the complex three-dimensional structures formed during solidification.展开更多
The conventional optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)algorithm is implemented in the linear domain,which may lead to the neglect of weak blood flow information.Logarithmic transformation is widely used in si...The conventional optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)algorithm is implemented in the linear domain,which may lead to the neglect of weak blood flow information.Logarithmic transformation is widely used in signal analysis to improve the contrast of weak signals.However,decorrelation-based OCTA in the logarithmic domain is also sensitive to the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)even in high SNR regions,introducing strong flow artifacts that severely reduce the blood vessel contrast.A metric—static-to-dynamic ratio(SDR)—was used to quantify weak flow signals,and a weak flow model among decorrelation,SDR,and SNR was established.Based on this model,we proposed a log-scale inverse SDR-based OCTA method(logiSDR-OCTA),which simultaneously and effectively reduces SNR-induced flow artifacts in static regions and prevents the attenuation of the flow signal in dynamic regions.The in vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that the contrast of the mouse brain logiSDR images was 2.43 times that of linear-scale decorrelation images and 2.71 times that of log-scale subtraction images;the contrast of the human retina logiSDR images was 4.91 times that of linear-scale decorrelation images and 3.56 times that of log-scale subtraction images.展开更多
Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effect...Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.Conventional imaging techniques,such as endoscopy and histopathology,provide valuable diagnostic information but cannot offer real-time assessment.We aim to explore the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT),combined with statistical and machine learning methods,for rapid tumor margin demarcation in gastrointestinal(GI)cancer tissues in exvivo.GI tumor specimens from 17 patients were imaged intraoperatively with OCT.Quantitative features were extracted from the images,and statistical and machine learning analyses were applied to distinguish tissue types.Subsequent histopathological evaluation was used as the reference standard for validation.The combination of OCT imaging and data-driven analysis enables clear differentiation between healthy,marginal and tumor tissues in near real-time.The KNN model achieved the highest classification accuracy(0.921±0.040),with SVM(0.906±0.038)and Extra Trees(0.901±0.034)also demonstrating robust performance in discriminating tissue margins.OCT findings demonstrate strong agreement with histopathology.Integrated with statistical and machine learning techniques,OCT enables rapid assessment of GI tumor margins.This approach provides quantitative objectivity and real-time feedback,closely approximating histopathological analysis and supporting improved surgical decision-making.展开更多
Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatmen...Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatment.Traditionally,diagnosis relies on optical coherence tomography imaging technology interpreted by ophthalmologists.However,this manual image interpretation is often slow and subjective.Therefore,developing automated segmentation for macular edema images is essential to enhance to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy.Methods:In order to improve clinical diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,we proposed a SegNet network structure integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM).This network introduces a multi-scale input module,the CBAM attention mechanism,and jump connection.The multi-scale input module enhances the network’s perceptual capabilities,while the lightweight CBAM effectively fuses relevant features across channels and spatial dimensions,allowing for better learning of varying information levels.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves an IoU of 80.127%and an accuracy of 99.162%.Compared to the traditional segmentation network,this model has fewer parameters,faster training and testing speed,and superior performance on semantic segmentation tasks,indicating its highly practical applicability.Conclusion:The C-SegNet proposed in this study enables accurate segmentation of Diabetic macular edema lesion images,which facilitates quicker diagnosis for healthcare professionals.展开更多
Intense light diffusion and attenuation through turbid biological tissues compromise the achievable depth,resolution,and contrast in optoacoustic tomography(OAT).We propose to mitigate this limitation by exploiting ul...Intense light diffusion and attenuation through turbid biological tissues compromise the achievable depth,resolution,and contrast in optoacoustic tomography(OAT).We propose to mitigate this limitation by exploiting ultrasound waves to locally modulate the refractive index of scattering samples,effectively generating embedded light waveguides.Here,the ultrasound-induced waveguides enhanced light delivery into deep targets,achieving up to 110%improvement in contrast-to-noise ratio of OAT images at a depth of eight mean free scattering paths.Furthermore,ultrasound-mediated light focusing enables breaking through the acoustic diffraction limit by attaining 25μm spatial resolution via localization OAT without the need for external circulating contrast agents.These findings demonstrate the potential of ultrasoundinduced light guiding for enabling label-free super-resolution OAT with enhanced contrast and depth.展开更多
The Urumqi foreland thrust tectonic belt exhibits complex geological structures and strong seismicity.Imaging its shallow crustal structure is of great significance for understanding its tectonic mechanism and seismog...The Urumqi foreland thrust tectonic belt exhibits complex geological structures and strong seismicity.Imaging its shallow crustal structure is of great significance for understanding its tectonic mechanism and seismogenic environment.We obtained a high-resolution S-wave velocity model of the shallow crust at depths of 0–8 km using ambient noise tomography applied to data from a dense seismic array.Sediments are generally thinner in the southeast and thicker in the northwest,with a maximum thickness of more than 8 km.Variations in the velocity structure near the Xishan,Wanyaogou,and Yamalike faults indicate that their formation was related to differences in the physical properties on either side of the fault.In addition,the faults exhibit thrusting of the low-velocity sides towards the high-velocity sides.In the study area,earthquakes rarely occur at depths of less than 3 km and are mostly concentrated in the high-velocity zone in the southern part.Below 3 km depth,more earthquakes were observed,mainly distributed near faults or in relatively high-velocity areas in the southern part.This suggests that high-velocity structures are more prone to stress accumulation,resulting in earthquakes.At 6–8 km depth,the densely distributed earthquakes in the northwestern part of the Bogda mountains are well-aligned with the northwest-oriented low-velocity zone observed in this study,suggesting that this weak zone likely controls seismicity in this area.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early screening,preoperative staging,and diagnosis of lymph node metastasis are crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer(GC).AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined multidetector compu...BACKGROUND Early screening,preoperative staging,and diagnosis of lymph node metastasis are crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer(GC).AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined multidetector computed tomography(MDCT)and gastrointestinal endoscopy for GC screening,preoperative staging,and lymph node metastasis detection,thereby providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS In this retrospective study clinical and imaging data of 134 patients with suspected GC who were admitted between January 2023 and October 2024 were initially reviewed.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,102 patients were finally enrolled in the analysis.All enrolled patients had undergone both MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy examinations prior to surgical intervention.Preoperative clinical staging and lymph node metastasis findings were compared with pathological results.RESULTS The combined use of MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 98.53%,specificity of 97.06%,accuracy of 98.04%,positive predictive value of 98.53%,and negative predictive value of 97.06%for diagnosing GC.These factors were all significantly higher than those of MDCT or endoscopy alone(P<0.05).The accuracy rates of the combined approach for detecting clinical T and N stages were 97.06%and 92.65%,respectively,outperforming MDCT alone(86.76% and 79.41%)and endoscopy alone(85.29% and 70.59%)(P<0.05).Among 68 patients with confirmed GC,50(73.53%)were pathologically diagnosed with lymph node metastasis.The accuracy for detecting lymph node metastasis was 66.00%with endoscopy,76.00%with MDCT,and 92.00% with the combined approach,all with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined application of MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy enhanced diagnostic accuracy for GC,provided greater consistency in preoperative staging,and improved the detection of lymph node metastasis,thereby demonstrating significant clinical utility.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)titration is a crucial technique in mechanical ventilation therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)patients with intra-abdominal hypertensio...BACKGROUND:Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)titration is a crucial technique in mechanical ventilation therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)patients with intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH).This study aimed to evaluate the eff ectiveness of electrical impedance tomography(EIT)-guided PEEP titration in this population.METHODS:This prospective study enrolled 36 ARDS patients,including 22 patients with IAH and 14 without IAH.All the patients underwent EIT-guided PEEP titration at the intersection point between alveolar overdistension and collapse during a decremental PEEP trial.The changes in pulmonary ventilation distribution,respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics during the titration process were observed.RESULTS:After EIT-guided PEEP titration was performed,the PEEP,peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure increased significantly(P<0.05).Furthermore,no significant differences were observed in respiratory system compliance,tidal volume,driving pressure,or the 4*DP+RR index between the two groups(P>0.05).The mechanical power increased in the non-IAH(NIAH)group after PEEP titration(P<0.05).Ventilation in gravity-dependent lung regions significantly increased(P<0.05),and the oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2)improved signifi cantly(P<0.05)in both groups.However,blood pressure,heart rate,respiratory rate,central venous pressure,and lactate levels did not signifi cantly change.In the IAH group,the PaO2/FiO2 ratio improved less than that in the NIAH group did(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In our study,individualized PEEP titration guided by EIT improved oxygenation in ARDS patients with concomitant IAH without signifi cantly aff ecting hemodynamics.The presence of IAH may limit the improvement of oxygenation during EIT-guided PEEP titration.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This o...AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.展开更多
Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance to...Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance tomography enables real-time monitoring of changes in cerebral blood perfusion within the ischemic brain,but investigating the feasibility of using this method to assess post-stroke rehabilitation in vivo remains critical.In this study,ischemic stroke was induced in rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was used to treat the rat model of ischemia,and electrical impedance tomography was used to measure impedance during both the acute stage of ischemia and the rehabilitation stage following the stimulation.Electrical impedance tomography results indicated that cerebral impedance increased after the onset of ischemia and decreased following transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation.Furthermore,the stimulation promoted motor function recovery,reduced cerebral infarction volume in the rat model of ischemic stroke,and induced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic brain.Our results also revealed a significant correlation between the impedance of the ischemic brain post-intervention and improvements in behavioral scores and infarct volume.This study shows that daily administration of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation for 20 minutes to the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after cerebral ischemia enhanced motor recovery in a rat model of ischemia.Additionally,our findings indicate that electrical impedance tomography can serve as a valuable tool for quantitatively evaluating rehabilitation after ischemic stroke in vivo.These findings suggest the feasibility of using impedance data collected via electrical impedance tomography to clinically assess the effects of rehabilitatory interventions for patients with ischemic stroke.展开更多
Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely p...Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely poor prognosis,with a global increased incidence due to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).The 18Ffludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)combines glucose metabolic information(reflecting the glycolytic activity of tumor cells)with anatomical structure to assess tumor metabolic heterogeneity,systemic metastasis,and molecular characteristics noninvasively,overcoming the limitations of traditional imaging in the detection of micrometastases and recurrent lesions.18F-FDG PET/CT offers critical insights in clinical staging,therapeutic evaluation,and prognostic prediction of BTC.This article reviews research progress in this field over the past decade,with a particular focus on the advances made in the last 3 years,which have not been adequately summarized and recognized.The research paradigm in this field is shifting from qualitative to quantitative studies,and there have been significant breakthroughs in using 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic information to predict gene expression in ICC.Radiomics and deep learning techniques have been applied to ICC for prognostic prediction and differential diagnosis.Additionally,PET/magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly demonstrating its value in this field.展开更多
In order to investigate the effects of two mineral admixtures （i. e., fly ash and ground slag）on initial defects existing in concrete microstructures, a high-resolution X-ray micro-CT（ micro-focus computer tomogra...In order to investigate the effects of two mineral admixtures （i. e., fly ash and ground slag）on initial defects existing in concrete microstructures, a high-resolution X-ray micro-CT（ micro-focus computer tomography）is employed to quantitatively analyze the initial defects in four series of highperformance concrete （HPC）specimens with additions of different mineral admixtures. The nigh-resolution 3D images of microstructures and filtered defects are reconstructed by micro- CT software. The size distribution and volume fractions of initial defects are analyzed based on 3D and 2D micro-CT images. The analysis results are verified by experimental results of watersuction tests. The results show that the additions of mineral admixtures in concrete as cementitious materials greatly change the geometrical properties of the microstructures and the spatial features of defects by physical-chemistry actions of these mineral admixtures. This is the major cause of the differences between the mechanical behaviors of HPC with and without mineral admixtures when the water-to-binder ratio and the size distribution of aggregates are constant.展开更多
Primary malignant lymphoma of the prostate is exceedingly rare.Here we report a case of a 65-year-old man who presented with increased urinary frequency,urinary urgency,and urinary incontinence for two years.Benign pr...Primary malignant lymphoma of the prostate is exceedingly rare.Here we report a case of a 65-year-old man who presented with increased urinary frequency,urinary urgency,and urinary incontinence for two years.Benign prostatic hypertrophy was suspected at primary impression.Ultrasound revealed a hypoechoic lesion of the prostate.The total serum prostate-specific antigen was within normal range.Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography(PET/CT)showed a hypermetabolic prostatic lesion.Prostate biopsy was consistent with a non-germinal center diffuse large B cell lymphoma.There was complete remission of the prostatic lesion following six cycles of chemotherapy as shown on the second PET/CT imaging.18F-fluoro-deoxy glucose PET/CT is not only a complement to conventional imaging,but also plays a significant role in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response of prostatic lymphoma.展开更多
Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),as conventional imaging modalities,are the preferred methodology for tumor,nodal and systemic metastasis (TNM) staging. However,all the noninvasive techniq...Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),as conventional imaging modalities,are the preferred methodology for tumor,nodal and systemic metastasis (TNM) staging. However,all the noninvasive techniques in current use are not sufficiently able to identify primary tumors and even unable to define the extent of metastatic spread. In addition,relying exclusively on macromorphological characteristics to make a conclusion runs the risk of misdiagnosis due mainly to the intrinsic limitations of the imaging modalities themselves. Solely based on the macromorphological characteristics of cancer,one cannot give an appropriate assessment of the biological characteristics of tumors. Currently,positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) are more and more widely available and their application with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in oncology has become one of the standard imaging modalities in diagnosing and staging of tumors,and monitoring the therapeutic efficacy in hepatic malignancies. Recently,investigators have measured glucose utilization in liver tumors using 18F-FDG,PET and PET/CT in order to establish diagnosis of tumors,assess their biologic characteristics and predict therapeutic effects on hepatic malignancies. PET/ CT with 18F-FDG as a radiotracer may further enhance the hepatic malignancy diagnostic algorithm by accurate diagnosis,staging,restaging and evaluating its biological characteristics,which can benefit the patients suffering from hepatic metastases,hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.展开更多
Objective：To evaluate the clinical value with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography（PET/CT） imaging for the detection of vulnerable plaque in atherosclerotic lesions. Methods：Sixty people with a age...Objective：To evaluate the clinical value with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography（PET/CT） imaging for the detection of vulnerable plaque in atherosclerotic lesions. Methods：Sixty people with a age of over 60[mean age （69.2 ± 7.1）years] underwent three dimension（3D） whole-body fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose（^18F-FDG） PET/CT imaging and were evaluated retrospectively, including 6 cases assessed as normal and 54 cases with active atherosclerotic plaque. Fifty-four cases with SUVs and CT values in the aortic wall of high-FDG-uptake were measured retrospectively. These high-FDG-uptake cases in the aortic wall were divided into three groups according their CT value. Cases in group 1 had high uptake in atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic wall with CT value of less than 60 Hu（soft plaque）. Cases in group 2 had high uptake with CT value between 60-100 Hu （intermediate plaque）, Cases in group 3 had high uptake with CT value more than 100 Hu（calcified plaque）, Group 4 was normal. Results： In group 1, there were 42 high-FDG-uptake sites （average SUV 1.553 ± 0.486）. In group 2, there were 30 high-FDG-uptake sites（average SUV 1.393 ± 0.296）. In group 3, there were 36 high-FDG-uptake sites（average SUV 1.354 ± 0.189）. In group 4, there were 33 normal-FDG-uptake sites （average SUV was 1.102 ± 0.141）, The SUVs showed significant difference among the four groups（F = 678.909, P = 0.000）. There were also significant difference found between the normal-FDG-uptake group and the high-FDG-uptake groups（P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, respectively）. Conclusion：Different degrees of ^18F-FDG uptake in active large atherosclerotic plaque were shown in different stages of atherosclerotic plaque formation. The soft plaque had the highest FDG uptake in this study. This suggested that ^18F- FDG PET/CT imaging may be of great potential value in early diagnosis and monitoring of vulnerable soft plaque in atherosclerotic lesions.展开更多
Despite lung cancer(LC) screening by low-dose computerized tomography(LDCT) gaining many proponents worldwide, for many years it was not recognized as a life-prolonging and cost-effective procedure, until recently. Pr...Despite lung cancer(LC) screening by low-dose computerized tomography(LDCT) gaining many proponents worldwide, for many years it was not recognized as a life-prolonging and cost-effective procedure, until recently. Prospective observational studies had not been able to prove that this screening prolongs survival, but they helped to specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Long-awaited results of a prospective, randomized trial finally provided the evidence that LC screening with LDCT can prolong survival of the screened population. Several costeffectiveness analyses were performed to justify mass introduction of this screening. Results of these analyses are equivocal, although conclusions highly depend upon inclusion and exclusion criteria, methods of analysis and prices of medical procedures which differ between countries as well as the incidence of other pulmonary nodules, especially tuberculosis. Therefore, costeffectiveness analysis should be performed separately for every country. Cost-effectiveness depends especially upon the rate of false-positive results and the rate of unnecessary diagnostic, screening and treatment procedures. To ensure high cost-effectiveness, LC screening should be performed in accordance with screening protocol, in dedicated screening centers equipped with nodule volume change analysis, or as a prospective non-randomized trial, to ensure compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To ensure high cost-effectiveness of LC screening, future research should concentrate on determination of highrisk groups and further specifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.展开更多
Photon-counting computed tomography(PCCT)represents a significant advancement in pediatric cardiovascular imaging.Traditional CT systems employ energy-integrating detectors that convert X-ray photons into visible ligh...Photon-counting computed tomography(PCCT)represents a significant advancement in pediatric cardiovascular imaging.Traditional CT systems employ energy-integrating detectors that convert X-ray photons into visible light,whereas PCCT utilizes photon-counting detectors that directly transform X-ray photons into electric signals.This direct conversion allows photon-counting detectors to sort photons into discrete energy levels,thereby enhancing image quality through superior noise reduction,improved spatial and contrast resolution,and reduced artifacts.In pediatric applications,PCCT offers substantial benefits,including lower radiation doses,which may help reduce the risk of malignancy in pediatric patients,with perhaps greater potential to benefit those with repeated exposure from a young age.Enhanced spatial resolution facilitates better visualization of small structures,vital for diagnosing congenital heart defects.Additionally,PCCT’s spectral capabilities improve tissue characterization and enable the creation of virtual monoenergetic images,which enhance soft-tissue contrast and potentially reduce contrast media doses.Initial clinical results indicate that PCCT provides superior image quality and diagnostic accuracy compared to conven-tional CT,particularly in challenging pediatric cardiovascular cases.As PCCT technology matures,further research and standardized protocols will be essential to fully integrate it into pediatric imaging practices,ensuring optimized diagnostic outcomes and patient safety.展开更多
BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing malignant tumors,and diagnosing these tumors can be challenging.AIM To confirm the benefits of using peripherally inserted central cathete...BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing malignant tumors,and diagnosing these tumors can be challenging.AIM To confirm the benefits of using peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)in contrast-enhanced computerized tomography(CECT)for diagnostic imaging in diabetic patients with malignant tumors and to provide a research basis for follow-up research.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 204 diabetic patients with malignancies treated at The Second Affiliated Hospital,Jiangxi Medical College,Nanchang University,from January 2024 to June 2024.The patients were divided into two groups:A control group(n=102)with indwelling peripheral intravenous catheters and a research group(n=102)with high-pressure-resistant PICC.The study compared baseline data,the incidence of iodine contrast extravasation during CECT,the incidence of adverse events(discomfort,redness and swelling at the puncture site,and blood oozing),imaging quality,nursing time,intubation success rate,number of venipuncture attempts,and catheter maintenance cost.RESULTS Male patients accounted for 51.96%in the control group and 55.88%in the research group;the average age was(59.68±11.82)years in the control group and(61.41±12.92)years in the research group;the proportions of lung cancer,colorectal cancer,and gastric cancer patients in the control group were 42.16%,38.24%,and 19.61%,respectively,while those in the research group were 34.31%,37.25%,and 28.43%,respectively.Except for the gender distribution,age,and cancer type mentioned above,other general information such as underlying diseases,puncture location,and long-term chemotherapy shows no significant differences as tested(P>0.05).The results showed that the research group had significantly reduced incidence of iodine contrast extravasation(7 vs 1,P=0.031),similar incidence of adverse events(11 vs 7,P=0.324),reduced nursing time[(18.50±2.68)minutes vs(13.26±3.00)minutes,P=0.000],fewer venipuncture attempts[(2.21±0.78)times vs(1.49±0.58)times,P=0.000],lower catheter maintenance cost[(1251.79±205.47)China yuan(CNY)vs(1019.25±117.28)CNY,P=0.000],increased intubation success rate(16.67%vs 58.82%,P=0.000),and better imaging quality(85.29%vs 94.12%,P=0.038).CONCLUSION High-pressure-resistant PICCs can lessen the physical burden of diabetic patients during nursing,reduce treatment costs,and improve the efficiency and quality of imaging for diagnosis malignant tumors.展开更多
文摘Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation.Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema(DME),a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula.The development of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)provides highresolution imaging of the anatomy,including the aging of DME and its structural damage,in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema,thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment.The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment.OCT angiography(OCTA)provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution.The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods.This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME,as well as their respective therapeutic applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant No.2023YFF0713600]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.62275062]+3 种基金Project of Shandong Innovation and Startup Community of High-end Medical Apparatus and Instruments[Grant No.2023-SGTTXM-002 and 2024-SGTTXM-005]the Shandong Province Technology Innovation Guidance Plan(Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund)[Grant No.YDZX2023115]the Taishan Scholar Special Funding Project of Shandong Provincethe Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai[Grant No.ZL202402].
文摘Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.However,the increasing demand for higher resolution and real-time imaging results in significant data volume,limiting data storage,transmission and processing efficiency of system.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to compress the raw data without compromising image quality.This paper presents a photoacoustic-computed tomography 3D data compression method and system based on Wavelet-Transformer.This method is based on the cooperative compression framework that integrates wavelet hard coding with deep learning-based soft decoding.It combines the multiscale analysis capability of wavelet transforms with the global feature modeling advantage of Transformers,achieving high-quality data compression and reconstruction.Experimental results using k-wave simulation suggest that the proposed compression system has advantages under extreme compression conditions,achieving a raw data compression ratio of up to 1:40.Furthermore,three-dimensional data compression experiment using in vivo mouse demonstrated that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)values of reconstructed images reached 38.60 and 0.9583,effectively overcoming detail loss and artifacts introduced by raw data compression.All the results suggest that the proposed system can significantly reduce storage requirements and hardware cost,enhancing computational efficiency and image quality.These advantages support the development of photoacoustic-computed tomography toward higher efficiency,real-time performance and intelligent functionality.
基金Project(2023YFB4606200)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2023-SSRF-HZ-503114-2)supported by Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,Instrument BL16U2,China。
文摘This comprehensive study investigates the formation and evolution of intermetallic compounds during the solidification process of magnesium alloys using advanced micro X-ray computed tomography.By analyzing both common industrial Mg-Al-Zn alloys and a novel rare earth-containing Mg-Ni-Gd-Y alloy,we aim to characterize the nucleation,growth,and distribution of Al-Mn and eutectic intermetallics across various stages of solidification.The non destructive imaging technique employed in this research provides high-resolution,three-dimensional insights into the microstructural development,allowing for a detailed examination of the morphology,spatial arrangement,and interconnectivity of intermetallic phases.This approach overcomes limitations of traditional two-dimensional metallographic methods,offering a more comprehensive understanding of the complex three-dimensional structures formed during solidification.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFF0700503,2022YFC2404201,and 2021YFF0700700)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20240024 and BK20220263)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy(Grant No.XDB1020000)the Suzhou Pilot Program for Basic Research(Grant No.SSD2023018)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y2023087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075235)。
文摘The conventional optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)algorithm is implemented in the linear domain,which may lead to the neglect of weak blood flow information.Logarithmic transformation is widely used in signal analysis to improve the contrast of weak signals.However,decorrelation-based OCTA in the logarithmic domain is also sensitive to the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)even in high SNR regions,introducing strong flow artifacts that severely reduce the blood vessel contrast.A metric—static-to-dynamic ratio(SDR)—was used to quantify weak flow signals,and a weak flow model among decorrelation,SDR,and SNR was established.Based on this model,we proposed a log-scale inverse SDR-based OCTA method(logiSDR-OCTA),which simultaneously and effectively reduces SNR-induced flow artifacts in static regions and prevents the attenuation of the flow signal in dynamic regions.The in vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that the contrast of the mouse brain logiSDR images was 2.43 times that of linear-scale decorrelation images and 2.71 times that of log-scale subtraction images;the contrast of the human retina logiSDR images was 4.91 times that of linear-scale decorrelation images and 3.56 times that of log-scale subtraction images.
基金supported by the financial support received from the Indian Council of Medical Research-Department of Health Research(ICMRDHR-CoE-5/3/8/5/2019/I-MDMS)Medical Device and Diagnostics Mission Secretariat(MDMS)and Foundation for Centre for Healthcare Entrepreneurship(CfHE).
文摘Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.Conventional imaging techniques,such as endoscopy and histopathology,provide valuable diagnostic information but cannot offer real-time assessment.We aim to explore the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT),combined with statistical and machine learning methods,for rapid tumor margin demarcation in gastrointestinal(GI)cancer tissues in exvivo.GI tumor specimens from 17 patients were imaged intraoperatively with OCT.Quantitative features were extracted from the images,and statistical and machine learning analyses were applied to distinguish tissue types.Subsequent histopathological evaluation was used as the reference standard for validation.The combination of OCT imaging and data-driven analysis enables clear differentiation between healthy,marginal and tumor tissues in near real-time.The KNN model achieved the highest classification accuracy(0.921±0.040),with SVM(0.906±0.038)and Extra Trees(0.901±0.034)also demonstrating robust performance in discriminating tissue margins.OCT findings demonstrate strong agreement with histopathology.Integrated with statistical and machine learning techniques,OCT enables rapid assessment of GI tumor margins.This approach provides quantitative objectivity and real-time feedback,closely approximating histopathological analysis and supporting improved surgical decision-making.
基金supported by the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 2024 Higher Education Research Projects(GKP202403,GMP202402)the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programs(Grant No.202504302033,202504302034,202504302036,and 202504302244).
文摘Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatment.Traditionally,diagnosis relies on optical coherence tomography imaging technology interpreted by ophthalmologists.However,this manual image interpretation is often slow and subjective.Therefore,developing automated segmentation for macular edema images is essential to enhance to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy.Methods:In order to improve clinical diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,we proposed a SegNet network structure integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM).This network introduces a multi-scale input module,the CBAM attention mechanism,and jump connection.The multi-scale input module enhances the network’s perceptual capabilities,while the lightweight CBAM effectively fuses relevant features across channels and spatial dimensions,allowing for better learning of varying information levels.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves an IoU of 80.127%and an accuracy of 99.162%.Compared to the traditional segmentation network,this model has fewer parameters,faster training and testing speed,and superior performance on semantic segmentation tasks,indicating its highly practical applicability.Conclusion:The C-SegNet proposed in this study enables accurate segmentation of Diabetic macular edema lesion images,which facilitates quicker diagnosis for healthcare professionals.
基金supported by the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Grant No.101002460)。
文摘Intense light diffusion and attenuation through turbid biological tissues compromise the achievable depth,resolution,and contrast in optoacoustic tomography(OAT).We propose to mitigate this limitation by exploiting ultrasound waves to locally modulate the refractive index of scattering samples,effectively generating embedded light waveguides.Here,the ultrasound-induced waveguides enhanced light delivery into deep targets,achieving up to 110%improvement in contrast-to-noise ratio of OAT images at a depth of eight mean free scattering paths.Furthermore,ultrasound-mediated light focusing enables breaking through the acoustic diffraction limit by attaining 25μm spatial resolution via localization OAT without the need for external circulating contrast agents.These findings demonstrate the potential of ultrasoundinduced light guiding for enabling label-free super-resolution OAT with enhanced contrast and depth.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2020B03006-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42304069,and 42102275).
文摘The Urumqi foreland thrust tectonic belt exhibits complex geological structures and strong seismicity.Imaging its shallow crustal structure is of great significance for understanding its tectonic mechanism and seismogenic environment.We obtained a high-resolution S-wave velocity model of the shallow crust at depths of 0–8 km using ambient noise tomography applied to data from a dense seismic array.Sediments are generally thinner in the southeast and thicker in the northwest,with a maximum thickness of more than 8 km.Variations in the velocity structure near the Xishan,Wanyaogou,and Yamalike faults indicate that their formation was related to differences in the physical properties on either side of the fault.In addition,the faults exhibit thrusting of the low-velocity sides towards the high-velocity sides.In the study area,earthquakes rarely occur at depths of less than 3 km and are mostly concentrated in the high-velocity zone in the southern part.Below 3 km depth,more earthquakes were observed,mainly distributed near faults or in relatively high-velocity areas in the southern part.This suggests that high-velocity structures are more prone to stress accumulation,resulting in earthquakes.At 6–8 km depth,the densely distributed earthquakes in the northwestern part of the Bogda mountains are well-aligned with the northwest-oriented low-velocity zone observed in this study,suggesting that this weak zone likely controls seismicity in this area.
文摘BACKGROUND Early screening,preoperative staging,and diagnosis of lymph node metastasis are crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer(GC).AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined multidetector computed tomography(MDCT)and gastrointestinal endoscopy for GC screening,preoperative staging,and lymph node metastasis detection,thereby providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS In this retrospective study clinical and imaging data of 134 patients with suspected GC who were admitted between January 2023 and October 2024 were initially reviewed.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,102 patients were finally enrolled in the analysis.All enrolled patients had undergone both MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy examinations prior to surgical intervention.Preoperative clinical staging and lymph node metastasis findings were compared with pathological results.RESULTS The combined use of MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 98.53%,specificity of 97.06%,accuracy of 98.04%,positive predictive value of 98.53%,and negative predictive value of 97.06%for diagnosing GC.These factors were all significantly higher than those of MDCT or endoscopy alone(P<0.05).The accuracy rates of the combined approach for detecting clinical T and N stages were 97.06%and 92.65%,respectively,outperforming MDCT alone(86.76% and 79.41%)and endoscopy alone(85.29% and 70.59%)(P<0.05).Among 68 patients with confirmed GC,50(73.53%)were pathologically diagnosed with lymph node metastasis.The accuracy for detecting lymph node metastasis was 66.00%with endoscopy,76.00%with MDCT,and 92.00% with the combined approach,all with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined application of MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy enhanced diagnostic accuracy for GC,provided greater consistency in preoperative staging,and improved the detection of lymph node metastasis,thereby demonstrating significant clinical utility.
基金PEEP titration in ARDS patients using EIT combined with lung ultrasound,Key Laboratory of Emergency Trauma Research,Ministry of Education (KLET-202201)airway clearance protocol in ICU mechanically ventilated patients based on electrical impedance imaging technology,Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2024JJ9148)effects of end expiratory positive pressure on lung re-expansion in patients with ARDS and intra-abdominal hypertension monitored using lung ultrasound,Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ60308)
文摘BACKGROUND:Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)titration is a crucial technique in mechanical ventilation therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)patients with intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH).This study aimed to evaluate the eff ectiveness of electrical impedance tomography(EIT)-guided PEEP titration in this population.METHODS:This prospective study enrolled 36 ARDS patients,including 22 patients with IAH and 14 without IAH.All the patients underwent EIT-guided PEEP titration at the intersection point between alveolar overdistension and collapse during a decremental PEEP trial.The changes in pulmonary ventilation distribution,respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics during the titration process were observed.RESULTS:After EIT-guided PEEP titration was performed,the PEEP,peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure increased significantly(P<0.05).Furthermore,no significant differences were observed in respiratory system compliance,tidal volume,driving pressure,or the 4*DP+RR index between the two groups(P>0.05).The mechanical power increased in the non-IAH(NIAH)group after PEEP titration(P<0.05).Ventilation in gravity-dependent lung regions significantly increased(P<0.05),and the oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2)improved signifi cantly(P<0.05)in both groups.However,blood pressure,heart rate,respiratory rate,central venous pressure,and lactate levels did not signifi cantly change.In the IAH group,the PaO2/FiO2 ratio improved less than that in the NIAH group did(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In our study,individualized PEEP titration guided by EIT improved oxygenation in ARDS patients with concomitant IAH without signifi cantly aff ecting hemodynamics.The presence of IAH may limit the improvement of oxygenation during EIT-guided PEEP titration.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nos.G2021KY05107,G2021KY05101the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32071316,32211530049+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,No.2022-JM482the Education and Teaching Reform Funds for the Central Universities,No.23GZ230102(all to LL and HH).
文摘Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance tomography enables real-time monitoring of changes in cerebral blood perfusion within the ischemic brain,but investigating the feasibility of using this method to assess post-stroke rehabilitation in vivo remains critical.In this study,ischemic stroke was induced in rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was used to treat the rat model of ischemia,and electrical impedance tomography was used to measure impedance during both the acute stage of ischemia and the rehabilitation stage following the stimulation.Electrical impedance tomography results indicated that cerebral impedance increased after the onset of ischemia and decreased following transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation.Furthermore,the stimulation promoted motor function recovery,reduced cerebral infarction volume in the rat model of ischemic stroke,and induced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic brain.Our results also revealed a significant correlation between the impedance of the ischemic brain post-intervention and improvements in behavioral scores and infarct volume.This study shows that daily administration of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation for 20 minutes to the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after cerebral ischemia enhanced motor recovery in a rat model of ischemia.Additionally,our findings indicate that electrical impedance tomography can serve as a valuable tool for quantitatively evaluating rehabilitation after ischemic stroke in vivo.These findings suggest the feasibility of using impedance data collected via electrical impedance tomography to clinically assess the effects of rehabilitatory interventions for patients with ischemic stroke.
文摘Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely poor prognosis,with a global increased incidence due to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).The 18Ffludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)combines glucose metabolic information(reflecting the glycolytic activity of tumor cells)with anatomical structure to assess tumor metabolic heterogeneity,systemic metastasis,and molecular characteristics noninvasively,overcoming the limitations of traditional imaging in the detection of micrometastases and recurrent lesions.18F-FDG PET/CT offers critical insights in clinical staging,therapeutic evaluation,and prognostic prediction of BTC.This article reviews research progress in this field over the past decade,with a particular focus on the advances made in the last 3 years,which have not been adequately summarized and recognized.The research paradigm in this field is shifting from qualitative to quantitative studies,and there have been significant breakthroughs in using 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic information to predict gene expression in ICC.Radiomics and deep learning techniques have been applied to ICC for prognostic prediction and differential diagnosis.Additionally,PET/magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly demonstrating its value in this field.
基金The Scholarship Supported by Ministry of Education of China for Research Abroad(No.3037[2006])the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Foundation of Southeast University (No.YBTJ-0512)the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2009CB623203)
文摘In order to investigate the effects of two mineral admixtures （i. e., fly ash and ground slag）on initial defects existing in concrete microstructures, a high-resolution X-ray micro-CT（ micro-focus computer tomography）is employed to quantitatively analyze the initial defects in four series of highperformance concrete （HPC）specimens with additions of different mineral admixtures. The nigh-resolution 3D images of microstructures and filtered defects are reconstructed by micro- CT software. The size distribution and volume fractions of initial defects are analyzed based on 3D and 2D micro-CT images. The analysis results are verified by experimental results of watersuction tests. The results show that the additions of mineral admixtures in concrete as cementitious materials greatly change the geometrical properties of the microstructures and the spatial features of defects by physical-chemistry actions of these mineral admixtures. This is the major cause of the differences between the mechanical behaviors of HPC with and without mineral admixtures when the water-to-binder ratio and the size distribution of aggregates are constant.
文摘Primary malignant lymphoma of the prostate is exceedingly rare.Here we report a case of a 65-year-old man who presented with increased urinary frequency,urinary urgency,and urinary incontinence for two years.Benign prostatic hypertrophy was suspected at primary impression.Ultrasound revealed a hypoechoic lesion of the prostate.The total serum prostate-specific antigen was within normal range.Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography(PET/CT)showed a hypermetabolic prostatic lesion.Prostate biopsy was consistent with a non-germinal center diffuse large B cell lymphoma.There was complete remission of the prostatic lesion following six cycles of chemotherapy as shown on the second PET/CT imaging.18F-fluoro-deoxy glucose PET/CT is not only a complement to conventional imaging,but also plays a significant role in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response of prostatic lymphoma.
文摘Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),as conventional imaging modalities,are the preferred methodology for tumor,nodal and systemic metastasis (TNM) staging. However,all the noninvasive techniques in current use are not sufficiently able to identify primary tumors and even unable to define the extent of metastatic spread. In addition,relying exclusively on macromorphological characteristics to make a conclusion runs the risk of misdiagnosis due mainly to the intrinsic limitations of the imaging modalities themselves. Solely based on the macromorphological characteristics of cancer,one cannot give an appropriate assessment of the biological characteristics of tumors. Currently,positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) are more and more widely available and their application with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in oncology has become one of the standard imaging modalities in diagnosing and staging of tumors,and monitoring the therapeutic efficacy in hepatic malignancies. Recently,investigators have measured glucose utilization in liver tumors using 18F-FDG,PET and PET/CT in order to establish diagnosis of tumors,assess their biologic characteristics and predict therapeutic effects on hepatic malignancies. PET/ CT with 18F-FDG as a radiotracer may further enhance the hepatic malignancy diagnostic algorithm by accurate diagnosis,staging,restaging and evaluating its biological characteristics,which can benefit the patients suffering from hepatic metastases,hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.
文摘Objective：To evaluate the clinical value with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography（PET/CT） imaging for the detection of vulnerable plaque in atherosclerotic lesions. Methods：Sixty people with a age of over 60[mean age （69.2 ± 7.1）years] underwent three dimension（3D） whole-body fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose（^18F-FDG） PET/CT imaging and were evaluated retrospectively, including 6 cases assessed as normal and 54 cases with active atherosclerotic plaque. Fifty-four cases with SUVs and CT values in the aortic wall of high-FDG-uptake were measured retrospectively. These high-FDG-uptake cases in the aortic wall were divided into three groups according their CT value. Cases in group 1 had high uptake in atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic wall with CT value of less than 60 Hu（soft plaque）. Cases in group 2 had high uptake with CT value between 60-100 Hu （intermediate plaque）, Cases in group 3 had high uptake with CT value more than 100 Hu（calcified plaque）, Group 4 was normal. Results： In group 1, there were 42 high-FDG-uptake sites （average SUV 1.553 ± 0.486）. In group 2, there were 30 high-FDG-uptake sites（average SUV 1.393 ± 0.296）. In group 3, there were 36 high-FDG-uptake sites（average SUV 1.354 ± 0.189）. In group 4, there were 33 normal-FDG-uptake sites （average SUV was 1.102 ± 0.141）, The SUVs showed significant difference among the four groups（F = 678.909, P = 0.000）. There were also significant difference found between the normal-FDG-uptake group and the high-FDG-uptake groups（P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, respectively）. Conclusion：Different degrees of ^18F-FDG uptake in active large atherosclerotic plaque were shown in different stages of atherosclerotic plaque formation. The soft plaque had the highest FDG uptake in this study. This suggested that ^18F- FDG PET/CT imaging may be of great potential value in early diagnosis and monitoring of vulnerable soft plaque in atherosclerotic lesions.
文摘Despite lung cancer(LC) screening by low-dose computerized tomography(LDCT) gaining many proponents worldwide, for many years it was not recognized as a life-prolonging and cost-effective procedure, until recently. Prospective observational studies had not been able to prove that this screening prolongs survival, but they helped to specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Long-awaited results of a prospective, randomized trial finally provided the evidence that LC screening with LDCT can prolong survival of the screened population. Several costeffectiveness analyses were performed to justify mass introduction of this screening. Results of these analyses are equivocal, although conclusions highly depend upon inclusion and exclusion criteria, methods of analysis and prices of medical procedures which differ between countries as well as the incidence of other pulmonary nodules, especially tuberculosis. Therefore, costeffectiveness analysis should be performed separately for every country. Cost-effectiveness depends especially upon the rate of false-positive results and the rate of unnecessary diagnostic, screening and treatment procedures. To ensure high cost-effectiveness, LC screening should be performed in accordance with screening protocol, in dedicated screening centers equipped with nodule volume change analysis, or as a prospective non-randomized trial, to ensure compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To ensure high cost-effectiveness of LC screening, future research should concentrate on determination of highrisk groups and further specifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
文摘Photon-counting computed tomography(PCCT)represents a significant advancement in pediatric cardiovascular imaging.Traditional CT systems employ energy-integrating detectors that convert X-ray photons into visible light,whereas PCCT utilizes photon-counting detectors that directly transform X-ray photons into electric signals.This direct conversion allows photon-counting detectors to sort photons into discrete energy levels,thereby enhancing image quality through superior noise reduction,improved spatial and contrast resolution,and reduced artifacts.In pediatric applications,PCCT offers substantial benefits,including lower radiation doses,which may help reduce the risk of malignancy in pediatric patients,with perhaps greater potential to benefit those with repeated exposure from a young age.Enhanced spatial resolution facilitates better visualization of small structures,vital for diagnosing congenital heart defects.Additionally,PCCT’s spectral capabilities improve tissue characterization and enable the creation of virtual monoenergetic images,which enhance soft-tissue contrast and potentially reduce contrast media doses.Initial clinical results indicate that PCCT provides superior image quality and diagnostic accuracy compared to conven-tional CT,particularly in challenging pediatric cardiovascular cases.As PCCT technology matures,further research and standardized protocols will be essential to fully integrate it into pediatric imaging practices,ensuring optimized diagnostic outcomes and patient safety.
基金Supported by Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project-Youth Project(Research on the application of high-pressure PICC catheter in abdominal CT enhancement of tumor patients),No.200242.
文摘BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing malignant tumors,and diagnosing these tumors can be challenging.AIM To confirm the benefits of using peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)in contrast-enhanced computerized tomography(CECT)for diagnostic imaging in diabetic patients with malignant tumors and to provide a research basis for follow-up research.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 204 diabetic patients with malignancies treated at The Second Affiliated Hospital,Jiangxi Medical College,Nanchang University,from January 2024 to June 2024.The patients were divided into two groups:A control group(n=102)with indwelling peripheral intravenous catheters and a research group(n=102)with high-pressure-resistant PICC.The study compared baseline data,the incidence of iodine contrast extravasation during CECT,the incidence of adverse events(discomfort,redness and swelling at the puncture site,and blood oozing),imaging quality,nursing time,intubation success rate,number of venipuncture attempts,and catheter maintenance cost.RESULTS Male patients accounted for 51.96%in the control group and 55.88%in the research group;the average age was(59.68±11.82)years in the control group and(61.41±12.92)years in the research group;the proportions of lung cancer,colorectal cancer,and gastric cancer patients in the control group were 42.16%,38.24%,and 19.61%,respectively,while those in the research group were 34.31%,37.25%,and 28.43%,respectively.Except for the gender distribution,age,and cancer type mentioned above,other general information such as underlying diseases,puncture location,and long-term chemotherapy shows no significant differences as tested(P>0.05).The results showed that the research group had significantly reduced incidence of iodine contrast extravasation(7 vs 1,P=0.031),similar incidence of adverse events(11 vs 7,P=0.324),reduced nursing time[(18.50±2.68)minutes vs(13.26±3.00)minutes,P=0.000],fewer venipuncture attempts[(2.21±0.78)times vs(1.49±0.58)times,P=0.000],lower catheter maintenance cost[(1251.79±205.47)China yuan(CNY)vs(1019.25±117.28)CNY,P=0.000],increased intubation success rate(16.67%vs 58.82%,P=0.000),and better imaging quality(85.29%vs 94.12%,P=0.038).CONCLUSION High-pressure-resistant PICCs can lessen the physical burden of diabetic patients during nursing,reduce treatment costs,and improve the efficiency and quality of imaging for diagnosis malignant tumors.
