BACKGROUND The diagnostic accuracy for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in colorectal cancer(CRC)remains suboptimal.To address this limitation,our study investigates the potential of gemstone spectral computed tomogra...BACKGROUND The diagnostic accuracy for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in colorectal cancer(CRC)remains suboptimal.To address this limitation,our study investigates the potential of gemstone spectral computed tomography imaging(GSI)to improve diagnostic accuracy in lymph node metastasis(LNM)assessment.AIM To extensively investigate the clinical utility of GSI in the preoperative assessment of CRC.METHODS The subject population included 200 patients with CRC who were admitted to Zibo Central Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023.All patients underwent dual-phase contrast-enhanced scans in the arterial and venous phases using GSI before surgical intervention.During the research,meticulous quantification was conducted regarding the number of patients with CRC with LNM as well as the exact count of metastatic lymph nodes.Moreover,for both metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes,the short diameter at the maximum crosssectional area(covering the axial,sagittal,and coronal planes),morphological features(including manifestations such as margin blurring,aggregation,and enhancement),and spectral parameters in the arterial and venous phases[specifically iodine concentration(IC),normalized IC(NIC),and the slope of the spectral curve(λHU)]were measured and recorded,and a comparative analysis was conducted.The diagnostic efficacy of each index with differences was systematically assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Concurrently,receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for LNM screening based on the short diameter at the maximum cross-sectional area of lymph nodes and each spectral parameter in the arterial and venous phases.RESULTS The area under the curve of GSI for diagnosing LNM in patients with CRC can reach 0.897,with sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 92.59%,85.87%,and 89.50%,respectively.A total of 265 lymph nodes were analyzed from the 200 participants with CRC,with metastatic lymph nodes accounting for 56.60%.Compared with nonmetastatic lymph nodes,the short diameters of metastatic lymph nodes in the axial,sagittal,and coronal planes were significantly increased,whereas the IC values in the arterial and venous phases,the NIC value in the arterial phase,and theλHU values in the arterial and venous phases were significantly decreased.The short axial,sagittal,and coronal diameters,arterial-phase IC,venous-phase IC,arterial-phase NIC,arterial-phaseλHU,and venousphaseλHU for diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes demonstrated area under the curve values of 0.631,0.681,0.659,0.862,0.808,0.831,0.801,and 0.706,respectively.CONCLUSION GSI exhibits substantial clinical significance in the preoperative assessment of CRC.Among the parameters assessed,the arterial-phase IC demonstrates the most outstanding diagnostic performance,effectively improving the diagnostic efficacy for preoperative LNM in CRC.展开更多
Inflammatory fibroid polyp(IFP) is a rare benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of computed tomography(CT) imaging finding of a gastric IFP with massive fibrosis. CT scans showed thickening of ...Inflammatory fibroid polyp(IFP) is a rare benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of computed tomography(CT) imaging finding of a gastric IFP with massive fibrosis. CT scans showed thickening of submucosal layer with overlying mucosal hyperenhancement in the gastric antrum. The submucosal layer showed increased enhancement on delayed phase imaging. An antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy was performed because gastric cancer was suspected, particularly signet ring cell carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis was an IFP with massive fibrosis. The authors suggest that when the submucosal layer of the gastric wall is markedly thickened with delayed enhancement and preservation of the mucosal layer, an IFP with massive fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.展开更多
Stability and accuracy of the imaging results are still unmet practical demands for ultrasonic computed tomography(CT)of concrete material.To address these issues,a CT technique based on simulated annealing genetic al...Stability and accuracy of the imaging results are still unmet practical demands for ultrasonic computed tomography(CT)of concrete material.To address these issues,a CT technique based on simulated annealing genetic algorithm(SAGA)is presented in this work.Firstly,a natural weight matrix with clear physical meaning is introduced in the inverse algorithm and then a quadric broadening objective function is formed according to the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in concrete.After that,the simulated annealing(SA)searching is added to speed up the inverse process and to improve the convergence and stability of the algorithm.Finally,the optimal inverse imaging results have been achieved by variable ectopic adaptive genetic algorithm.The numerical simulation experiments have shown that the usage of the correct priori information and the excellent characteristic of SAGA in searching the global minimum value of the function have produced accurate and effective results with stable numerical values.The imaging resolution is improved and the imagining results reflecting the inner defections of the tested objects are more reliable and accurate.展开更多
Inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging can be regarded as a narrow-band version of the computer aided tomography(CT). The traditional CT imaging algorithms for ISAR, including the polar format algorithm(PFA) a...Inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging can be regarded as a narrow-band version of the computer aided tomography(CT). The traditional CT imaging algorithms for ISAR, including the polar format algorithm(PFA) and the convolution back projection algorithm(CBP), usually suffer from the problem of the high sidelobe and the low resolution. The ISAR tomography image reconstruction within a sparse Bayesian framework is concerned. Firstly, the sparse ISAR tomography imaging model is established in light of the CT imaging theory. Then, by using the compressed sensing(CS) principle, a high resolution ISAR image can be achieved with limited number of pulses. Since the performance of existing CS-based ISAR imaging algorithms is sensitive to the user parameter, this makes the existing algorithms inconvenient to be used in practice. It is well known that the Bayesian formalism of recover algorithm named sparse Bayesian learning(SBL) acts as an effective tool in regression and classification,which uses an efficient expectation maximization procedure to estimate the necessary parameters, and retains a preferable property of the l0-norm diversity measure. Motivated by that, a fully automated ISAR tomography imaging algorithm based on SBL is proposed.Experimental results based on simulated and electromagnetic(EM) data illustrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the existing algorithms.展开更多
Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)combines the advantages of both imaging modalities.PET/MRI demonstrates superior performance in the evaluation of the therapeutic impact,staging,diagnosi...Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)combines the advantages of both imaging modalities.PET/MRI demonstrates superior performance in the evaluation of the therapeutic impact,staging,diagnosis,and treatment planning of malignancies because of its lower radiation dose,higher contrast for soft tissues,and multiparametric functional imaging.^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI has demonstrated considerable potential in the assessment of pelvic malignancies.This review briefly describes the evolution of PET/MRI imaging technology and compares the application of PET/MRI in five common pelvic tumors,including endometrial cancer,cervical cancer,ovarian cancer,prostate cancer,and bladder cancer,with that of PET/computed tomography.Additionally,radiotracers other than^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose have been introduced for use in pelvic tumors.The development and application of these new tracers further enhance the clinical application of PET/MRI in precision medicine for pelvic malignant cancers.Overall,this review revealed the unique contribution of PET/MRI as a promising diagnostic instrument in the management of pelvic tumors,demonstrating its important position in future clinical practice.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT...AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Computed tomography(CT),liver stiffness measurement(LSM),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are non-invasive diagnostic methods for esophageal varices(EV)and for the prediction of high-bleeding-risk EV(HREV...BACKGROUND Computed tomography(CT),liver stiffness measurement(LSM),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are non-invasive diagnostic methods for esophageal varices(EV)and for the prediction of high-bleeding-risk EV(HREV)in cirrhotic patients.However,the clinical use of these methods is controversial.AIM To evaluate the accuracy of LSM,CT,and MRI in diagnosing EV and predicting HREV in cirrhotic patients.METHODS We performed literature searches in multiple databases,including Pub Med,Embase,Cochrane,CNKI,and Wanfang databases,for articles that evaluated the accuracy of LSM,CT,and MRI as candidates for the diagnosis of EV and prediction of HREV in cirrhotic patients.Summary sensitivity and specificity,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio,diagnostic odds ratio,and the areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed.The quality of the articles was assessed using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 tool.Heterogeneity was examined by Q-statistic test and I2 index,and sources of heterogeneity were explored using metaregression and subgroup analysis.Publication bias was evaluated using Deek’s funnel plot.All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata12.0,Meta Disc1.4,and Rev Man5.3.RESULTS Overall,18,17,and 7 relevant articles on the accuracy of LSM,CT,and MRI in evaluating EV and HREV were retrieved.A significant heterogeneity was observed in all analyses(P<0.05).The areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves of LSM,CT,and MRI in diagnosing EV and predicting HREV were 0.86(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.83-0.89),0.91(95%CI:0.88-0.93),and 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.89),and 0.85(95%CI:0.81-0.88),0.94(95%CI:0.91-0.96),and 0.83(95%CI:0.79-0.86),respectively,with sensitivities of 0.84(95%CI:0.78-0.89),0.91(95%CI:0.87-0.94),and 0.81(95%CI:0.76-0.86),and 0.81(95%CI:0.75-0.86),0.88(95%CI:0.82-0.92),and 0.80(95%CI:0.72-0.86),and specificities of 0.71(95%CI:0.60-0.80),0.75(95%CI:0.68-0.82),and 0.82(95%CI:0.70-0.89),and 0.73(95%CI:0.66-0.80),0.87(95%CI:0.81-0.92),and 0.72(95%CI:0.62-0.80),respectively.The corresponding positive likelihood ratios were 2.91,3.67,and 4.44,and 3.04,6.90,and2.83;the negative likelihood ratios were 0.22,0.12,and 0.23,and 0.26,0.14,and 0.28;the diagnostic odds ratios were 13.01,30.98,and 19.58,and 11.93,49.99,and 10.00.CT scanner is the source of heterogeneity.There was no significant difference in diagnostic threshold effects(P>0.05)or publication bias(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Based on the meta-analysis of observational studies,it is suggested that CT imaging,a non-invasive diagnostic method,is the best choice for the diagnosis of EV and prediction of HREV in cirrhotic patients compared with LSM and MRI.展开更多
We report a new application of optical coherence tomography（OCT） to investigate the cranial meninges in an animal model of brain injury in vivo. The injury is induced in a mouse due to skull thinning, in which the r...We report a new application of optical coherence tomography（OCT） to investigate the cranial meninges in an animal model of brain injury in vivo. The injury is induced in a mouse due to skull thinning, in which the repeated and excessive drilling exerts mechanical stress on the mouse brain through the skull, resulting in acute and mild brain injury. Transcranial OCT imaging reveals an interesting virtual space between the cranial meningeal layers post skull thinning, which is gradually closed within hours. The finding suggests a promise of OCT as an effective tool to monitor the mechanical trauma in the small animal model of brain injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally,with the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)influencing prognosis and immunotherapy response.Current TIME evaluation relies on invas...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally,with the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)influencing prognosis and immunotherapy response.Current TIME evaluation relies on invasive biopsies,limiting its clinical application.This study hypothesized that computed tomography(CT)-based deep learning(DL)radiomics models can non-invasively predict key TIME biomarkers:Tumor-stroma ratio(TSR),tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),and immune score(IS).AIM To develop a non-invasive DL approach using preoperative CT radiomics to evaluate TIME components in CRC patients.METHODS In this retrospective study,preoperative CT images of 315 pathologically confirmed CRC patients(220 in training cohort and 95 in validation cohort)were analyzed.Manually delineated regions of interest were used to extract DL features.Predictive models(DenseNet-121/169)for TSR,TILs,IS,and TIME classification were constructed.Performance was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curves,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS The DL-DenseNet-169 model achieved area under the curve(AUC)values of 0.892[95%confidence interval(CI):0.828-0.957]for TSR and 0.772(95%CI:0.674-0.870)for TIME score.The DenseNet-121 model yielded AUC values of 0.851(95%CI:0.768-0.933)for TILs and 0.852(95%CI:0.775-0.928)for IS.Calibration curves demonstrated strong prediction-observation agreement,and DCA confirmed clinical utility across threshold probabilities(P<0.05 for all models).CONCLUSION CT-based DL radiomics provides a reliable non-invasive method for preoperative TIME evaluation,enabling personalized immunotherapy strategies in CRC management.展开更多
Computed tomography has been proven to be useful for non-destructive inspection of structures and materials. We build a three-dimensional imaging system with the photonically generated incoherent noise source and the ...Computed tomography has been proven to be useful for non-destructive inspection of structures and materials. We build a three-dimensional imaging system with the photonically generated incoherent noise source and the Schottky barrier diode detector in the terahertz frequency band （90–140GHz）. Based on the computed tomography technique, the three-dimensional image of a ceramic sample is reconstructed successfully by stacking the slices at different heights. The imaging results not only indicate the ability of terahertz wave in the non-invasive sensing and non-destructive inspection applications, but also prove the effectiveness and superiority of the uni-traveling-carrier photodiode as a terahertz source in the imaging applications.展开更多
AIM：To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging（EDI）mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical c...AIM：To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging（EDI）mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography（OCT）.METHODS：Fifty eyes of 25 normal healthy subjects and32 eyes of 20 patients with different eye diseases were included in the study.All subjects underwent 3.4 mm diameter peripapillary circular OCT scan centered on the optic disc using both the conventional and the EDI OCT protocols.The visualization of RNFL and choroidoscleral junction was assessed using an ordinal scoring scale.The paired t-test,intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC）,95%limits of agreement（LoA）,and Bland and Altman plots were used to test the agreement of measurements.RESULTS：The visibility score of RNFL obtained with and without EDI was of no significant difference（P=0.532）,the visualization of choroidoscleral junction was better using EDI protocol than conventional protocol（P〈0.001）.Peripapillary RNFL thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thicker than that obtained without EDI（103.25±9.42μm vs 101.87±8.78μm,P=0.010）.The ICC of the two protocols was excellent with the value of 0.867 to 0.924,the 95%LoA of global RNFL thickness was between-10.0 to 7.4μm.Peripapillary choroidal thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thinner than that obtained without EDI（147.23±51.04μm vs 150.90±51.84μm,P〈0.001）.The ICC was also excellent with the value of 0.960 to 0.987,the 95%LoA of global choroidal thickness was between-12.5 to 19.8μm.CONCLUSION：Peripapillary circular OCT scan with or without EDI mode shows comparable results in the measurement of peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thickness.展开更多
The role of computed tomography(CT)images in forensic identification has been widely recognized.Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases,in...The role of computed tomography(CT)images in forensic identification has been widely recognized.Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases,including falls from a height,drowning,explosion and gunshot cases,traffic accidents,and sudden death.However,few reports have focused on the application of CT images in cases of death caused by sharp object injuries.Therefore,the CT images and autopsy findings were compared in a case of death caused by sharp object injuries to the chest and abdomen,and the importance of CT images in cases of death from common sharp object injuries is herein discussed.展开更多
AIM：To evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness（PPCT） in Chinese children,and to analyze the influencing factors.METHODS： PPCT was measured with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography（EDI-OCT）...AIM：To evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness（PPCT） in Chinese children,and to analyze the influencing factors.METHODS： PPCT was measured with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography（EDI-OCT） in 70children（53 myopes and 17 non-myopes） aged 7 to 18 y,with spherical equivalent refractive errors between 0.50and-5.87 diopters（D）.Peripapillary choroidal imaging was performed using circular scans of a diameter of 3.4 mm around the optic disc.PPCT was measured by EDI-OCT in six sectors： nasal（N）,superonasal（SN）,superotemporal（ST）,temporal（T）,inferotemporal（IT）and inferonasal（IN）,as well as global RNFL thickness（G）.RESULTS： The mean global PPCT was 165.49±33.76 μm.The temporal,inferonasal,inferotemporal PPCT were significantly thinner than the nasal,superonasal,superotemporal segments PPCT were significantly thinner in the myopic group at temporal,superotemporal and inferotemporal segments.The axial length was significantly associated with the average global（β=-0.419,P =0.014）,superonasal（β=-2.009,P=0.049） and inferonasal（β=-2.000,P=0.049） PPCT.The other factors（gender,age,SE） were not significantly associated with PPCT.CONCLUSION： PPCT was thinner in the myopic group at temporal,superotemporal and inferotemporal segments.The axial length was found to be negatively correlated to PPCT.We need more further studies about the relationship between PPCT and myopia.展开更多
Imaging has a central role in the context of focal therapy(FT)for prostate cancer(PCa).Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)is a novel imaging modalit...Imaging has a central role in the context of focal therapy(FT)for prostate cancer(PCa).Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)is a novel imaging modality that combines the morpho-functional information of MRI with the molecular characterization of PET.Some papers reported the potential advantages of PSMA PET/MRI in different clinical scenarios.Limited evidence on PSMA PET/MRI is available in the setting of FT.PSMA PET/MRI can be an effective imaging modality for detecting primary PCa and seems to provide accurate local staging of primary PCa.PSMA PET/MRI also shows high performance for restaging and detecting tumor recurrence.The higher soft-tissue contrast and the reduction of ionizing radiation are the main advantages reported in the literature compared to PET/computed tomography.PSMA PET/MRI could represent a turning point in the management of patients with PCa in the context of FT.Further studies are needed to confirm its applications in this specific clinical setting.展开更多
AIM:To characterize spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)features of chorioretinal folds in orbital mass imaged using enhanced depth imaging(EDI).METHODS:Prospective observational case-control study was...AIM:To characterize spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)features of chorioretinal folds in orbital mass imaged using enhanced depth imaging(EDI).METHODS:Prospective observational case-control study was conducted in 20 eyes of 20 patients,the uninvolved eye served as a control.All the patients underwent clinical fundus photography,computed tomography,EDI SDOCT imaging before and after surgery.Two patients with cavernous hemangiomas underwent intratumoral injection of bleomycin A5;the remaining patients underwent tumor excision.Patients were followed 1 to 14mo following surgery(average follow up,5.8mo).RESULTS:Visual acuity prior to surgery ranged from 20/20 to 20/200.Following surgery,5 patients’visual acuity remained unchanged while the remaining 15 patients had a mean letter improvement of 10(range 4 to 26 letters).Photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects were found in 10 of 15 patients prior to surgery.Following surgical excision,photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects fully resolved in 8 of these 10 patients.CONCLUSION:Persistence of photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects caused by compression of the globe by an orbital mass can be associated with reduced visual prognosis.Our findings suggest that photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects on EDI SD-OCT could be an indicator for immediate surgical excision of an orbital mass causing choroidal compression.展开更多
Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely p...Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely poor prognosis,with a global increased incidence due to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).The 18Ffludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)combines glucose metabolic information(reflecting the glycolytic activity of tumor cells)with anatomical structure to assess tumor metabolic heterogeneity,systemic metastasis,and molecular characteristics noninvasively,overcoming the limitations of traditional imaging in the detection of micrometastases and recurrent lesions.18F-FDG PET/CT offers critical insights in clinical staging,therapeutic evaluation,and prognostic prediction of BTC.This article reviews research progress in this field over the past decade,with a particular focus on the advances made in the last 3 years,which have not been adequately summarized and recognized.The research paradigm in this field is shifting from qualitative to quantitative studies,and there have been significant breakthroughs in using 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic information to predict gene expression in ICC.Radiomics and deep learning techniques have been applied to ICC for prognostic prediction and differential diagnosis.Additionally,PET/magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly demonstrating its value in this field.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer carries a poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates and limited early detection options.The skeletal muscle index at the L3 vertebral level is a well-established prognostic marker in e...BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer carries a poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates and limited early detection options.The skeletal muscle index at the L3 vertebral level is a well-established prognostic marker in esophageal cancer,but most follow-up computed tomography(CT)scans do not extend to L3 and limiting its utility.Radiomics has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting prognostic information from medical images.AIM To evaluate the influential features for esophageal cancer prognosis by integrating radiomic and body compositionbased indices of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the T12 level from both pretreatment and follow-up CT images,in order to assess their value in predicting overall survival(OS).METHODS This retrospective study included 212 esophageal cancer patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy,with both pretreatment and follow-up chest CT scans available.Body organ analysis(BOA)and radiomic features were extracted from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the T12 level using automated tools.Four feature subsets(no-radiomics,pretreatment only,follow-up only,and combined inputs)were developed using logistic regression(LR)with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for feature selection,followed by Cox regression.Prognostic models-including nomogram,support vector classifier,LR,and extra trees classifier-were constructed to predict 1-,2-,and 3-year OS.RESULTS The model integrating both BOA and radiomics from pretreatment and follow-up CT,combined with clinical data,achieved the best performance for 2-year OS prediction,with an area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91,sensitivity of 0.81,and specificity of 0.88 using the LR model.The most predictive features included both clinical variables,body composition indices,and radiomic features,particularly from follow-up VAT.Follow-up imaging contributed significantly to model performance,reinforcing its value in treatment response evaluation.CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that BOA indices and their corresponding radiomics at the T12-level from both pretreatment and follow-up CT scans-combined with clinical data-can provide accurate prognostic information for esophageal cancer.This approach offers a practical alternative when L3-level imaging is unavailable and supports the clinical integration of automated T12-based imaging biomarkers.The integration of these imaging features with clinical parameters enhances the prediction of survival outcomes and contributes to non-invasive,personalized treatment planning.展开更多
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography(OCT)enables high-resolution,non-invasive visualization of retinal structures.Recent evidence suggests that retinal layer alterations may reflect central nervous system changes a...BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography(OCT)enables high-resolution,non-invasive visualization of retinal structures.Recent evidence suggests that retinal layer alterations may reflect central nervous system changes associated with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia(SZ).AIM To develop an advanced deep learning model to classify OCT images and distinguish patients with SZ from healthy controls using retinal biomarkers.METHODS A novel convolutional neural network,Self-AttentionNeXt,was designed by integrating grouped self-attention mechanisms,residual and inverted bottleneck blocks,and a final 1×1 convolution for feature refinement.The model was trained and tested on both a custom OCT dataset collected from patients with SZ and a publicly available OCT dataset(OCT2017).RESULTS Self-AttentionNeXt achieved 97.0%accuracy on the collected SZ OCT dataset and over 95%accuracy on the public OCT2017 dataset.Gradient-weighted class activation mapping visualizations confirmed the model’s attention to clinically relevant retinal regions,suggesting effective feature localization.CONCLUSION Self-AttentionNeXt effectively combines transformer-inspired attention mechanisms with convolutional neural networks architecture to support the early and accurate detection of SZ using OCT images.This approach offers a promising direction for artificial intelligence-assisted psychiatric diagnostics and clinical decision support.展开更多
BACKGROUND Reliable preoperative detection of lymph node metastasis(LNM)in pancreatic cancer remains elusive:Conventional computed tomography(CT)underestimates micrometastases,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is hampered...BACKGROUND Reliable preoperative detection of lymph node metastasis(LNM)in pancreatic cancer remains elusive:Conventional computed tomography(CT)underestimates micrometastases,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is hampered by low specificity.The neutrophil-albumin ratio(NAR)simultaneously reflects systemic inflammation and nutritional depletion,but its contribution to LNM prediction in pancreatic cancer is unexplored.We hypothesised that integrating NAR with multiphase CT findings would significantly improve the accuracy of preoperative LNM assessment in patients undergoing curative-intent resection.AIM To determine whether preoperative NAR plus multi-phase CT reliably predicts nodal metastasis in pancreatic cancer.METHODS In this single-centre retrospective cohort study(February 2022 to February 2025,Ordos Central Hospital,China),129 consecutive patients undergoing curative pancreatic resection were histologically classified as LNM+(n=61)and LNM-(n=68).Preoperative NAR and platelet-albumin ratio(PAR)were calculated;optimal cut-offs were determined with X-tile.Multi-phase CT images were re-reviewed by two blinded radiologists.Independent predictors of nodal metastasis were identified by multivariate logistic regression,and model performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.RESULTS Between the two cohorts,univariate comparison revealed significant divergence in age,tumour diameter,concomitant hemangioma thrombosis,PAR,NAR,and CT-detected nodal status(P<0.05).Subsequent multivariate modelling identified hemangioma thrombosis,PAR above 6.35,NAR exceeding 0.13,and radiologically positive lymph nodes as independent predictors of nodal metastasis(P<0.05).ROC evaluation indicated that the NAR-plus-CT-nodes model(model 1)reached an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.758,whereas the fourvariable composite(model 3)achieved the best performance with an AUC of 0.830(95%CI:0.753-0.890),sensitivity 83.61%,and specificity 67.65%.CONCLUSION The model 3(NAR>0.13,PAR>6.35,CT nodal positivity,hemangioma thrombosis)provides robust,clinically actionable preoperative identification of pancreatic cancer patients at high risk of LNM.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnostic accuracy for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in colorectal cancer(CRC)remains suboptimal.To address this limitation,our study investigates the potential of gemstone spectral computed tomography imaging(GSI)to improve diagnostic accuracy in lymph node metastasis(LNM)assessment.AIM To extensively investigate the clinical utility of GSI in the preoperative assessment of CRC.METHODS The subject population included 200 patients with CRC who were admitted to Zibo Central Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023.All patients underwent dual-phase contrast-enhanced scans in the arterial and venous phases using GSI before surgical intervention.During the research,meticulous quantification was conducted regarding the number of patients with CRC with LNM as well as the exact count of metastatic lymph nodes.Moreover,for both metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes,the short diameter at the maximum crosssectional area(covering the axial,sagittal,and coronal planes),morphological features(including manifestations such as margin blurring,aggregation,and enhancement),and spectral parameters in the arterial and venous phases[specifically iodine concentration(IC),normalized IC(NIC),and the slope of the spectral curve(λHU)]were measured and recorded,and a comparative analysis was conducted.The diagnostic efficacy of each index with differences was systematically assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Concurrently,receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for LNM screening based on the short diameter at the maximum cross-sectional area of lymph nodes and each spectral parameter in the arterial and venous phases.RESULTS The area under the curve of GSI for diagnosing LNM in patients with CRC can reach 0.897,with sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 92.59%,85.87%,and 89.50%,respectively.A total of 265 lymph nodes were analyzed from the 200 participants with CRC,with metastatic lymph nodes accounting for 56.60%.Compared with nonmetastatic lymph nodes,the short diameters of metastatic lymph nodes in the axial,sagittal,and coronal planes were significantly increased,whereas the IC values in the arterial and venous phases,the NIC value in the arterial phase,and theλHU values in the arterial and venous phases were significantly decreased.The short axial,sagittal,and coronal diameters,arterial-phase IC,venous-phase IC,arterial-phase NIC,arterial-phaseλHU,and venousphaseλHU for diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes demonstrated area under the curve values of 0.631,0.681,0.659,0.862,0.808,0.831,0.801,and 0.706,respectively.CONCLUSION GSI exhibits substantial clinical significance in the preoperative assessment of CRC.Among the parameters assessed,the arterial-phase IC demonstrates the most outstanding diagnostic performance,effectively improving the diagnostic efficacy for preoperative LNM in CRC.
文摘Inflammatory fibroid polyp(IFP) is a rare benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of computed tomography(CT) imaging finding of a gastric IFP with massive fibrosis. CT scans showed thickening of submucosal layer with overlying mucosal hyperenhancement in the gastric antrum. The submucosal layer showed increased enhancement on delayed phase imaging. An antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy was performed because gastric cancer was suspected, particularly signet ring cell carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis was an IFP with massive fibrosis. The authors suggest that when the submucosal layer of the gastric wall is markedly thickened with delayed enhancement and preservation of the mucosal layer, an IFP with massive fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11264032)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No.2014ZD56007)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Project of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of China (No.2013zjjz180)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No.20122BAB201024)the Science and Technology Project of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province (No.GJJ14530)the Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Aerospace(SAST201364)the Graduate Innovation Foundation of Nanchang Hangkong University (No.YC2013010)
文摘Stability and accuracy of the imaging results are still unmet practical demands for ultrasonic computed tomography(CT)of concrete material.To address these issues,a CT technique based on simulated annealing genetic algorithm(SAGA)is presented in this work.Firstly,a natural weight matrix with clear physical meaning is introduced in the inverse algorithm and then a quadric broadening objective function is formed according to the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in concrete.After that,the simulated annealing(SA)searching is added to speed up the inverse process and to improve the convergence and stability of the algorithm.Finally,the optimal inverse imaging results have been achieved by variable ectopic adaptive genetic algorithm.The numerical simulation experiments have shown that the usage of the correct priori information and the excellent characteristic of SAGA in searching the global minimum value of the function have produced accurate and effective results with stable numerical values.The imaging resolution is improved and the imagining results reflecting the inner defections of the tested objects are more reliable and accurate.
基金Project(61171133)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ1010)supported by the Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(61101182)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China
文摘Inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging can be regarded as a narrow-band version of the computer aided tomography(CT). The traditional CT imaging algorithms for ISAR, including the polar format algorithm(PFA) and the convolution back projection algorithm(CBP), usually suffer from the problem of the high sidelobe and the low resolution. The ISAR tomography image reconstruction within a sparse Bayesian framework is concerned. Firstly, the sparse ISAR tomography imaging model is established in light of the CT imaging theory. Then, by using the compressed sensing(CS) principle, a high resolution ISAR image can be achieved with limited number of pulses. Since the performance of existing CS-based ISAR imaging algorithms is sensitive to the user parameter, this makes the existing algorithms inconvenient to be used in practice. It is well known that the Bayesian formalism of recover algorithm named sparse Bayesian learning(SBL) acts as an effective tool in regression and classification,which uses an efficient expectation maximization procedure to estimate the necessary parameters, and retains a preferable property of the l0-norm diversity measure. Motivated by that, a fully automated ISAR tomography imaging algorithm based on SBL is proposed.Experimental results based on simulated and electromagnetic(EM) data illustrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the existing algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant/Award Numbers:82272043,U24A20758,82171987,82402333)the Basic Science Project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(Grant/Award Number:LJ232410159018).
文摘Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)combines the advantages of both imaging modalities.PET/MRI demonstrates superior performance in the evaluation of the therapeutic impact,staging,diagnosis,and treatment planning of malignancies because of its lower radiation dose,higher contrast for soft tissues,and multiparametric functional imaging.^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI has demonstrated considerable potential in the assessment of pelvic malignancies.This review briefly describes the evolution of PET/MRI imaging technology and compares the application of PET/MRI in five common pelvic tumors,including endometrial cancer,cervical cancer,ovarian cancer,prostate cancer,and bladder cancer,with that of PET/computed tomography.Additionally,radiotracers other than^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose have been introduced for use in pelvic tumors.The development and application of these new tracers further enhance the clinical application of PET/MRI in precision medicine for pelvic malignant cancers.Overall,this review revealed the unique contribution of PET/MRI as a promising diagnostic instrument in the management of pelvic tumors,demonstrating its important position in future clinical practice.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.
基金Supported by the State Key Projects Specialized on Infectious Diseases,No.2017ZX10203202–004Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding,No.ZYLX201610+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Ascent Plan,No.DFL20151602Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority,No.XXT24.
文摘BACKGROUND Computed tomography(CT),liver stiffness measurement(LSM),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are non-invasive diagnostic methods for esophageal varices(EV)and for the prediction of high-bleeding-risk EV(HREV)in cirrhotic patients.However,the clinical use of these methods is controversial.AIM To evaluate the accuracy of LSM,CT,and MRI in diagnosing EV and predicting HREV in cirrhotic patients.METHODS We performed literature searches in multiple databases,including Pub Med,Embase,Cochrane,CNKI,and Wanfang databases,for articles that evaluated the accuracy of LSM,CT,and MRI as candidates for the diagnosis of EV and prediction of HREV in cirrhotic patients.Summary sensitivity and specificity,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio,diagnostic odds ratio,and the areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed.The quality of the articles was assessed using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 tool.Heterogeneity was examined by Q-statistic test and I2 index,and sources of heterogeneity were explored using metaregression and subgroup analysis.Publication bias was evaluated using Deek’s funnel plot.All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata12.0,Meta Disc1.4,and Rev Man5.3.RESULTS Overall,18,17,and 7 relevant articles on the accuracy of LSM,CT,and MRI in evaluating EV and HREV were retrieved.A significant heterogeneity was observed in all analyses(P<0.05).The areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves of LSM,CT,and MRI in diagnosing EV and predicting HREV were 0.86(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.83-0.89),0.91(95%CI:0.88-0.93),and 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.89),and 0.85(95%CI:0.81-0.88),0.94(95%CI:0.91-0.96),and 0.83(95%CI:0.79-0.86),respectively,with sensitivities of 0.84(95%CI:0.78-0.89),0.91(95%CI:0.87-0.94),and 0.81(95%CI:0.76-0.86),and 0.81(95%CI:0.75-0.86),0.88(95%CI:0.82-0.92),and 0.80(95%CI:0.72-0.86),and specificities of 0.71(95%CI:0.60-0.80),0.75(95%CI:0.68-0.82),and 0.82(95%CI:0.70-0.89),and 0.73(95%CI:0.66-0.80),0.87(95%CI:0.81-0.92),and 0.72(95%CI:0.62-0.80),respectively.The corresponding positive likelihood ratios were 2.91,3.67,and 4.44,and 3.04,6.90,and2.83;the negative likelihood ratios were 0.22,0.12,and 0.23,and 0.26,0.14,and 0.28;the diagnostic odds ratios were 13.01,30.98,and 19.58,and 11.93,49.99,and 10.00.CT scanner is the source of heterogeneity.There was no significant difference in diagnostic threshold effects(P>0.05)or publication bias(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Based on the meta-analysis of observational studies,it is suggested that CT imaging,a non-invasive diagnostic method,is the best choice for the diagnosis of EV and prediction of HREV in cirrhotic patients compared with LSM and MRI.
基金supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(Nos.RO1EB009682 and RO1HL093140)
文摘We report a new application of optical coherence tomography（OCT） to investigate the cranial meninges in an animal model of brain injury in vivo. The injury is induced in a mouse due to skull thinning, in which the repeated and excessive drilling exerts mechanical stress on the mouse brain through the skull, resulting in acute and mild brain injury. Transcranial OCT imaging reveals an interesting virtual space between the cranial meningeal layers post skull thinning, which is gradually closed within hours. The finding suggests a promise of OCT as an effective tool to monitor the mechanical trauma in the small animal model of brain injury.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860047the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.22JR5RA650+1 种基金Key Science and Technology Program in Gansu Province,No.21YF5FA016Gansu Provincial Hospital Scientific Research Foundation,No.23GSSYD-12.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally,with the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)influencing prognosis and immunotherapy response.Current TIME evaluation relies on invasive biopsies,limiting its clinical application.This study hypothesized that computed tomography(CT)-based deep learning(DL)radiomics models can non-invasively predict key TIME biomarkers:Tumor-stroma ratio(TSR),tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),and immune score(IS).AIM To develop a non-invasive DL approach using preoperative CT radiomics to evaluate TIME components in CRC patients.METHODS In this retrospective study,preoperative CT images of 315 pathologically confirmed CRC patients(220 in training cohort and 95 in validation cohort)were analyzed.Manually delineated regions of interest were used to extract DL features.Predictive models(DenseNet-121/169)for TSR,TILs,IS,and TIME classification were constructed.Performance was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curves,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS The DL-DenseNet-169 model achieved area under the curve(AUC)values of 0.892[95%confidence interval(CI):0.828-0.957]for TSR and 0.772(95%CI:0.674-0.870)for TIME score.The DenseNet-121 model yielded AUC values of 0.851(95%CI:0.768-0.933)for TILs and 0.852(95%CI:0.775-0.928)for IS.Calibration curves demonstrated strong prediction-observation agreement,and DCA confirmed clinical utility across threshold probabilities(P<0.05 for all models).CONCLUSION CT-based DL radiomics provides a reliable non-invasive method for preoperative TIME evaluation,enabling personalized immunotherapy strategies in CRC management.
基金Supported by the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2014CB339803+2 种基金the Major National Development Project of Scientific Instrument and Equipment under Grant No2011YQ150021the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61575214,61574155,61404149 and 61404150the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology under Grant Nos 14530711300,15560722000 and 15ZR1447500
文摘Computed tomography has been proven to be useful for non-destructive inspection of structures and materials. We build a three-dimensional imaging system with the photonically generated incoherent noise source and the Schottky barrier diode detector in the terahertz frequency band （90–140GHz）. Based on the computed tomography technique, the three-dimensional image of a ceramic sample is reconstructed successfully by stacking the slices at different heights. The imaging results not only indicate the ability of terahertz wave in the non-invasive sensing and non-destructive inspection applications, but also prove the effectiveness and superiority of the uni-traveling-carrier photodiode as a terahertz source in the imaging applications.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.Y20150257)
文摘AIM：To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging（EDI）mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography（OCT）.METHODS：Fifty eyes of 25 normal healthy subjects and32 eyes of 20 patients with different eye diseases were included in the study.All subjects underwent 3.4 mm diameter peripapillary circular OCT scan centered on the optic disc using both the conventional and the EDI OCT protocols.The visualization of RNFL and choroidoscleral junction was assessed using an ordinal scoring scale.The paired t-test,intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC）,95%limits of agreement（LoA）,and Bland and Altman plots were used to test the agreement of measurements.RESULTS：The visibility score of RNFL obtained with and without EDI was of no significant difference（P=0.532）,the visualization of choroidoscleral junction was better using EDI protocol than conventional protocol（P〈0.001）.Peripapillary RNFL thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thicker than that obtained without EDI（103.25±9.42μm vs 101.87±8.78μm,P=0.010）.The ICC of the two protocols was excellent with the value of 0.867 to 0.924,the 95%LoA of global RNFL thickness was between-10.0 to 7.4μm.Peripapillary choroidal thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thinner than that obtained without EDI（147.23±51.04μm vs 150.90±51.84μm,P〈0.001）.The ICC was also excellent with the value of 0.960 to 0.987,the 95%LoA of global choroidal thickness was between-12.5 to 19.8μm.CONCLUSION：Peripapillary circular OCT scan with or without EDI mode shows comparable results in the measurement of peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thickness.
基金This work was supported by the Research Topic "Research on the Injury Mechanism of Complex Craniocerebral Injuries and the Comprehensive Diagnosis Methods of Forensic Medicine"(2018YFC0807203)under Project"Research on the Basic Theory of Forensic Medicine and Trace Inspection Science" of 2018 National Key R&D Program of China and was a Funded Project of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Scientific Research Institutes(2016JB041).
文摘The role of computed tomography(CT)images in forensic identification has been widely recognized.Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases,including falls from a height,drowning,explosion and gunshot cases,traffic accidents,and sudden death.However,few reports have focused on the application of CT images in cases of death caused by sharp object injuries.Therefore,the CT images and autopsy findings were compared in a case of death caused by sharp object injuries to the chest and abdomen,and the importance of CT images in cases of death from common sharp object injuries is herein discussed.
基金Supported by Major Scientific and Technological Projects in Zhejiang Province,China(No.2013c03048-3)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.Y20150284)Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.2016ZDA016)
文摘AIM：To evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness（PPCT） in Chinese children,and to analyze the influencing factors.METHODS： PPCT was measured with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography（EDI-OCT） in 70children（53 myopes and 17 non-myopes） aged 7 to 18 y,with spherical equivalent refractive errors between 0.50and-5.87 diopters（D）.Peripapillary choroidal imaging was performed using circular scans of a diameter of 3.4 mm around the optic disc.PPCT was measured by EDI-OCT in six sectors： nasal（N）,superonasal（SN）,superotemporal（ST）,temporal（T）,inferotemporal（IT）and inferonasal（IN）,as well as global RNFL thickness（G）.RESULTS： The mean global PPCT was 165.49±33.76 μm.The temporal,inferonasal,inferotemporal PPCT were significantly thinner than the nasal,superonasal,superotemporal segments PPCT were significantly thinner in the myopic group at temporal,superotemporal and inferotemporal segments.The axial length was significantly associated with the average global（β=-0.419,P =0.014）,superonasal（β=-2.009,P=0.049） and inferonasal（β=-2.000,P=0.049） PPCT.The other factors（gender,age,SE） were not significantly associated with PPCT.CONCLUSION： PPCT was thinner in the myopic group at temporal,superotemporal and inferotemporal segments.The axial length was found to be negatively correlated to PPCT.We need more further studies about the relationship between PPCT and myopia.
文摘Imaging has a central role in the context of focal therapy(FT)for prostate cancer(PCa).Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)is a novel imaging modality that combines the morpho-functional information of MRI with the molecular characterization of PET.Some papers reported the potential advantages of PSMA PET/MRI in different clinical scenarios.Limited evidence on PSMA PET/MRI is available in the setting of FT.PSMA PET/MRI can be an effective imaging modality for detecting primary PCa and seems to provide accurate local staging of primary PCa.PSMA PET/MRI also shows high performance for restaging and detecting tumor recurrence.The higher soft-tissue contrast and the reduction of ionizing radiation are the main advantages reported in the literature compared to PET/computed tomography.PSMA PET/MRI could represent a turning point in the management of patients with PCa in the context of FT.Further studies are needed to confirm its applications in this specific clinical setting.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300805)。
文摘AIM:To characterize spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)features of chorioretinal folds in orbital mass imaged using enhanced depth imaging(EDI).METHODS:Prospective observational case-control study was conducted in 20 eyes of 20 patients,the uninvolved eye served as a control.All the patients underwent clinical fundus photography,computed tomography,EDI SDOCT imaging before and after surgery.Two patients with cavernous hemangiomas underwent intratumoral injection of bleomycin A5;the remaining patients underwent tumor excision.Patients were followed 1 to 14mo following surgery(average follow up,5.8mo).RESULTS:Visual acuity prior to surgery ranged from 20/20 to 20/200.Following surgery,5 patients’visual acuity remained unchanged while the remaining 15 patients had a mean letter improvement of 10(range 4 to 26 letters).Photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects were found in 10 of 15 patients prior to surgery.Following surgical excision,photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects fully resolved in 8 of these 10 patients.CONCLUSION:Persistence of photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects caused by compression of the globe by an orbital mass can be associated with reduced visual prognosis.Our findings suggest that photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects on EDI SD-OCT could be an indicator for immediate surgical excision of an orbital mass causing choroidal compression.
文摘Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely poor prognosis,with a global increased incidence due to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).The 18Ffludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)combines glucose metabolic information(reflecting the glycolytic activity of tumor cells)with anatomical structure to assess tumor metabolic heterogeneity,systemic metastasis,and molecular characteristics noninvasively,overcoming the limitations of traditional imaging in the detection of micrometastases and recurrent lesions.18F-FDG PET/CT offers critical insights in clinical staging,therapeutic evaluation,and prognostic prediction of BTC.This article reviews research progress in this field over the past decade,with a particular focus on the advances made in the last 3 years,which have not been adequately summarized and recognized.The research paradigm in this field is shifting from qualitative to quantitative studies,and there have been significant breakthroughs in using 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic information to predict gene expression in ICC.Radiomics and deep learning techniques have been applied to ICC for prognostic prediction and differential diagnosis.Additionally,PET/magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly demonstrating its value in this field.
基金Supported by Taiwan National Science and Technology Council,No.NSTC114-2221-E-035-036Taichung Veterans General Hospital/Feng Chia University Joint Research Program,No.TCVGH-FCU1148207.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer carries a poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates and limited early detection options.The skeletal muscle index at the L3 vertebral level is a well-established prognostic marker in esophageal cancer,but most follow-up computed tomography(CT)scans do not extend to L3 and limiting its utility.Radiomics has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting prognostic information from medical images.AIM To evaluate the influential features for esophageal cancer prognosis by integrating radiomic and body compositionbased indices of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the T12 level from both pretreatment and follow-up CT images,in order to assess their value in predicting overall survival(OS).METHODS This retrospective study included 212 esophageal cancer patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy,with both pretreatment and follow-up chest CT scans available.Body organ analysis(BOA)and radiomic features were extracted from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the T12 level using automated tools.Four feature subsets(no-radiomics,pretreatment only,follow-up only,and combined inputs)were developed using logistic regression(LR)with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for feature selection,followed by Cox regression.Prognostic models-including nomogram,support vector classifier,LR,and extra trees classifier-were constructed to predict 1-,2-,and 3-year OS.RESULTS The model integrating both BOA and radiomics from pretreatment and follow-up CT,combined with clinical data,achieved the best performance for 2-year OS prediction,with an area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91,sensitivity of 0.81,and specificity of 0.88 using the LR model.The most predictive features included both clinical variables,body composition indices,and radiomic features,particularly from follow-up VAT.Follow-up imaging contributed significantly to model performance,reinforcing its value in treatment response evaluation.CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that BOA indices and their corresponding radiomics at the T12-level from both pretreatment and follow-up CT scans-combined with clinical data-can provide accurate prognostic information for esophageal cancer.This approach offers a practical alternative when L3-level imaging is unavailable and supports the clinical integration of automated T12-based imaging biomarkers.The integration of these imaging features with clinical parameters enhances the prediction of survival outcomes and contributes to non-invasive,personalized treatment planning.
文摘BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography(OCT)enables high-resolution,non-invasive visualization of retinal structures.Recent evidence suggests that retinal layer alterations may reflect central nervous system changes associated with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia(SZ).AIM To develop an advanced deep learning model to classify OCT images and distinguish patients with SZ from healthy controls using retinal biomarkers.METHODS A novel convolutional neural network,Self-AttentionNeXt,was designed by integrating grouped self-attention mechanisms,residual and inverted bottleneck blocks,and a final 1×1 convolution for feature refinement.The model was trained and tested on both a custom OCT dataset collected from patients with SZ and a publicly available OCT dataset(OCT2017).RESULTS Self-AttentionNeXt achieved 97.0%accuracy on the collected SZ OCT dataset and over 95%accuracy on the public OCT2017 dataset.Gradient-weighted class activation mapping visualizations confirmed the model’s attention to clinically relevant retinal regions,suggesting effective feature localization.CONCLUSION Self-AttentionNeXt effectively combines transformer-inspired attention mechanisms with convolutional neural networks architecture to support the early and accurate detection of SZ using OCT images.This approach offers a promising direction for artificial intelligence-assisted psychiatric diagnostics and clinical decision support.
文摘BACKGROUND Reliable preoperative detection of lymph node metastasis(LNM)in pancreatic cancer remains elusive:Conventional computed tomography(CT)underestimates micrometastases,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is hampered by low specificity.The neutrophil-albumin ratio(NAR)simultaneously reflects systemic inflammation and nutritional depletion,but its contribution to LNM prediction in pancreatic cancer is unexplored.We hypothesised that integrating NAR with multiphase CT findings would significantly improve the accuracy of preoperative LNM assessment in patients undergoing curative-intent resection.AIM To determine whether preoperative NAR plus multi-phase CT reliably predicts nodal metastasis in pancreatic cancer.METHODS In this single-centre retrospective cohort study(February 2022 to February 2025,Ordos Central Hospital,China),129 consecutive patients undergoing curative pancreatic resection were histologically classified as LNM+(n=61)and LNM-(n=68).Preoperative NAR and platelet-albumin ratio(PAR)were calculated;optimal cut-offs were determined with X-tile.Multi-phase CT images were re-reviewed by two blinded radiologists.Independent predictors of nodal metastasis were identified by multivariate logistic regression,and model performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.RESULTS Between the two cohorts,univariate comparison revealed significant divergence in age,tumour diameter,concomitant hemangioma thrombosis,PAR,NAR,and CT-detected nodal status(P<0.05).Subsequent multivariate modelling identified hemangioma thrombosis,PAR above 6.35,NAR exceeding 0.13,and radiologically positive lymph nodes as independent predictors of nodal metastasis(P<0.05).ROC evaluation indicated that the NAR-plus-CT-nodes model(model 1)reached an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.758,whereas the fourvariable composite(model 3)achieved the best performance with an AUC of 0.830(95%CI:0.753-0.890),sensitivity 83.61%,and specificity 67.65%.CONCLUSION The model 3(NAR>0.13,PAR>6.35,CT nodal positivity,hemangioma thrombosis)provides robust,clinically actionable preoperative identification of pancreatic cancer patients at high risk of LNM.
