The successful application of the Xixia Imperial Tombs for World Heritage Status has brought this civilization,sealed in the loess,to the global stage.The Xixia Imperial Tombs may become an important node connecting t...The successful application of the Xixia Imperial Tombs for World Heritage Status has brought this civilization,sealed in the loess,to the global stage.The Xixia Imperial Tombs may become an important node connecting the civilizations along the Silk Road.Their characteristic cultural integration serves as a unique window through which foreign tourists can understand Chinese civilization.展开更多
Abstract: This paper discusses the distribution pattern and geological significance of the carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) in the depositional sequences of Gaoyuzhuangian, Yangzhuangian and Wumishanian ag...Abstract: This paper discusses the distribution pattern and geological significance of the carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) in the depositional sequences of Gaoyuzhuangian, Yangzhuangian and Wumishanian ages of the established Middle and Upper Proterozoic sequence stratigraphic framework in the Ming Tombs area lying in western Yanshan Mountain of Beijing. Besides, sketchy determination of δ13C and δ18O was also performed for other formations and members. The analytical results show the following: under the condition of clear-water carbonate sediments, δ13C and δ18O, featuring smaller variation of δ13C but larger variation of δ18O, can well delineate the relative change of sea level, which reflects the difference of primary sedimentary settings; in the presence of terrigenous substances, δ13C values vary greatly while δ18O slightly; the carbon and oxygen isotopes show marked changes at sequence boundaries. Besides, particular patterns can be found in regard to the distribution of carbon and oxygen isotopes within the sequences.展开更多
From the pyramids of Giza to the tombs of Thebes at Luxor, the glorious ancient Egyptian history has produced remarkable architecture. Sadly, tourists, numbering nearly four million per year, have taken a heavy toll o...From the pyramids of Giza to the tombs of Thebes at Luxor, the glorious ancient Egyptian history has produced remarkable architecture. Sadly, tourists, numbering nearly four million per year, have taken a heavy toll on many of these ancient structures. Of particular concern are many of tombs located opposite Luxor on the western bank of the Nile. Digital reconstruction of these tombs has the potential of helping to document and preserve these important historical structures. Issues concernng new and unique problems involving the photographing and digital reconstruction of these tombs are addressed. Techniques for removing image distortions, recovering 3-D shapes and correcting for lighting imbalances are discussed. A complete reconstruction of the tomb of Sennediem is shown.展开更多
Built between 1368 and 1911, The Imperial Tombs of the Ming （1368- 1644） and Qing （1644-1911） dynaslies includes Xianling Tombs of theMing Dynast）. Eastern and Western Qing Tornbs, Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty.
Medicated diets,a health regimen that integrates the medicinalproperties of herbs with the nutritional benefits of food,aredesigned to facilitate health maintenance and disease prevention,following the principles of T...Medicated diets,a health regimen that integrates the medicinalproperties of herbs with the nutritional benefits of food,aredesigned to facilitate health maintenance and disease prevention,following the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine in dietarypreparation.The concept of medicated diets is deeply rooted inhuman civilization.According to Zhou Li Tian Guan,as early asthe Zhou Dynasty(256 BC–11th century),royal physicians weredivided into four distinct specializations,with dietetic physiciansranked foremost.These physicians were responsible for managingthe dietary health of the emperor and empress,highlighting thecritical role of diet in health maintenance,which marks the formative stage of the medicated diet concept.展开更多
Many abnormal sedimentary structures in the Precambrian carbonate strata of the Ming Tombs District,Beijing, are recognized by the author as a probable earth- quake-tsunami sequence. These structures include a series ...Many abnormal sedimentary structures in the Precambrian carbonate strata of the Ming Tombs District,Beijing, are recognized by the author as a probable earth- quake-tsunami sequence. These structures include a series of soft sedimentary de- formation and elasticoplastic folding and are implicated not only in geological cat- astrophic events but also more or less in the prediction of recent earthquakes.展开更多
The exhibition Echoes of King Kaolie Archaeological Discoveries From the Wuwangdun Tomb No.1 opened at the National Museum of China in Beijing on December 26,2025.Wuwangdun Tomb No.1 is the mausoleum of King Kaolie,wh...The exhibition Echoes of King Kaolie Archaeological Discoveries From the Wuwangdun Tomb No.1 opened at the National Museum of China in Beijing on December 26,2025.Wuwangdun Tomb No.1 is the mausoleum of King Kaolie,who ruled the State of Chu during the Warring States Period(475-221 B.C.).展开更多
60th World Heritage Site Inscribed China’s Xixia Imperial Tombs were o"cially inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on 11 July,during the 47th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Paris,France.W...60th World Heritage Site Inscribed China’s Xixia Imperial Tombs were o"cially inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on 11 July,during the 47th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Paris,France.With this inscription,China’s total number of World Heritage sites has risen to 60,further solidifying its global standing in heritage preservation.展开更多
This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s accession to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.On July 11,2025,the Xixia Imperial Tombs were inscribed on the World He...This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s accession to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.On July 11,2025,the Xixia Imperial Tombs were inscribed on the World Heritage List,becoming China’s 60th World Heritage site and reinforcing the country's status as having the second-highest number of World Heritage sites globally.展开更多
1 Archaeologists have recently uncovered a significant tomb in Anhui Province,China,which dates back over 2,200 years.This discovery sheds light on the ancient Chu civilization,revealing fascinating details about life...1 Archaeologists have recently uncovered a significant tomb in Anhui Province,China,which dates back over 2,200 years.This discovery sheds light on the ancient Chu civilization,revealing fascinating details about life during the Warring States period(475 BC-221 BC).展开更多
A review of previous archaeological studies on the Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties reveals that the classification of artifacts has largely relied on researchers’subjective judgments.This phenomenon is limited by both o...A review of previous archaeological studies on the Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties reveals that the classification of artifacts has largely relied on researchers’subjective judgments.This phenomenon is limited by both objective conditions and the researchers’subjective understanding.By analyzing bronzes excavated from a Warring States tomb at Majia town,Xindu district,Chengdu,located in southwestern China’s Sichuan province,this study attempts to develop a more objective methodological framework through three steps:(a)identifying representative examples with well-preserved artifacts and primary contexts;(b)establishing classification criteria based on artifact forms,quantities,spatial arrangements,and anomalies;and(c)testing these criteria against a broader range of archaeological materials.展开更多
The orientations of ancient tombs have attracted increasing scholarly attention,as they offer valuable insights into early social structures,cultural traditions,and the relationship between humans and their environmen...The orientations of ancient tombs have attracted increasing scholarly attention,as they offer valuable insights into early social structures,cultural traditions,and the relationship between humans and their environment.However,the application of machine learning algorithms to the study of tomb orientation remains relatively underexplored.In this study,we employed a Gaussian mixture model to conduct a systematic analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of Neolithic tomb orientations in Central China.We also examined the relationship between tomb orientation and both environmental factors and sociocultural dynamics.The findings suggest a deliberate and methodical approach to the planning and alignment of tombs during the Neolithic Age.Tomb orientations in each chronological phase displayed clear clustering patterns,reflecting a developmental trajectory from uniformity to diversity,and ultimately toward integration.While early angular measurement techniques appear to have emerged,they do not show evidence of sustained technical progression.Instead,different periods seem to have achieved similar levels of directional accuracy.The predominance of westward-facing tombs may be closely tied to both topographic features and the symbolic association with sunset.At the same time,cultural evolution and interregional exchange played essential roles in shaping the distinctive patterns of prehistoric tomb orientation.This research contributes not only to the understanding of ancient funerary practices but also demonstrates the potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies in advancing archaeological analysis.展开更多
Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With ...Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With special geographical position and excellent location condition,it is the important tourism resource and archaeological remains in Shaanxi Province.By using relevant knowledge on tourism,in the perspective of development principle,necessity,feasibility,construction strategy and thought of top-quality tourism corridor with cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as theme experience,the author systematically explained the mode elements and value of experiential tourism products,and publicized the tourism resources to a certain extent.On the basis of publicity,the author strived to provide reference for the sustainable development of economy and ecology in this region.展开更多
The Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 is an ancient tomb built in the late 6<sup>th</sup> and early 7<sup>th</sup> century. The four walls of the main room have murals of four guardian deities, and the ce...The Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 is an ancient tomb built in the late 6<sup>th</sup> and early 7<sup>th</sup> century. The four walls of the main room have murals of four guardian deities, and the ceiling has murals of lotus and cloud patterns. This study assessed the optimal growth conditions of two fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella sp.) and four bacterial (Bacillus cereus, Cupriavidus campinensis, Streptomyces avidinii, Streptomyces cirratus) strains isolated from the Tomb No. 1, along with their effects on the painting layer. The two fungi showed optimal growth at 20°C - 30°C under both nutrient and non-nutrient conditions. These strains did not decompose or discolor the three pigments (cinnabar, hematite, oyster shell white);however, M. sp. showed slight decomposition of the media (starch paste, sea weed). The four bacterial strains showed the most active growth at 20°C - 25°C under nutrient conditions and did not grow under non-nutrient conditions. These bacteria commonly degraded animal glue and sea weed components. In addition, S. cirratus degraded starch. The genus Streptomyces discolored the pigment medium to brown and black, suggesting a possible risk of discoloration of the murals. The current environment in Tomb No. 1 was sufficient for microorganism growth, and the presence of strains such as soil bacteria and actinomycetes on the mural surface may damage the murals. The findings of this study could be helpful for preserving mural tombs against biological damage caused by microorganisms that are already present or may be present in the tombs in the future. These findings also provide guidelines for comprehensive conservation management.展开更多
This paper presents a preliminary report based on a reconnaissance survey so as to create the basis for further archaeological research works. The reconnaissance was conducted along areas in Mipingo ward north of Lind...This paper presents a preliminary report based on a reconnaissance survey so as to create the basis for further archaeological research works. The reconnaissance was conducted along areas in Mipingo ward north of Lindi town in Lindi Rural district, Lindi Region, Southeastern Tanzania. The reconnaissance work’s main objective was to pinpoint Iron Working, Neolithic and stone industrial techno-complexes (for example, Later Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and Sangoan-like traditions). Specifically, the reconnaissance works sought to identify cultural traditions such as Iron Working, Neolithic as well as Stone Age sequences/facies;to document other cultural heritage resources (movable and immovable, fauna or flora) in the areas;and later on, as a long-term goal after a fully-fledged research is done (after several years of works), to undertake community involvement for conservation as well as carry out presentation of the cultural heritage assets in form of a satellite museum/museums to be linked with the University of Dares Salaam Museum under the Department of Archaeology and Heritage. Normal archaeological survey strategies were employed in the area. The spotted materials were collected and GPS locations were noted. The area showed some potential archaeological remains that merit intensive archaeological research works. Such archaeological materials include ruins, tombs, stone tools and two pieces of pottery. In terms of cultural traditions, there is evidence pointing to Stone Age people from early Stone Age represented by Acheulian Industrial techno-complex followed by Middle Stone Age and Later Stone Age people. Furthermore, though two pieces of pottery were recovered, further intensive works may help to justify Iron Working people lived there. Moreover, remains of a house foundation reported to have been a store of slaves implying to the fact that slavery was not only practiced in Bagamoyo, Zanzibar and other places already reported in Tanzania, but also as far as Southeastern Tanzania, in particular, at Mchinga II and Mchinga II village in Lindi region. The tomb at Namihodi hamlet, Mchinga I village and graves close to the house foundation at Mchinga II villages also justify stay of foreign people, possibly Persians and/or Arabs. Presence of remains of Mosques at Mchinga I and Mchinga II implied that Islam was practiced there about three hundred thousand years ago, a pattern firmly established at other places along coastal Tanzania areas like Kaole, Bagamoyo, Kunduchi, Mbweni, Kilwa and many more places. In addition, indigenous people still undertake their rituals in the area as shown at Mchinga II village and Kilangala A village. The reported ruins at Mchinga I, Mchinga II and Kilangala villages need further research so as to get further insights and undertake community conservation as desired by the proponent.展开更多
In September of 1990, the famous Chokong relics were unearthed in the Chokong Village, a suburb of Lhasa with in the Tibet Aut ono mous Photo 1: The handled copper mirror unearthed from the Chokong site. Regi on. At t...In September of 1990, the famous Chokong relics were unearthed in the Chokong Village, a suburb of Lhasa with in the Tibet Aut ono mous Photo 1: The handled copper mirror unearthed from the Chokong site. Regi on. At the sametime of this very discovery, an an cient cemetery, even older than the relics found in Chokong, was also found.The Archaeological Research Center of the Academy of Social Sciences, the Administrative Committee of Cultural Relics of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and some archaeological scholars from Sichuan University formed a team to work on this group of ancient tombs.展开更多
文摘The successful application of the Xixia Imperial Tombs for World Heritage Status has brought this civilization,sealed in the loess,to the global stage.The Xixia Imperial Tombs may become an important node connecting the civilizations along the Silk Road.Their characteristic cultural integration serves as a unique window through which foreign tourists can understand Chinese civilization.
文摘Abstract: This paper discusses the distribution pattern and geological significance of the carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) in the depositional sequences of Gaoyuzhuangian, Yangzhuangian and Wumishanian ages of the established Middle and Upper Proterozoic sequence stratigraphic framework in the Ming Tombs area lying in western Yanshan Mountain of Beijing. Besides, sketchy determination of δ13C and δ18O was also performed for other formations and members. The analytical results show the following: under the condition of clear-water carbonate sediments, δ13C and δ18O, featuring smaller variation of δ13C but larger variation of δ18O, can well delineate the relative change of sea level, which reflects the difference of primary sedimentary settings; in the presence of terrigenous substances, δ13C values vary greatly while δ18O slightly; the carbon and oxygen isotopes show marked changes at sequence boundaries. Besides, particular patterns can be found in regard to the distribution of carbon and oxygen isotopes within the sequences.
文摘From the pyramids of Giza to the tombs of Thebes at Luxor, the glorious ancient Egyptian history has produced remarkable architecture. Sadly, tourists, numbering nearly four million per year, have taken a heavy toll on many of these ancient structures. Of particular concern are many of tombs located opposite Luxor on the western bank of the Nile. Digital reconstruction of these tombs has the potential of helping to document and preserve these important historical structures. Issues concernng new and unique problems involving the photographing and digital reconstruction of these tombs are addressed. Techniques for removing image distortions, recovering 3-D shapes and correcting for lighting imbalances are discussed. A complete reconstruction of the tomb of Sennediem is shown.
文摘Built between 1368 and 1911, The Imperial Tombs of the Ming （1368- 1644） and Qing （1644-1911） dynaslies includes Xianling Tombs of theMing Dynast）. Eastern and Western Qing Tornbs, Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274053 and 82325049)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese MedicalSciences(CI2021A04001)the CACMS Innovation Fund(CI2023E002 and CI2023D001).
文摘Medicated diets,a health regimen that integrates the medicinalproperties of herbs with the nutritional benefits of food,aredesigned to facilitate health maintenance and disease prevention,following the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine in dietarypreparation.The concept of medicated diets is deeply rooted inhuman civilization.According to Zhou Li Tian Guan,as early asthe Zhou Dynasty(256 BC–11th century),royal physicians weredivided into four distinct specializations,with dietetic physiciansranked foremost.These physicians were responsible for managingthe dietary health of the emperor and empress,highlighting thecritical role of diet in health maintenance,which marks the formative stage of the medicated diet concept.
文摘Many abnormal sedimentary structures in the Precambrian carbonate strata of the Ming Tombs District,Beijing, are recognized by the author as a probable earth- quake-tsunami sequence. These structures include a series of soft sedimentary de- formation and elasticoplastic folding and are implicated not only in geological cat- astrophic events but also more or less in the prediction of recent earthquakes.
文摘The exhibition Echoes of King Kaolie Archaeological Discoveries From the Wuwangdun Tomb No.1 opened at the National Museum of China in Beijing on December 26,2025.Wuwangdun Tomb No.1 is the mausoleum of King Kaolie,who ruled the State of Chu during the Warring States Period(475-221 B.C.).
文摘60th World Heritage Site Inscribed China’s Xixia Imperial Tombs were o"cially inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on 11 July,during the 47th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Paris,France.With this inscription,China’s total number of World Heritage sites has risen to 60,further solidifying its global standing in heritage preservation.
文摘This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s accession to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.On July 11,2025,the Xixia Imperial Tombs were inscribed on the World Heritage List,becoming China’s 60th World Heritage site and reinforcing the country's status as having the second-highest number of World Heritage sites globally.
文摘1 Archaeologists have recently uncovered a significant tomb in Anhui Province,China,which dates back over 2,200 years.This discovery sheds light on the ancient Chu civilization,revealing fascinating details about life during the Warring States period(475 BC-221 BC).
基金the National Social Science Fund of China-sponsored key project Collation and Research of Materials from the Sanxingdui Sacrificial Pit(Grant No.:22AKG006).
文摘A review of previous archaeological studies on the Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties reveals that the classification of artifacts has largely relied on researchers’subjective judgments.This phenomenon is limited by both objective conditions and the researchers’subjective understanding.By analyzing bronzes excavated from a Warring States tomb at Majia town,Xindu district,Chengdu,located in southwestern China’s Sichuan province,this study attempts to develop a more objective methodological framework through three steps:(a)identifying representative examples with well-preserved artifacts and primary contexts;(b)establishing classification criteria based on artifact forms,quantities,spatial arrangements,and anomalies;and(c)testing these criteria against a broader range of archaeological materials.
基金The Basic Scientific Research of Henan Academy of Sciences,No.20250601010National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971016+2 种基金The Innovation Team Project of Henan Academy of Sciences,No.20230103Science and Technology Innovation Platform Cultivation and Promotion Project of Henan Academy of Sciences,No.241001037The Soft Science Project of Henan Province,No.252400410524。
文摘The orientations of ancient tombs have attracted increasing scholarly attention,as they offer valuable insights into early social structures,cultural traditions,and the relationship between humans and their environment.However,the application of machine learning algorithms to the study of tomb orientation remains relatively underexplored.In this study,we employed a Gaussian mixture model to conduct a systematic analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of Neolithic tomb orientations in Central China.We also examined the relationship between tomb orientation and both environmental factors and sociocultural dynamics.The findings suggest a deliberate and methodical approach to the planning and alignment of tombs during the Neolithic Age.Tomb orientations in each chronological phase displayed clear clustering patterns,reflecting a developmental trajectory from uniformity to diversity,and ultimately toward integration.While early angular measurement techniques appear to have emerged,they do not show evidence of sustained technical progression.Instead,different periods seem to have achieved similar levels of directional accuracy.The predominance of westward-facing tombs may be closely tied to both topographic features and the symbolic association with sunset.At the same time,cultural evolution and interregional exchange played essential roles in shaping the distinctive patterns of prehistoric tomb orientation.This research contributes not only to the understanding of ancient funerary practices but also demonstrates the potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies in advancing archaeological analysis.
基金Supported by Financial Project of Shaanxi Province Key Disciplines:Key Supported Discipline of History and Geography (Landscape Lay-out and Cultural Tourism Development of Wulingyuan Mausoleum)the Financial Project of Shaanxi (College) Philosophy and Social Key Research Base Science -Guanzhong Ancient Mausoleum Culture Research Center~~
文摘Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With special geographical position and excellent location condition,it is the important tourism resource and archaeological remains in Shaanxi Province.By using relevant knowledge on tourism,in the perspective of development principle,necessity,feasibility,construction strategy and thought of top-quality tourism corridor with cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as theme experience,the author systematically explained the mode elements and value of experiential tourism products,and publicized the tourism resources to a certain extent.On the basis of publicity,the author strived to provide reference for the sustainable development of economy and ecology in this region.
文摘The Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 is an ancient tomb built in the late 6<sup>th</sup> and early 7<sup>th</sup> century. The four walls of the main room have murals of four guardian deities, and the ceiling has murals of lotus and cloud patterns. This study assessed the optimal growth conditions of two fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella sp.) and four bacterial (Bacillus cereus, Cupriavidus campinensis, Streptomyces avidinii, Streptomyces cirratus) strains isolated from the Tomb No. 1, along with their effects on the painting layer. The two fungi showed optimal growth at 20°C - 30°C under both nutrient and non-nutrient conditions. These strains did not decompose or discolor the three pigments (cinnabar, hematite, oyster shell white);however, M. sp. showed slight decomposition of the media (starch paste, sea weed). The four bacterial strains showed the most active growth at 20°C - 25°C under nutrient conditions and did not grow under non-nutrient conditions. These bacteria commonly degraded animal glue and sea weed components. In addition, S. cirratus degraded starch. The genus Streptomyces discolored the pigment medium to brown and black, suggesting a possible risk of discoloration of the murals. The current environment in Tomb No. 1 was sufficient for microorganism growth, and the presence of strains such as soil bacteria and actinomycetes on the mural surface may damage the murals. The findings of this study could be helpful for preserving mural tombs against biological damage caused by microorganisms that are already present or may be present in the tombs in the future. These findings also provide guidelines for comprehensive conservation management.
文摘This paper presents a preliminary report based on a reconnaissance survey so as to create the basis for further archaeological research works. The reconnaissance was conducted along areas in Mipingo ward north of Lindi town in Lindi Rural district, Lindi Region, Southeastern Tanzania. The reconnaissance work’s main objective was to pinpoint Iron Working, Neolithic and stone industrial techno-complexes (for example, Later Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and Sangoan-like traditions). Specifically, the reconnaissance works sought to identify cultural traditions such as Iron Working, Neolithic as well as Stone Age sequences/facies;to document other cultural heritage resources (movable and immovable, fauna or flora) in the areas;and later on, as a long-term goal after a fully-fledged research is done (after several years of works), to undertake community involvement for conservation as well as carry out presentation of the cultural heritage assets in form of a satellite museum/museums to be linked with the University of Dares Salaam Museum under the Department of Archaeology and Heritage. Normal archaeological survey strategies were employed in the area. The spotted materials were collected and GPS locations were noted. The area showed some potential archaeological remains that merit intensive archaeological research works. Such archaeological materials include ruins, tombs, stone tools and two pieces of pottery. In terms of cultural traditions, there is evidence pointing to Stone Age people from early Stone Age represented by Acheulian Industrial techno-complex followed by Middle Stone Age and Later Stone Age people. Furthermore, though two pieces of pottery were recovered, further intensive works may help to justify Iron Working people lived there. Moreover, remains of a house foundation reported to have been a store of slaves implying to the fact that slavery was not only practiced in Bagamoyo, Zanzibar and other places already reported in Tanzania, but also as far as Southeastern Tanzania, in particular, at Mchinga II and Mchinga II village in Lindi region. The tomb at Namihodi hamlet, Mchinga I village and graves close to the house foundation at Mchinga II villages also justify stay of foreign people, possibly Persians and/or Arabs. Presence of remains of Mosques at Mchinga I and Mchinga II implied that Islam was practiced there about three hundred thousand years ago, a pattern firmly established at other places along coastal Tanzania areas like Kaole, Bagamoyo, Kunduchi, Mbweni, Kilwa and many more places. In addition, indigenous people still undertake their rituals in the area as shown at Mchinga II village and Kilangala A village. The reported ruins at Mchinga I, Mchinga II and Kilangala villages need further research so as to get further insights and undertake community conservation as desired by the proponent.
文摘In September of 1990, the famous Chokong relics were unearthed in the Chokong Village, a suburb of Lhasa with in the Tibet Aut ono mous Photo 1: The handled copper mirror unearthed from the Chokong site. Regi on. At the sametime of this very discovery, an an cient cemetery, even older than the relics found in Chokong, was also found.The Archaeological Research Center of the Academy of Social Sciences, the Administrative Committee of Cultural Relics of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and some archaeological scholars from Sichuan University formed a team to work on this group of ancient tombs.
