In order to identify the resistant gene of rice false smut in rice, a recombi- nant inbred line （RILs） population with 157 lines derived from an inter-subspecies cross of Daguandao/IR28 by the single seed descent me...In order to identify the resistant gene of rice false smut in rice, a recombi- nant inbred line （RILs） population with 157 lines derived from an inter-subspecies cross of Daguandao/IR28 by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） conferring resistance to strain Pi-1 of rice false smut caused by Usti/aginoiclea virens （Cooke） Takahashi in 2012 and 2013. The disease rate indexes of the two parents and 157 RILs caused by the strain Pi-1 of rice false smut were scored and the QTLs for rice false smut resistance were detected accordingly by QTL Cartographer software. Seven QTLs controlling false smut re- sistance were detected on chromosomes 2, 7, 8, 11 and 12, respectively, with the phenotypic variance of 8.5%-17.2%. There were four QTLs detected in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and only one QTL was found in both two years, the phenotypic variation explained by this individual QTL was 13.5% and 17.2%, and the additive effects of this QTL contributed to the 9.9% and 14.3% decrease of disease index and therefore the disease resistance increased. The direction of the additive effects at five loci qFsr2a, qFsr8a, qFsr8b, qFsr11 and qFsr12 coincided with that predicted by phenotypes of the parents, and the IR28 alleles at these loci had positive effect against rice false smut while the negative effects were found in Daguandao alleles at qFsr2b and qFsr7. The qFsr11 should be useful in rice breeding for resistance to rice false smut in marker-assisted selection （MAS） program.展开更多
The pharmacokinetics of a sustained- release formulation and an enteric- coated tablet of diclofenac sodium were studied on 8 healthy male volunteers in an open,randomized crossover study.Drug level in serum was assay...The pharmacokinetics of a sustained- release formulation and an enteric- coated tablet of diclofenac sodium were studied on 8 healthy male volunteers in an open,randomized crossover study.Drug level in serum was assayed by HPLC method.The changes in serum concentration were conformed to a l-compartment open model.The t_1/2 (Ke)averaged 2.15±0.17 and ll.60 ± l.95 h,and the areas under the drug concentration curves were 5.87 ± 0.67 and 5.55 ± 0.57μgh/ml for enteric-coated and sustained-release tablet of diclofenac sodium,respectively. The mean relative bioavailability of sustained-release tablet was 0.95 to that of enteric-coated tablet.展开更多
Background: To explore the hepatoprotective effect of Yigan mingmu oral liquid (YGMM) on isoniazid-rifampicin induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Total 38 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including contr...Background: To explore the hepatoprotective effect of Yigan mingmu oral liquid (YGMM) on isoniazid-rifampicin induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Total 38 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including control group, model group, silymarin positive control group, and three YGMM treatment groups. Model group was administered intragastrically with INH (100 mg/kg) and RIF (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Silymarin group and YGMM treatment groups were administered intragastrically with silymarin (100 mg/kg) and different doses of YGMM (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg) 2 hours before INH and RIF administration from day 4 to day 14.?Results: Rats were sacrificed 16 hours after the last day treatment to determine the activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as total bilirubin (TB) content. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological changes in liver tissues were observed under an optical microscope by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mice?in model groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels in AST, ALT, ALP, TB and MDA compared to their control groups;and showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased level in T-SOD. These changes were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed by the YGMM treatments in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic pathological changes were attenuated or even reversed by silymarin or YGMM treatments. Conclusions: YGMM has a good hepatoprotective activity on isoniazid-rifampicin induced liver injuries in rats.展开更多
1-（β-Hydroxyalkyl）-l,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized via reductive addition reactions of 2-chloromethyl-l,3,4-oxadiazole with carbonyl compounds under mild conditions promoted by SmI2.
Background Chordae reconstruction is one of the key points in repair of mitral valve prolapse, especially for anterior leaflets. Here we introduce our experiences of using echo-determined normal chordael length to mak...Background Chordae reconstruction is one of the key points in repair of mitral valve prolapse, especially for anterior leaflets. Here we introduce our experiences of using echo-determined normal chordael length to make the loops preoperatively and rebuild the elongated/ruptured chordae intraoperatively. Materials and method From June 2011 to February 2012, 19 consecutive cases with mitral anterior leaflet prolapse underwent valve repair procedures. Echocardiography was used to determine the length of normal chordae that the prolapsed leaflets should have for normal coaptation. The artificial chordae was fabricated in loops according to echo-determined length. Results All patients survived the operations. 2.8 preoperatively prepared loops were used per patient to restore the anterior leaflets, as well as posterior leaflets. Artificial mitral valve rings were applied to 18 patients for mitral annuloplasty. 16 patients were underwent different concomitant operations. Echocardiographic results at discharge showed that grade of mitral regurgitation, left ventricular end-diastolic, end-systolic dimension de-creased definitely,respectively from 3.26 ± 1.10, 53.79 ± 15.03 mm, 33.00 ± 12.05 mm preoperatively to 0.47 ± 0.61 （P 〈 0.01）, 44.74±10.28 mm （P 〈 0.01）, 30.16 ± 10.58 mm （P 〈 0.05） postoperatively. All patients improved clinically and NYHA functional class Conclusion Reconstruction of prolapsed anterior decreased significantly from 2.17 ± 0.81 to 1.12 ± 0.33. leaflet chordae with artificial loops in preoperatively echo-de-termined length is safe and effective, and initial clinical outcome is satisfactory.展开更多
Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambi...Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambiguity(IBA) increases as the directional difference between beams becomes smaller.An adaptive antenna activation based beamforming scheme was proposed to mitigate IBA.In the district near the base station(BS),all antenna elements(AEs) were activated to generate two beams.As the distance from the train to the BS increased,only the minimum number of AEs satisfying the resolution criterion would be activated.At the cell edge,one beam was switched off due to intolerable IBA.The proposed scheme can achieve SE gain to the non-adaptive scheme and show more robustness against the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation error.展开更多
The optical wireless communication (OWC) is afading channel because of the effect of atmosphericattenuation. We introduce a cumulant-based adaptive detection technique to providehigh performance for OWC. The received ...The optical wireless communication (OWC) is afading channel because of the effect of atmosphericattenuation. We introduce a cumulant-based adaptive detection technique to providehigh performance for OWC. The received signalof OWC over strong turbulence channels is assumedto be a mixture of K-distributed fading andGaussian distributed thermal noise. In order tomitigate the fading induced by turbulence, thedecision threshold-updating algorithm based onsecond and higher order cumulants is proposed,which is able to operate in an unknown turbulenceenvironment. The performance of the adaptiveprocessing scheme has been evaluated by meansof Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that theproposed approach proves valuable for a limitednumber K of memory data.展开更多
Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite p...Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.展开更多
This article establishes the precise asymptotics Eu^m(t, x)(t → ∞ or m → ∞) for the stochastic heat equation ?u/?t(t, x) =1/2?u(t, x) + u(t, x)(t, x)?W/?t(t, x) with the time-derivative Gaussian noise W?/?t(t, x) ...This article establishes the precise asymptotics Eu^m(t, x)(t → ∞ or m → ∞) for the stochastic heat equation ?u/?t(t, x) =1/2?u(t, x) + u(t, x)(t, x)?W/?t(t, x) with the time-derivative Gaussian noise W?/?t(t, x) that is fractional in time and homogeneous in space.展开更多
The electromagnetic concentrative coils are indispensable in the functional magnetic stimulation and have potential applications in nondestructive testing. In this paper, we propose a figure-8-shaped coil being compos...The electromagnetic concentrative coils are indispensable in the functional magnetic stimulation and have potential applications in nondestructive testing. In this paper, we propose a figure-8-shaped coil being composed of two arbitrary oblique elliptical coils, which can change the electromagnetic concentrative region and the magnitude of eddy current density by changing the elliptical shape and/or spread angle between two elliptical coils. Pulsed current is usually the excitation source in the functional magnetic stimulation, so in this paper we derive the analytical solutions of transient pulsed eddy current field in the time domain due to the elliptical concentrative coil placed in an arbitrary position over a half-infinite plane conductor by making use of the scale-transformation, the Laplace transform and the Fourier transform are used in our derivation. Calculation results of field distributions produced by the figure-8-shaped elliptical coil show some behaviours as follows： 1） the eddy currents are focused on the conductor under the geometric symmetric centre of figure-8-shaped coil; 2） the greater the scale factor of ellipse is, the higher the eddy current density is and the wider the concentrative area of eddy current along y axis is; 3） the maximum magnitude of eddy current density increases with the increase of spread angle. When spread angle is 180°, there are two additional reverse concentrative areas on both sides of x axis.展开更多
One way to improve practicability of automatic program repair（APR） techniques is to build prediction models which can predict whether an application of a APR technique on a bug is effective or not. Existing predicti...One way to improve practicability of automatic program repair（APR） techniques is to build prediction models which can predict whether an application of a APR technique on a bug is effective or not. Existing prediction models have some limitations. First, the prediction models are built with hand crafted features which usually fail to capture the semantic characteristics of program repair task. Second, the performance of the prediction models is only evaluated on Genprog, a genetic-programming based APR technique. This paper develops prediction models, i.e., random forest prediction models for SPR, another kind of generate-and-validate APR technique, which can distinguish ineffective repair instances from effective repair instances. Rather than handcrafted features, we use features automatically learned by deep belief network（DBN） to train the prediction models. The empirical results show that compared to the baseline models, that is, all effective models, our proposed models can at least improve the F1 by 9% and AUC（area under the receiver operating characteristics curve） by 19%. At the same time, the prediction model using learned features at least outperforms the one using hand-crafted features in terms of F1 by 11%.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative differential game theory based resource allocation approach for the network security risk assessment. For the risk assessment, the resource will be used for risk assess, inc...In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative differential game theory based resource allocation approach for the network security risk assessment. For the risk assessment, the resource will be used for risk assess, including response cost and response negative cost. The whole assessment process is considered as a differential game for optimal resource control. The proposed scheme can be obtained through the Nash Equilibrium. It is proved that the game theory based algorithm is applicable and the optimal resource level can be achieved based on the proposed algorithm.展开更多
An experimental measurement was performed us- ing time-resolved particle image velocimetry （TRPIV） to in- vestigate the spatial topological character of coherent struc- tures in wall-bounded turbulence of polymer ad...An experimental measurement was performed us- ing time-resolved particle image velocimetry （TRPIV） to in- vestigate the spatial topological character of coherent struc- tures in wall-bounded turbulence of polymer additive solu- tion. The fully developed near-wall turbulent flow fields with and without polymer additives at the same Reynolds number were measured by TRPIV in a water channel. The compar- isons of turbulent statistics confirm that due to viscoelastic structure of long-chain polymers, the wall-normal velocity fluctuation and Reynolds shear stress in the near-wall region are suppressed significantly. Furthermore, it is noted that such a behavior of polymers is closely related to the decease of the motion of the second and forth quadrants, i.e., the ejection and sweep events, in the near-wall region. The spa- tial topological mode of coherent structures during bursts has been extracted by the new mu-level criteria based on locally averaged velocity structure function. Although the general shapes of coherent structures are unchanged by polymer additives, the fluctuating velocity, velocity gradient, velocity strain rate and vorticity of coherent structures during burst events are suppressed in the polymer additive solution com- pared with that in water. The results show that due to the polymer additives the occurrence and intensity of coherent structures are suppressed, leading to drag reduction.展开更多
In tensor theory, the parallel factorization （PARAFAC）decomposition expresses a tensor as the sum of a set of rank-1tensors. By carrying out this numerical decomposition, mixedsources can be separated or unknown sys...In tensor theory, the parallel factorization （PARAFAC）decomposition expresses a tensor as the sum of a set of rank-1tensors. By carrying out this numerical decomposition, mixedsources can be separated or unknown system parameters can beidentified, which is the so-called blind source separation or blindidentification. In this paper we propose a numerical PARAFACdecomposition algorithm. Compared to traditional algorithms, wespeed up the decomposition in several aspects, i.e., search di-rection by extrapolation, suboptimal step size by Gauss-Newtonapproximation, and linear search by n steps. The algorithm is ap-plied to polarization sensitive array parameter estimation to showits usefulness. Simulations verify the correctness and performanceof the proposed numerical techniques.展开更多
Background Rupture of descending thoracic aorta is a rare but lethal disease. Compared with open surgery,thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)becomes a less invasive procedure in emergent management of patients w...Background Rupture of descending thoracic aorta is a rare but lethal disease. Compared with open surgery,thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)becomes a less invasive procedure in emergent management of patients with feasible anatomy. Nevertheless,mortality remains high as well as morbidity despite successful operation. The purpose of this study was to compare TEVAR with conservative therapy on the 30-day mortality of patients with ruptured descending thoracic aorta. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to our hospital with descending thoracic aortic rupture was performed. Patients presented with rupture of descending thoracic aorta with feasible anatomy for TEVAR between Jan 2014 and June 2019 were included. Patients were divided into operative and conservative group depending on which therapy they received. Patients received TEVAR were defined as the operative group,while those received conservative therapy were defined as conservative treatment group. Results There were twenty-six patients in total,including fifteen aortic dissections,nine were thoracic aneurysms,and two were traumatic injuries. Theie mean age was 60±13 years with only two female. Seven patients(27%)presented with shock and twenty-two(85%)was accompanied with hemothorax on admission. Nineteen patients(73%)accepted emergent TEVAR with 100% primary technical success,and the other seven received conservative treatment. In operative group,infection(89%)and respiratory failure(63%)occurred after TEVAR. The in-hospital mortality for operative and conservative treatment group was 26% and 57% respectively(P=0.18). Operative group had lower 30-day mortality(26% vs. 86%,P=0.021). Conclusions TEVAR is associated with improved early outcome in patients with ruptured descending thoracic aorta.[S Chin J Cardiol 2019;20(3):140-145]展开更多
Dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its ac-companying shortwave radiative forcing (RF) are usually simulated by numerical models.Here,by using 9 months of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol...Dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its ac-companying shortwave radiative forcing (RF) are usually simulated by numerical models.Here,by using 9 months of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol product data in combination with Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Single Scanner Footprint (CERES/SSF) data,dust AOD and its shortwave RF were estimated over the cloud-free north-west (NW) Pacific Ocean in the springs of 2004,2005,and 2006.The results showed that in this region,the mean dust AOD and its shortwave RF were 0.10 and 5.51 W m 2,respectively.In order to validate the dust AOD de-rived by MODIS,results from the Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model were also used here.The correlation coefficient between the monthly averaged dust AOD derived by MODIS measurements and the model simulation results was approximately 0.53.Since the estimates of the dust AOD and its shortwave RF obtained in this study are based mainly on satellite data,they offer a good reference for numerical models.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide phos⁃phoribosyltransferase(NAMPT)is the key en⁃zyme in the NAD(nicotinamide adenine dinucleo⁃tide)salvaging synthesis pathway.The level of NAMPT and NAD decreases during ageing,which causes neur...OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide phos⁃phoribosyltransferase(NAMPT)is the key en⁃zyme in the NAD(nicotinamide adenine dinucleo⁃tide)salvaging synthesis pathway.The level of NAMPT and NAD decreases during ageing,which causes neurodegenerative diseases.How⁃ever,the study of neuron-and region-specific ge⁃netic disturbance of NAMPT on cognition impair⁃ment is still lacking.This study was to explore the consequences and mechanisms of hippo⁃campus CA1 neuron-specific knockout of NAMPT on mouse cognitive functions.METH⁃ODS Floxed three-month old Nampt(Namptflox/flox)mice were used,and injected rAAV-hSyn-Cre-APRE-pA into the hippocampus CA1 region to specifically knockout the nampt gene.The learn⁃ing and memory of mice was determined at one-month after the intracerebral injection of AAV.We used immunofluorescence and trans⁃mission electron microscopy to detect neuronal injury.Western blotting and ELISA were used to measure the change of protein level and small molecule level.RESULTS One month after the knockout of nampt gene,the level of NAD signifi⁃cantly decreased in mouse hippocampus.The hippocampus dependent cognition of mice was also significantly decreased when compared to the wild type mice.However,the locomotor ac⁃tivity and anxiety behavior remained un⁃changed.Though there was no neuronal loss,and the neuronal cell bodies remained morpholog⁃ically intact.The level of Tau and MAP2 signifi⁃cantly decreased and degenerative change was found by using transmission electron micro⁃scope,which indicating the injury of both den⁃drites and axons.Meanwhile,the neuronal injury increased the neuroinflammation indicated by the activation of astrocyte and microglia.CON⁃CLUSION The decline of NAMPT and NAD causes neurodegeneration and cognition impair⁃ment of mice.展开更多
We investigate the transition of a radiatively inefficient phase of a viscous two temperature accreting flow to a cooling dominated phase and vice versa around black holes. Based on a global sub-Keplerian accretion di...We investigate the transition of a radiatively inefficient phase of a viscous two temperature accreting flow to a cooling dominated phase and vice versa around black holes. Based on a global sub-Keplerian accretion disk model in steady state, including explicit cooling processes self-consistently, we show that general advective accretion flow passes through various phases during its infall towards a black hole. Bremsstrahlung, syn- chrotron and inverse Comptonization of soft photons are considered as possible cooling mechanisms. Hence the flow governs a much lower electron temperature ～10^8 - 10^9.5 K compared to the hot protons of temperature ～10^10.2 - 10^11.8 K in the range of the accretion rate in Eddington units 0.01≤M≤ 100. Therefore, the solutions may potentially explain the hard X-rays and the γ-rays emitted from AGNs and X-ray binaries. We finally compare the solutions for two different regimes of viscosity and conclude that a weakly viscous flow is expected to be cooling dominated compared to its highly viscous counterpart which is radiatively inefficient. The flow is successfully able to reproduce the observed luminosities of the under-fed AGNs and quasars （e.g. Sgr A＊）, ultra-luminous X-ray sources （e.g. SS433）, as well as the highly luminous AGNs and ultra-luminous quasars （e.g. PKS 0743-67） at different combinations of the mass accretion rate and ratio of specific heats.展开更多
Insomnia is a prominent problem.The current mainstream therapy for insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy.Traditional Chinese medicine has rich clinical experience in treating insomnia,but we have ignored the contri...Insomnia is a prominent problem.The current mainstream therapy for insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy.Traditional Chinese medicine has rich clinical experience in treating insomnia,but we have ignored the contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to behavioral therapy in the past.Completed in the Qing Dynasty in China,Laolao Hengyan is a comprehensive book on the management of the elderly's self-health.The book describes many ways to promote sleep health.This book inherits the traditional Chinese medical treatment concept and reflects traditional Chinese culture.By comparing this book with cognitive behavioral therapy,we find that the Chinese Qing Dynasty literature has documented some cognitive and behavioral aspects of sleep that are consistent with modern medical concepts.Moreover,this method is superior to modern medicine in some aspects,so this is worthy of our in-depth study to complement and enrich modern medical theory.展开更多
In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selec- tivity of...In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selec- tivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and or- thosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson＇s disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer＇s disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopa- mine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson＇s disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric mus- carinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071397)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Jiangsu Province(CX(15)1054)~~
文摘In order to identify the resistant gene of rice false smut in rice, a recombi- nant inbred line （RILs） population with 157 lines derived from an inter-subspecies cross of Daguandao/IR28 by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） conferring resistance to strain Pi-1 of rice false smut caused by Usti/aginoiclea virens （Cooke） Takahashi in 2012 and 2013. The disease rate indexes of the two parents and 157 RILs caused by the strain Pi-1 of rice false smut were scored and the QTLs for rice false smut resistance were detected accordingly by QTL Cartographer software. Seven QTLs controlling false smut re- sistance were detected on chromosomes 2, 7, 8, 11 and 12, respectively, with the phenotypic variance of 8.5%-17.2%. There were four QTLs detected in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and only one QTL was found in both two years, the phenotypic variation explained by this individual QTL was 13.5% and 17.2%, and the additive effects of this QTL contributed to the 9.9% and 14.3% decrease of disease index and therefore the disease resistance increased. The direction of the additive effects at five loci qFsr2a, qFsr8a, qFsr8b, qFsr11 and qFsr12 coincided with that predicted by phenotypes of the parents, and the IR28 alleles at these loci had positive effect against rice false smut while the negative effects were found in Daguandao alleles at qFsr2b and qFsr7. The qFsr11 should be useful in rice breeding for resistance to rice false smut in marker-assisted selection （MAS） program.
文摘The pharmacokinetics of a sustained- release formulation and an enteric- coated tablet of diclofenac sodium were studied on 8 healthy male volunteers in an open,randomized crossover study.Drug level in serum was assayed by HPLC method.The changes in serum concentration were conformed to a l-compartment open model.The t_1/2 (Ke)averaged 2.15±0.17 and ll.60 ± l.95 h,and the areas under the drug concentration curves were 5.87 ± 0.67 and 5.55 ± 0.57μgh/ml for enteric-coated and sustained-release tablet of diclofenac sodium,respectively. The mean relative bioavailability of sustained-release tablet was 0.95 to that of enteric-coated tablet.
文摘Background: To explore the hepatoprotective effect of Yigan mingmu oral liquid (YGMM) on isoniazid-rifampicin induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Total 38 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including control group, model group, silymarin positive control group, and three YGMM treatment groups. Model group was administered intragastrically with INH (100 mg/kg) and RIF (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Silymarin group and YGMM treatment groups were administered intragastrically with silymarin (100 mg/kg) and different doses of YGMM (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg) 2 hours before INH and RIF administration from day 4 to day 14.?Results: Rats were sacrificed 16 hours after the last day treatment to determine the activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as total bilirubin (TB) content. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological changes in liver tissues were observed under an optical microscope by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mice?in model groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels in AST, ALT, ALP, TB and MDA compared to their control groups;and showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased level in T-SOD. These changes were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed by the YGMM treatments in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic pathological changes were attenuated or even reversed by silymarin or YGMM treatments. Conclusions: YGMM has a good hepatoprotective activity on isoniazid-rifampicin induced liver injuries in rats.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.20072033)the NSF of Zhejiang Province for financial support.
文摘1-（β-Hydroxyalkyl）-l,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized via reductive addition reactions of 2-chloromethyl-l,3,4-oxadiazole with carbonyl compounds under mild conditions promoted by SmI2.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No.S2011010005828)
文摘Background Chordae reconstruction is one of the key points in repair of mitral valve prolapse, especially for anterior leaflets. Here we introduce our experiences of using echo-determined normal chordael length to make the loops preoperatively and rebuild the elongated/ruptured chordae intraoperatively. Materials and method From June 2011 to February 2012, 19 consecutive cases with mitral anterior leaflet prolapse underwent valve repair procedures. Echocardiography was used to determine the length of normal chordae that the prolapsed leaflets should have for normal coaptation. The artificial chordae was fabricated in loops according to echo-determined length. Results All patients survived the operations. 2.8 preoperatively prepared loops were used per patient to restore the anterior leaflets, as well as posterior leaflets. Artificial mitral valve rings were applied to 18 patients for mitral annuloplasty. 16 patients were underwent different concomitant operations. Echocardiographic results at discharge showed that grade of mitral regurgitation, left ventricular end-diastolic, end-systolic dimension de-creased definitely,respectively from 3.26 ± 1.10, 53.79 ± 15.03 mm, 33.00 ± 12.05 mm preoperatively to 0.47 ± 0.61 （P 〈 0.01）, 44.74±10.28 mm （P 〈 0.01）, 30.16 ± 10.58 mm （P 〈 0.05） postoperatively. All patients improved clinically and NYHA functional class Conclusion Reconstruction of prolapsed anterior decreased significantly from 2.17 ± 0.81 to 1.12 ± 0.33. leaflet chordae with artificial loops in preoperatively echo-de-termined length is safe and effective, and initial clinical outcome is satisfactory.
基金supported partially by the 973 Program under the Grant 2012CB316100
文摘Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambiguity(IBA) increases as the directional difference between beams becomes smaller.An adaptive antenna activation based beamforming scheme was proposed to mitigate IBA.In the district near the base station(BS),all antenna elements(AEs) were activated to generate two beams.As the distance from the train to the BS increased,only the minimum number of AEs satisfying the resolution criterion would be activated.At the cell edge,one beam was switched off due to intolerable IBA.The proposed scheme can achieve SE gain to the non-adaptive scheme and show more robustness against the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation error.
文摘The optical wireless communication (OWC) is afading channel because of the effect of atmosphericattenuation. We introduce a cumulant-based adaptive detection technique to providehigh performance for OWC. The received signalof OWC over strong turbulence channels is assumedto be a mixture of K-distributed fading andGaussian distributed thermal noise. In order tomitigate the fading induced by turbulence, thedecision threshold-updating algorithm based onsecond and higher order cumulants is proposed,which is able to operate in an unknown turbulenceenvironment. The performance of the adaptiveprocessing scheme has been evaluated by meansof Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that theproposed approach proves valuable for a limitednumber K of memory data.
基金National Key Program for Developing Basic Science,No.2010CB950902Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA05090303
文摘Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.
基金Research partially supported by the “1000 Talents Plan” from Jilin University,Jilin Province and Chinese Governmentby the Simons Foundation(244767)
文摘This article establishes the precise asymptotics Eu^m(t, x)(t → ∞ or m → ∞) for the stochastic heat equation ?u/?t(t, x) =1/2?u(t, x) + u(t, x)(t, x)?W/?t(t, x) with the time-derivative Gaussian noise W?/?t(t, x) that is fractional in time and homogeneous in space.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50807001)
文摘The electromagnetic concentrative coils are indispensable in the functional magnetic stimulation and have potential applications in nondestructive testing. In this paper, we propose a figure-8-shaped coil being composed of two arbitrary oblique elliptical coils, which can change the electromagnetic concentrative region and the magnitude of eddy current density by changing the elliptical shape and/or spread angle between two elliptical coils. Pulsed current is usually the excitation source in the functional magnetic stimulation, so in this paper we derive the analytical solutions of transient pulsed eddy current field in the time domain due to the elliptical concentrative coil placed in an arbitrary position over a half-infinite plane conductor by making use of the scale-transformation, the Laplace transform and the Fourier transform are used in our derivation. Calculation results of field distributions produced by the figure-8-shaped elliptical coil show some behaviours as follows： 1） the eddy currents are focused on the conductor under the geometric symmetric centre of figure-8-shaped coil; 2） the greater the scale factor of ellipse is, the higher the eddy current density is and the wider the concentrative area of eddy current along y axis is; 3） the maximum magnitude of eddy current density increases with the increase of spread angle. When spread angle is 180°, there are two additional reverse concentrative areas on both sides of x axis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61603242)Opening Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Economics Crime Investigation and Prevention Technology(JXJZXTCX-030)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Zhaoqing Univeristy(201734)Innovative Guidance Fund of Zhaoqing City(201704030409)
文摘One way to improve practicability of automatic program repair（APR） techniques is to build prediction models which can predict whether an application of a APR technique on a bug is effective or not. Existing prediction models have some limitations. First, the prediction models are built with hand crafted features which usually fail to capture the semantic characteristics of program repair task. Second, the performance of the prediction models is only evaluated on Genprog, a genetic-programming based APR technique. This paper develops prediction models, i.e., random forest prediction models for SPR, another kind of generate-and-validate APR technique, which can distinguish ineffective repair instances from effective repair instances. Rather than handcrafted features, we use features automatically learned by deep belief network（DBN） to train the prediction models. The empirical results show that compared to the baseline models, that is, all effective models, our proposed models can at least improve the F1 by 9% and AUC（area under the receiver operating characteristics curve） by 19%. At the same time, the prediction model using learned features at least outperforms the one using hand-crafted features in terms of F1 by 11%.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M570936)National Science Foundation Project of P.R.China(No.61501026,61272506)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-15032A1)
文摘In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative differential game theory based resource allocation approach for the network security risk assessment. For the risk assessment, the resource will be used for risk assess, including response cost and response negative cost. The whole assessment process is considered as a differential game for optimal resource control. The proposed scheme can be obtained through the Nash Equilibrium. It is proved that the game theory based algorithm is applicable and the optimal resource level can be achieved based on the proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272233)National Key Basic Research and Development Program(2012CB720101)2012 opening subjects of The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics(LNM),Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘An experimental measurement was performed us- ing time-resolved particle image velocimetry （TRPIV） to in- vestigate the spatial topological character of coherent struc- tures in wall-bounded turbulence of polymer additive solu- tion. The fully developed near-wall turbulent flow fields with and without polymer additives at the same Reynolds number were measured by TRPIV in a water channel. The compar- isons of turbulent statistics confirm that due to viscoelastic structure of long-chain polymers, the wall-normal velocity fluctuation and Reynolds shear stress in the near-wall region are suppressed significantly. Furthermore, it is noted that such a behavior of polymers is closely related to the decease of the motion of the second and forth quadrants, i.e., the ejection and sweep events, in the near-wall region. The spa- tial topological mode of coherent structures during bursts has been extracted by the new mu-level criteria based on locally averaged velocity structure function. Although the general shapes of coherent structures are unchanged by polymer additives, the fluctuating velocity, velocity gradient, velocity strain rate and vorticity of coherent structures during burst events are suppressed in the polymer additive solution com- pared with that in water. The results show that due to the polymer additives the occurrence and intensity of coherent structures are suppressed, leading to drag reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571131)the Technology Innovation Fund of the 10th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation(H17038.1)
文摘In tensor theory, the parallel factorization （PARAFAC）decomposition expresses a tensor as the sum of a set of rank-1tensors. By carrying out this numerical decomposition, mixedsources can be separated or unknown system parameters can beidentified, which is the so-called blind source separation or blindidentification. In this paper we propose a numerical PARAFACdecomposition algorithm. Compared to traditional algorithms, wespeed up the decomposition in several aspects, i.e., search di-rection by extrapolation, suboptimal step size by Gauss-Newtonapproximation, and linear search by n steps. The algorithm is ap-plied to polarization sensitive array parameter estimation to showits usefulness. Simulations verify the correctness and performanceof the proposed numerical techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund(No.81602848)
文摘Background Rupture of descending thoracic aorta is a rare but lethal disease. Compared with open surgery,thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)becomes a less invasive procedure in emergent management of patients with feasible anatomy. Nevertheless,mortality remains high as well as morbidity despite successful operation. The purpose of this study was to compare TEVAR with conservative therapy on the 30-day mortality of patients with ruptured descending thoracic aorta. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to our hospital with descending thoracic aortic rupture was performed. Patients presented with rupture of descending thoracic aorta with feasible anatomy for TEVAR between Jan 2014 and June 2019 were included. Patients were divided into operative and conservative group depending on which therapy they received. Patients received TEVAR were defined as the operative group,while those received conservative therapy were defined as conservative treatment group. Results There were twenty-six patients in total,including fifteen aortic dissections,nine were thoracic aneurysms,and two were traumatic injuries. Theie mean age was 60±13 years with only two female. Seven patients(27%)presented with shock and twenty-two(85%)was accompanied with hemothorax on admission. Nineteen patients(73%)accepted emergent TEVAR with 100% primary technical success,and the other seven received conservative treatment. In operative group,infection(89%)and respiratory failure(63%)occurred after TEVAR. The in-hospital mortality for operative and conservative treatment group was 26% and 57% respectively(P=0.18). Operative group had lower 30-day mortality(26% vs. 86%,P=0.021). Conclusions TEVAR is associated with improved early outcome in patients with ruptured descending thoracic aorta.[S Chin J Cardiol 2019;20(3):140-145]
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2006CB403705)Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period (Grant No.2008BAC40B01 and 2007BAC03A01)LASG Free Exploration Fund
文摘Dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its ac-companying shortwave radiative forcing (RF) are usually simulated by numerical models.Here,by using 9 months of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol product data in combination with Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Single Scanner Footprint (CERES/SSF) data,dust AOD and its shortwave RF were estimated over the cloud-free north-west (NW) Pacific Ocean in the springs of 2004,2005,and 2006.The results showed that in this region,the mean dust AOD and its shortwave RF were 0.10 and 5.51 W m 2,respectively.In order to validate the dust AOD de-rived by MODIS,results from the Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model were also used here.The correlation coefficient between the monthly averaged dust AOD derived by MODIS measurements and the model simulation results was approximately 0.53.Since the estimates of the dust AOD and its shortwave RF obtained in this study are based mainly on satellite data,they offer a good reference for numerical models.
文摘OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide phos⁃phoribosyltransferase(NAMPT)is the key en⁃zyme in the NAD(nicotinamide adenine dinucleo⁃tide)salvaging synthesis pathway.The level of NAMPT and NAD decreases during ageing,which causes neurodegenerative diseases.How⁃ever,the study of neuron-and region-specific ge⁃netic disturbance of NAMPT on cognition impair⁃ment is still lacking.This study was to explore the consequences and mechanisms of hippo⁃campus CA1 neuron-specific knockout of NAMPT on mouse cognitive functions.METH⁃ODS Floxed three-month old Nampt(Namptflox/flox)mice were used,and injected rAAV-hSyn-Cre-APRE-pA into the hippocampus CA1 region to specifically knockout the nampt gene.The learn⁃ing and memory of mice was determined at one-month after the intracerebral injection of AAV.We used immunofluorescence and trans⁃mission electron microscopy to detect neuronal injury.Western blotting and ELISA were used to measure the change of protein level and small molecule level.RESULTS One month after the knockout of nampt gene,the level of NAD signifi⁃cantly decreased in mouse hippocampus.The hippocampus dependent cognition of mice was also significantly decreased when compared to the wild type mice.However,the locomotor ac⁃tivity and anxiety behavior remained un⁃changed.Though there was no neuronal loss,and the neuronal cell bodies remained morpholog⁃ically intact.The level of Tau and MAP2 signifi⁃cantly decreased and degenerative change was found by using transmission electron micro⁃scope,which indicating the injury of both den⁃drites and axons.Meanwhile,the neuronal injury increased the neuroinflammation indicated by the activation of astrocyte and microglia.CON⁃CLUSION The decline of NAMPT and NAD causes neurodegeneration and cognition impair⁃ment of mice.
基金supported by a project,Grant No.SR/S2HEP12/2007,funded by DST,India
文摘We investigate the transition of a radiatively inefficient phase of a viscous two temperature accreting flow to a cooling dominated phase and vice versa around black holes. Based on a global sub-Keplerian accretion disk model in steady state, including explicit cooling processes self-consistently, we show that general advective accretion flow passes through various phases during its infall towards a black hole. Bremsstrahlung, syn- chrotron and inverse Comptonization of soft photons are considered as possible cooling mechanisms. Hence the flow governs a much lower electron temperature ～10^8 - 10^9.5 K compared to the hot protons of temperature ～10^10.2 - 10^11.8 K in the range of the accretion rate in Eddington units 0.01≤M≤ 100. Therefore, the solutions may potentially explain the hard X-rays and the γ-rays emitted from AGNs and X-ray binaries. We finally compare the solutions for two different regimes of viscosity and conclude that a weakly viscous flow is expected to be cooling dominated compared to its highly viscous counterpart which is radiatively inefficient. The flow is successfully able to reproduce the observed luminosities of the under-fed AGNs and quasars （e.g. Sgr A＊）, ultra-luminous X-ray sources （e.g. SS433）, as well as the highly luminous AGNs and ultra-luminous quasars （e.g. PKS 0743-67） at different combinations of the mass accretion rate and ratio of specific heats.
文摘Insomnia is a prominent problem.The current mainstream therapy for insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy.Traditional Chinese medicine has rich clinical experience in treating insomnia,but we have ignored the contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to behavioral therapy in the past.Completed in the Qing Dynasty in China,Laolao Hengyan is a comprehensive book on the management of the elderly's self-health.The book describes many ways to promote sleep health.This book inherits the traditional Chinese medical treatment concept and reflects traditional Chinese culture.By comparing this book with cognitive behavioral therapy,we find that the Chinese Qing Dynasty literature has documented some cognitive and behavioral aspects of sleep that are consistent with modern medical concepts.Moreover,this method is superior to modern medicine in some aspects,so this is worthy of our in-depth study to complement and enrich modern medical theory.
基金supported by SIP-IPN,CONACYT (CB-168116)FIS/IMSS (FIS/IMSS/PROT/G11-2/1013)
文摘In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selec- tivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and or- thosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson＇s disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer＇s disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopa- mine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson＇s disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric mus- carinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.
