The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,pred...The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,predicated on the assumption that the insertion/extraction of ions in the host materials is governed by diffusion.However,in practical scenarios,the electrochemical process might be dominated by interfacial reaction kinetics rather than diffusion.The present work derives analytical equations for electric current by considering the finite interfacial reaction kinetics and small overpotentials during PITT measurements and further studies the chemical stress field induced by the interfacial reaction-controlled ion insertion.The exchange current density(j_(0))can be ascertained using the analytical equation,which dictates the magnitude and decay rate of the electric current during a PITT process.The electric current decays more rapidly,and consequently,the lithium concentration reaches equilibrium faster for larger values of j_(0).The magnitude of the chemical stress is independent of j_(0) but depends on the overpotential.展开更多
BACKGROUND Effective pain management after radical gastrectomy is crucial for patient recovery.With the promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols,postoperative pain management has become a core component ...BACKGROUND Effective pain management after radical gastrectomy is crucial for patient recovery.With the promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols,postoperative pain management has become a core component of perioperative care.However,controversy remains regarding the optimal frequency of analgesic titration for pain control.AIM To compare the efficacy of 12-hour vs 24-hour titration regimens in postoperative pain management following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.METHODS This retrospective comparative study analyzed data from 120 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy between January 2021 and December 2022,with 52 patients receiving a 12-hour titration regimen and 68 patients receiving a 24-hour titration regimen.All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia containing sufentanil and tropisetron postoperatively with identical initial settings.RESULTS The 12-hour titration group demonstrated significantly lower pain scores at 12 hours postoperatively compared to the 24-hour group(3.2 vs 4.8,P<0.001);total analgesic consumption(morphine equivalents)was reduced by 28.6%(30 mg vs 42 mg,P<0.001);postoperative nausea and vomiting decreased by 50%(15%vs 30%,P=0.02);respiratory depression was less frequent(2%vs 8%,P=0.04);patient satisfaction was higher(85%vs 65%reporting“very satisfied”or“satisfied”,P<0.001);and hospital stay was shortened by 12.5%(4.2 days vs 4.8 days,P=0.02).Cox regression analysis showed that the 12-hour regimen was associated with a lower risk of prolonged high-intensity pain(hazard ratio=0.65,95%confidence interval:0.45-0.93,P=0.02),and multivariate regression analysis confirmed that the 12-hour regimen was an independent predictor of better overall recovery(β=-0.32,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Compared to the 24-hour titration regimen,the 12-hour titration regimen provided more effective control of early postoperative pain after radical gastrectomy,reduced total analgesic consumption,lowered the incidence of related adverse reactions,improved patient satisfaction,and shortened hospital stays.展开更多
The removal of trace plutonium(Pu)from uranium products and organic wastes during spent nuclear fuel reprocessing remains a critical challenge,resulting in excessive plutonium content in uranium products and waste org...The removal of trace plutonium(Pu)from uranium products and organic wastes during spent nuclear fuel reprocessing remains a critical challenge,resulting in excessive plutonium content in uranium products and waste organic liquid.Currently,most organic ligands with selective separation functions are lipophilic,while research on water-soluble,highly selective ligands is relatively scarce,and there are also few reports on the single crystal of these ligands coordinating with plutonium.Herein,a hydrophilic multiamide ligand,N,N,N′,N″,N″-hexaethyl-nitrilotriacetamide(NTAamideC2),was synthesized and evaluated for its Pu(Ⅳ)back-extraction efficiency under harsh conditions.Systematic experiments revealed that NTAamideC2 achieved>99%Pu(Ⅳ)back-extraction rate within 15 min across a wide nitric acid concentration range(0-5 M),even with elevated dibutyl phosphate(DBP≤20000 ppm).Remarkably,the separation factor(SFPu/U)reached 767 at 1.5 M HNO_(3),demonstrating exceptional selectivity over uranium(Ⅵ).Spectrophotometric titration and DFT calculations confirmed the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 Pu(Ⅳ)-NTAamideC2 complexes,with log β values of 7.42±0.01 and 13.23±0.02,respectively.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of{[Pu_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)(NTAamideC2)_(4)](H_(2)O)_(2)(NO_(3))(ClO_(4))_(7)}revealed a nine-coordinated PuO_(7)N_(2)geometry,where two NTAamideC2 molecules bind via six O and two N atoms.Compared to conventional agents(AHA/HSC),NTAamideC2 exhibited superior acid tolerance and selectivity,aligning with the CHON principle for sustainable nuclear waste management.This work provides a robust strategy for Pu(Ⅳ)removal in uranium purification cycles and advances fundamental insights into Pu coordination chemistry,offering significant potential for industrial nuclear fuel reprocessing.展开更多
A new method for the determination of aniline in environmental water based on oscillopolarographic titration was presented in this paper. Several factors including the kind, concentration, and volume of acid, the dosa...A new method for the determination of aniline in environmental water based on oscillopolarographic titration was presented in this paper. Several factors including the kind, concentration, and volume of acid, the dosage of potassium bromide, the temperature and concentration of concomitant substances were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that this method was simple, rapid, and sensitive. The linear range was 8.367 × 10(?4) to 2.789 × 10(?2) mol L(?1), the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was lower than 0.96%, and the spiked recoveries of aniline in environmental water samples were in the range of 99.4–106.9% under the optimal conditions. The results indicated that the present method could be used as an alternative method for aniline determination in realworld water samples.展开更多
Paraquat （PQ）, a nonselective herbicide, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. Thus, its determination through direct fluorescent methods is not feasible. The supramolecular inclusion interaction of PQ with cucur...Paraquat （PQ）, a nonselective herbicide, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. Thus, its determination through direct fluorescent methods is not feasible. The supramolecular inclusion interaction of PQ with cucurbit[7]uril was studied by a fluorescent probe titration method. Significant quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the cucurbit[7]uril-coptisine fluorescent probe was observed with the addition of PQ. A new fluorescent probe titration method with high selectivity and sensitivity at the ng/mL level was developed to determine PQ in aqueous solutions with good precision and accuracy based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of PQ in lake water, tap water, well water, and ditch water in an agricultural area, with recoveries of 96.73% to 105.77%. The fluorescence quenching values （AF） showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 1.0 × 10^-8 to 1.2× 10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 3.35 x 10-9 mol/L. In addition, the interaction models of the supramolecular complexes formed between the host and the vip were established using theoretical calculations. The interaction mechanism between the cucurbit[7]uril and PQ was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12374003)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030256)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20220531095208019 and GXWD20231129103124001).
文摘The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,predicated on the assumption that the insertion/extraction of ions in the host materials is governed by diffusion.However,in practical scenarios,the electrochemical process might be dominated by interfacial reaction kinetics rather than diffusion.The present work derives analytical equations for electric current by considering the finite interfacial reaction kinetics and small overpotentials during PITT measurements and further studies the chemical stress field induced by the interfacial reaction-controlled ion insertion.The exchange current density(j_(0))can be ascertained using the analytical equation,which dictates the magnitude and decay rate of the electric current during a PITT process.The electric current decays more rapidly,and consequently,the lithium concentration reaches equilibrium faster for larger values of j_(0).The magnitude of the chemical stress is independent of j_(0) but depends on the overpotential.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau,No.Y20220877.
文摘BACKGROUND Effective pain management after radical gastrectomy is crucial for patient recovery.With the promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols,postoperative pain management has become a core component of perioperative care.However,controversy remains regarding the optimal frequency of analgesic titration for pain control.AIM To compare the efficacy of 12-hour vs 24-hour titration regimens in postoperative pain management following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.METHODS This retrospective comparative study analyzed data from 120 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy between January 2021 and December 2022,with 52 patients receiving a 12-hour titration regimen and 68 patients receiving a 24-hour titration regimen.All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia containing sufentanil and tropisetron postoperatively with identical initial settings.RESULTS The 12-hour titration group demonstrated significantly lower pain scores at 12 hours postoperatively compared to the 24-hour group(3.2 vs 4.8,P<0.001);total analgesic consumption(morphine equivalents)was reduced by 28.6%(30 mg vs 42 mg,P<0.001);postoperative nausea and vomiting decreased by 50%(15%vs 30%,P=0.02);respiratory depression was less frequent(2%vs 8%,P=0.04);patient satisfaction was higher(85%vs 65%reporting“very satisfied”or“satisfied”,P<0.001);and hospital stay was shortened by 12.5%(4.2 days vs 4.8 days,P=0.02).Cox regression analysis showed that the 12-hour regimen was associated with a lower risk of prolonged high-intensity pain(hazard ratio=0.65,95%confidence interval:0.45-0.93,P=0.02),and multivariate regression analysis confirmed that the 12-hour regimen was an independent predictor of better overall recovery(β=-0.32,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Compared to the 24-hour titration regimen,the 12-hour titration regimen provided more effective control of early postoperative pain after radical gastrectomy,reduced total analgesic consumption,lowered the incidence of related adverse reactions,improved patient satisfaction,and shortened hospital stays.
基金supported by the China Institute of Atomic Energy。
文摘The removal of trace plutonium(Pu)from uranium products and organic wastes during spent nuclear fuel reprocessing remains a critical challenge,resulting in excessive plutonium content in uranium products and waste organic liquid.Currently,most organic ligands with selective separation functions are lipophilic,while research on water-soluble,highly selective ligands is relatively scarce,and there are also few reports on the single crystal of these ligands coordinating with plutonium.Herein,a hydrophilic multiamide ligand,N,N,N′,N″,N″-hexaethyl-nitrilotriacetamide(NTAamideC2),was synthesized and evaluated for its Pu(Ⅳ)back-extraction efficiency under harsh conditions.Systematic experiments revealed that NTAamideC2 achieved>99%Pu(Ⅳ)back-extraction rate within 15 min across a wide nitric acid concentration range(0-5 M),even with elevated dibutyl phosphate(DBP≤20000 ppm).Remarkably,the separation factor(SFPu/U)reached 767 at 1.5 M HNO_(3),demonstrating exceptional selectivity over uranium(Ⅵ).Spectrophotometric titration and DFT calculations confirmed the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 Pu(Ⅳ)-NTAamideC2 complexes,with log β values of 7.42±0.01 and 13.23±0.02,respectively.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of{[Pu_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)(NTAamideC2)_(4)](H_(2)O)_(2)(NO_(3))(ClO_(4))_(7)}revealed a nine-coordinated PuO_(7)N_(2)geometry,where two NTAamideC2 molecules bind via six O and two N atoms.Compared to conventional agents(AHA/HSC),NTAamideC2 exhibited superior acid tolerance and selectivity,aligning with the CHON principle for sustainable nuclear waste management.This work provides a robust strategy for Pu(Ⅳ)removal in uranium purification cycles and advances fundamental insights into Pu coordination chemistry,offering significant potential for industrial nuclear fuel reprocessing.
文摘A new method for the determination of aniline in environmental water based on oscillopolarographic titration was presented in this paper. Several factors including the kind, concentration, and volume of acid, the dosage of potassium bromide, the temperature and concentration of concomitant substances were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that this method was simple, rapid, and sensitive. The linear range was 8.367 × 10(?4) to 2.789 × 10(?2) mol L(?1), the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was lower than 0.96%, and the spiked recoveries of aniline in environmental water samples were in the range of 99.4–106.9% under the optimal conditions. The results indicated that the present method could be used as an alternative method for aniline determination in realworld water samples.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (No. 21171110)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20091404110001)
文摘Paraquat （PQ）, a nonselective herbicide, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. Thus, its determination through direct fluorescent methods is not feasible. The supramolecular inclusion interaction of PQ with cucurbit[7]uril was studied by a fluorescent probe titration method. Significant quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the cucurbit[7]uril-coptisine fluorescent probe was observed with the addition of PQ. A new fluorescent probe titration method with high selectivity and sensitivity at the ng/mL level was developed to determine PQ in aqueous solutions with good precision and accuracy based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of PQ in lake water, tap water, well water, and ditch water in an agricultural area, with recoveries of 96.73% to 105.77%. The fluorescence quenching values （AF） showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 1.0 × 10^-8 to 1.2× 10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 3.35 x 10-9 mol/L. In addition, the interaction models of the supramolecular complexes formed between the host and the vip were established using theoretical calculations. The interaction mechanism between the cucurbit[7]uril and PQ was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
