The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,pred...The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,predicated on the assumption that the insertion/extraction of ions in the host materials is governed by diffusion.However,in practical scenarios,the electrochemical process might be dominated by interfacial reaction kinetics rather than diffusion.The present work derives analytical equations for electric current by considering the finite interfacial reaction kinetics and small overpotentials during PITT measurements and further studies the chemical stress field induced by the interfacial reaction-controlled ion insertion.The exchange current density(j_(0))can be ascertained using the analytical equation,which dictates the magnitude and decay rate of the electric current during a PITT process.The electric current decays more rapidly,and consequently,the lithium concentration reaches equilibrium faster for larger values of j_(0).The magnitude of the chemical stress is independent of j_(0) but depends on the overpotential.展开更多
BACKGROUND Effective pain management after radical gastrectomy is crucial for patient recovery.With the promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols,postoperative pain management has become a core component ...BACKGROUND Effective pain management after radical gastrectomy is crucial for patient recovery.With the promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols,postoperative pain management has become a core component of perioperative care.However,controversy remains regarding the optimal frequency of analgesic titration for pain control.AIM To compare the efficacy of 12-hour vs 24-hour titration regimens in postoperative pain management following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.METHODS This retrospective comparative study analyzed data from 120 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy between January 2021 and December 2022,with 52 patients receiving a 12-hour titration regimen and 68 patients receiving a 24-hour titration regimen.All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia containing sufentanil and tropisetron postoperatively with identical initial settings.RESULTS The 12-hour titration group demonstrated significantly lower pain scores at 12 hours postoperatively compared to the 24-hour group(3.2 vs 4.8,P<0.001);total analgesic consumption(morphine equivalents)was reduced by 28.6%(30 mg vs 42 mg,P<0.001);postoperative nausea and vomiting decreased by 50%(15%vs 30%,P=0.02);respiratory depression was less frequent(2%vs 8%,P=0.04);patient satisfaction was higher(85%vs 65%reporting“very satisfied”or“satisfied”,P<0.001);and hospital stay was shortened by 12.5%(4.2 days vs 4.8 days,P=0.02).Cox regression analysis showed that the 12-hour regimen was associated with a lower risk of prolonged high-intensity pain(hazard ratio=0.65,95%confidence interval:0.45-0.93,P=0.02),and multivariate regression analysis confirmed that the 12-hour regimen was an independent predictor of better overall recovery(β=-0.32,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Compared to the 24-hour titration regimen,the 12-hour titration regimen provided more effective control of early postoperative pain after radical gastrectomy,reduced total analgesic consumption,lowered the incidence of related adverse reactions,improved patient satisfaction,and shortened hospital stays.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12374003)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030256)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20220531095208019 and GXWD20231129103124001).
文摘The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT)is widely used to determine the diffusion coefficient of ions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries,predicated on the assumption that the insertion/extraction of ions in the host materials is governed by diffusion.However,in practical scenarios,the electrochemical process might be dominated by interfacial reaction kinetics rather than diffusion.The present work derives analytical equations for electric current by considering the finite interfacial reaction kinetics and small overpotentials during PITT measurements and further studies the chemical stress field induced by the interfacial reaction-controlled ion insertion.The exchange current density(j_(0))can be ascertained using the analytical equation,which dictates the magnitude and decay rate of the electric current during a PITT process.The electric current decays more rapidly,and consequently,the lithium concentration reaches equilibrium faster for larger values of j_(0).The magnitude of the chemical stress is independent of j_(0) but depends on the overpotential.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau,No.Y20220877.
文摘BACKGROUND Effective pain management after radical gastrectomy is crucial for patient recovery.With the promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols,postoperative pain management has become a core component of perioperative care.However,controversy remains regarding the optimal frequency of analgesic titration for pain control.AIM To compare the efficacy of 12-hour vs 24-hour titration regimens in postoperative pain management following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.METHODS This retrospective comparative study analyzed data from 120 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy between January 2021 and December 2022,with 52 patients receiving a 12-hour titration regimen and 68 patients receiving a 24-hour titration regimen.All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia containing sufentanil and tropisetron postoperatively with identical initial settings.RESULTS The 12-hour titration group demonstrated significantly lower pain scores at 12 hours postoperatively compared to the 24-hour group(3.2 vs 4.8,P<0.001);total analgesic consumption(morphine equivalents)was reduced by 28.6%(30 mg vs 42 mg,P<0.001);postoperative nausea and vomiting decreased by 50%(15%vs 30%,P=0.02);respiratory depression was less frequent(2%vs 8%,P=0.04);patient satisfaction was higher(85%vs 65%reporting“very satisfied”or“satisfied”,P<0.001);and hospital stay was shortened by 12.5%(4.2 days vs 4.8 days,P=0.02).Cox regression analysis showed that the 12-hour regimen was associated with a lower risk of prolonged high-intensity pain(hazard ratio=0.65,95%confidence interval:0.45-0.93,P=0.02),and multivariate regression analysis confirmed that the 12-hour regimen was an independent predictor of better overall recovery(β=-0.32,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Compared to the 24-hour titration regimen,the 12-hour titration regimen provided more effective control of early postoperative pain after radical gastrectomy,reduced total analgesic consumption,lowered the incidence of related adverse reactions,improved patient satisfaction,and shortened hospital stays.
