Against the backdrop of increasingly prominent global energy shortages and environmental issues,the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies has become crucial.Zero-dimensional(0D)metal oxid...Against the backdrop of increasingly prominent global energy shortages and environmental issues,the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies has become crucial.Zero-dimensional(0D)metal oxide composites exhibit significant application value in the field of energy chemistry due to their unique properties,such as quantum size effect and high specific surface area.From a broad perspective,this paper reviews the main synthesis methods of these composites,including sol-gel method,hydrothermal/solvothermal method,precipitation method,and template method,while analyzing the characteristics of each method.It further discusses their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production,fuel cells,lithium-ion batteries,and supercapacitors.Additionally,the current challenges,such as material dispersibility and interface bonding,are pointed out,and future development directions are prospected,aiming to provide references for related research.展开更多
Recently,high-entropy materials are attracting enormous attention in battery applications,encompassing both electrode materials and solid electrolytes,due to the pliability and diversification in material composition ...Recently,high-entropy materials are attracting enormous attention in battery applications,encompassing both electrode materials and solid electrolytes,due to the pliability and diversification in material composition and electronic structure.Theoretically,the rapid ion transport and the abundance of surface defects in high-entropy materials suggest a potential for enhancing the performance of composite solid-state electrolytes(CPEs).Herein,using a high-entropy oxide(HEO)filler to assess its potential contributions to CPEs is proposed.The distinctive structural distortions in HEO significantly improve the ionic conductivity(5×10^(−4) S·cm^(−1) at 60℃)and Li-ion transference number(0.57)of CPEs.Furthermore,the enhanced Li-ion transport capability extends the critical current density from 0.6 to 1.5 mA·cm^(−2) in Li/Li symmetric cells.In addition,all-solid-state batteries incorporating the HEO-modified CPEs exhibit superior rate performance and cycling stability.The work will enrich the application of HEOs in CPEs and provide fundamental understanding.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries have garnered significant attention as a cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and affordability of sodium precursors.However,the lack of suitable electrode mate...Sodium-ion batteries have garnered significant attention as a cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and affordability of sodium precursors.However,the lack of suitable electrode materials with both high capacity and excellent stability continues to hinder their practical viability.Herein,we couple lattice strain and sulfur deficiency effects in a tin monosulfide/reduced graphene oxide composite to enhance sodium storage performance.Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the synergistic effects of lattice strain and sulfur vacancies in tin monosulfide promote rapid(de)intercalation near the surface/edge of the material,thereby enhancing its pseudocapacitive sodium storage properties.Consequently,the strained and defective tin monosulfide/reduced graphene oxide composite demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 511.82 mAh g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) and an outstanding rate capability of 450.60 mAh g^(-1) at 3 A g^(-1).This study offers an effective strategy for improving sodium storage performance through lattice strain and defect engineering.展开更多
Advancements in sensor technology have significantly enhanced atmospheric monitoring.Notably,metal oxide and carbon(MO_(x)/C)hybrids have gained attention for their exceptional sensitivity and room-temperature sensing...Advancements in sensor technology have significantly enhanced atmospheric monitoring.Notably,metal oxide and carbon(MO_(x)/C)hybrids have gained attention for their exceptional sensitivity and room-temperature sensing performance.However,previous methods of synthesizing MO_(x)/C composites suffer from problems,including inhomogeneity,aggregation,and challenges in micropatterning.Herein,we introduce a refined method that employs a metal–organic framework(MOF)as a precursor combined with direct laser writing.The inherent structure of MOFs ensures a uniform distribution of metal ions and organic linkers,yielding homogeneous MO_(x)/C structures.The laser processing facilitates precise micropatterning(<2μm,comparable to typical photolithography)of the MO_(x)/C crystals.The optimized MOF-derived MO_(x)/C sensor rapidly detected ethanol gas even at room temperature(105 and 18 s for response and recovery,respectively),with a broad range of sensing performance from 170 to 3,400 ppm and a high response value of up to 3,500%.Additionally,this sensor exhibited enhanced stability and thermal resilience compared to previous MOF-based counterparts.This research opens up promising avenues for practical applications in MOF-derived sensing devices.展开更多
The research of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid composite electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial stability is the key to the development of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLI...The research of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid composite electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial stability is the key to the development of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLIBs). Herein, uniform nanorod structured CeO_(2) fillers were controllably synthesized by electrospinning, which were subsequently filled into PEO polymer to prepare CeO_(2)/PEO solid composite electrolyte. The addition of CeO_(2) nanorods can reduce both the glass transition temperature and the melting point of PEO polymer, and also interact with PEO and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide(LITFSI) by Lewis acid—base reaction. Therefore, the solid composite electrolyte exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 4.52 × 10^(-4)S/cm, a wide electrochemical stability window of about 4.8 V, and a good interfacial stability with Li at 55℃. Moreover, the LiFePO_4/Li ASSLIB divulges the discharging specific capacity of 165, 162, 156 and 146 mA,h/g at 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 C, respectively, and achieves the capacity retention of 90.3% after 150 cycles at 0.5 C. Consequently, one dimensional CeO_(2) nanorods can be considered as an alternative filler for polymeric solid electrolyte.展开更多
Magnesium matrix composites with both high strength and ductility have been achieved by introducing pure Ti particles.However,the properties of the surfaces of the composites need to be improved by surface technology,...Magnesium matrix composites with both high strength and ductility have been achieved by introducing pure Ti particles.However,the properties of the surfaces of the composites need to be improved by surface technology,such as micro-arc oxidation(MAO).In this study,we investigated the influence of the Ti-reinforcement phase on coating growth and evolution by subjecting both AZ91 alloy and AZ91/Ti composite to MAO treatment using silicate-based and phosphate-based electrolytes.Results revealed that the Ti-reinforcement phase influenced the MAO process,altering discharge behavior,and leading to a decreased cell voltage.The vigorous discharge of the Ti-reinforcement phase induced the formation of coating discharge channels,concurrently dissolving and oxidizing Ti-reinforcement to produce a composite ceramic coating with TiO2.The MAO coating on the AZ91/Ti composite exhibited a dark blue macromorphology and distinctive local micromorphological anomalies.In silicate electrolyte,a“volcano-like”localized morphology centered on the discharge channel emerged.In contrast,treatment in phosphate-based electrolyte resulted in a coating morphology similar to typical porous ceramic coatings,with visible radial discharge micropores at the reinforcement phase location.Compared to the AZ91 alloy,the coating on the AZ91/Ti composite exhibited lower thickness and higher porosity.MAO treatment reduced the self-corrosion current density of the AZ91/Ti surface by two orders of magnitude.The silicate coating demonstrated better corrosion resistance than the phosphate coating,attributed to its lower porosity.The formation mechanism of MAO coatings on AZ91/Ti composites in phosphate-based and silicate-based electrolytes was proposed.展开更多
In pursuit of more efficient and stable electrochemical energy storage materials,composite materials consisting of metal oxides and graphene oxide have garnered significant attention due to their unique structures and...In pursuit of more efficient and stable electrochemical energy storage materials,composite materials consisting of metal oxides and graphene oxide have garnered significant attention due to their unique structures and exceptional properties.Graphene oxide(GO),a two-dimensional material with an extremely high specific surface area and excellent conductivity,offers new possibilities for enhancing the electrochemical performance of metal oxides.In this work,we synthesized met-al-organic framework(MOF)and GO composites by regulating the amount of GO,and successfully prepared composites of metal oxides supported by nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks and GO through a simple one-step calcination process.Based on the electrochemical tests,the optimal amount of GO was determined.This research will provide new insights into and directions for designing and synthesizing metal oxide and graphene oxide composite materials with an ideal electro-chemical performance.展开更多
The oxidation behavior of Ti55 alloy and TiBw/Ti55 composites at temperatures ranging from 960 to 1000℃ was investigated by characterizing the surface and cross-section microstructure of specimens.Results showed that...The oxidation behavior of Ti55 alloy and TiBw/Ti55 composites at temperatures ranging from 960 to 1000℃ was investigated by characterizing the surface and cross-section microstructure of specimens.Results showed that TiBw reinforcement accelerated the occurrence of Ti_(6O)/Ti_(3O) by dissolving oxygen in titanium in the starting oxidation stage,and the Ti_(6O)/Ti_(3O) transformed into TiO_(2) with the progression of oxidation.Meanwhile,TiBw reinforcement promoted the formation of(101)crystal planes to be beneficial to the growth of TiO_(2) twins.The cross-sectional characterization showed that the oxide layer of Ti55 alloy and TiBw/Ti55 composites from outside to inside was TiO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),Ti-Sn compounds,Ti_(6O)/Ti_(3O) in sequence,which was confirmed by calculating the standard Gibbs free energy of the oxide nucleation.The TiBw reinforcement accelerated the occurrence of suboxides Ti_(6O)/Ti_(3O) by dissolving oxygen in titanium,and promoted the formation of(101)crystal planes which were beneficial to the growth of TiO_(2) twins.The optimal addition of TiBw induced the TiO_(2) twins,promoted the random orientation of oxides and refined the oxide size of the TiBw/Ti55 composites with 3.5%volume fractions of TiBw,resulting in the best resistance against oxidation.展开更多
In this work,a series of Ce-Ti composite oxides with different Ti/Ce molar ratios was prepared by coprecipitation method,and investigated for the catalytic degradation of toluene and selective catalytic reduction of N...In this work,a series of Ce-Ti composite oxides with different Ti/Ce molar ratios was prepared by coprecipitation method,and investigated for the catalytic degradation of toluene and selective catalytic reduction of NO.The phase transition process between Ce species and Ti species is limited by modulating the interaction between Ce4+and Ti4+,while a completely amorphous composite is generated with an appropriate molar ratio of Ti/Ce(1.5/1).The catalyst CeTi1.5Oxexhibits the best catalytic performance,where the values of T90and T50for deep degradation of toluene are 297 and 330℃respectively at high weight hours space velocity(WHSV=120000 mL/(g·h)).Compared with CeO_(2),T90and T50decrease by48 and 34℃respectively while declining by 67 and 70℃compared to TiO_(2).For the SCR reaction,CeTi1.5Oxreaches 100%NO conversion at 250℃with WHSV=60000 mL/(g·h),reduced by 50℃compared to pure CeO_(2).The amorphous nanostructure with highly dispersed Ce and Ti species was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)characterizations.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Raman analyses show that a large number of active Ce-O-Ti species and surface oxygen vacancies are generated due to the strong interaction between Ti^(4+)and Ce^(4+)in CeTi_(1.5)O_(x).Additionally,H_(2)-TPR and O_(2)-TPD further confirm that the interaction promotes the low-temperature reducibility and mobility of surface-active oxygen species.Meanwhile,in-situ DRIFTS study reveals that CeTi1.5Oxwith amorphous nanostructure can dramatically enhance the dissociative and complete oxidation capacity for toluene.展开更多
Electrocatalysts are an effective strategy to mitigate the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and accelerate the redox kinetics of LiPSs in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.However,traditional electrocatalyst...Electrocatalysts are an effective strategy to mitigate the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and accelerate the redox kinetics of LiPSs in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.However,traditional electrocatalysts only have a single active site and often undergo structural collapse and aggregation during charging and discharging,resulting in reduced catalytic performance.Herein,the two-dimensional(2D)polar high-entropy La_(0.71)Sr_(0.29)Co_(0.21)Ni_(0.20)Fe_(0.19)Cr_(0.20)Cu_(0.20)O_(3)(LCO-HEO)nanosheets were rationally designed and successfully synthesized to address this issue.The distinct functional polar sites in LCOHEOs were formed by the d-d orbital hybridization between spatially coupling adjacent transition metals,which can strengthen the dipole-dipole interaction between polar LCO-HEOs and polar LiPSs.2D polar LCO-HEO nanosheets can efficiently capture and trigger the tandem catalysis of polar LiPSs during their sequential conversion.The S/LCO-HEO composite cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 1161.1 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 C,with an ultralow capacity attenuation rate of 0.036%per cycle over 1200 cycles,and achieves stable cycling for 1500 cycles even at 8.0 C.Furthermore,even with a high sulfur loading(5.5 mg cm^(-2))and a low electrolyte/sulfur(E/S)ratio(4.0μL mg^(-1)),the S/LCO-HEO composite cathode shows desirable sulfur utilization and good cycle stability.This work demonstrates the feasibility of high entropy-driven multiple distinct functional polar sites for high-rate and long-cycle Li-S batteries.展开更多
The isothermal oxidation kinetics of vanadium–titanium magnetite(VTM)pellets prepared with 3Co-binder(coal-based colloidal composite binder)and F-binder(pulverized Funa binder)are compared.The oxidation process was a...The isothermal oxidation kinetics of vanadium–titanium magnetite(VTM)pellets prepared with 3Co-binder(coal-based colloidal composite binder)and F-binder(pulverized Funa binder)are compared.The oxidation process was analyzed using the first-order irreversible reaction,following the shrinking unreacted nucleus model.The results demonstrate that VTM pellets prepared with 3Co-binder exhibit a faster oxidation rate than those with F-binder across the temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1473 K.In both cases,the oxidation process was controlled by an interfacial chemical reaction during the pre-oxidation stage and by internal diffusion during the mid-oxidation stage.The type of binder did not influence the primary oxidation control mechanism of the VTM pellets.However,the apparent rate constants in the pre-oxidation stage and the internal diffusion coefficients in the mid-oxidation stage were higher for pellets with 3Co-binder compared to those with F-binder.The apparent activation energies for the 3Co-binder pellets were similar to those of bentonite,indicating favorable kinetic conditions without negative impacts on the oxidation process.Nonetheless,it is important to note that pellets with F-binder required a longer oxidation time than those with 3Co-binder.展开更多
The surface of MoSi2-SiB6/phenolic resin matrix composites was modified by mica,and the thermal oxidation behavior of the composites and the mechanical properties of the pyrolysis products were studied.The results sho...The surface of MoSi2-SiB6/phenolic resin matrix composites was modified by mica,and the thermal oxidation behavior of the composites and the mechanical properties of the pyrolysis products were studied.The results showed that the mica improved the thermal properties of the composites,the thermal expansion coefficient decreased,and the liquid phase formation caused the composites to shrink and increase the density.The flexural strength of mica surface modified composites not only increased to 78.64MPa after thermal treatment at 800-1200℃,but reached 83.02 MPa after high temperature treatment at1400℃.The improvement of the mechanical properties of the residual product benefits from the formation of high temperature ceramic phases such as Mo_(2)C and MoB,and the improvement of the shear strength of the composites by the mica.The shear strength of MBm5-2 at room temperature reached 33.08 MPa,indicating that the improvement of the interlayer properties of the composites further improved its mechanical properties.展开更多
In order to simultaneously improve the oxidation resistance and the electrical conductivity of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)interconnectors,a composite coating of Co–W/NiO was fabricated on ferritic stainless steel by ...In order to simultaneously improve the oxidation resistance and the electrical conductivity of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)interconnectors,a composite coating of Co–W/NiO was fabricated on ferritic stainless steel by composite deposition and pre-oxidation.Based on phase identification and microstructural analysis,the novel coating was confirmed to effectively suppress Cr diffusion to form a compact Cr-rich layer.Thus,the oxidation rate has been reduced to 9.46×10−15 g^(2)cm^(−4)s^(−1),which showed a imporvement of 56.4%in oxidation resistance.The area specific resistance value of Co–W/NiO coated steel was evaluated as 27.6 mΩcm^(2),much lower than that of Co–W coating as 53.38 mΩcm^(2),which is adequate for SOFC application.Furthermore,the mechanism of the improvement has been investigated that the addition of NiO led to the formation of Ni–Co spinels and Ni–W composites,which affected the surface microstructure of the coating.Thus,the composite Co–W/NiO coated ferritic stainless steel exhibited the optimal combination for oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity.展开更多
A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic ox...A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic oxidation to enhance its corrosion resistance and self-healing properties.The morphology,chemical composition,structure,and functional properties of the composite coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),polarization curve,alternating current impedance,and salt immersion test.The experimental results showed that,after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution for 12 h,the coating could effectively protect AZ91D from corrosion.When the coating was damaged,the exposed alloy surface would release metal ions in the corrosive environment and react with the corrosion inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline to form a Mg(8-HQ)_(2) chelate,exhibiting significant self-healing behavior.The study results demonstrate the broad application prospects of microcapsule technology in the coating field,providing new ideas for the development of efficient anti-corrosion coatings.展开更多
NO catalytic oxidation is the key performance of the diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC).We present a facile deposition method for the core-shell rare-earth manganese-zirconium composite oxide that shows the Mn mullite pha...NO catalytic oxidation is the key performance of the diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC).We present a facile deposition method for the core-shell rare-earth manganese-zirconium composite oxide that shows the Mn mullite phase uniform loading on the surface of zirconium-based composite(YMO/CYZO),which demonstrates a superior NO oxidation catalytic performance in simulated diesel combustion conditions and better thermal stability than mullite phase YMn_(2)O_(5)oxide.The NO oxidation at 250℃over YMO/CYZO-a approaches 25.2%in contrast to 13.52%over YMn_(2)O_(5)-a.Then the catalytic performance of YMO/CYZO,YMO and commercial 1 wt%Pt/Al_(2)O_(3)in a NO+O_(2)atmosphere was compared.The maximum conversion rate of YMO/CYZO to NO oxidation is 89.6%at 274℃with a GHSV of 50000 h^(-1),and the performance is superior to that of YMO(82.8%at 293℃)and 1 wt%Pt/Al_(2)O_(3)(68.6%,335℃).The NO-temperature programmed desorption(NO-TPD)and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)results reveal that YMO/CYZO has multiple NO adsorption sites and high storage capacity.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculation indicates that YMO/CYZO has lower oxygen vacancy formation energies(E_(v)=0.93 eV)and favorable NO adsorption energies(E_(ads)=2.1 eV).Moreover,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization shows that the core-shell structure of YMO/CYZO has the potential to transmit active oxygen species to help realize Mn3+to Mn4+during the reaction process to enhance the conversion of NO*molecules,while NO oxidation reactions follow the MvK mechanism.展开更多
Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were prepared on Al−Mg laminated macro composites(LMCs)using both unipolar and bipolar waveforms in an appropriate electrolyte for both aluminum and magnesium alloys.The tech...Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were prepared on Al−Mg laminated macro composites(LMCs)using both unipolar and bipolar waveforms in an appropriate electrolyte for both aluminum and magnesium alloys.The techniques of FESEM/EDS,grazing incident beam X-ray diffraction(GIXRD),and electrochemical methods of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)were used to characterize the coatings.The results revealed that the coatings produced using the bipolar waveform exhibited lower porosity and higher thickness than those produced using the unipolar one.The corrosion performance of the specimens’cut edge was investigated using EIS after 1,8,and 12 h of immersion in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.It was observed that the coating produced using the bipolar waveform demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance after 12 h of immersion,with an estimated corrosion resistance of 5.64 kΩ·cm^(2),which was approximately 3 times higher than that of the unipolar coating.Notably,no signs of galvanic corrosion were observed in the LMCs,and only minor corrosion attacks were observed on the magnesium layer in some areas.展开更多
Series Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides with different Sb/Mn molar ratios were obtained by solid state reaction.Their structure,morphology and Li^＋ extraction/adsorption properties were characterized by X-ray diffractometry...Series Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides with different Sb/Mn molar ratios were obtained by solid state reaction.Their structure,morphology and Li^＋ extraction/adsorption properties were characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）,scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and atomic absorption spectrophotometry （AAS）,respectively.XRD and SEM analyses reveal that the crystal of the products transfers from spinel to orthorhombic phase with the increase of molar ratio of Sb to Mn from 0.05 to 1.00.The Li^＋ extraction and adsorption experiments for these Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides demonstrate that the composite oxides can all be used as lithium inorganic adsorbents.The acid treated spinel Li-Sb-Mn composite oxide with Sb/Mn molar ratio of 0.05 has a high Li^＋ adsorption capacity of 33.23mg/g in lithium solution.The Sb/Mn molar ratio of these Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides should be a crucial factor in determining their structure and Li^＋ extraction and adsorption properties.展开更多
The composite oxides xAg/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07）（x=Ag/（Co＋Ce） molar ratio）,intended for use as high performance catalytic materials,were successfully prepared via citric acid complexation.The effects of silver on ...The composite oxides xAg/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07）（x=Ag/（Co＋Ce） molar ratio）,intended for use as high performance catalytic materials,were successfully prepared via citric acid complexation.The effects of silver on the performance of these substances during soot combustion were subsequently investigated.Under O_2,the 0.3Ag/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07） catalyst resulted in the lowest ignition temperature,T_（10）,of197 ℃,while the minimum light-off temperature was obtained from both 0.2Ag/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07） and0.3Ag/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07） in the NO_x atmosphere.These materials were also characterized by various techniques,including H_2,soot and NO_x temperature programmed reduction,X-ray diffraction,and electron paramagnetic resonance,Raman,X-ray photoelectron,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses.The results demonstrated that silver significantly alters the catalytic behavior under both O_2 and NO_x,even though the lattice structure of the mixed oxide is not affected.Surface silver oxides generated under the O_2 atmosphere favor soot combustion by participating in the redox cycles between soot and the silver oxide,whereas the AgNO_3 that forms in a NO_x-rich atmosphere facilitates soot abatement at a lower temperature.The inferior activity of AgNO_3 relative to that of Ag_2O results in the different catalytic performance in the presence of NO_x or O_2.展开更多
In order to improve the absorbing properties of M- type barium ferrite absorbing materials, M-type barium ferrite/graphene oxide composites with different graphene oxide contents were synthesized by the sol-gel autoco...In order to improve the absorbing properties of M- type barium ferrite absorbing materials, M-type barium ferrite/graphene oxide composites with different graphene oxide contents were synthesized by the sol-gel autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, a scanning electronic microscopy （ SEM ）, a physical properties measurement system （PPMS-9）, and a vector network analyzer were used to analyze their structure, surface morphology, magnetic and absorbing properties, respectively. The results show that the absorbing band of the composite absorbing material is widened and the absorbing strength is increased compared with the pure M-type barium ferrite. The sample with the content of doped graphene oxide of 3% has the minimum reflectivity at 10 to 18 GHz frequencies. Hence, the doped graphene oxide effectively improves the absorbing properties of M-type barium ferrite.展开更多
The microstructure and phase composition of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories containing 30%and 60%(by mass)Cr_(2)O_(3) after exposure to aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts depending on the...The microstructure and phase composition of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories containing 30%and 60%(by mass)Cr_(2)O_(3) after exposure to aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts depending on the type of melts and temperature have been studied.The mechanisms of refractory corrosion by the used melts and the factors contributing to the inhibition of corrosion development have been investigated by the method of petrographic analysis.On the basis of obtained results,the use of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories in the sections of glass furnace linings,experiencing the intensive impact of aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts,has been confirmed and scientifically substantiated.展开更多
文摘Against the backdrop of increasingly prominent global energy shortages and environmental issues,the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies has become crucial.Zero-dimensional(0D)metal oxide composites exhibit significant application value in the field of energy chemistry due to their unique properties,such as quantum size effect and high specific surface area.From a broad perspective,this paper reviews the main synthesis methods of these composites,including sol-gel method,hydrothermal/solvothermal method,precipitation method,and template method,while analyzing the characteristics of each method.It further discusses their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production,fuel cells,lithium-ion batteries,and supercapacitors.Additionally,the current challenges,such as material dispersibility and interface bonding,are pointed out,and future development directions are prospected,aiming to provide references for related research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002094)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20210324121411031,JSGG202108021253804014 and RCBS20210706092218040)Shenzhen Steady Support Plan(Nos.GXWD20221030205923001 and GXWD20201230155427003-20200824103000001).
文摘Recently,high-entropy materials are attracting enormous attention in battery applications,encompassing both electrode materials and solid electrolytes,due to the pliability and diversification in material composition and electronic structure.Theoretically,the rapid ion transport and the abundance of surface defects in high-entropy materials suggest a potential for enhancing the performance of composite solid-state electrolytes(CPEs).Herein,using a high-entropy oxide(HEO)filler to assess its potential contributions to CPEs is proposed.The distinctive structural distortions in HEO significantly improve the ionic conductivity(5×10^(−4) S·cm^(−1) at 60℃)and Li-ion transference number(0.57)of CPEs.Furthermore,the enhanced Li-ion transport capability extends the critical current density from 0.6 to 1.5 mA·cm^(−2) in Li/Li symmetric cells.In addition,all-solid-state batteries incorporating the HEO-modified CPEs exhibit superior rate performance and cycling stability.The work will enrich the application of HEOs in CPEs and provide fundamental understanding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.22109023,no.22179022,and no.22209027)the Youth Innovation Fund of Fujian Province(no.2021J05043 and no.2022J05046)+5 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3906300)the FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Collaborative Innovation Platform(no.2022-P-027)the·“Hundred Talents·Plan”of Fujian Provincethe“Top Young Talents of Young Eagle”Program of Fujian Provincethe Award Program for Fujian Minjiang Scholar Professorshipthe Talent Fund Program of Fujian Normal University.
文摘Sodium-ion batteries have garnered significant attention as a cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and affordability of sodium precursors.However,the lack of suitable electrode materials with both high capacity and excellent stability continues to hinder their practical viability.Herein,we couple lattice strain and sulfur deficiency effects in a tin monosulfide/reduced graphene oxide composite to enhance sodium storage performance.Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the synergistic effects of lattice strain and sulfur vacancies in tin monosulfide promote rapid(de)intercalation near the surface/edge of the material,thereby enhancing its pseudocapacitive sodium storage properties.Consequently,the strained and defective tin monosulfide/reduced graphene oxide composite demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 511.82 mAh g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) and an outstanding rate capability of 450.60 mAh g^(-1) at 3 A g^(-1).This study offers an effective strategy for improving sodium storage performance through lattice strain and defect engineering.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(RS-2023-00251283,and 2022M3D1A2083618)by the Ministry of Education(2020R1A6A1A03040516).
文摘Advancements in sensor technology have significantly enhanced atmospheric monitoring.Notably,metal oxide and carbon(MO_(x)/C)hybrids have gained attention for their exceptional sensitivity and room-temperature sensing performance.However,previous methods of synthesizing MO_(x)/C composites suffer from problems,including inhomogeneity,aggregation,and challenges in micropatterning.Herein,we introduce a refined method that employs a metal–organic framework(MOF)as a precursor combined with direct laser writing.The inherent structure of MOFs ensures a uniform distribution of metal ions and organic linkers,yielding homogeneous MO_(x)/C structures.The laser processing facilitates precise micropatterning(<2μm,comparable to typical photolithography)of the MO_(x)/C crystals.The optimized MOF-derived MO_(x)/C sensor rapidly detected ethanol gas even at room temperature(105 and 18 s for response and recovery,respectively),with a broad range of sensing performance from 170 to 3,400 ppm and a high response value of up to 3,500%.Additionally,this sensor exhibited enhanced stability and thermal resilience compared to previous MOF-based counterparts.This research opens up promising avenues for practical applications in MOF-derived sensing devices.
基金Project supported by the Education Department of Henan Province(22A170017)the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(232102240011)+1 种基金Henan Institute of Science and Technology(2016034)National College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202211071012)。
文摘The research of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid composite electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial stability is the key to the development of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLIBs). Herein, uniform nanorod structured CeO_(2) fillers were controllably synthesized by electrospinning, which were subsequently filled into PEO polymer to prepare CeO_(2)/PEO solid composite electrolyte. The addition of CeO_(2) nanorods can reduce both the glass transition temperature and the melting point of PEO polymer, and also interact with PEO and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide(LITFSI) by Lewis acid—base reaction. Therefore, the solid composite electrolyte exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 4.52 × 10^(-4)S/cm, a wide electrochemical stability window of about 4.8 V, and a good interfacial stability with Li at 55℃. Moreover, the LiFePO_4/Li ASSLIB divulges the discharging specific capacity of 165, 162, 156 and 146 mA,h/g at 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 C, respectively, and achieves the capacity retention of 90.3% after 150 cycles at 0.5 C. Consequently, one dimensional CeO_(2) nanorods can be considered as an alternative filler for polymeric solid electrolyte.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2020B0301030006).
文摘Magnesium matrix composites with both high strength and ductility have been achieved by introducing pure Ti particles.However,the properties of the surfaces of the composites need to be improved by surface technology,such as micro-arc oxidation(MAO).In this study,we investigated the influence of the Ti-reinforcement phase on coating growth and evolution by subjecting both AZ91 alloy and AZ91/Ti composite to MAO treatment using silicate-based and phosphate-based electrolytes.Results revealed that the Ti-reinforcement phase influenced the MAO process,altering discharge behavior,and leading to a decreased cell voltage.The vigorous discharge of the Ti-reinforcement phase induced the formation of coating discharge channels,concurrently dissolving and oxidizing Ti-reinforcement to produce a composite ceramic coating with TiO2.The MAO coating on the AZ91/Ti composite exhibited a dark blue macromorphology and distinctive local micromorphological anomalies.In silicate electrolyte,a“volcano-like”localized morphology centered on the discharge channel emerged.In contrast,treatment in phosphate-based electrolyte resulted in a coating morphology similar to typical porous ceramic coatings,with visible radial discharge micropores at the reinforcement phase location.Compared to the AZ91 alloy,the coating on the AZ91/Ti composite exhibited lower thickness and higher porosity.MAO treatment reduced the self-corrosion current density of the AZ91/Ti surface by two orders of magnitude.The silicate coating demonstrated better corrosion resistance than the phosphate coating,attributed to its lower porosity.The formation mechanism of MAO coatings on AZ91/Ti composites in phosphate-based and silicate-based electrolytes was proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51971157)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324115412035,JCYJ202103-24123202008,JCYJ20210324122803009 and ZDS-YS20210813095534001)Guangdong Foundation for Basic and Applied Basic Research Program(2021A1515110880).
文摘In pursuit of more efficient and stable electrochemical energy storage materials,composite materials consisting of metal oxides and graphene oxide have garnered significant attention due to their unique structures and exceptional properties.Graphene oxide(GO),a two-dimensional material with an extremely high specific surface area and excellent conductivity,offers new possibilities for enhancing the electrochemical performance of metal oxides.In this work,we synthesized met-al-organic framework(MOF)and GO composites by regulating the amount of GO,and successfully prepared composites of metal oxides supported by nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks and GO through a simple one-step calcination process.Based on the electrochemical tests,the optimal amount of GO was determined.This research will provide new insights into and directions for designing and synthesizing metal oxide and graphene oxide composite materials with an ideal electro-chemical performance.
基金supported by the Special Project of the Central-Guided Local Science and Technology Development(Grant No.2022ZY2-JCYJ-01-06)the Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2020-xxx-ZD-179-00-05)Prof.Lujun Huang Group at Harbin Institute of Technology for providing the TiBw/Ti55 composites.
文摘The oxidation behavior of Ti55 alloy and TiBw/Ti55 composites at temperatures ranging from 960 to 1000℃ was investigated by characterizing the surface and cross-section microstructure of specimens.Results showed that TiBw reinforcement accelerated the occurrence of Ti_(6O)/Ti_(3O) by dissolving oxygen in titanium in the starting oxidation stage,and the Ti_(6O)/Ti_(3O) transformed into TiO_(2) with the progression of oxidation.Meanwhile,TiBw reinforcement promoted the formation of(101)crystal planes to be beneficial to the growth of TiO_(2) twins.The cross-sectional characterization showed that the oxide layer of Ti55 alloy and TiBw/Ti55 composites from outside to inside was TiO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),Ti-Sn compounds,Ti_(6O)/Ti_(3O) in sequence,which was confirmed by calculating the standard Gibbs free energy of the oxide nucleation.The TiBw reinforcement accelerated the occurrence of suboxides Ti_(6O)/Ti_(3O) by dissolving oxygen in titanium,and promoted the formation of(101)crystal planes which were beneficial to the growth of TiO_(2) twins.The optimal addition of TiBw induced the TiO_(2) twins,promoted the random orientation of oxides and refined the oxide size of the TiBw/Ti55 composites with 3.5%volume fractions of TiBw,resulting in the best resistance against oxidation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072096,22108184)。
文摘In this work,a series of Ce-Ti composite oxides with different Ti/Ce molar ratios was prepared by coprecipitation method,and investigated for the catalytic degradation of toluene and selective catalytic reduction of NO.The phase transition process between Ce species and Ti species is limited by modulating the interaction between Ce4+and Ti4+,while a completely amorphous composite is generated with an appropriate molar ratio of Ti/Ce(1.5/1).The catalyst CeTi1.5Oxexhibits the best catalytic performance,where the values of T90and T50for deep degradation of toluene are 297 and 330℃respectively at high weight hours space velocity(WHSV=120000 mL/(g·h)).Compared with CeO_(2),T90and T50decrease by48 and 34℃respectively while declining by 67 and 70℃compared to TiO_(2).For the SCR reaction,CeTi1.5Oxreaches 100%NO conversion at 250℃with WHSV=60000 mL/(g·h),reduced by 50℃compared to pure CeO_(2).The amorphous nanostructure with highly dispersed Ce and Ti species was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)characterizations.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Raman analyses show that a large number of active Ce-O-Ti species and surface oxygen vacancies are generated due to the strong interaction between Ti^(4+)and Ce^(4+)in CeTi_(1.5)O_(x).Additionally,H_(2)-TPR and O_(2)-TPD further confirm that the interaction promotes the low-temperature reducibility and mobility of surface-active oxygen species.Meanwhile,in-situ DRIFTS study reveals that CeTi1.5Oxwith amorphous nanostructure can dramatically enhance the dissociative and complete oxidation capacity for toluene.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072099)Team program of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.TD2021E005)Joint Guidance Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.LH2022E093)。
文摘Electrocatalysts are an effective strategy to mitigate the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and accelerate the redox kinetics of LiPSs in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.However,traditional electrocatalysts only have a single active site and often undergo structural collapse and aggregation during charging and discharging,resulting in reduced catalytic performance.Herein,the two-dimensional(2D)polar high-entropy La_(0.71)Sr_(0.29)Co_(0.21)Ni_(0.20)Fe_(0.19)Cr_(0.20)Cu_(0.20)O_(3)(LCO-HEO)nanosheets were rationally designed and successfully synthesized to address this issue.The distinct functional polar sites in LCOHEOs were formed by the d-d orbital hybridization between spatially coupling adjacent transition metals,which can strengthen the dipole-dipole interaction between polar LCO-HEOs and polar LiPSs.2D polar LCO-HEO nanosheets can efficiently capture and trigger the tandem catalysis of polar LiPSs during their sequential conversion.The S/LCO-HEO composite cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 1161.1 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 C,with an ultralow capacity attenuation rate of 0.036%per cycle over 1200 cycles,and achieves stable cycling for 1500 cycles even at 8.0 C.Furthermore,even with a high sulfur loading(5.5 mg cm^(-2))and a low electrolyte/sulfur(E/S)ratio(4.0μL mg^(-1)),the S/LCO-HEO composite cathode shows desirable sulfur utilization and good cycle stability.This work demonstrates the feasibility of high entropy-driven multiple distinct functional polar sites for high-rate and long-cycle Li-S batteries.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204302)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20220533)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022JJ40625).
文摘The isothermal oxidation kinetics of vanadium–titanium magnetite(VTM)pellets prepared with 3Co-binder(coal-based colloidal composite binder)and F-binder(pulverized Funa binder)are compared.The oxidation process was analyzed using the first-order irreversible reaction,following the shrinking unreacted nucleus model.The results demonstrate that VTM pellets prepared with 3Co-binder exhibit a faster oxidation rate than those with F-binder across the temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1473 K.In both cases,the oxidation process was controlled by an interfacial chemical reaction during the pre-oxidation stage and by internal diffusion during the mid-oxidation stage.The type of binder did not influence the primary oxidation control mechanism of the VTM pellets.However,the apparent rate constants in the pre-oxidation stage and the internal diffusion coefficients in the mid-oxidation stage were higher for pellets with 3Co-binder compared to those with F-binder.The apparent activation energies for the 3Co-binder pellets were similar to those of bentonite,indicating favorable kinetic conditions without negative impacts on the oxidation process.Nonetheless,it is important to note that pellets with F-binder required a longer oxidation time than those with 3Co-binder.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171045,52162013,and 51932006)。
文摘The surface of MoSi2-SiB6/phenolic resin matrix composites was modified by mica,and the thermal oxidation behavior of the composites and the mechanical properties of the pyrolysis products were studied.The results showed that the mica improved the thermal properties of the composites,the thermal expansion coefficient decreased,and the liquid phase formation caused the composites to shrink and increase the density.The flexural strength of mica surface modified composites not only increased to 78.64MPa after thermal treatment at 800-1200℃,but reached 83.02 MPa after high temperature treatment at1400℃.The improvement of the mechanical properties of the residual product benefits from the formation of high temperature ceramic phases such as Mo_(2)C and MoB,and the improvement of the shear strength of the composites by the mica.The shear strength of MBm5-2 at room temperature reached 33.08 MPa,indicating that the improvement of the interlayer properties of the composites further improved its mechanical properties.
基金supported by Hubei Natural Science Foundation of Hubei(2023AFB111).
文摘In order to simultaneously improve the oxidation resistance and the electrical conductivity of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)interconnectors,a composite coating of Co–W/NiO was fabricated on ferritic stainless steel by composite deposition and pre-oxidation.Based on phase identification and microstructural analysis,the novel coating was confirmed to effectively suppress Cr diffusion to form a compact Cr-rich layer.Thus,the oxidation rate has been reduced to 9.46×10−15 g^(2)cm^(−4)s^(−1),which showed a imporvement of 56.4%in oxidation resistance.The area specific resistance value of Co–W/NiO coated steel was evaluated as 27.6 mΩcm^(2),much lower than that of Co–W coating as 53.38 mΩcm^(2),which is adequate for SOFC application.Furthermore,the mechanism of the improvement has been investigated that the addition of NiO led to the formation of Ni–Co spinels and Ni–W composites,which affected the surface microstructure of the coating.Thus,the composite Co–W/NiO coated ferritic stainless steel exhibited the optimal combination for oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271066)Basic Research and Innovation Project for Vehicle Power+1 种基金Key Project of"Two-Chain Integration"in Shaanxi Province(No.2023-LL-QY-33-3)Xi'an Key Laboratory of Corrosion Protection and Functional Coating Technology for Military and Civil Light Alloy and Key Project of Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation Research Program(No.2021JZ-54)。
文摘A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic oxidation to enhance its corrosion resistance and self-healing properties.The morphology,chemical composition,structure,and functional properties of the composite coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),polarization curve,alternating current impedance,and salt immersion test.The experimental results showed that,after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution for 12 h,the coating could effectively protect AZ91D from corrosion.When the coating was damaged,the exposed alloy surface would release metal ions in the corrosive environment and react with the corrosion inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline to form a Mg(8-HQ)_(2) chelate,exhibiting significant self-healing behavior.The study results demonstrate the broad application prospects of microcapsule technology in the coating field,providing new ideas for the development of efficient anti-corrosion coatings.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204376)Open Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Co.(YPML-2023050266)Youth Foundation of Hebei Province(E2022103007)。
文摘NO catalytic oxidation is the key performance of the diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC).We present a facile deposition method for the core-shell rare-earth manganese-zirconium composite oxide that shows the Mn mullite phase uniform loading on the surface of zirconium-based composite(YMO/CYZO),which demonstrates a superior NO oxidation catalytic performance in simulated diesel combustion conditions and better thermal stability than mullite phase YMn_(2)O_(5)oxide.The NO oxidation at 250℃over YMO/CYZO-a approaches 25.2%in contrast to 13.52%over YMn_(2)O_(5)-a.Then the catalytic performance of YMO/CYZO,YMO and commercial 1 wt%Pt/Al_(2)O_(3)in a NO+O_(2)atmosphere was compared.The maximum conversion rate of YMO/CYZO to NO oxidation is 89.6%at 274℃with a GHSV of 50000 h^(-1),and the performance is superior to that of YMO(82.8%at 293℃)and 1 wt%Pt/Al_(2)O_(3)(68.6%,335℃).The NO-temperature programmed desorption(NO-TPD)and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)results reveal that YMO/CYZO has multiple NO adsorption sites and high storage capacity.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculation indicates that YMO/CYZO has lower oxygen vacancy formation energies(E_(v)=0.93 eV)and favorable NO adsorption energies(E_(ads)=2.1 eV).Moreover,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization shows that the core-shell structure of YMO/CYZO has the potential to transmit active oxygen species to help realize Mn3+to Mn4+during the reaction process to enhance the conversion of NO*molecules,while NO oxidation reactions follow the MvK mechanism.
文摘Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were prepared on Al−Mg laminated macro composites(LMCs)using both unipolar and bipolar waveforms in an appropriate electrolyte for both aluminum and magnesium alloys.The techniques of FESEM/EDS,grazing incident beam X-ray diffraction(GIXRD),and electrochemical methods of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)were used to characterize the coatings.The results revealed that the coatings produced using the bipolar waveform exhibited lower porosity and higher thickness than those produced using the unipolar one.The corrosion performance of the specimens’cut edge was investigated using EIS after 1,8,and 12 h of immersion in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.It was observed that the coating produced using the bipolar waveform demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance after 12 h of immersion,with an estimated corrosion resistance of 5.64 kΩ·cm^(2),which was approximately 3 times higher than that of the unipolar coating.Notably,no signs of galvanic corrosion were observed in the LMCs,and only minor corrosion attacks were observed on the magnesium layer in some areas.
基金Project(2008BAB35B04) supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China
文摘Series Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides with different Sb/Mn molar ratios were obtained by solid state reaction.Their structure,morphology and Li^＋ extraction/adsorption properties were characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）,scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and atomic absorption spectrophotometry （AAS）,respectively.XRD and SEM analyses reveal that the crystal of the products transfers from spinel to orthorhombic phase with the increase of molar ratio of Sb to Mn from 0.05 to 1.00.The Li^＋ extraction and adsorption experiments for these Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides demonstrate that the composite oxides can all be used as lithium inorganic adsorbents.The acid treated spinel Li-Sb-Mn composite oxide with Sb/Mn molar ratio of 0.05 has a high Li^＋ adsorption capacity of 33.23mg/g in lithium solution.The Sb/Mn molar ratio of these Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides should be a crucial factor in determining their structure and Li^＋ extraction and adsorption properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21577088)~~
文摘The composite oxides xAg/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07）（x=Ag/（Co＋Ce） molar ratio）,intended for use as high performance catalytic materials,were successfully prepared via citric acid complexation.The effects of silver on the performance of these substances during soot combustion were subsequently investigated.Under O_2,the 0.3Ag/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07） catalyst resulted in the lowest ignition temperature,T_（10）,of197 ℃,while the minimum light-off temperature was obtained from both 0.2Ag/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07） and0.3Ag/Co_（0.93）Ce_（0.07） in the NO_x atmosphere.These materials were also characterized by various techniques,including H_2,soot and NO_x temperature programmed reduction,X-ray diffraction,and electron paramagnetic resonance,Raman,X-ray photoelectron,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses.The results demonstrated that silver significantly alters the catalytic behavior under both O_2 and NO_x,even though the lattice structure of the mixed oxide is not affected.Surface silver oxides generated under the O_2 atmosphere favor soot combustion by participating in the redox cycles between soot and the silver oxide,whereas the AgNO_3 that forms in a NO_x-rich atmosphere facilitates soot abatement at a lower temperature.The inferior activity of AgNO_3 relative to that of Ag_2O results in the different catalytic performance in the presence of NO_x or O_2.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51205282)
文摘In order to improve the absorbing properties of M- type barium ferrite absorbing materials, M-type barium ferrite/graphene oxide composites with different graphene oxide contents were synthesized by the sol-gel autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, a scanning electronic microscopy （ SEM ）, a physical properties measurement system （PPMS-9）, and a vector network analyzer were used to analyze their structure, surface morphology, magnetic and absorbing properties, respectively. The results show that the absorbing band of the composite absorbing material is widened and the absorbing strength is increased compared with the pure M-type barium ferrite. The sample with the content of doped graphene oxide of 3% has the minimum reflectivity at 10 to 18 GHz frequencies. Hence, the doped graphene oxide effectively improves the absorbing properties of M-type barium ferrite.
文摘The microstructure and phase composition of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories containing 30%and 60%(by mass)Cr_(2)O_(3) after exposure to aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts depending on the type of melts and temperature have been studied.The mechanisms of refractory corrosion by the used melts and the factors contributing to the inhibition of corrosion development have been investigated by the method of petrographic analysis.On the basis of obtained results,the use of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories in the sections of glass furnace linings,experiencing the intensive impact of aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts,has been confirmed and scientifically substantiated.
