The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examinin...The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.展开更多
Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)a...Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)and linearly polarized light(LPL),but also are the only animals capable of recognizing circularly polarized light(CPL).Here,we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing,previously published Illumina data,and in-situ hybridization(ISH)to quantify and localize functional opsin genes in Oratosquilla oratoria,a common stomatopoda species in the China Sea.A total of high-quality 31777 cells were captured for the first time in the O.oratoria compound eye,which were classified into 25 cell subpopulations,and hypothesized that cluster 22 is a critical cell subpopulation responsible for light(whether NL,LPL,or CPL)response in O.oratoria.Furthermore,we propose that the long-wavelengthsensitive opsin gene(lws)gene family,retinol dehydrogenase(rdh),voltage-gated ion channel(vgic),arrestin(arr),and myosin(myo)collectively mediate the light response in O.oratoria.Considering that very few vision-related opsin genes show differential expression in right-handed CPL(RCPL)-vs.-dark(DL),which provides additional evidence that stomatopoda cannot recognize RCPL.Meanwhile,we believe that UV-stimulated scaffold protein A(uvssa)and red pigment concentrating hormone(rpch)play special contributions in the left-handed CPL(LCPL)environment response.ISH revealing that 16 lws,6 middle-wavelength-sensitive(mws),and 2 ultraviolet(uv)opsin genes were expressed in the photoreceptors of the O.oratoria compound eye.Although the inability to determine the functional types of cell subpopulations limits the resolution of opsin genes,these findings systematically elucidate the specific expression patterns of opsin genes in O.oratoria and represent a significant step toward refining the visual ecological theory of O.oratoria and other stomatopod species.展开更多
Kinesins are a superfamily of proteins widely present in eukaryotes,playing crucial roles in plant cell wall assembly,cell elongation regulation,gravity sensing,and fertility control.In this study,bioinformatics analy...Kinesins are a superfamily of proteins widely present in eukaryotes,playing crucial roles in plant cell wall assembly,cell elongation regulation,gravity sensing,and fertility control.In this study,bioinformatics analysis of the OsKMP2 gene(LOC_Os02g28850)was performed using online tools such as ExPASy-ProtParam,ProtScale,CD-search,and DNAMAN software.Additionally,qRT-PCR was employed to analyze the tissue expression pattern of OsKMP2.The results showed that the molecular weight of the OsKMP2 is 118.39728 kDa,and it is a hydrophilic and unstable acidic protein.Secondary structure prediction revealed that it primarily consists ofα-helices(69.45%),random coils(25.19%),and extended strands(5.36%).The gene was expressed in various rice tissues,with the highest expression level observed in leaves.These results indicate that the OsKMP2 gene exhibits high evolutionary conservation and functional diversity in rice.展开更多
It has recently become evident that the de novo emergence of genes is widespread and documented for a variety of organisms.De novo genes frequently emerge in proximity to existing genes,forming gene overlaps.Here,we p...It has recently become evident that the de novo emergence of genes is widespread and documented for a variety of organisms.De novo genes frequently emerge in proximity to existing genes,forming gene overlaps.Here,we present an analysis of the evolutionary history of a putative de novo gene,lawc,which overlaps with the conserved Trf2 gene,which encodes a general transcription factor in Drosophila melanogaster.We demonstrate that lawc emerged approximately 68 million years ago in the 5'-untranslated region(UTR)of Trf2 and displays an extensive spatiotemporal expression pattern.One of the most remarkable features of the lawc evolutionary history is that its emergence was facilitated by the engagement of Drosophilidae-specific short,highly conserved regions located in Trf2 introns.This represents a unique example of putative de novo gene birth involving conserved DNA regions localized in introns of conserved genes.The observed lawc expression pattern may be due to the overlap of lawc with the 5'-UTR of Trf2.This study not only enriches our understanding of gene evolution but also highlights the complex interplay between genetic conservation and innovation.展开更多
A gene encoding a novel G protein β subunit of β1 subclass, GβMmed was isolated from Microplitis mediator （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）. The full-length sequence of GβMmed is 1 119 bp, the cDNA contains a 1 023 bp...A gene encoding a novel G protein β subunit of β1 subclass, GβMmed was isolated from Microplitis mediator （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）. The full-length sequence of GβMmed is 1 119 bp, the cDNA contains a 1 023 bp open reading frame that encodes a protein with 340 amino acids, and the predicted molecular weight of GβMmed is 37.23 kDa and isoelectric point is 5.86. By the quantitative real-time RT-PCR method, the tissue-specific expression and quantitative changes in the developmental expression profile of GβMmed were detected. It was found that GβMmed was abundantly expressed in M. mediator antennae, head （without antennae）, thorax, abdomen, legs and the wings, and especially at high levels in abdomen. In antennae, expression varied through 1st day before emergence to 5-d-old adults, and had equal expression levels detected in females and males in total. In head, GβMmed expresses while initially high in females, and have another peaked in stage 4 and 1st day, in males showed a peak of GβMmed expression prior to emergence and relatively low levels after emergence. In female abdomen GβMmed expression levels have two peaks in stage 1 and the 5th d, but just have one peak in male abdomen in stage 1. In all other tissues expression was low and stable.展开更多
The OsLpa1 gene（LOC_Os02g57400） was identified to be involved in phytic acid（PA） metabolism because its knockout and missense mutants reduce PA content in rice grain. However, little is known about the molecular c...The OsLpa1 gene（LOC_Os02g57400） was identified to be involved in phytic acid（PA） metabolism because its knockout and missense mutants reduce PA content in rice grain. However, little is known about the molecular characteristics of OsLpa1 in rice and of its homologues in other plants. In the present study, the spatial pattern of OsLpa1 expression was revealed using OsLpa1 promoter：：GUS transgenic plants（GUS： β-glucuronidase）; GUS histochemical assay showed that OsLpa1 was strongly expressed in stem, leaf, and root tissues, but in floral organ it is expressed mainly and strongly in filaments. In seeds, GUS staining was concentrated in the aleurone layers; a few blue spots were observed in the outer layers of embryo, but no staining was observed in the endosperm. Three OsLpa1 transcripts（OsLpa1.1, OsLpa1.2, OsLpa1.3） are produced due to alternative splicing; quantitative reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis revealed that the abundance of OsLpa1.3 was negligible compared with OsLpa1.1 and OsLpa1.2 in all tissues. OsLpa1.2 is predominant in germinating seeds（about 5 times that of OsLpa1.1）, but its abundance decreases quickly with the development of seedlings and plants, whereas the abundance of OsLpa1.1 rises and falls, reaching its highest level in 45-d-old plants, with abundance greater than that of OsLpa1.2 in both leaves and roots. In seeds, the abundance of OsLpa1 continuously increases with seed growth, being 27.5 and 15 times greater in 28-DAF（day after flowering） seeds than in 7-DAF seeds for OsLpa1.1 and OsLpa1.2, respectively. Transient expression of chimeric genes with green fluorescence protein（GFP） in rice protoplasts demonstrated that all proteins encoded by the three OsLpa1 transcripts are localized to the chloroplast.展开更多
To understand the regulation system of nitrogen X-starvation in higher plants, a cDNA library from N-starved rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings was constructed using rapid subtraction hybridization (RaSH) procedure. Thr...To understand the regulation system of nitrogen X-starvation in higher plants, a cDNA library from N-starved rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings was constructed using rapid subtraction hybridization (RaSH) procedure. Through reverse Northern analysis and Northern blotting, 18 unique known genes and two unique unknown genes were identified, which were up-regulated by N-starvation in rice. The known genes are involved in several metabolisms including carbon metabolism, secondary metabolite synthesis, ubiquitylation and protein degradation, phytohormone metabolism, signal transduction, growth regulator and transcription factors. Different induced expression patterns based on spatial and temporal express ions were found for these genes. The results indicate the cross-talks between N-starvation response and various metabolisms in plants.展开更多
We describe the temporal and spatial expression pattern of Sox 1 gene during Xenopus laevis early development and compare the expression patterns of Sox 1-3 in the developing eye and brain. Alignment of Sox 1-3 amino ...We describe the temporal and spatial expression pattern of Sox 1 gene during Xenopus laevis early development and compare the expression patterns of Sox 1-3 in the developing eye and brain. Alignment of Sox 1-3 amino acid sequences shows a high conservation within the HMG-box DNA binding domains. RT-PCR analysis indicates that Sox 1 is expressed throughout development from the unfertilized egg to at least the tadpole stage, although at different expression levels. The transcripts of XSox 1 are detected in the animal pole at cleavage and blastrula stages and mainly in the central nervous system （CNS） and the developing eye at neurula stages. The study of the developmental expression of XSox 1 will aid in the elucidation of the function of SoxB 1 subgroup genes in vertebrate neurogenesis.展开更多
It has been reported that the muscle-specific isoform （type M, PGAM2） of phosphoglycerate mutase （PGAM） is a housekeeping enzyme; it catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate in the gl...It has been reported that the muscle-specific isoform （type M, PGAM2） of phosphoglycerate mutase （PGAM） is a housekeeping enzyme; it catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate in the glycolysis process to release energy. It is encoded by the Pgam2 gene. In this study, the cDNA of the porcine Pgam2 was cloned. This gene contains an open reading frame of 765 bp encoding a protein of 253 residues, and the predicted protein sequences share high similarity with other mammalians, 96% identity with humans, and 94% identity with mouse and rats. Pgam2 was mapped to SSC18q13-q21 by the RH panel. In this region, there are several QTLs, such as fat ratio, lean percentage, and diameter of muslce fiber, which affect meat production and quality. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the porcine Pgam2 gene was mainly expressed in the muscle tissue （skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle）, and was expressed highly at skeletal muscle development stages （embryonic periods： 33, 65, and 90 days post-conception （dpo）; postnatal pigs： 4 days and adult）. This indicates that the Pgam2 gene plays an important role in muscle growth and development. In addition, it was demonstrated that PGAM2 locates both in cytoplasm and nuclei, and takes part in the glycometabolism process of cytoplasm and nuclei.展开更多
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is...BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is known about the potential mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. METHODS First, based on the expression profiles of genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis, a set of expression disorder modules related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained by enrichment analysis. Subsequently, based on crosstalk analysis, we proved that there was a significant crosstalk relationship between module 3 and module 5. Finally, based on predictive analysis of multidimensional regulators, we identified a series of regulatory factors, such as endogenous genes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and transcription factors, which have potential regulatory effects on periodontitis. RESULTS A total of 337 genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained, and 3896 genes related to periodontitis were amplified. Eight expression modules of periodontitis were obtained, involving the aggregation of 2672 gene modules. These modules are mainly involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and adenylate cyclasemodulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In addition, eight endogenous genes (including EGF, RPS27A, and GNB3) were screened by network connectivity analysis. Finally, based on this set of potential dysfunction modules, 94 transcription factors (including NFKB1, SP1, and STAT3) and 1198 ncRNAs (including MALAT1, CRNDE, and ANCR) were revealed. These core regulators are thought to be involved in the potential molecular mechanism of periodontitis after surgical treatment. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, we can show biologists and pharmacists a new idea to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis, and provide valuable reference for follow-up treatment programs.展开更多
ZAG2 has been identified as a maternally expressed imprinted gene in maize endosperm.Our study revealed that paternally inherited ZAG2 alleles were imprinted in maize endosperm and embryo at 14 days after pollination(...ZAG2 has been identified as a maternally expressed imprinted gene in maize endosperm.Our study revealed that paternally inherited ZAG2 alleles were imprinted in maize endosperm and embryo at 14 days after pollination(DAP), and consistently imprinted in endosperm at 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 DAP in reciprocal crosses between B73 and Mo17. ZAG2 alleles were also imprinted in reciprocal crosses between Zheng 58 and Chang7-2 and between Huang C and 178. ZAG2 alleles exhibited differential imprinting in hybrids of 178 × Huang C and B73 × Mo17, while in other hybrids ZAG2 alleles exhibited binary imprinting. The tissue-specific expression pattern of ZAG2 showed that ZAG2 was expressed at a high level in immature ears, suggesting that ZAG2 plays important roles in not only kernel but ear development.展开更多
As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3 (FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits ...As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3 (FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep (Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model (GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1 (NC_019459.2: g.101771685 T>C (SNP1)) and exon 3 (NC_019459.2: g.101810848, A>C (SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter (MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight (LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight (GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool (SF) group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the fine wool (F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level (P<0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels (P<0.01) at the 65th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep marker-assisted selection (MAS).展开更多
The transcription factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, played crucial roles in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells （ESCs）. They expressed in preimplantation mammalian develo...The transcription factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, played crucial roles in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells （ESCs）. They expressed in preimplantation mammalian development with spa- tio-temporal pattern and took part in regulation of development. However, their expression and roles in goat had not been reported. In the present study, the expression of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in goat preimplantation embryos both in vivo and in vitro were detected by real-time RCR and immunofluorescence. For in vivo fertilized embryos, the transcripts of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 could be detected from oocytes to blastocyst stage, their expression in morula and blastocyst stages was much higher than other stage. OCT4 protein was detected from oocyte to blastocyst, but the fluorescence was more located-intensive with nuclei from 8-cell stage, its expression present in both inner cell mass （ICM） and trophoblast cells （TE） at blastocyse stage. NANOG protein was similar to OCT4, the signaling of fluorescence completely focused on cell nuclei, while the SOX2 firstly showed nuclei location in morula. Comparing to in vivo fertilized embryo, the mRNA of these three transcription factors could be detected at 8-cell stage in parthenogenetic embryos （in vitro）. Thereafter, the expressional level rose gradually along with embryo development. The locations of OCT4 and NANOG proteins were similar to in vivo fertilized embryos, and they located in cell nuclei from morula to blastocyst stage, while SOX2 protein firstly could be detected in cell nuclei at 8-cell stage. These differences suggested that OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 played different function in regulating development of goat preimplantation embryos. These results may provide a novel insight to goat embryo development and be useful for goat ESCs isolation.展开更多
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system(CNS).They provide trophic support for neurons,modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity,and contribute to neuronal dysfunction.Many transgen...Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system(CNS).They provide trophic support for neurons,modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity,and contribute to neuronal dysfunction.Many transgenic mouse lines have been generated to obtain astrocyte-specific expression of inducible Cre recombinase for functional studies;however,the expression patterns of inducible Cre recombinase in these lines have not been systematically characterized.We generated a new astrocyte-specific Aldh1 l1-CreER^(T2)knock-in mouse line and compared the expression pattern of Cre recombinase between this and five widely-used transgenic lines(hGfap-CreER^(T2)from The Jackson Laboratory and The Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center,Glast-CreER^(T2),Cx30-CreER^(T2),and Fgfr3-iCreER^(T2))by crossing with Ai14 mice,which express tdTomato fluorescence following Cre-mediated recombination.In adult Aldh1 l1-CreER^(T2):Ai 14 transgenic mice,tdTomato was detected throughout the CNS,and five novel morphologicallydefined types of astrocyte were described.Among the six evaluated lines,the specificity of Cre-mediated recombination was highest when driven by Aldh1 l1 and lowest when driven by hGfap;in the latter mice,co-staining between tdTomato and NeuN was observed in the hippocampus and cortex.Notably,evident leakage was noted in Fgfr3-iCreER^(T2)mice,and the expression level of tdTomato was low in the thalamus when Cre recombinase expression was driven by Glast and in the capsular part of the central amygdaloid nucleus when driven by Cx30.Furthermore,tdTomato was clearly expressed in peripheral organs in four of the lines.Our results emphasize that the astrocyte-specific CreER^(T2)transgenic lines used in functional studies should be carefully selected.展开更多
Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.),a carnivorous fish species with high dietary protein requirement,was chosen to examine the expression pattern of peptide and amino acid transporter genes along its digestive tract which...Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.),a carnivorous fish species with high dietary protein requirement,was chosen to examine the expression pattern of peptide and amino acid transporter genes along its digestive tract which was divided into six segments including stomach,pyloric caeca,rectum,and three equal parts of the remainder of the intestine.The results showed that the expression of two peptide and eleven amino acid transporters genes exhibited distinct patterns.Peptide transporter 1(Pep T1) was rich in proximal intestine while peptide transporter 2(PepT2) was abundant in distal intestine.A number of neutral and cationic amino acid transporters expressed richly in whole intestine including B^0-type amino acid transporter 1(B^0AT1),L-type amino acid transporter 2(LAT2),T-type amino acid transporter 1(TAT1),proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1(PAT1),y^+L-type amino acid transporter 1(y^+LAT1),and cationic amino acid transporter 2(CAT2) while ASC amino acid transporter 2(ASCT2),sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2(SNAT2),and y^+L-type amino acid transporter 2(y^+LAT2) abundantly expressed in stomach.In addition,system b^(0,+) transporters(rBAT and b^(0,+)AT) existed richly in distal intestine.These findings comprehensively characterized the distribution of solute carrier family proteins,which revealed the relative importance of peptide and amino acid absorption through luminal membrane.Our findings are helpful to understand the mechanism of the utilization of dietary protein in fish with a short digestive tract.展开更多
ObjectiveTo investigate the gene expression changes in normal and degeneration lumbar intervertebral disc in humans, providing information for clinical. MethodsThe PCR products of 4096 human genes were spotted onto a ...ObjectiveTo investigate the gene expression changes in normal and degeneration lumbar intervertebral disc in humans, providing information for clinical. MethodsThe PCR products of 4096 human genes were spotted onto a kind of chemical-material-coated-glass slides. The total RNAs were isolated from the tissues. Both the mRNAs from the degeneration and normal lumbar intervertebral disc in humans were reversely transcribed to the cDNAs, which used as the hybridization probes with the incorporations of fluorescent dUTP. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the cDNA microarray. After high-stringent washing, the cDNA microarray was scanned for the fluorescent signals and analyzed with computer image analysis. ResultsAmong the 4096 targets, there were 706 genes whose expression levels differed between the degeneration and normal lumbar intervertebral disc in all cases, comprising 298 up-regulated and 358 down-regulated ones. ConclusionDNA microarray technology is an effective technique in screening for differently expressed genes between the degeneration and normal lumbar intervertebral disc. Cell apoptosis plays an important role in the process of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.展开更多
The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense respons...The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense responses.However,the mechanism of the sorghum JAZ family in response to abiotic stress remains unclear.In the present study,a total of 17 JAZ genes were identified in sorghum using a Hidden Markov Model search.In addition,real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the gene expression patterns under abiotic stress.Based on phylogenetic tree analysis,the sorghum JAZ proteins were mainly divided into nine subfamilies.A promoter analysis revealed that the SbJAZ family contains diverse types of promoter cis-acting elements,indicating that JAZ proteins function in multiple pathways upon stress stimulation in plants.According to RT-qPCR,SbJAZ gene expression is tissuespecific.Additionally,under cold,hot,polyethylene glycol,jasmonic acid,abscisic acid,and gibberellin treatments,the expression patterns of SbJAZ genes were distinctly different,indicating that the expression of SbJAZ genes may be coordinated with different stresses.Furthermore,the overexpression of SbJAZ1 in Escherichia coli was found to promote the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stresses,such as PEG 6000,NaCl,and 40℃ treatments.Altogether,our findings help us to better understand the potential molecular mechanisms of the SbJAZ family in sorghum in response to abiotic stresses.展开更多
Background:Heterosis is an important biological phenomenon that has been extensively utilized in agricultural breeding.However,negative heterosis is also pervasively observed in nature,which can cause unfavorable impa...Background:Heterosis is an important biological phenomenon that has been extensively utilized in agricultural breeding.However,negative heterosis is also pervasively observed in nature,which can cause unfavorable impacts on production performance.Compared with systematic studies of positive heterosis,the phenomenon of negative heterosis has been largely ignored in genetic studies and breeding programs,and the genetic mechanism of this phenomenon has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.Here,we used chickens,the most common agricultural animals worldwide,to determine the genetic and molecular mechanisms of negative heterosis.Results:We performed reciprocal crossing experiments with two distinct chicken lines and found that the body weight presented widely negative heterosis in the early growth of chickens.Negative heterosis of carcass traits was more common than positive heterosis,especially breast muscle mass,which was over−40%in reciprocal progenies.Genome-wide gene expression pattern analyses of breast muscle tissues revealed that nonadditivity,including dominance and overdominace,was the major gene inheritance pattern.Nonadditive genes,including a substantial number of genes encoding ATPase and NADH dehydrogenase,accounted for more than 68%of differentially expressed genes in reciprocal crosses(4257 of 5587 and 3617 of 5243,respectively).Moreover,nonadditive genes were significantly associated with the biological process of oxidative phosphorylation,which is the major metabolic pathway for energy release and animal growth and development.The detection of ATP content and ATPase activity for purebred and crossbred progenies further confirmed that chickens with lower muscle yield had lower ATP concentrations but higher hydrolysis activity,which supported the important role of oxidative phosphorylation in negative heterosis for growth traits in chickens.Conclusions:These findings revealed that nonadditive genes and their related oxidative phosphorylation were the major genetic and molecular factors in the negative heterosis of growth in chickens,which would be beneficial to future breeding strategies.展开更多
Auxin plays important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development （Zhao, 2010）. In Arabidopsis, a number of YUCCA （YUC） genes, which are involved in auxin biosyn- thesis, have been identified （Zhao e...Auxin plays important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development （Zhao, 2010）. In Arabidopsis, a number of YUCCA （YUC） genes, which are involved in auxin biosyn- thesis, have been identified （Zhao et al., 2001; Woodward et al., 2005; Cheng et al., 2006, 2007; Kim et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2014）. YUC genes encode flavin monooxygenases （FMOs） that convert indole-3-pyruvate （IPA） to indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） （Zhao, 2012）. The Arabidopsis YUC family is comprised of 11 members （Zhao et al., 2001;展开更多
The cytokines of acute leukemia （AL） patients have certain expression patterns, forming a complex network involved in diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. We collected the serum of different AL patients before and...The cytokines of acute leukemia （AL） patients have certain expression patterns, forming a complex network involved in diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. We collected the serum of different AL patients before and after complete remission （CR） for detection of cytokines by using an antibody chip. The expression patterns of cytokines were determined by using bioinformatics computational analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the cytokine expression patterns between AL patients and normal controls, as well as between acute myeloid leukemia （AML） and acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL）. In confirmatory test, ELISA revealed the expression of uPAR in AL. Moreover, the bioinformatic analysis showed that the differentially expressed cytokines among the AL groups were involved in different biological behaviors and were closely related with the development of the disease. It was concluded that the cytokine expression pattern of AL patients is significantly different from that of healthy volunteers. Also, differences of cytokine expression patterns exist between AML and ALL, and between before and after CR in the same subtype of AL, which holds important clinical significance for revealing disease progression.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301851)。
文摘The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QD110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106128)。
文摘Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)and linearly polarized light(LPL),but also are the only animals capable of recognizing circularly polarized light(CPL).Here,we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing,previously published Illumina data,and in-situ hybridization(ISH)to quantify and localize functional opsin genes in Oratosquilla oratoria,a common stomatopoda species in the China Sea.A total of high-quality 31777 cells were captured for the first time in the O.oratoria compound eye,which were classified into 25 cell subpopulations,and hypothesized that cluster 22 is a critical cell subpopulation responsible for light(whether NL,LPL,or CPL)response in O.oratoria.Furthermore,we propose that the long-wavelengthsensitive opsin gene(lws)gene family,retinol dehydrogenase(rdh),voltage-gated ion channel(vgic),arrestin(arr),and myosin(myo)collectively mediate the light response in O.oratoria.Considering that very few vision-related opsin genes show differential expression in right-handed CPL(RCPL)-vs.-dark(DL),which provides additional evidence that stomatopoda cannot recognize RCPL.Meanwhile,we believe that UV-stimulated scaffold protein A(uvssa)and red pigment concentrating hormone(rpch)play special contributions in the left-handed CPL(LCPL)environment response.ISH revealing that 16 lws,6 middle-wavelength-sensitive(mws),and 2 ultraviolet(uv)opsin genes were expressed in the photoreceptors of the O.oratoria compound eye.Although the inability to determine the functional types of cell subpopulations limits the resolution of opsin genes,these findings systematically elucidate the specific expression patterns of opsin genes in O.oratoria and represent a significant step toward refining the visual ecological theory of O.oratoria and other stomatopod species.
基金Supported by College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202210553003)Hunan Provincial Education Department Outstanding Youth Research Project(23B0820).
文摘Kinesins are a superfamily of proteins widely present in eukaryotes,playing crucial roles in plant cell wall assembly,cell elongation regulation,gravity sensing,and fertility control.In this study,bioinformatics analysis of the OsKMP2 gene(LOC_Os02g28850)was performed using online tools such as ExPASy-ProtParam,ProtScale,CD-search,and DNAMAN software.Additionally,qRT-PCR was employed to analyze the tissue expression pattern of OsKMP2.The results showed that the molecular weight of the OsKMP2 is 118.39728 kDa,and it is a hydrophilic and unstable acidic protein.Secondary structure prediction revealed that it primarily consists ofα-helices(69.45%),random coils(25.19%),and extended strands(5.36%).The gene was expressed in various rice tissues,with the highest expression level observed in leaves.These results indicate that the OsKMP2 gene exhibits high evolutionary conservation and functional diversity in rice.
基金funded by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation № 24-24-00354
文摘It has recently become evident that the de novo emergence of genes is widespread and documented for a variety of organisms.De novo genes frequently emerge in proximity to existing genes,forming gene overlaps.Here,we present an analysis of the evolutionary history of a putative de novo gene,lawc,which overlaps with the conserved Trf2 gene,which encodes a general transcription factor in Drosophila melanogaster.We demonstrate that lawc emerged approximately 68 million years ago in the 5'-untranslated region(UTR)of Trf2 and displays an extensive spatiotemporal expression pattern.One of the most remarkable features of the lawc evolutionary history is that its emergence was facilitated by the engagement of Drosophilidae-specific short,highly conserved regions located in Trf2 introns.This represents a unique example of putative de novo gene birth involving conserved DNA regions localized in introns of conserved genes.The observed lawc expression pattern may be due to the overlap of lawc with the 5'-UTR of Trf2.This study not only enriches our understanding of gene evolution but also highlights the complex interplay between genetic conservation and innovation.
基金support from the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (30871640,30330410)the National Basic Research Program ofChina (2007CB109202)the Research Foundationof State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseasesand Insect Pests of China (SKL2007SR01)
文摘A gene encoding a novel G protein β subunit of β1 subclass, GβMmed was isolated from Microplitis mediator （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）. The full-length sequence of GβMmed is 1 119 bp, the cDNA contains a 1 023 bp open reading frame that encodes a protein with 340 amino acids, and the predicted molecular weight of GβMmed is 37.23 kDa and isoelectric point is 5.86. By the quantitative real-time RT-PCR method, the tissue-specific expression and quantitative changes in the developmental expression profile of GβMmed were detected. It was found that GβMmed was abundantly expressed in M. mediator antennae, head （without antennae）, thorax, abdomen, legs and the wings, and especially at high levels in abdomen. In antennae, expression varied through 1st day before emergence to 5-d-old adults, and had equal expression levels detected in females and males in total. In head, GβMmed expresses while initially high in females, and have another peaked in stage 4 and 1st day, in males showed a peak of GβMmed expression prior to emergence and relatively low levels after emergence. In female abdomen GβMmed expression levels have two peaks in stage 1 and the 5th d, but just have one peak in male abdomen in stage 1. In all other tissues expression was low and stable.
基金supported by the Sino-German Joint Research Project(No.GZ932)the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period(No.2014BAA 03B04)the Wuxi Science and Technology Department Funds(No.CLE01N1408),China
文摘The OsLpa1 gene（LOC_Os02g57400） was identified to be involved in phytic acid（PA） metabolism because its knockout and missense mutants reduce PA content in rice grain. However, little is known about the molecular characteristics of OsLpa1 in rice and of its homologues in other plants. In the present study, the spatial pattern of OsLpa1 expression was revealed using OsLpa1 promoter：：GUS transgenic plants（GUS： β-glucuronidase）; GUS histochemical assay showed that OsLpa1 was strongly expressed in stem, leaf, and root tissues, but in floral organ it is expressed mainly and strongly in filaments. In seeds, GUS staining was concentrated in the aleurone layers; a few blue spots were observed in the outer layers of embryo, but no staining was observed in the endosperm. Three OsLpa1 transcripts（OsLpa1.1, OsLpa1.2, OsLpa1.3） are produced due to alternative splicing; quantitative reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis revealed that the abundance of OsLpa1.3 was negligible compared with OsLpa1.1 and OsLpa1.2 in all tissues. OsLpa1.2 is predominant in germinating seeds（about 5 times that of OsLpa1.1）, but its abundance decreases quickly with the development of seedlings and plants, whereas the abundance of OsLpa1.1 rises and falls, reaching its highest level in 45-d-old plants, with abundance greater than that of OsLpa1.2 in both leaves and roots. In seeds, the abundance of OsLpa1 continuously increases with seed growth, being 27.5 and 15 times greater in 28-DAF（day after flowering） seeds than in 7-DAF seeds for OsLpa1.1 and OsLpa1.2, respectively. Transient expression of chimeric genes with green fluorescence protein（GFP） in rice protoplasts demonstrated that all proteins encoded by the three OsLpa1 transcripts are localized to the chloroplast.
文摘To understand the regulation system of nitrogen X-starvation in higher plants, a cDNA library from N-starved rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings was constructed using rapid subtraction hybridization (RaSH) procedure. Through reverse Northern analysis and Northern blotting, 18 unique known genes and two unique unknown genes were identified, which were up-regulated by N-starvation in rice. The known genes are involved in several metabolisms including carbon metabolism, secondary metabolite synthesis, ubiquitylation and protein degradation, phytohormone metabolism, signal transduction, growth regulator and transcription factors. Different induced expression patterns based on spatial and temporal express ions were found for these genes. The results indicate the cross-talks between N-starvation response and various metabolisms in plants.
文摘We describe the temporal and spatial expression pattern of Sox 1 gene during Xenopus laevis early development and compare the expression patterns of Sox 1-3 in the developing eye and brain. Alignment of Sox 1-3 amino acid sequences shows a high conservation within the HMG-box DNA binding domains. RT-PCR analysis indicates that Sox 1 is expressed throughout development from the unfertilized egg to at least the tadpole stage, although at different expression levels. The transcripts of XSox 1 are detected in the animal pole at cleavage and blastrula stages and mainly in the central nervous system （CNS） and the developing eye at neurula stages. The study of the developmental expression of XSox 1 will aid in the elucidation of the function of SoxB 1 subgroup genes in vertebrate neurogenesis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30371029 and 30571007） the National High Science and Technology Foundation of China （No. 2007AA10Z168） the Natural Science Foundation Creative Team Projects of Hubei Province （No. 2006ABC008）.
文摘It has been reported that the muscle-specific isoform （type M, PGAM2） of phosphoglycerate mutase （PGAM） is a housekeeping enzyme; it catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate in the glycolysis process to release energy. It is encoded by the Pgam2 gene. In this study, the cDNA of the porcine Pgam2 was cloned. This gene contains an open reading frame of 765 bp encoding a protein of 253 residues, and the predicted protein sequences share high similarity with other mammalians, 96% identity with humans, and 94% identity with mouse and rats. Pgam2 was mapped to SSC18q13-q21 by the RH panel. In this region, there are several QTLs, such as fat ratio, lean percentage, and diameter of muslce fiber, which affect meat production and quality. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the porcine Pgam2 gene was mainly expressed in the muscle tissue （skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle）, and was expressed highly at skeletal muscle development stages （embryonic periods： 33, 65, and 90 days post-conception （dpo）; postnatal pigs： 4 days and adult）. This indicates that the Pgam2 gene plays an important role in muscle growth and development. In addition, it was demonstrated that PGAM2 locates both in cytoplasm and nuclei, and takes part in the glycometabolism process of cytoplasm and nuclei.
文摘BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is known about the potential mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. METHODS First, based on the expression profiles of genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis, a set of expression disorder modules related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained by enrichment analysis. Subsequently, based on crosstalk analysis, we proved that there was a significant crosstalk relationship between module 3 and module 5. Finally, based on predictive analysis of multidimensional regulators, we identified a series of regulatory factors, such as endogenous genes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and transcription factors, which have potential regulatory effects on periodontitis. RESULTS A total of 337 genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained, and 3896 genes related to periodontitis were amplified. Eight expression modules of periodontitis were obtained, involving the aggregation of 2672 gene modules. These modules are mainly involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and adenylate cyclasemodulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In addition, eight endogenous genes (including EGF, RPS27A, and GNB3) were screened by network connectivity analysis. Finally, based on this set of potential dysfunction modules, 94 transcription factors (including NFKB1, SP1, and STAT3) and 1198 ncRNAs (including MALAT1, CRNDE, and ANCR) were revealed. These core regulators are thought to be involved in the potential molecular mechanism of periodontitis after surgical treatment. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, we can show biologists and pharmacists a new idea to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis, and provide valuable reference for follow-up treatment programs.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2013C023)the Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Xm201344)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014M552303)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Southwest University (SWU112037)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (2011182120011)
文摘ZAG2 has been identified as a maternally expressed imprinted gene in maize endosperm.Our study revealed that paternally inherited ZAG2 alleles were imprinted in maize endosperm and embryo at 14 days after pollination(DAP), and consistently imprinted in endosperm at 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 DAP in reciprocal crosses between B73 and Mo17. ZAG2 alleles were also imprinted in reciprocal crosses between Zheng 58 and Chang7-2 and between Huang C and 178. ZAG2 alleles exhibited differential imprinting in hybrids of 178 × Huang C and B73 × Mo17, while in other hybrids ZAG2 alleles exhibited binary imprinting. The tissue-specific expression pattern of ZAG2 showed that ZAG2 was expressed at a high level in immature ears, suggesting that ZAG2 plays important roles in not only kernel but ear development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360543 and 31760655)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-39)+1 种基金the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Cashmere and Wool Sheep, China (2016D03017)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation, China (2017M623287)
文摘As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3 (FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep (Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model (GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1 (NC_019459.2: g.101771685 T>C (SNP1)) and exon 3 (NC_019459.2: g.101810848, A>C (SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter (MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight (LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight (GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool (SF) group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the fine wool (F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level (P<0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels (P<0.01) at the 65th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep marker-assisted selection (MAS).
基金supported by the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects, Ministry of Agriculture, China (2008ZX0810-001)
文摘The transcription factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, played crucial roles in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells （ESCs）. They expressed in preimplantation mammalian development with spa- tio-temporal pattern and took part in regulation of development. However, their expression and roles in goat had not been reported. In the present study, the expression of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in goat preimplantation embryos both in vivo and in vitro were detected by real-time RCR and immunofluorescence. For in vivo fertilized embryos, the transcripts of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 could be detected from oocytes to blastocyst stage, their expression in morula and blastocyst stages was much higher than other stage. OCT4 protein was detected from oocyte to blastocyst, but the fluorescence was more located-intensive with nuclei from 8-cell stage, its expression present in both inner cell mass （ICM） and trophoblast cells （TE） at blastocyse stage. NANOG protein was similar to OCT4, the signaling of fluorescence completely focused on cell nuclei, while the SOX2 firstly showed nuclei location in morula. Comparing to in vivo fertilized embryo, the mRNA of these three transcription factors could be detected at 8-cell stage in parthenogenetic embryos （in vitro）. Thereafter, the expressional level rose gradually along with embryo development. The locations of OCT4 and NANOG proteins were similar to in vivo fertilized embryos, and they located in cell nuclei from morula to blastocyst stage, while SOX2 protein firstly could be detected in cell nuclei at 8-cell stage. These differences suggested that OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 played different function in regulating development of goat preimplantation embryos. These results may provide a novel insight to goat embryo development and be useful for goat ESCs isolation.
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31430032,31830033,81971080,and 81671356)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in University(IRT_16R37)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(20188030334001)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(201707020027,201704020116)。
文摘Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system(CNS).They provide trophic support for neurons,modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity,and contribute to neuronal dysfunction.Many transgenic mouse lines have been generated to obtain astrocyte-specific expression of inducible Cre recombinase for functional studies;however,the expression patterns of inducible Cre recombinase in these lines have not been systematically characterized.We generated a new astrocyte-specific Aldh1 l1-CreER^(T2)knock-in mouse line and compared the expression pattern of Cre recombinase between this and five widely-used transgenic lines(hGfap-CreER^(T2)from The Jackson Laboratory and The Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center,Glast-CreER^(T2),Cx30-CreER^(T2),and Fgfr3-iCreER^(T2))by crossing with Ai14 mice,which express tdTomato fluorescence following Cre-mediated recombination.In adult Aldh1 l1-CreER^(T2):Ai 14 transgenic mice,tdTomato was detected throughout the CNS,and five novel morphologicallydefined types of astrocyte were described.Among the six evaluated lines,the specificity of Cre-mediated recombination was highest when driven by Aldh1 l1 and lowest when driven by hGfap;in the latter mice,co-staining between tdTomato and NeuN was observed in the hippocampus and cortex.Notably,evident leakage was noted in Fgfr3-iCreER^(T2)mice,and the expression level of tdTomato was low in the thalamus when Cre recombinase expression was driven by Glast and in the capsular part of the central amygdaloid nucleus when driven by Cx30.Furthermore,tdTomato was clearly expressed in peripheral organs in four of the lines.Our results emphasize that the astrocyte-specific CreER^(T2)transgenic lines used in functional studies should be carefully selected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31222055)973 Program (2014CB138602)
文摘Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.),a carnivorous fish species with high dietary protein requirement,was chosen to examine the expression pattern of peptide and amino acid transporter genes along its digestive tract which was divided into six segments including stomach,pyloric caeca,rectum,and three equal parts of the remainder of the intestine.The results showed that the expression of two peptide and eleven amino acid transporters genes exhibited distinct patterns.Peptide transporter 1(Pep T1) was rich in proximal intestine while peptide transporter 2(PepT2) was abundant in distal intestine.A number of neutral and cationic amino acid transporters expressed richly in whole intestine including B^0-type amino acid transporter 1(B^0AT1),L-type amino acid transporter 2(LAT2),T-type amino acid transporter 1(TAT1),proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1(PAT1),y^+L-type amino acid transporter 1(y^+LAT1),and cationic amino acid transporter 2(CAT2) while ASC amino acid transporter 2(ASCT2),sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2(SNAT2),and y^+L-type amino acid transporter 2(y^+LAT2) abundantly expressed in stomach.In addition,system b^(0,+) transporters(rBAT and b^(0,+)AT) existed richly in distal intestine.These findings comprehensively characterized the distribution of solute carrier family proteins,which revealed the relative importance of peptide and amino acid absorption through luminal membrane.Our findings are helpful to understand the mechanism of the utilization of dietary protein in fish with a short digestive tract.
文摘ObjectiveTo investigate the gene expression changes in normal and degeneration lumbar intervertebral disc in humans, providing information for clinical. MethodsThe PCR products of 4096 human genes were spotted onto a kind of chemical-material-coated-glass slides. The total RNAs were isolated from the tissues. Both the mRNAs from the degeneration and normal lumbar intervertebral disc in humans were reversely transcribed to the cDNAs, which used as the hybridization probes with the incorporations of fluorescent dUTP. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the cDNA microarray. After high-stringent washing, the cDNA microarray was scanned for the fluorescent signals and analyzed with computer image analysis. ResultsAmong the 4096 targets, there were 706 genes whose expression levels differed between the degeneration and normal lumbar intervertebral disc in all cases, comprising 298 up-regulated and 358 down-regulated ones. ConclusionDNA microarray technology is an effective technique in screening for differently expressed genes between the degeneration and normal lumbar intervertebral disc. Cell apoptosis plays an important role in the process of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060614 and 32272514)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project,China([2022]091)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022MD713740).
文摘The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense responses.However,the mechanism of the sorghum JAZ family in response to abiotic stress remains unclear.In the present study,a total of 17 JAZ genes were identified in sorghum using a Hidden Markov Model search.In addition,real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the gene expression patterns under abiotic stress.Based on phylogenetic tree analysis,the sorghum JAZ proteins were mainly divided into nine subfamilies.A promoter analysis revealed that the SbJAZ family contains diverse types of promoter cis-acting elements,indicating that JAZ proteins function in multiple pathways upon stress stimulation in plants.According to RT-qPCR,SbJAZ gene expression is tissuespecific.Additionally,under cold,hot,polyethylene glycol,jasmonic acid,abscisic acid,and gibberellin treatments,the expression patterns of SbJAZ genes were distinctly different,indicating that the expression of SbJAZ genes may be coordinated with different stresses.Furthermore,the overexpression of SbJAZ1 in Escherichia coli was found to promote the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stresses,such as PEG 6000,NaCl,and 40℃ treatments.Altogether,our findings help us to better understand the potential molecular mechanisms of the SbJAZ family in sorghum in response to abiotic stresses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31930105)China Agriculture Research Systems(CARS-40)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020 M680028).
文摘Background:Heterosis is an important biological phenomenon that has been extensively utilized in agricultural breeding.However,negative heterosis is also pervasively observed in nature,which can cause unfavorable impacts on production performance.Compared with systematic studies of positive heterosis,the phenomenon of negative heterosis has been largely ignored in genetic studies and breeding programs,and the genetic mechanism of this phenomenon has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.Here,we used chickens,the most common agricultural animals worldwide,to determine the genetic and molecular mechanisms of negative heterosis.Results:We performed reciprocal crossing experiments with two distinct chicken lines and found that the body weight presented widely negative heterosis in the early growth of chickens.Negative heterosis of carcass traits was more common than positive heterosis,especially breast muscle mass,which was over−40%in reciprocal progenies.Genome-wide gene expression pattern analyses of breast muscle tissues revealed that nonadditivity,including dominance and overdominace,was the major gene inheritance pattern.Nonadditive genes,including a substantial number of genes encoding ATPase and NADH dehydrogenase,accounted for more than 68%of differentially expressed genes in reciprocal crosses(4257 of 5587 and 3617 of 5243,respectively).Moreover,nonadditive genes were significantly associated with the biological process of oxidative phosphorylation,which is the major metabolic pathway for energy release and animal growth and development.The detection of ATP content and ATPase activity for purebred and crossbred progenies further confirmed that chickens with lower muscle yield had lower ATP concentrations but higher hydrolysis activity,which supported the important role of oxidative phosphorylation in negative heterosis for growth traits in chickens.Conclusions:These findings revealed that nonadditive genes and their related oxidative phosphorylation were the major genetic and molecular factors in the negative heterosis of growth in chickens,which would be beneficial to future breeding strategies.
基金financially supported by the grant from the National Plant Transgenic Program(No.2013ZX08003-003)from Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China
文摘Auxin plays important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development （Zhao, 2010）. In Arabidopsis, a number of YUCCA （YUC） genes, which are involved in auxin biosyn- thesis, have been identified （Zhao et al., 2001; Woodward et al., 2005; Cheng et al., 2006, 2007; Kim et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2014）. YUC genes encode flavin monooxygenases （FMOs） that convert indole-3-pyruvate （IPA） to indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） （Zhao, 2012）. The Arabidopsis YUC family is comprised of 11 members （Zhao et al., 2001;
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170497)
文摘The cytokines of acute leukemia （AL） patients have certain expression patterns, forming a complex network involved in diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. We collected the serum of different AL patients before and after complete remission （CR） for detection of cytokines by using an antibody chip. The expression patterns of cytokines were determined by using bioinformatics computational analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the cytokine expression patterns between AL patients and normal controls, as well as between acute myeloid leukemia （AML） and acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL）. In confirmatory test, ELISA revealed the expression of uPAR in AL. Moreover, the bioinformatic analysis showed that the differentially expressed cytokines among the AL groups were involved in different biological behaviors and were closely related with the development of the disease. It was concluded that the cytokine expression pattern of AL patients is significantly different from that of healthy volunteers. Also, differences of cytokine expression patterns exist between AML and ALL, and between before and after CR in the same subtype of AL, which holds important clinical significance for revealing disease progression.
