Pyruvate, a final metabolite of glycogen, is widely distributed over many kinds of tissue fluids of human bodys. The determination for its contents is of clinical importance in gynaecology. Titrimetry, colorimetry and...Pyruvate, a final metabolite of glycogen, is widely distributed over many kinds of tissue fluids of human bodys. The determination for its contents is of clinical importance in gynaecology. Titrimetry, colorimetry and chromatography are common used methods. In recent years, enzymatic mthod has proved to be one of the most important determination techniques for its simplicity and fastness. However, in some cases, the use of purified enzymes as biocatalysts yields systems with a short useful lifetime owing, to enzyme instability A tiss展开更多
Endothelial keratoplasty(EK)is defined as an umbrella term comprising methods for selective surgical replacement of corneal endothelium and adjacent corneal tissue,which retains healthy portions of a patient's cor...Endothelial keratoplasty(EK)is defined as an umbrella term comprising methods for selective surgical replacement of corneal endothelium and adjacent corneal tissue,which retains healthy portions of a patient's cornea while replacing diseased innermost corneal layer(s)with healthy donor tissue,to achieve corneal dehydration and transparency before the onset of irreversible stromal edema and permanent loss of corneal clarity.Recently,the pathophysiology of corneal decompensation is increasingly being researched upon.Consequent improvement in pharmacotherapy is progressively leading to reduction in the indications of EK.In addition,EK techniques have progressed towards using thinner tissue,optimizing visual outcomes.Improvements have enabled better donor tissue formulation,usage,and attachment,and surgical modifications have enhanced the tissue utilization in difficult clinical scenarios lowering failure and rejection.However,challenges are encountered in various complex clinical scenarios in-cluding eyes with prior intraocular surgery,complex anterior chamber anatomy,glaucoma,ocular surface disease etc.These complexities demand tailored surgical strategies,including modifications in graft handling,instru-mentation,and postoperative management to ensure success.Attention to these details and addressing patient-specific factors can help improve outcomes in these difficult cases.The choice of procedure depends on multiple factors,including the surgeon's experience,patient's ocular anatomy,and the specific clinical scenario.This review article encompasses the recent developments in this field presenting a comprehensive picture of our modern understanding of the indications,contraindications,surgical techniques,clinical situations,community aspects and future directions pertaining to EK.展开更多
BACKGROUND Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum that can invade the central nervous system,causing encephalitis.Few cases of anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis(AE)secon...BACKGROUND Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum that can invade the central nervous system,causing encephalitis.Few cases of anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis(AE)secondary to neurosyphilis have been reported.We report a neurosyphilis patient with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor(GABABR)AE.CASE SUMMARY A young man in his 30s who presented with acute epileptic status was admitted to a local hospital.He was diagnosed with neurosyphilis,according to serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)tests for syphilis.After 14 d of antiepileptic treatment and anti-Treponema pallidum therapy with penicillin,epilepsy was controlled but serious cognitive impairment,behavioral,and serious psychiatric symptoms were observed.He was then transferred to our hospital.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)crude test results showed only 2 points.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant cerebral atrophy and multiple fluidattenuated inversion recovery high signals in the white matter surrounding both lateral ventricles,left amygdala and bilateral thalami.Anti-GABABR antibodies were discovered in CSF(1:3.2)and serum(1:100).The patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis complicated by anti-GABABR AE,and received methylprednisolone and penicillin.Following treatment,his mental symptoms were alleviated.Cognitive impairment was significantly improved,with a MMSE of 8 points.Serum anti-GABABR antibody titer decreased to 1:32.The patient received methylprednisolone and penicillin after discharge.Three months later,the patient’s condition was stable,but the serum anti-GABABR antibody titer was 1:100.CONCLUSION This patient with neurosyphilis combined with anti-GABABR encephalitis benefited from immunotherapy.展开更多
The high incidence of gastric cancer (GC) and its consequent mortality rate severely threaten human health. GC is frequently not diagnosed until a relatively advanced stage. Surgery is the only potentially curative tr...The high incidence of gastric cancer (GC) and its consequent mortality rate severely threaten human health. GC is frequently not diagnosed until a relatively advanced stage. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment. Thus, early screening and diagnosis are critical for improving prognoses in patients with GC. Gastroscopy with biopsy is an appropriate method capable of aiding the diagnosis of specific early GC tumor types; however, the stress caused by this method together with it being excessively expensive makes it difficult to use it as a routine method for screening for GC on a population basis. The currently used tumor marker assays for detecting GC are simple and rapid, but their use is limited by their low sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, several markers have been identified and tested for their clinical relevance in the management of GC. Here, we review the serum-based tumor markers for GC and their clinical significance, focusing on discoveries from microarray/proteomics research. We also review tissue-based GC tumor markers and their clinical application, focusing on discoveries from immunohistochemical research. This review provides a brief description of various tumor markers for the purposes of diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics, and we include markers already in clinical practice and various forthcoming biomarkers.展开更多
Presented in this paper is a biosensor constructed for the determination of neurotransmitters. It is an eggplant-banana-tissue-based carbon paste microelectrode. As oxidative enzymes in banana tissue can bio-catalytic...Presented in this paper is a biosensor constructed for the determination of neurotransmitters. It is an eggplant-banana-tissue-based carbon paste microelectrode. As oxidative enzymes in banana tissue can bio-catalytically oxidize dopamine (DA), norepinephrine(NE), L-dopa, etc, the biosensor's sensitivity is improved. Because of the ability of eggplant tissue to eliminate the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA), the signal of AA is a steady-state response. and thereby the selectivity of the biosensor is enhanced. The effect of experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, ratio of two plant tissues, response time, and linear range were evaluated in order to optimize the analytical performance. The detection limit for DA is 3. 2 × 10-7 mol/L.Our results showed that the idea of multienzyme system is applicable to the plant tissue-based carbon paste microelectrodes.展开更多
<em>L. donovani</em> infections (visceral and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniases) are characterized by infection-induced reversible immune suppression. Autoimmunity is a well-documented phenomenon among p...<em>L. donovani</em> infections (visceral and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniases) are characterized by infection-induced reversible immune suppression. Autoimmunity is a well-documented phenomenon among patients with primary immune deficiencies. This study aimed to study auto-immune phenomena accompanying <em>L. donovani</em> infections. In a prospective case-controlled study and following informed consent, 155 individuals with visceral leishmaniasis (VL;<em>n</em> = 62), post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL;<em>n</em> = 31) and apparently healthy volunteers (<em>n</em> = 62) were recruited. Sera antinuclear (ANA), anti-dsDNA, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), anti-smooth muscles (ASMA) and F-actin auto-antibodies were measured using ELISA and indirect immune-fluorescence assay. The mean ages of VL, PDKL patients and apparently healthy volunteers were: 17.5 ± 12.5, 15.0 ± 7.0 and 17.5 ± 9.5 years with Male:Female ratios of 2:0, 1:2 and 1:5 respectively. Significantly high frequencies of F-actin (74.2%;46/62) and ASMA (50%;31/62) auto-antibodies were seen among VL patients (<strong><em>p</em> = 0.003</strong>, <strong><em>p</em> = 0.001</strong>) compared to apparently healthy volunteers. Likewise, significantly high frequencies of F-actin (64.5%;20/31;<strong><em>p</em> = 0.001</strong>), ASMA (42%;13/31;<strong><em>p</em> = 0.003</strong>), ANA (36%;11/31;<strong><em>p</em> = 0.00</strong><strong>1</strong>) and anti-dsDNA (16%;5/31;<strong><em>p</em> = 0.01</strong>) auto-antibodies were seen among PKDL patients. Development of tissue-based autoantibodies in <em>L. donovani</em> infections probably indicates loss of peripheral tolerance with activation of circulating auto-reactive T and B cells probably contributing to disease pathogenesis (increased bilirubin/liver enzymes, prolonged QT interval/arrythmias and blood cytopenias). In conclusion, <em>L. donovani</em> infection-induced immune suppression with development of tissue-based auto-antibodies is prevalent among Sudanese patients with VL and PKDL leishmaniases and contributes to some aspects of the disease pathogenesis.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Pyruvate, a final metabolite of glycogen, is widely distributed over many kinds of tissue fluids of human bodys. The determination for its contents is of clinical importance in gynaecology. Titrimetry, colorimetry and chromatography are common used methods. In recent years, enzymatic mthod has proved to be one of the most important determination techniques for its simplicity and fastness. However, in some cases, the use of purified enzymes as biocatalysts yields systems with a short useful lifetime owing, to enzyme instability A tiss
文摘Endothelial keratoplasty(EK)is defined as an umbrella term comprising methods for selective surgical replacement of corneal endothelium and adjacent corneal tissue,which retains healthy portions of a patient's cornea while replacing diseased innermost corneal layer(s)with healthy donor tissue,to achieve corneal dehydration and transparency before the onset of irreversible stromal edema and permanent loss of corneal clarity.Recently,the pathophysiology of corneal decompensation is increasingly being researched upon.Consequent improvement in pharmacotherapy is progressively leading to reduction in the indications of EK.In addition,EK techniques have progressed towards using thinner tissue,optimizing visual outcomes.Improvements have enabled better donor tissue formulation,usage,and attachment,and surgical modifications have enhanced the tissue utilization in difficult clinical scenarios lowering failure and rejection.However,challenges are encountered in various complex clinical scenarios in-cluding eyes with prior intraocular surgery,complex anterior chamber anatomy,glaucoma,ocular surface disease etc.These complexities demand tailored surgical strategies,including modifications in graft handling,instru-mentation,and postoperative management to ensure success.Attention to these details and addressing patient-specific factors can help improve outcomes in these difficult cases.The choice of procedure depends on multiple factors,including the surgeon's experience,patient's ocular anatomy,and the specific clinical scenario.This review article encompasses the recent developments in this field presenting a comprehensive picture of our modern understanding of the indications,contraindications,surgical techniques,clinical situations,community aspects and future directions pertaining to EK.
文摘BACKGROUND Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum that can invade the central nervous system,causing encephalitis.Few cases of anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis(AE)secondary to neurosyphilis have been reported.We report a neurosyphilis patient with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor(GABABR)AE.CASE SUMMARY A young man in his 30s who presented with acute epileptic status was admitted to a local hospital.He was diagnosed with neurosyphilis,according to serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)tests for syphilis.After 14 d of antiepileptic treatment and anti-Treponema pallidum therapy with penicillin,epilepsy was controlled but serious cognitive impairment,behavioral,and serious psychiatric symptoms were observed.He was then transferred to our hospital.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)crude test results showed only 2 points.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant cerebral atrophy and multiple fluidattenuated inversion recovery high signals in the white matter surrounding both lateral ventricles,left amygdala and bilateral thalami.Anti-GABABR antibodies were discovered in CSF(1:3.2)and serum(1:100).The patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis complicated by anti-GABABR AE,and received methylprednisolone and penicillin.Following treatment,his mental symptoms were alleviated.Cognitive impairment was significantly improved,with a MMSE of 8 points.Serum anti-GABABR antibody titer decreased to 1:32.The patient received methylprednisolone and penicillin after discharge.Three months later,the patient’s condition was stable,but the serum anti-GABABR antibody titer was 1:100.CONCLUSION This patient with neurosyphilis combined with anti-GABABR encephalitis benefited from immunotherapy.
基金Supported by Grants from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,Taoyuan,Taiwan,No.CMRPF1C0151 and No.CMRPG6D0011
文摘The high incidence of gastric cancer (GC) and its consequent mortality rate severely threaten human health. GC is frequently not diagnosed until a relatively advanced stage. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment. Thus, early screening and diagnosis are critical for improving prognoses in patients with GC. Gastroscopy with biopsy is an appropriate method capable of aiding the diagnosis of specific early GC tumor types; however, the stress caused by this method together with it being excessively expensive makes it difficult to use it as a routine method for screening for GC on a population basis. The currently used tumor marker assays for detecting GC are simple and rapid, but their use is limited by their low sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, several markers have been identified and tested for their clinical relevance in the management of GC. Here, we review the serum-based tumor markers for GC and their clinical significance, focusing on discoveries from microarray/proteomics research. We also review tissue-based GC tumor markers and their clinical application, focusing on discoveries from immunohistochemical research. This review provides a brief description of various tumor markers for the purposes of diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics, and we include markers already in clinical practice and various forthcoming biomarkers.
文摘Presented in this paper is a biosensor constructed for the determination of neurotransmitters. It is an eggplant-banana-tissue-based carbon paste microelectrode. As oxidative enzymes in banana tissue can bio-catalytically oxidize dopamine (DA), norepinephrine(NE), L-dopa, etc, the biosensor's sensitivity is improved. Because of the ability of eggplant tissue to eliminate the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA), the signal of AA is a steady-state response. and thereby the selectivity of the biosensor is enhanced. The effect of experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, ratio of two plant tissues, response time, and linear range were evaluated in order to optimize the analytical performance. The detection limit for DA is 3. 2 × 10-7 mol/L.Our results showed that the idea of multienzyme system is applicable to the plant tissue-based carbon paste microelectrodes.
文摘<em>L. donovani</em> infections (visceral and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniases) are characterized by infection-induced reversible immune suppression. Autoimmunity is a well-documented phenomenon among patients with primary immune deficiencies. This study aimed to study auto-immune phenomena accompanying <em>L. donovani</em> infections. In a prospective case-controlled study and following informed consent, 155 individuals with visceral leishmaniasis (VL;<em>n</em> = 62), post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL;<em>n</em> = 31) and apparently healthy volunteers (<em>n</em> = 62) were recruited. Sera antinuclear (ANA), anti-dsDNA, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), anti-smooth muscles (ASMA) and F-actin auto-antibodies were measured using ELISA and indirect immune-fluorescence assay. The mean ages of VL, PDKL patients and apparently healthy volunteers were: 17.5 ± 12.5, 15.0 ± 7.0 and 17.5 ± 9.5 years with Male:Female ratios of 2:0, 1:2 and 1:5 respectively. Significantly high frequencies of F-actin (74.2%;46/62) and ASMA (50%;31/62) auto-antibodies were seen among VL patients (<strong><em>p</em> = 0.003</strong>, <strong><em>p</em> = 0.001</strong>) compared to apparently healthy volunteers. Likewise, significantly high frequencies of F-actin (64.5%;20/31;<strong><em>p</em> = 0.001</strong>), ASMA (42%;13/31;<strong><em>p</em> = 0.003</strong>), ANA (36%;11/31;<strong><em>p</em> = 0.00</strong><strong>1</strong>) and anti-dsDNA (16%;5/31;<strong><em>p</em> = 0.01</strong>) auto-antibodies were seen among PKDL patients. Development of tissue-based autoantibodies in <em>L. donovani</em> infections probably indicates loss of peripheral tolerance with activation of circulating auto-reactive T and B cells probably contributing to disease pathogenesis (increased bilirubin/liver enzymes, prolonged QT interval/arrythmias and blood cytopenias). In conclusion, <em>L. donovani</em> infection-induced immune suppression with development of tissue-based auto-antibodies is prevalent among Sudanese patients with VL and PKDL leishmaniases and contributes to some aspects of the disease pathogenesis.
