The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process th...The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process that leads to a significant deterioration of non-uniformity when scaling up to larger areas.Since the performance of gaseous detectors is highly dependent on the choice of working gas,optimizing the gas mixture offers a promising solution to improve the uniformity performance.This paper addresses these challenges through a combined approach of simulation based on Garfield++and experimental studies.The simulation investigates the properties of different mixing fractions of gas mixtures and their impact on detector performance,including gain uniformity and time resolution.To verify the simulation results,experimental tests were conducted using a multi-channel PICOSEC MM prototype with different gas mixtures.The experimental results are consistent with the findings of the simulation,indicating that a higher concentration of neon significantly improves the detector’s gain uniformity.Furthermore,the influence of gas mixtures on time resolution was explored as a critical performance indicator.The study presented in this paper offers valuable insights for improving uniformity in large-area PICOSEC MM detectors and optimizing overall performance.展开更多
In this article,we discussed the article by Sohail et al,published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.This study highlights the benefits of performing cholecystectomy(CCY)during the s...In this article,we discussed the article by Sohail et al,published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.This study highlights the benefits of performing cholecystectomy(CCY)during the same hospitalization for patients with acute cholangitis(AC)associated with gallstones.Specifically,same-admission CCY is associated with significantly lower 30-day readmission rates compared with interval CCY.Furthermore,it has been associated with reduced mortality rates and reduced recurrence of biliary symptoms.Despite these advantages,the procedure is chosen in only a minority of eligible patients.This gap between evidence and practice highlights the need for updated clinical guidelines and further research to optimize the timing of CCY in the management of AC.展开更多
Over more than a decade of development,medium to deep shale gas reservoirs have faced rapid production declines,making sustained output challenging.To harness remaining reserves effectively,advanced fracturing techniq...Over more than a decade of development,medium to deep shale gas reservoirs have faced rapid production declines,making sustained output challenging.To harness remaining reserves effectively,advanced fracturing techniques such as infill drilling are essential.This study develops a complex fracture network model for dual horizontal wells and a four-dimensional in-situ stress evolution model,grounded in elastic porous media theory.These models simulate and analyze the evolution of formation pore pressure and in-situ stress during production.The investigation focuses on the influence of infill well fracturing timing on fracture propagation patterns,individual well productivity,and the overall productivity of well clusters.The findings reveal that,at infill well locations,the maximum horizontal principal stress undergoes the most significant reduction,while changes in the minimum horizontal principal stress and vertical stress remain minimal.The horizontal stress surrounding the infill well may reorient,potentially transitioning the stress regime from strike-slip to normal faulting.Delays in infill well fracturing increase lateral fracture deflection and diminish fracture propagation between wells.Considering the stable production phase and cumulative gas output of the well group,the study identifies an optimal timing for infill fracturing.Notably,larger well spacing shifts the optimal timing to a later stage.展开更多
Anti-aliasing spectrum analysis is essential for rotor blade condition monitoring based on Blade Tip Timing(BTT).The Multiple Signal Classification(MUSIC)algorithm,which exploits the orthogonality between signal and n...Anti-aliasing spectrum analysis is essential for rotor blade condition monitoring based on Blade Tip Timing(BTT).The Multiple Signal Classification(MUSIC)algorithm,which exploits the orthogonality between signal and noise subspaces,has been successfully applied for this purpose.However,conventional subspace selection methods relying on fixed thresholds are sensitive to variations in large eigenvalues.Furthermore,the complex disturbances during rotor operation and measurement complicate the identification of blade vibration characteristics.To overcome these challenges,this paper proposes Adaptive Subspace Separation(ASS)and Local Spectral Centroid(LSC)methods to improve the adaptability of subspace selection and the stability of frequency identification,respectively.The impacts of overestimating and underestimating the subspace dimensions on MUSIC's performance are derived mathematically.Simulation and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed approaches:ASS offers more accurate and stable subspace dimension selection and tracking,while LSC reduces the standard deviation of estimated frequencies by 30 percent.展开更多
The melting of seasonal sea ice in Antarctica plays a pivotal role in the region’s carbon cycle,influencing global carbon storage and the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the ocean.However,the impact of ...The melting of seasonal sea ice in Antarctica plays a pivotal role in the region’s carbon cycle,influencing global carbon storage and the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the ocean.However,the impact of variability in the timing of seasonal sea ice retreat on the flux and composition of sinking particulate matter remains to be elucidated.In this study,we deployed sediment traps in Prydz Bay during the austral summers of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021,noting that sea ice melting occurred approximately one and a half months earlier in the former summer compared to the latter.We analyzed sediment trap data,which included total mass flux(TMF),particulate organic carbon(POC),biogenic silica(BSi),particulate inorganic carbon,and lithogenic particle(Litho)fluxes,as well as the stable isotopesδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N of particulate organic matter(POM).Additionally,we incorporated remote sensing data on sea ice concentration and chlorophyll a.This dramatic delay in sea ice melting timing could result in a significant increase in TMF,BSi and POC fluxes in the summer of 2020/2021 compared to 2019/2020.Elevated BSi fluxes and more ^(13)C-depleted POC in the austral summer of 2020/2021 suggest that the delayed melting of sea ice may have stimulated the productivity of centric diatoms.Furthermore,the higher BSi/POC ratio and more negativeδ^(15)N values of POM,along with a reduced presence of krill in the traps,indicate a diminished grazing pressure from zooplankton,which collectively enhanced the sedimentation efficiency of POC during the austral summer of 2020/2021.These findings highlight the critical role of sea ice melting timing in regulating productivity,flux and composition of sinking particulate matter in the Prydz Bay ecosystem,with significant implications for carbon cycling in polar oceans.展开更多
Laser frequency microcombs provide a series of equidistant,coherent frequency markers across a broad spectrum,enabling advancements in laser spectroscopy,dense optical communications,precision distance metrology,and a...Laser frequency microcombs provide a series of equidistant,coherent frequency markers across a broad spectrum,enabling advancements in laser spectroscopy,dense optical communications,precision distance metrology,and astronomy.Here,we design and fabricate silicon nitride,dispersion-managed microresonators that effectively suppress avoided-mode crossings and achieve close-to-zero averaged dispersion.Both the stochastic noise and mode-locking dynamics of the resonator are numerically and experimentally investigated.First,we experimentally demonstrate thermally stabilized microcomb formation in the microresonator across different mode-locked states,showing negligible center frequency shifts and a broad frequency bandwidth.Next,we characterize the femtosecond timing jitter of the microcombs,supported by precise metrology of the timing phase and relative intensity noise.For the single-soliton state,we report a relative intensity noise of−153.2 dB∕Hz,close to the shot-noise limit,and a quantum-noise–limited timing jitter power spectral density of 0.4 as 2∕Hz at a 100 kHz offset frequency,measured using a self-heterodyne linear interferometer.In addition,we achieve an integrated timing jitter of 1.7 fs±0.07 fs,measured from 10 kHz to 1 MHz.Measuring and understanding these fundamental noise parameters in high clock rate frequency microcombs is critical for advancing soliton physics and enabling new applications in precision metrology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bile duct leaks(BDLs)are serious postsurgical adverse events.Typically,conservative management with ab-dominal drainage is the initial treatment option.However,prolonged abdominal drainage without improveme...BACKGROUND Bile duct leaks(BDLs)are serious postsurgical adverse events.Typically,conservative management with ab-dominal drainage is the initial treatment option.However,prolonged abdominal drainage without improvement can lead to biliary stricture and delay the optimal timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).AIM To identify the optimal timing for ERCP and the period during which clinical observation with conservative management is acceptable,balancing ERCP success and the risk of biliary strictures.METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving 448 patients with BDLs between November 2002 and November 2022.The patients were divided into four groups based on the timing of ERCP:3 days,7 days,14 days,and 21 days.The primary outcome was clinical success,defined as the resolution of BDL and related symptoms within 6 months without additional percutaneous drainage,surgery,or death.The secondary outcome was incidence of biliary strictures.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ERCP success and biliary stricture occurrence.RESULTS In a cohort of 448 consecutive patients diagnosed with BDLs,354 were excluded,leaving 94 patients who underwent ERCP.Clinical success was achieved in 84%of cases(79/94),with a median ERCP timing of 20 days(9.5-35.3 days).Biliary strictures were identified in 29(30.9%)patients.Performing ERCP within 3 weeks,compared to after 3 weeks,was associated with higher success rates[92.0%(46/50)vs 75.0%(33/44),P=0.032]and a lower incidence of biliary stricture incidence[18.0%(9/50)vs 45.5%(20/44),P=0.005].Subsequent multivariate analysis confirmed the association with higher success rates(odds ratio=4.168,P=0.045)and lower biliary stricture rates(odds ratio=0.256,P=0.007).CONCLUSION Performing ERCP for BDLs within 3 weeks may be associated with a higher success rate and a lower biliary stricture rate.If patients with BDLs do not respond to conservative treatment,ERCP is suggested to be performed within 3 weeks.展开更多
Background:Rehabilitation typically restores shoulder function after a common rotator cuff repair;however,it is unclear when to initiate physical therapy(PT)post-surgery.To understand effective start times,this study ...Background:Rehabilitation typically restores shoulder function after a common rotator cuff repair;however,it is unclear when to initiate physical therapy(PT)post-surgery.To understand effective start times,this study analyzed PT start times and their effect on shoulder function.The most effective shoulder outcomes were hypothesized to occur when PT started 0-4 weeks post-surgery.Methods:Data from 1002 patients who underwent rotator cuff repair were analyzed retrospectively from 52 outpatient clinics in the years of 2016-2021.The primary data of timings between surgery and the start of PT(0-2 weeks[0-14 days],2-4 weeks[15-28 days],4-6 weeks[29-42 days],and 6-14 weeks[43-100 days]),change in functional shoulder scores,number of PT visits utilized,and functional scores changed per visit were analyzed.Regression analyses of the impact of age,sex,payor source,and tear size were completed.Results:The change in functional scores and functional scores changed per visit are not affected by the initiation timing of PT postrotator cuff surgery,when controlling for baseline functional scores.This result is revealed despite initial functional scores being significantly different.Functional scores change per visit may have been affected by payor source(R^(2)=0.004,p≤0.010).PT start times may have been impacted by age(R^(2)=0.010,p=0.007),payor source(R^(2)=0.016,p=0.001),and tear size(R^(2)=0.007,p=0.026).Payor source may have influenced the number of PT visits(R^(2)=0.060,p<0.001).Conclusions:After rotator cuff surgery,patients should choose to complete rehabilitation to optimize shoulder function.However,the initiation timing of PT may not affect functional shoulder outcomes.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the optimal timing and therapeutic effects of cataract surgery in patients with moderate to severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:Data from TAO patients who underwent cataract surger...AIM:To investigate the optimal timing and therapeutic effects of cataract surgery in patients with moderate to severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:Data from TAO patients who underwent cataract surgery between 2014 and 2024 were analyzed.patients were categorized into two groups based on the hospital where their cataract surgery was performed:an external hospital surgery group and an in-house hospital surgery group.Patients in external hospital presenting with complications within six months postoperatively were assessed for clinical features,imaging,thyroid function,and outcomes.Patients who underwent surgery at West China Hospital were evaluated for clinical status,imaging,laboratory findings,and manifestations.RESULTS:In the external hospital group(n=31),common symptoms included eyelid swelling(64.52%)and diplopia(51.61%),with restricted eye movement in all patients.Most patients were in the active stage(87.10%)and exhibited various complications,such as dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)in 4 patients,misdiagnosis of glaucoma in 1 patient,and enucleation due to fungal infection in 1 patient.In the West China Hospital group(n=30),2 patients were in the active stage,and 28 were in the inactive stage.Postoperative visual acuity improved in 36 eyes,except for in 2 eyes with DON.Active TAO patients with mature cataracts had effective inflammation control and no complications at the 6-month follow-up.CONCLUSION:In patients with moderate to severe active TAO complicated by cataracts,delaying cataract surgery until 6mo of TAO control should be considered if cataracts are stable.Simultaneous anti-inflammatory treatment and cataract surgery should be performed for mature/hypermature cataracts,and TAO management should be continued after surgery.展开更多
High-performance positioning,navigation and timing(PNT)service is critical to the safe flight of low-altitude aircraft and the effective management of low altitude traffic.In low-altitude economic sce-narios,the speci...High-performance positioning,navigation and timing(PNT)service is critical to the safe flight of low-altitude aircraft and the effective management of low altitude traffic.In low-altitude economic sce-narios,the specificity of massive unmanned aerial ve-hicle(UAV)flights and the complexity of low-altitude airspace traffic management impose stringent demand on the high-continuity,high-accuracy,real-time,and high-security PNT service.However,the current PNT service,which primarily relies on Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS),Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Inertial Navigation System(MEMS INS),etc.,is completely inadequate to support the future needs of low-altitude economic development.In order to bridge the huge gap between existing capability and future demand,a three-layer PNT architecture based on the collaboration of space-based,air-based and ground-based PNT systems is proposed for low-altitude econ-omy.The space-based layer consists of high,medium even possible low orbit GNSS constellations,such as BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),for high-precision,high-security absolute positioning and tim-ing.The air-based layer leverages inter-aircraft links for high-reliability dynamic relative positioning.The ground-based layer includes pseudolite network,as well as 5G-advanced(5G-A)/6G network,for more comprehensive coverage and real-time positioning.To this end,it is imperative to make breakthroughs in key technologies,from systems to airborne terminal,in-cluding but not limited to high-precision anti-jamming GNSS signal processing,high-reliability relative po-sitioning,real-time pseudolite positioning,and high-efficient multi-source information fusion at airborne terminal,etc.Due to the moderate redundancy,hetero-geneous mechanism,and multiple coverage from mul-tiple PNT systems,the proposed layered PNT archi-tecture possesses high robustness and resilient.Addi-tionally,the integration of INS,LiDAR and vision etc.perception technologies can significantly enhance the PNT capability.As a result,the proposed three-layer PNT architecture enable greater autonomy for low-altitude aircraft and intelligent traffic management for massive UAV operations,and promoting the safe and efficient development of the low-altitude economy.展开更多
BACKGROUND The comprehension and utilization of timing theory and behavior change can offer a more extensive and individualized provision of support and treatment alternatives for primipara.This has the potential to e...BACKGROUND The comprehension and utilization of timing theory and behavior change can offer a more extensive and individualized provision of support and treatment alternatives for primipara.This has the potential to enhance the psychological well-being and overall quality of life for primipara,while also furnishing healthcare providers with efficacious interventions to tackle the psychological and physiological obstacles encountered during the stages of pregnancy and postpartum.AIM To explore the effect of timing theory combined with behavior change on selfefficacy,negative emotions and quality of life in patients with primipara.METHODS A total of 80 primipara cases were selected and admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and May 2022.These cases were divided into two groups,namely the observation group and the control group,with 40 cases in each group.The nursing interventions differed between the two groups,with the control group receiving routine nursing and the observation group receiving integrated nursing based on the timing theory and behavior change.The study aimed to compare the pre-and post-nursing scores of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),breast milk knowledge,self-efficacy,and SF-36 quality of life in both groups.RESULTS After nursing,the CPSS,EPDS,and SAS scores of the two groups was significantly lower than that before nursing,and the CPSS,EPDS,and SAS scores of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P=0.002,P=0.011,and P=0.001 respectively).After nursing,the breastfeeding knowledge mastery,selfefficacy,and SF-36 quality of life scores was significantly higher than that before nursing,and the breastfeeding knowledge mastery(P=0.013),self-efficacy(P=0.008),and SF-36 quality of life(P=0.011)scores of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.CONCLUSION The integration of timing theory and behavior change integrated theory has been found to be an effective approach in alleviating negative mood and stress experienced by primipara individuals,while also enhancing their selfefficacy and overall quality of life.This study focuses on the key concepts of timing theory,behavior change,primipara individuals,negative mood,and quality of life.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-surgical methods such as percutaneous drainage are crucial for the treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).However,there is still an ongoing debate regarding the optimal timing for abd...BACKGROUND Non-surgical methods such as percutaneous drainage are crucial for the treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).However,there is still an ongoing debate regarding the optimal timing for abdominal paracentesis catheter place-ment and drainage.AIM To explore the influence of different timing for abdominal paracentesis catheter placement and drainage in SAP complicated by intra-abdominal fluid accumu-lation.METHODS Using a retrospective approach,184 cases of SAP complicated by intra-abdominal fluid accumulation were enrolled and categorized into three groups based on the timing of catheter placement:group A(catheter placement within 2 d of symptom onset,n=89),group B(catheter placement between days 3 and 5 after symptom onset,n=55),and group C(catheter placement between days 6 and 7 after symptom onset,n=40).The differences in progression rate,mortality rate,and the number of cases with organ dysfunction were compared among the three groups.RESULTS The progression rate of group A was significantly lower than those in groups B and groups C(2.25%vs 21.82%and 32.50%,P<0.05).Further,the proportion of patients with at least one organ dysfunction in group A was significantly lower than those in groups B and groups C(41.57%vs 70.91%and 75.00%,P<0.05).The mortality rates in group A,group B,and group C were similar(P>0.05).At postoperative day 3,the levels of C-reactive protein(55.41±19.32 mg/L vs 82.25±20.41 mg/L and 88.65±19.14 mg/L,P<0.05),procalcitonin(1.36±0.51 ng/mL vs 3.20±0.97 ng/mL and 3.41±0.98 ng/mL,P<0.05),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(15.12±6.63 pg/L vs 22.26±9.96 pg/L and 23.39±9.12 pg/L,P<0.05),interleukin-6(332.14±90.16 ng/L vs 412.20±88.50 ng/L and 420.08±87.65ng/L,P<0.05),interleukin-8(415.54±68.43 ng/L vs 505.80±66.90 ng/L and 510.43±68.23ng/L,P<0.05)and serum amyloid A(270.06±78.49 mg/L vs 344.41±81.96 mg/L and 350.60±80.42 mg/L,P<0.05)were significantly lower in group A compared to those in groups B and group C.The length of hospital stay in group A was significantly lower than those in groups B and group C(24.50±4.16 d vs 35.54±6.62 d and 38.89±7.10 d,P<0.05).The hospitalization expenses in group A were also significantly lower than those in groups B and groups C[2.70(1.20,3.55)ten-thousand-yuan vs 5.50(2.98,7.12)ten-thousand-yuan and 6.00(3.10,8.05)ten-thousand-yuan,P<0.05).The incidence of complications in group A was markedly lower than that in group C(5.62%vs 25.00%,P<0.05),and similar to group B(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Percutaneous catheter drainage for the treatment of SAP complicated by intra-abdominal fluid accumulation is most effective when performed within 2 d of onset.展开更多
BACKGROUND To date,the optimal timing for percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage(PTGBD),particularly for patients who have missed the optimal window for emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)(within 72 hou...BACKGROUND To date,the optimal timing for percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage(PTGBD),particularly for patients who have missed the optimal window for emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)(within 72 hours of symptom onset)has not been determined.AIM To study the effects of LC timing on outcomes of grade II/III acute cholecystitis(AC)in patients with delayed PTGBD.METHODS Data of patients diagnosed with Tokyo Guidelines 2018 grade II or III AC who underwent delayed PTGBD followed by LC at a single hospital between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively studied.According to the interval between gallbladder drainage and cholecystectomy,the patients were divided into early and delayed LC groups.Outcomes including surgery time,postoperative complications and hospital stay,and patient satisfaction were analyzed and compared between the two groups using t-andχ^(2) tests.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss,postoperative abdominal drainage tube placement time,pain index,or total disease duration(all P>0.05).Compared with those of the early LC group,the delayed group showed significant decreases in the length of procedure(surgery time),conversion rate to open surgery,degree of adhesions,surgical complications,postoperative hospital stay,and total treatment costs,and increased patient satisfaction despite a longer interval before PTGBD(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with grade II/III AC with delayed PTGBD,LC should be performed 2 weeks after PTGBD to decrease postoperative complications and hospital stays and improve patient satisfaction.展开更多
The Inner Mongolia mining area in western China are characterized by the development of numerous penetrating fissures,resulting in severe land damage.It is significant to reveal the underlying evolution mechanism and ...The Inner Mongolia mining area in western China are characterized by the development of numerous penetrating fissures,resulting in severe land damage.It is significant to reveal the underlying evolution mechanism and identify treatment timing for restoring the ecological environment.The Guanbanwusu mining subsidence area in Inner Mongolia,China was selected as the research case for this study.The evolution mechanism of different penetrating fissures was revealed by field measurement,physical simulation and theoretical analysis.The treatment timing prediction model for the mining subsidence area was established based on the enhanced Weibull time function.The results show that the ground fissures are mainly step-type and collapse-type fissures.The breaking form of overlying strata determines their vertical opening and horizontal dislocation.The high mining intensity in the western mining area results in a shortened period of dynamic fissure expansion and reduced closure degree.The damage extent of the overlying strata exhibits zoning characteristics both vertically and horizontally.The relative standard deviation of the prediction model is only 3.7%.Concurrently,the prediction model is employed to determine the optimal timing for treatment in the study area,estimated to be 259 days.Subsequently,once this threshold is reached,the study area undergoes treatment and restoration of its e cological environment.This study addresses the knowledge gap in this field by highlighting the interconnectedness between rock strata structure and evolution mechanism of penetrating fissures,thereby providing a method for determining the treatment timing in mining subsidence areas.展开更多
Meal timing plays a crucial role for cardiometabolic health,given the circadian regulation of cardiometabolic function.However,to the best of our knowledge,no concept of meal timing exists in traditional European medi...Meal timing plays a crucial role for cardiometabolic health,given the circadian regulation of cardiometabolic function.However,to the best of our knowledge,no concept of meal timing exists in traditional European medicine(TEM).Therefore,in this narrative review,we aim to define the optimal time slot for energy intake and optimal energy distribution throughout the day in a context of TEM and explore further implications.By reviewing literature published between 2002 and 2022,we found that optimal timing for energy intake may be between 06:00 and 09:00,12:00 and 14:00,and between 15:00 and18:00,with high energy breakfast,medium energy lunch and low energy dinner and possibly further adjustments according to one’s chronotype and genetics.Also,timing and distribution of energy intake may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to optimize coction,a concept describing digestion and metabolism in TEM.展开更多
Based on the elastic theory of porous media,embedded discrete fracture model and finite volume method,and considering the micro-seepage mechanism of shale gas,a fully coupled seepage-geomechanical model suitable for f...Based on the elastic theory of porous media,embedded discrete fracture model and finite volume method,and considering the micro-seepage mechanism of shale gas,a fully coupled seepage-geomechanical model suitable for fractured shale gas reservoirs is established,the optimization method of refracturing timing is proposed,and the influencing factors of refracturing timing are analyzed based on the data from shale gas well in Fuling of Sichuan Basin.The results show that due to the depletion of formation pressure,the percentage of the maximum horizontal principal stress reversal area in the total area increases and then decreases with time.The closer the area is to the hydraulic fracture,the shorter the time for the peak of the stress reversal area percentage curve to appear,and the shorter the time for the final zero return(to the initial state).The optimum time of refracturing is affected by matrix permeability,initial stress difference and natural fracture approach angle.The larger the matrix permeability and initial stress difference is,the shorter the time for stress reversal area percentage curve to reach peak and return to the initial state,and the earlier the time to take refracturing measures.The larger the natural fracture approach angle is,the more difficult it is for stress reversal to occur near the fracture,and the earlier the optimum refracturing time is.The more likely the stress reversal occurs at the far end of the artificial fracture,the later the optimal time of refracturing is.Reservoirs with low matrix permeability have a rapid decrease in single well productivity.To ensure economic efficiency,measures such as shut-in or gas injection can be taken to restore the stress,and refracturing can be implemented in advance.展开更多
The recent stochastic signal observed jointly by NANOGrav,parkes pulsar timing array,European pulsar timing array,and Chinese pulsar timing array can be accounted for by scalarinduced gravitational waves(SIGWs).The so...The recent stochastic signal observed jointly by NANOGrav,parkes pulsar timing array,European pulsar timing array,and Chinese pulsar timing array can be accounted for by scalarinduced gravitational waves(SIGWs).The source of the SIGWs is from the primordial curvature perturbations,and the main contribution to the SIGWs is from the peak of the primordial curvature power spectrum.To effectively model this peak,we apply the Taylor expansion to parameterize it.With the Taylor expansion parameterization,we apply Bayesian methods to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum based on the NANOGrav 15 year data set.The constraint on the primordial curvature power spectrum possesses a degree of generality,as the Taylor expansion can effectively approximate a wide range of function profiles.展开更多
Determining the timing of fracturing is crucial for understanding reservoir evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in foreland basins.Using fracturing data from cores,borehole images,and outcrops,combined with the clu...Determining the timing of fracturing is crucial for understanding reservoir evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in foreland basins.Using fracturing data from cores,borehole images,and outcrops,combined with the clumped isotope(D47)and fluid inclusion analyses of carbonate minerals filled in pores and fractures,this study ascertained the fracturing timing of the Jurassic reservoirs in the Dibei-Tuziluoke Gas Field,Kuqa Foreland Basin.Data from outcrops and borehole images show two dominant fracture sets in the study area:W-E and NE-SW striking fractures.Some W-E striking fractures are carbonate-filled,while NE-SW striking fractures lack mineral fillings.Bitumen veins,not easy to be identified in borehole images,are prevalent in cores.The petrographic analysis reveals that these bitumen veins formed before the calcite cementation in pores and display high viscosity and low maturity.Homogenization temperatures(T_(h))from primary fluid inclusion assemblages in two representative calcite vein samples were notably lower than T_(△47) values from corresponding samples.This suggests the △_(47) signature underwent alteration due to partial reordering during burial.Thus,△_(47)-derived temperatures(apparent temperatures)may not faithfully represent the mineral precipitation temperatures.When plotting these apparent temperatures vs.the burial history,only the possible latest ages of fracturing emerged.These ages were further refined by considering petroleum charging,tectonic evolution,and stress orientation.Bitumen-filled fractures likely resulted from the Late Cretaceous uplift,marking the migration of low-maturity hydrocarbons in the study area.Carbonate-filled E-W striking fractures emerged during the late Miocene(~13-6.5 Ma)alongside fold development.NE-striking fractures that crosscut W-E ones possibly formed recently due to stress reorientation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty at different surgical timings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)based on the theory of“dynamic-...Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty at different surgical timings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)based on the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.Methods:Patients with OVCF who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty in our hospital were selected and divided into Groups A,B,and C for those undergoing surgery within 7,7—21,and>21 days of fracture occurrence.The variations in the amount of bone cement injected,pre-and post-operative pain levels,functional activity,deformity correction of the injured vertebrae,bone cement leakage,and vertebral body height loss were compared among the three groups.Results:Regarding pain relief and functional activity,the postoperative Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores of the three groups significantly improved.Furthermore,the deformities of the injured vertebrae in the three groups were significantly corrected,with Groups A and B exhibiting superior correction compared to Group C.Moreover,the bone cement leakage rates in groups A and C were higher than that in Group B.At the 3-month follow-up,the loss of vertebral height in Group C was significantly higher than those in groups A and B.Conclusion:Kyphoplasty is effective for OVCF treatment.Early surgery can effectively restore the vertebral height of the injured vertebra,reduce kyphosis,and reduce height loss of the injured vertebra after surgery;nevertheless,treatment within 1—3 weeks of the fracture can reduce the occurrence of bone cement leakage,making the surgery safer.Therefore,surgical treatment within 1—3 weeks of fracture is safer and can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine,PKP surgery can transform the fracture end from a micromotion state to a fixed state,which fully embodies the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lei et al,with a specific focus on the timing of the initiation of the antifibrotic agent pirfenidone(PFD)in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)and its i...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lei et al,with a specific focus on the timing of the initiation of the antifibrotic agent pirfenidone(PFD)in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)and its impact on lung function of IPF patients.PFD is an antifibrotic agent that is widely used in the management of IPF in both early and advanced stages.It inhibits various pathways and has antifibrotic,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant properties.Despite dosage lowering,PFD slowed IPF progression and maintained functional capacity.The 6-min walk distance test indicated that patients tolerated adverse events well,and PFD significantly reduced the incidence of progression episodes and death.Even when a single disease-progression event occurred,continuing PFD treatment had benefits.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12125505).
文摘The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process that leads to a significant deterioration of non-uniformity when scaling up to larger areas.Since the performance of gaseous detectors is highly dependent on the choice of working gas,optimizing the gas mixture offers a promising solution to improve the uniformity performance.This paper addresses these challenges through a combined approach of simulation based on Garfield++and experimental studies.The simulation investigates the properties of different mixing fractions of gas mixtures and their impact on detector performance,including gain uniformity and time resolution.To verify the simulation results,experimental tests were conducted using a multi-channel PICOSEC MM prototype with different gas mixtures.The experimental results are consistent with the findings of the simulation,indicating that a higher concentration of neon significantly improves the detector’s gain uniformity.Furthermore,the influence of gas mixtures on time resolution was explored as a critical performance indicator.The study presented in this paper offers valuable insights for improving uniformity in large-area PICOSEC MM detectors and optimizing overall performance.
文摘In this article,we discussed the article by Sohail et al,published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.This study highlights the benefits of performing cholecystectomy(CCY)during the same hospitalization for patients with acute cholangitis(AC)associated with gallstones.Specifically,same-admission CCY is associated with significantly lower 30-day readmission rates compared with interval CCY.Furthermore,it has been associated with reduced mortality rates and reduced recurrence of biliary symptoms.Despite these advantages,the procedure is chosen in only a minority of eligible patients.This gap between evidence and practice highlights the need for updated clinical guidelines and further research to optimize the timing of CCY in the management of AC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374043)the Southwest Oil&Gas Field Branch in PetroChina(Grant No.JS2023-115)。
文摘Over more than a decade of development,medium to deep shale gas reservoirs have faced rapid production declines,making sustained output challenging.To harness remaining reserves effectively,advanced fracturing techniques such as infill drilling are essential.This study develops a complex fracture network model for dual horizontal wells and a four-dimensional in-situ stress evolution model,grounded in elastic porous media theory.These models simulate and analyze the evolution of formation pore pressure and in-situ stress during production.The investigation focuses on the influence of infill well fracturing timing on fracture propagation patterns,individual well productivity,and the overall productivity of well clusters.The findings reveal that,at infill well locations,the maximum horizontal principal stress undergoes the most significant reduction,while changes in the minimum horizontal principal stress and vertical stress remain minimal.The horizontal stress surrounding the infill well may reorient,potentially transitioning the stress regime from strike-slip to normal faulting.Delays in infill well fracturing increase lateral fracture deflection and diminish fracture propagation between wells.Considering the stable production phase and cumulative gas output of the well group,the study identifies an optimal timing for infill fracturing.Notably,larger well spacing shifts the optimal timing to a later stage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405088 and 92360306)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF,China(No.GZC20241446)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2024JC-YBMS-402)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(No.300102254102)the Foundation of Beilin District,China(No.GX2455)。
文摘Anti-aliasing spectrum analysis is essential for rotor blade condition monitoring based on Blade Tip Timing(BTT).The Multiple Signal Classification(MUSIC)algorithm,which exploits the orthogonality between signal and noise subspaces,has been successfully applied for this purpose.However,conventional subspace selection methods relying on fixed thresholds are sensitive to variations in large eigenvalues.Furthermore,the complex disturbances during rotor operation and measurement complicate the identification of blade vibration characteristics.To overcome these challenges,this paper proposes Adaptive Subspace Separation(ASS)and Local Spectral Centroid(LSC)methods to improve the adaptability of subspace selection and the stability of frequency identification,respectively.The impacts of overestimating and underestimating the subspace dimensions on MUSIC's performance are derived mathematically.Simulation and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed approaches:ASS offers more accurate and stable subspace dimension selection and tracking,while LSC reduces the standard deviation of estimated frequencies by 30 percent.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2022YFE0136500the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,under contract Nos JG2212 and JG2211+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42276255,41976228,and 42176227the National Polar Special Program“Impact and Response of Antarctic Seas to Climate Change”under contract Nos IRASCC 01-01-02 and IRASCC 02-02the China Scholarship Council under contract No.201704180017.
文摘The melting of seasonal sea ice in Antarctica plays a pivotal role in the region’s carbon cycle,influencing global carbon storage and the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the ocean.However,the impact of variability in the timing of seasonal sea ice retreat on the flux and composition of sinking particulate matter remains to be elucidated.In this study,we deployed sediment traps in Prydz Bay during the austral summers of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021,noting that sea ice melting occurred approximately one and a half months earlier in the former summer compared to the latter.We analyzed sediment trap data,which included total mass flux(TMF),particulate organic carbon(POC),biogenic silica(BSi),particulate inorganic carbon,and lithogenic particle(Litho)fluxes,as well as the stable isotopesδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N of particulate organic matter(POM).Additionally,we incorporated remote sensing data on sea ice concentration and chlorophyll a.This dramatic delay in sea ice melting timing could result in a significant increase in TMF,BSi and POC fluxes in the summer of 2020/2021 compared to 2019/2020.Elevated BSi fluxes and more ^(13)C-depleted POC in the austral summer of 2020/2021 suggest that the delayed melting of sea ice may have stimulated the productivity of centric diatoms.Furthermore,the higher BSi/POC ratio and more negativeδ^(15)N values of POM,along with a reduced presence of krill in the traps,indicate a diminished grazing pressure from zooplankton,which collectively enhanced the sedimentation efficiency of POC during the austral summer of 2020/2021.These findings highlight the critical role of sea ice melting timing in regulating productivity,flux and composition of sinking particulate matter in the Prydz Bay ecosystem,with significant implications for carbon cycling in polar oceans.
基金support from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(Grant No.B622827)the National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.1824568,1810506,1741707,and 1829071)the Office of Naval Research(Grant No.N00014-16-1-2094).
文摘Laser frequency microcombs provide a series of equidistant,coherent frequency markers across a broad spectrum,enabling advancements in laser spectroscopy,dense optical communications,precision distance metrology,and astronomy.Here,we design and fabricate silicon nitride,dispersion-managed microresonators that effectively suppress avoided-mode crossings and achieve close-to-zero averaged dispersion.Both the stochastic noise and mode-locking dynamics of the resonator are numerically and experimentally investigated.First,we experimentally demonstrate thermally stabilized microcomb formation in the microresonator across different mode-locked states,showing negligible center frequency shifts and a broad frequency bandwidth.Next,we characterize the femtosecond timing jitter of the microcombs,supported by precise metrology of the timing phase and relative intensity noise.For the single-soliton state,we report a relative intensity noise of−153.2 dB∕Hz,close to the shot-noise limit,and a quantum-noise–limited timing jitter power spectral density of 0.4 as 2∕Hz at a 100 kHz offset frequency,measured using a self-heterodyne linear interferometer.In addition,we achieve an integrated timing jitter of 1.7 fs±0.07 fs,measured from 10 kHz to 1 MHz.Measuring and understanding these fundamental noise parameters in high clock rate frequency microcombs is critical for advancing soliton physics and enabling new applications in precision metrology.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China,No.2022YFC2503603.
文摘BACKGROUND Bile duct leaks(BDLs)are serious postsurgical adverse events.Typically,conservative management with ab-dominal drainage is the initial treatment option.However,prolonged abdominal drainage without improvement can lead to biliary stricture and delay the optimal timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).AIM To identify the optimal timing for ERCP and the period during which clinical observation with conservative management is acceptable,balancing ERCP success and the risk of biliary strictures.METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving 448 patients with BDLs between November 2002 and November 2022.The patients were divided into four groups based on the timing of ERCP:3 days,7 days,14 days,and 21 days.The primary outcome was clinical success,defined as the resolution of BDL and related symptoms within 6 months without additional percutaneous drainage,surgery,or death.The secondary outcome was incidence of biliary strictures.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ERCP success and biliary stricture occurrence.RESULTS In a cohort of 448 consecutive patients diagnosed with BDLs,354 were excluded,leaving 94 patients who underwent ERCP.Clinical success was achieved in 84%of cases(79/94),with a median ERCP timing of 20 days(9.5-35.3 days).Biliary strictures were identified in 29(30.9%)patients.Performing ERCP within 3 weeks,compared to after 3 weeks,was associated with higher success rates[92.0%(46/50)vs 75.0%(33/44),P=0.032]and a lower incidence of biliary stricture incidence[18.0%(9/50)vs 45.5%(20/44),P=0.005].Subsequent multivariate analysis confirmed the association with higher success rates(odds ratio=4.168,P=0.045)and lower biliary stricture rates(odds ratio=0.256,P=0.007).CONCLUSION Performing ERCP for BDLs within 3 weeks may be associated with a higher success rate and a lower biliary stricture rate.If patients with BDLs do not respond to conservative treatment,ERCP is suggested to be performed within 3 weeks.
文摘Background:Rehabilitation typically restores shoulder function after a common rotator cuff repair;however,it is unclear when to initiate physical therapy(PT)post-surgery.To understand effective start times,this study analyzed PT start times and their effect on shoulder function.The most effective shoulder outcomes were hypothesized to occur when PT started 0-4 weeks post-surgery.Methods:Data from 1002 patients who underwent rotator cuff repair were analyzed retrospectively from 52 outpatient clinics in the years of 2016-2021.The primary data of timings between surgery and the start of PT(0-2 weeks[0-14 days],2-4 weeks[15-28 days],4-6 weeks[29-42 days],and 6-14 weeks[43-100 days]),change in functional shoulder scores,number of PT visits utilized,and functional scores changed per visit were analyzed.Regression analyses of the impact of age,sex,payor source,and tear size were completed.Results:The change in functional scores and functional scores changed per visit are not affected by the initiation timing of PT postrotator cuff surgery,when controlling for baseline functional scores.This result is revealed despite initial functional scores being significantly different.Functional scores change per visit may have been affected by payor source(R^(2)=0.004,p≤0.010).PT start times may have been impacted by age(R^(2)=0.010,p=0.007),payor source(R^(2)=0.016,p=0.001),and tear size(R^(2)=0.007,p=0.026).Payor source may have influenced the number of PT visits(R^(2)=0.060,p<0.001).Conclusions:After rotator cuff surgery,patients should choose to complete rehabilitation to optimize shoulder function.However,the initiation timing of PT may not affect functional shoulder outcomes.
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022JDKP0010).
文摘AIM:To investigate the optimal timing and therapeutic effects of cataract surgery in patients with moderate to severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:Data from TAO patients who underwent cataract surgery between 2014 and 2024 were analyzed.patients were categorized into two groups based on the hospital where their cataract surgery was performed:an external hospital surgery group and an in-house hospital surgery group.Patients in external hospital presenting with complications within six months postoperatively were assessed for clinical features,imaging,thyroid function,and outcomes.Patients who underwent surgery at West China Hospital were evaluated for clinical status,imaging,laboratory findings,and manifestations.RESULTS:In the external hospital group(n=31),common symptoms included eyelid swelling(64.52%)and diplopia(51.61%),with restricted eye movement in all patients.Most patients were in the active stage(87.10%)and exhibited various complications,such as dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)in 4 patients,misdiagnosis of glaucoma in 1 patient,and enucleation due to fungal infection in 1 patient.In the West China Hospital group(n=30),2 patients were in the active stage,and 28 were in the inactive stage.Postoperative visual acuity improved in 36 eyes,except for in 2 eyes with DON.Active TAO patients with mature cataracts had effective inflammation control and no complications at the 6-month follow-up.CONCLUSION:In patients with moderate to severe active TAO complicated by cataracts,delaying cataract surgery until 6mo of TAO control should be considered if cataracts are stable.Simultaneous anti-inflammatory treatment and cataract surgery should be performed for mature/hypermature cataracts,and TAO management should be continued after surgery.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2021YFA0716600 and 2024ZD1300100in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 42274018,42425401,62371029,62271285 and U2233217.
文摘High-performance positioning,navigation and timing(PNT)service is critical to the safe flight of low-altitude aircraft and the effective management of low altitude traffic.In low-altitude economic sce-narios,the specificity of massive unmanned aerial ve-hicle(UAV)flights and the complexity of low-altitude airspace traffic management impose stringent demand on the high-continuity,high-accuracy,real-time,and high-security PNT service.However,the current PNT service,which primarily relies on Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS),Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Inertial Navigation System(MEMS INS),etc.,is completely inadequate to support the future needs of low-altitude economic development.In order to bridge the huge gap between existing capability and future demand,a three-layer PNT architecture based on the collaboration of space-based,air-based and ground-based PNT systems is proposed for low-altitude econ-omy.The space-based layer consists of high,medium even possible low orbit GNSS constellations,such as BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),for high-precision,high-security absolute positioning and tim-ing.The air-based layer leverages inter-aircraft links for high-reliability dynamic relative positioning.The ground-based layer includes pseudolite network,as well as 5G-advanced(5G-A)/6G network,for more comprehensive coverage and real-time positioning.To this end,it is imperative to make breakthroughs in key technologies,from systems to airborne terminal,in-cluding but not limited to high-precision anti-jamming GNSS signal processing,high-reliability relative po-sitioning,real-time pseudolite positioning,and high-efficient multi-source information fusion at airborne terminal,etc.Due to the moderate redundancy,hetero-geneous mechanism,and multiple coverage from mul-tiple PNT systems,the proposed layered PNT archi-tecture possesses high robustness and resilient.Addi-tionally,the integration of INS,LiDAR and vision etc.perception technologies can significantly enhance the PNT capability.As a result,the proposed three-layer PNT architecture enable greater autonomy for low-altitude aircraft and intelligent traffic management for massive UAV operations,and promoting the safe and efficient development of the low-altitude economy.
文摘BACKGROUND The comprehension and utilization of timing theory and behavior change can offer a more extensive and individualized provision of support and treatment alternatives for primipara.This has the potential to enhance the psychological well-being and overall quality of life for primipara,while also furnishing healthcare providers with efficacious interventions to tackle the psychological and physiological obstacles encountered during the stages of pregnancy and postpartum.AIM To explore the effect of timing theory combined with behavior change on selfefficacy,negative emotions and quality of life in patients with primipara.METHODS A total of 80 primipara cases were selected and admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and May 2022.These cases were divided into two groups,namely the observation group and the control group,with 40 cases in each group.The nursing interventions differed between the two groups,with the control group receiving routine nursing and the observation group receiving integrated nursing based on the timing theory and behavior change.The study aimed to compare the pre-and post-nursing scores of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),breast milk knowledge,self-efficacy,and SF-36 quality of life in both groups.RESULTS After nursing,the CPSS,EPDS,and SAS scores of the two groups was significantly lower than that before nursing,and the CPSS,EPDS,and SAS scores of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P=0.002,P=0.011,and P=0.001 respectively).After nursing,the breastfeeding knowledge mastery,selfefficacy,and SF-36 quality of life scores was significantly higher than that before nursing,and the breastfeeding knowledge mastery(P=0.013),self-efficacy(P=0.008),and SF-36 quality of life(P=0.011)scores of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.CONCLUSION The integration of timing theory and behavior change integrated theory has been found to be an effective approach in alleviating negative mood and stress experienced by primipara individuals,while also enhancing their selfefficacy and overall quality of life.This study focuses on the key concepts of timing theory,behavior change,primipara individuals,negative mood,and quality of life.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-surgical methods such as percutaneous drainage are crucial for the treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).However,there is still an ongoing debate regarding the optimal timing for abdominal paracentesis catheter place-ment and drainage.AIM To explore the influence of different timing for abdominal paracentesis catheter placement and drainage in SAP complicated by intra-abdominal fluid accumu-lation.METHODS Using a retrospective approach,184 cases of SAP complicated by intra-abdominal fluid accumulation were enrolled and categorized into three groups based on the timing of catheter placement:group A(catheter placement within 2 d of symptom onset,n=89),group B(catheter placement between days 3 and 5 after symptom onset,n=55),and group C(catheter placement between days 6 and 7 after symptom onset,n=40).The differences in progression rate,mortality rate,and the number of cases with organ dysfunction were compared among the three groups.RESULTS The progression rate of group A was significantly lower than those in groups B and groups C(2.25%vs 21.82%and 32.50%,P<0.05).Further,the proportion of patients with at least one organ dysfunction in group A was significantly lower than those in groups B and groups C(41.57%vs 70.91%and 75.00%,P<0.05).The mortality rates in group A,group B,and group C were similar(P>0.05).At postoperative day 3,the levels of C-reactive protein(55.41±19.32 mg/L vs 82.25±20.41 mg/L and 88.65±19.14 mg/L,P<0.05),procalcitonin(1.36±0.51 ng/mL vs 3.20±0.97 ng/mL and 3.41±0.98 ng/mL,P<0.05),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(15.12±6.63 pg/L vs 22.26±9.96 pg/L and 23.39±9.12 pg/L,P<0.05),interleukin-6(332.14±90.16 ng/L vs 412.20±88.50 ng/L and 420.08±87.65ng/L,P<0.05),interleukin-8(415.54±68.43 ng/L vs 505.80±66.90 ng/L and 510.43±68.23ng/L,P<0.05)and serum amyloid A(270.06±78.49 mg/L vs 344.41±81.96 mg/L and 350.60±80.42 mg/L,P<0.05)were significantly lower in group A compared to those in groups B and group C.The length of hospital stay in group A was significantly lower than those in groups B and group C(24.50±4.16 d vs 35.54±6.62 d and 38.89±7.10 d,P<0.05).The hospitalization expenses in group A were also significantly lower than those in groups B and groups C[2.70(1.20,3.55)ten-thousand-yuan vs 5.50(2.98,7.12)ten-thousand-yuan and 6.00(3.10,8.05)ten-thousand-yuan,P<0.05).The incidence of complications in group A was markedly lower than that in group C(5.62%vs 25.00%,P<0.05),and similar to group B(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Percutaneous catheter drainage for the treatment of SAP complicated by intra-abdominal fluid accumulation is most effective when performed within 2 d of onset.
文摘BACKGROUND To date,the optimal timing for percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage(PTGBD),particularly for patients who have missed the optimal window for emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)(within 72 hours of symptom onset)has not been determined.AIM To study the effects of LC timing on outcomes of grade II/III acute cholecystitis(AC)in patients with delayed PTGBD.METHODS Data of patients diagnosed with Tokyo Guidelines 2018 grade II or III AC who underwent delayed PTGBD followed by LC at a single hospital between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively studied.According to the interval between gallbladder drainage and cholecystectomy,the patients were divided into early and delayed LC groups.Outcomes including surgery time,postoperative complications and hospital stay,and patient satisfaction were analyzed and compared between the two groups using t-andχ^(2) tests.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss,postoperative abdominal drainage tube placement time,pain index,or total disease duration(all P>0.05).Compared with those of the early LC group,the delayed group showed significant decreases in the length of procedure(surgery time),conversion rate to open surgery,degree of adhesions,surgical complications,postoperative hospital stay,and total treatment costs,and increased patient satisfaction despite a longer interval before PTGBD(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with grade II/III AC with delayed PTGBD,LC should be performed 2 weeks after PTGBD to decrease postoperative complications and hospital stays and improve patient satisfaction.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52394191)the Fundamental Research Funds for China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing):Doctoral Top-notch Innovative Talents Cultivation Fund(No.BBJ2023018,BBJ2023023)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining(No.GJNY-20-113-20).
文摘The Inner Mongolia mining area in western China are characterized by the development of numerous penetrating fissures,resulting in severe land damage.It is significant to reveal the underlying evolution mechanism and identify treatment timing for restoring the ecological environment.The Guanbanwusu mining subsidence area in Inner Mongolia,China was selected as the research case for this study.The evolution mechanism of different penetrating fissures was revealed by field measurement,physical simulation and theoretical analysis.The treatment timing prediction model for the mining subsidence area was established based on the enhanced Weibull time function.The results show that the ground fissures are mainly step-type and collapse-type fissures.The breaking form of overlying strata determines their vertical opening and horizontal dislocation.The high mining intensity in the western mining area results in a shortened period of dynamic fissure expansion and reduced closure degree.The damage extent of the overlying strata exhibits zoning characteristics both vertically and horizontally.The relative standard deviation of the prediction model is only 3.7%.Concurrently,the prediction model is employed to determine the optimal timing for treatment in the study area,estimated to be 259 days.Subsequently,once this threshold is reached,the study area undergoes treatment and restoration of its e cological environment.This study addresses the knowledge gap in this field by highlighting the interconnectedness between rock strata structure and evolution mechanism of penetrating fissures,thereby providing a method for determining the treatment timing in mining subsidence areas.
文摘Meal timing plays a crucial role for cardiometabolic health,given the circadian regulation of cardiometabolic function.However,to the best of our knowledge,no concept of meal timing exists in traditional European medicine(TEM).Therefore,in this narrative review,we aim to define the optimal time slot for energy intake and optimal energy distribution throughout the day in a context of TEM and explore further implications.By reviewing literature published between 2002 and 2022,we found that optimal timing for energy intake may be between 06:00 and 09:00,12:00 and 14:00,and between 15:00 and18:00,with high energy breakfast,medium energy lunch and low energy dinner and possibly further adjustments according to one’s chronotype and genetics.Also,timing and distribution of energy intake may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to optimize coction,a concept describing digestion and metabolism in TEM.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund Project(U21B2071)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174033)National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(52304041).
文摘Based on the elastic theory of porous media,embedded discrete fracture model and finite volume method,and considering the micro-seepage mechanism of shale gas,a fully coupled seepage-geomechanical model suitable for fractured shale gas reservoirs is established,the optimization method of refracturing timing is proposed,and the influencing factors of refracturing timing are analyzed based on the data from shale gas well in Fuling of Sichuan Basin.The results show that due to the depletion of formation pressure,the percentage of the maximum horizontal principal stress reversal area in the total area increases and then decreases with time.The closer the area is to the hydraulic fracture,the shorter the time for the peak of the stress reversal area percentage curve to appear,and the shorter the time for the final zero return(to the initial state).The optimum time of refracturing is affected by matrix permeability,initial stress difference and natural fracture approach angle.The larger the matrix permeability and initial stress difference is,the shorter the time for stress reversal area percentage curve to reach peak and return to the initial state,and the earlier the time to take refracturing measures.The larger the natural fracture approach angle is,the more difficult it is for stress reversal to occur near the fracture,and the earlier the optimum refracturing time is.The more likely the stress reversal occurs at the far end of the artificial fracture,the later the optimal time of refracturing is.Reservoirs with low matrix permeability have a rapid decrease in single well productivity.To ensure economic efficiency,measures such as shut-in or gas injection can be taken to restore the stress,and refracturing can be implemented in advance.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12305060the Talent-Introduction Program of Hubei Polytechnic University under Grant No.19xjk25R。
文摘The recent stochastic signal observed jointly by NANOGrav,parkes pulsar timing array,European pulsar timing array,and Chinese pulsar timing array can be accounted for by scalarinduced gravitational waves(SIGWs).The source of the SIGWs is from the primordial curvature perturbations,and the main contribution to the SIGWs is from the peak of the primordial curvature power spectrum.To effectively model this peak,we apply the Taylor expansion to parameterize it.With the Taylor expansion parameterization,we apply Bayesian methods to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum based on the NANOGrav 15 year data set.The constraint on the primordial curvature power spectrum possesses a degree of generality,as the Taylor expansion can effectively approximate a wide range of function profiles.
基金funded by the PetroChina Major Research Program on Deep Petroleum System in the Tarim Basin(No.ZD 2019-183-01-003)the Major Research Project on the Tethys Geodynamic System from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92055204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42072134).
文摘Determining the timing of fracturing is crucial for understanding reservoir evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in foreland basins.Using fracturing data from cores,borehole images,and outcrops,combined with the clumped isotope(D47)and fluid inclusion analyses of carbonate minerals filled in pores and fractures,this study ascertained the fracturing timing of the Jurassic reservoirs in the Dibei-Tuziluoke Gas Field,Kuqa Foreland Basin.Data from outcrops and borehole images show two dominant fracture sets in the study area:W-E and NE-SW striking fractures.Some W-E striking fractures are carbonate-filled,while NE-SW striking fractures lack mineral fillings.Bitumen veins,not easy to be identified in borehole images,are prevalent in cores.The petrographic analysis reveals that these bitumen veins formed before the calcite cementation in pores and display high viscosity and low maturity.Homogenization temperatures(T_(h))from primary fluid inclusion assemblages in two representative calcite vein samples were notably lower than T_(△47) values from corresponding samples.This suggests the △_(47) signature underwent alteration due to partial reordering during burial.Thus,△_(47)-derived temperatures(apparent temperatures)may not faithfully represent the mineral precipitation temperatures.When plotting these apparent temperatures vs.the burial history,only the possible latest ages of fracturing emerged.These ages were further refined by considering petroleum charging,tectonic evolution,and stress orientation.Bitumen-filled fractures likely resulted from the Late Cretaceous uplift,marking the migration of low-maturity hydrocarbons in the study area.Carbonate-filled E-W striking fractures emerged during the late Miocene(~13-6.5 Ma)alongside fold development.NE-striking fractures that crosscut W-E ones possibly formed recently due to stress reorientation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374493).
文摘Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty at different surgical timings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)based on the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.Methods:Patients with OVCF who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty in our hospital were selected and divided into Groups A,B,and C for those undergoing surgery within 7,7—21,and>21 days of fracture occurrence.The variations in the amount of bone cement injected,pre-and post-operative pain levels,functional activity,deformity correction of the injured vertebrae,bone cement leakage,and vertebral body height loss were compared among the three groups.Results:Regarding pain relief and functional activity,the postoperative Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores of the three groups significantly improved.Furthermore,the deformities of the injured vertebrae in the three groups were significantly corrected,with Groups A and B exhibiting superior correction compared to Group C.Moreover,the bone cement leakage rates in groups A and C were higher than that in Group B.At the 3-month follow-up,the loss of vertebral height in Group C was significantly higher than those in groups A and B.Conclusion:Kyphoplasty is effective for OVCF treatment.Early surgery can effectively restore the vertebral height of the injured vertebra,reduce kyphosis,and reduce height loss of the injured vertebra after surgery;nevertheless,treatment within 1—3 weeks of the fracture can reduce the occurrence of bone cement leakage,making the surgery safer.Therefore,surgical treatment within 1—3 weeks of fracture is safer and can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine,PKP surgery can transform the fracture end from a micromotion state to a fixed state,which fully embodies the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lei et al,with a specific focus on the timing of the initiation of the antifibrotic agent pirfenidone(PFD)in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)and its impact on lung function of IPF patients.PFD is an antifibrotic agent that is widely used in the management of IPF in both early and advanced stages.It inhibits various pathways and has antifibrotic,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant properties.Despite dosage lowering,PFD slowed IPF progression and maintained functional capacity.The 6-min walk distance test indicated that patients tolerated adverse events well,and PFD significantly reduced the incidence of progression episodes and death.Even when a single disease-progression event occurred,continuing PFD treatment had benefits.
