High-precision and real-time diagnosis of sucker rod pumping system(SRPS)is important for quickly mastering oil well operations.Deep learning-based method for classifying the dynamometer card(DC)of oil wells is an eff...High-precision and real-time diagnosis of sucker rod pumping system(SRPS)is important for quickly mastering oil well operations.Deep learning-based method for classifying the dynamometer card(DC)of oil wells is an efficient diagnosis method.However,the input of the DC as a two-dimensional image into the deep learning framework suffers from low feature utilization and high computational effort.Additionally,different SRPSs in an oil field have various system parameters,and the same SRPS generates different DCs at different moments.Thus,there is heterogeneity in field data,which can dramatically impair the diagnostic accuracy.To solve the above problems,a working condition recognition method based on 4-segment time-frequency signature matrix(4S-TFSM)and deep learning is presented in this paper.First,the 4-segment time-frequency signature(4S-TFS)method that can reduce the computing power requirements is proposed for feature extraction of DC data.Subsequently,the 4S-TFSM is constructed by relative normalization and matrix calculation to synthesize the features of multiple data and solve the problem of data heterogeneity.Finally,a convolutional neural network(CNN),one of the deep learning frameworks,is used to determine the functioning conditions based on the 4S-TFSM.Experiments on field data verify that the proposed diagnostic method based on 4S-TFSM and CNN(4S-TFSM-CNN)can significantly improve the accuracy of working condition recognition with lower computational cost.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first work to discuss the effect of data heterogeneity on the working condition recognition performance of SRPS.展开更多
With the increasingly complex and changeable electromagnetic environment,wireless communication systems are facing jamming and abnormal signal injection,which significantly affects the normal operation of a communicat...With the increasingly complex and changeable electromagnetic environment,wireless communication systems are facing jamming and abnormal signal injection,which significantly affects the normal operation of a communication system.In particular,the abnormal signals may emulate the normal signals,which makes it very challenging for abnormal signal recognition.In this paper,we propose a new abnormal signal recognition scheme,which combines time-frequency analysis with deep learning to effectively identify synthetic abnormal communication signals.Firstly,we emulate synthetic abnormal communication signals including seven jamming patterns.Then,we model an abnormal communication signals recognition system based on the communication protocol between the transmitter and the receiver.To improve the performance,we convert the original signal into the time-frequency spectrogram to develop an image classification algorithm.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively recognize the abnormal signals under various parameter configurations,even under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and low jamming-to-signal ratio(JSR)conditions.展开更多
Seismic time-frequency(TF)transforms are essential tools in reservoir interpretation and signal processing,particularly for characterizing frequency variations in non-stationary seismic data.Recently,sparse TF trans-f...Seismic time-frequency(TF)transforms are essential tools in reservoir interpretation and signal processing,particularly for characterizing frequency variations in non-stationary seismic data.Recently,sparse TF trans-forms,which leverage sparse coding(SC),have gained significant attention in the geosciences due to their ability to achieve high TF resolution.However,the iterative approaches typically employed in sparse TF transforms are computationally intensive,making them impractical for real seismic data analysis.To address this issue,we propose an interpretable convolutional sparse coding(CSC)network to achieve high TF resolution.The proposed model is generated based on the traditional short-time Fourier transform(STFT)transform and a modified UNet,named ULISTANet.In this design,we replace the conventional convolutional layers of the UNet with learnable iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm(LISTA)blocks,a specialized form of CSC.The LISTA block,which evolves from the traditional iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm(ISTA),is optimized for extracting sparse features more effectively.Furthermore,we create a synthetic dataset featuring complex frequency-modulated signals to train ULISTANet.Finally,the proposed method’s performance is subsequently validated using both synthetic and field data,demonstrating its potential for enhanced seismic data analysis.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Driven by advancements in mobile internet technology,images have become a crucial data medium.Ensuring the security of image information during transmission has thus emerged as an urgent challenge.This study proposes ...Driven by advancements in mobile internet technology,images have become a crucial data medium.Ensuring the security of image information during transmission has thus emerged as an urgent challenge.This study proposes a novel image encryption algorithm specifically designed for grayscale image security.This research introduces a new Cantor diagonal matrix permutation method.The proposed permutation method uses row and column index sequences to control the Cantor diagonal matrix,where the row and column index sequences are generated by a spatiotemporal chaotic system named coupled map lattice(CML).The high initial value sensitivity of the CML system makes the permutation method highly sensitive and secure.Additionally,leveraging fractal theory,this study introduces a chaotic fractal matrix and applies this matrix in the diffusion process.This chaotic fractal matrix exhibits selfsimilarity and irregularity.Using the Cantor diagonal matrix and chaotic fractal matrix,this paper introduces a fast image encryption algorithm involving two diffusion steps and one permutation step.Moreover,the algorithm achieves robust security with only a single encryption round,ensuring high operational efficiency.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm features an expansive key space,robust security,high sensitivity,high efficiency,and superior statistical properties for the ciphered images.Thus,the proposed algorithm not only provides a practical solution for secure image transmission but also bridges fractal theory with image encryption techniques,thereby opening new research avenues in chaotic cryptography and advancing the development of information security technology.展开更多
We read with the great interest the study by Ababneh et al in which inducedmesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were shown to exhibit a stronger andmore sustained anti-proliferative effect by inducing a senescence-l...We read with the great interest the study by Ababneh et al in which inducedmesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were shown to exhibit a stronger andmore sustained anti-proliferative effect by inducing a senescence-like state withoutapoptosis.The results obtained by the authors highlight the features of theeffects of senescent drift induction in surrounding tissues.In the light of thesefindings,the role of the properties of extracellular matrix and cellular glycocalyxin responses of human tumors to therapy remain uninvestigated.These extracellularbarriers appear to be significant obstacles to effective cancer therapy,especiallyin relation to the use of unique properties of tumor microenvironment forthe immunotherapy-resistant cancer treatment.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury causes severe neuroinflammation and has become a global medical challenge.Previous research has demonstrated that porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel exhibits excellent biological prop...Peripheral nerve injury causes severe neuroinflammation and has become a global medical challenge.Previous research has demonstrated that porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel exhibits excellent biological properties and tissue specificity,highlighting its potential as a biomedical material for the repair of severe peripheral nerve injury;however,its role in modulating neuroinflammation post-peripheral nerve injury remains unknown.Here,we aimed to characterize the anti-inflammatory properties of porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel and their underlying molecular mechanisms.Using peripheral nerve injury model rats treated with porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel,we evaluated structural and functional recovery,macrophage phenotype alteration,specific cytokine expression,and changes in related signaling molecules in vivo.Similar parameters were evaluated in vitro using monocyte/macrophage cell lines stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and cultured on porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel-coated plates in complete medium.These comprehensive analyses revealed that porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel attenuated the activation of excessive inflammation at the early stage of peripheral nerve injury and increased the proportion of the M2 subtype in monocytes/macrophages.Additionally,porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel negatively regulated the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB axis both in vivo and in vitro.Our findings suggest that the efficacious anti-inflammatory properties of porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel induce M2 macrophage polarization via suppression of the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB pathway,providing new insights into the therapeutic mechanism of porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel in peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protei...Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protein 4(HE4),a key diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer,is involved in fibrotic processes in several non-malignant diseases.Given the clinical significance of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC and the potential link between HE4 and fibrosis,this study aimed to investigate the role of HE4 in the formation of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC.Methods:A total of 126 patients with gynecological conditions were included and divided into normal,benign,and EOC groups.Tissue stiffness was quantitatively measured and analyzed for its correlation with clinicopathological features.We further investigated the correlation between tumor stiffness and the expression levels of HE4 and fibroblast activation markers(α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and fibroblast activation protein(FAP))in tumor tissues from 22 HGSOC patients.In vitro,primary fibroblasts were treated with recombinant HE4(rHE4)or conditioned media from HE4-knockdown ovarian cancer cells to assess fibroblasts activation and matrix contractility(Collagen gel contraction assays).In vivo,a subcutaneous xenograft model using HE4-knockdown cells was established to evaluate the effects of HE4 suppression on tumor growth and extensive extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Results:Ovarian cancer tissues showed significantly increased stiffness compared to benign/normal groups,showing positive correlation with serum HE4 levels.High-stiffness HGSOC tumors exhibited upregulated expression of HE4,α-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.rHE4 stimulated fibroblast activation and enhanced matrix contractility,whereas HE4 knockdown in cancer cells abrogated these pro-fibrotic effects.In vivo,HE4-silenced xenografts displayed restricted tumor growth accompanied by reduced stromal expression ofα-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that HE4 may facilitate ECM remodeling in HGSOC through promoting fibroblast activation and increasing collagen deposition.展开更多
The Gabor and S transforms are frequently used in time-frequency decomposition methods. Constrained by the uncertainty principle, both transforms produce low-resolution time-frequency decomposition results in the time...The Gabor and S transforms are frequently used in time-frequency decomposition methods. Constrained by the uncertainty principle, both transforms produce low-resolution time-frequency decomposition results in the time and frequency domains. To improve the resolution of the time-frequency decomposition results, we use the instantaneous frequency distribution function（IFDF） to express the seismic signal. When the instantaneous frequencies of the nonstationary signal satisfy the requirements of the uncertainty principle, the support of IFDF is just the support of the amplitude ridges in the signal obtained using the short-time Fourier transform. Based on this feature, we propose a new iteration algorithm to achieve the sparse time-frequency decomposition of the signal. The iteration algorithm uses the support of the amplitude ridges of the residual signal obtained with the short-time Fourier transform to update the time-frequency components of the signal. The summation of the updated time-frequency components in each iteration is the result of the sparse timefrequency decomposition. Numerical examples show that the proposed method improves the resolution of the time-frequency decomposition results and the accuracy of the analysis of the nonstationary signal. We also use the proposed method to attenuate the ground roll of field seismic data with good results.展开更多
Predicting the time-varying auto-spectral density of a spacecraft in high-altitude orbits requires an accurate model for the non-stationary random vibration signals with densely spaced modal frequency. The traditional...Predicting the time-varying auto-spectral density of a spacecraft in high-altitude orbits requires an accurate model for the non-stationary random vibration signals with densely spaced modal frequency. The traditional time-varying algorithm limits prediction accuracy, thus affecting a number of operational decisions. To solve this problem, a time-varying auto regressive （TVAR） model based on the process neural network （PNN） and the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） is proposed. The time-varying system is tracked on-line by establishing a time-varying parameter model, and then the relevant parameter spectrum is obtained. Firstly, the EMD method is utilized to decompose the signal into several intrinsic mode functions （IMFs）. Then for each IMF, the PNN is established and the time-varying auto-spectral density is obtained. Finally, the time-frequency distribution of the signals can be reconstructed by linear superposition. The simulation and the analytical results from an example demonstrate that this approach possesses simplicity, effectiveness, and feasibility, as well as higher frequency resolution.展开更多
Some factors influencing the intelligibility of the enhanced whisper in the joint time-frequency domain are evaluated. Specifically, both the spectrum density and different regions of the enhanced spectrum are analyze...Some factors influencing the intelligibility of the enhanced whisper in the joint time-frequency domain are evaluated. Specifically, both the spectrum density and different regions of the enhanced spectrum are analyzed. Experimental results show that for a spectrum of some density, the joint time-frequency gain-modification based speech enhancement algorithm achieves significant improvement in intelligibility. Additionally, the spectrum region where the estimated spectrum is smaller than the clean spectrum, is the most important region contributing to intelligibility improvement for the enhanced whisper. The spectrum region where the estimated spectrum is larger than twice the size of the clean spectrum is detrimental to speech intelligibility perception within the whisper context.展开更多
The ground roll and body wave usually show significant differences in arrival time, frequency content, and polarization characteristics, and conventional polarization filters that operate in either the time or frequen...The ground roll and body wave usually show significant differences in arrival time, frequency content, and polarization characteristics, and conventional polarization filters that operate in either the time or frequency domain cannot consider all these elements. Therefore, we have developed a time-frequency dependent polarization filter based on the S transform to attenuate the ground roll in seismic records. Our approach adopts the complex coefficients of the S transform of the multi-component seismic data to estimate the local polarization attributes and utilizes the estimated attributes to construct the filter function. In this study, we select the S transform to design this polarization filter because its scalable window length can ensure the same number of cycles of a Fourier sinusoid, thereby rendering more precise estimation of local polarization attributes. The results of applying our approach in synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the proposed polarization filter can effectively attenuate the ground roll and successfully preserve the body wave.展开更多
In this paper, it is described that the time-frequency resolution of geophysical signals is affected by the time window function attenuation coefficient and sampling interval and how such effects are eliminated effect...In this paper, it is described that the time-frequency resolution of geophysical signals is affected by the time window function attenuation coefficient and sampling interval and how such effects are eliminated effectively. Improving the signal resolution is the key to signal time-frequency analysis processing and has wide use in geophysical data processing and extraction of attribute parameters. In this paper, authors research the effects of the attenuation coefficient choice of the Gabor transform window function and sampling interval on signal resolution. Unsuitable parameters not only decrease the signal resolution on the frequency spectrum but also miss the signals. It is essential to first give the optimum window and range of parameters through time-frequency analysis simulation using the Gabor transform. In the paper, the suggestions about the range and choice of the optimum sampling interval and processing methods of general seismic signals are given.展开更多
A time-frequency signal processing method for two-phase flow through a horizontal Venturi based on adaptive optimal-kernel （AOK） was presented in this paper.First,the collected dynamic differential pressure signal o...A time-frequency signal processing method for two-phase flow through a horizontal Venturi based on adaptive optimal-kernel （AOK） was presented in this paper.First,the collected dynamic differential pressure signal of gas-liquid two-phase flow was preprocessed,and then the AOK theory was used to analyze the dynamic differ-ential pressure signal.The mechanism of two-phase flow was discussed through the time-frequency spectrum.On the condition of steady water flow rate,with the increasing of gas flow rate,the flow pattern changes from bubbly flow to slug flow,then to plug flow,meanwhile,the energy distribution of signal fluctuations show significant change that energy transfer from 15-35 Hz band to 0-8 Hz band;moreover,when the flow pattern is slug flow,there are two wave peaks showed in the time-frequency spectrum.Finally,a number of characteristic variables were defined by using the time-frequency spectrum and the ridge of AOK.When the characteristic variables were visu-ally analyzed,the relationship between different combination of characteristic variables and flow patterns would be gotten.The results show that,this method can explain the law of flow in different flow patterns.And characteristic variables,defined by this method,can get a clear description of the flow information.This method provides a new way for the flow pattern identification,and the percentage of correct prediction is up to 91.11%.展开更多
In this study, several advanced analysis methods are applied to understand the relationships between the Nino-3.4 sea surface temperatures （SST） and the SSTs related to the tropical Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD）. By a...In this study, several advanced analysis methods are applied to understand the relationships between the Nino-3.4 sea surface temperatures （SST） and the SSTs related to the tropical Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD）. By analyzing a long data record, the authors focus on the time-frequency characteristics of these relationships, and of the structure of IOD. They also focus on the seasonal dependence of those characteristics in both time and frequency domains. Among the Nino-3.4 SST, IOD, and SSTs over the tropical western Indian Ocean （WIO） and eastern Indian Ocean （EIO）, the WIO SST has the strongest annual and semiannual oscillations. While the Nino-3.4 SST has large inter-annual variability that is only second to its annual variability, the IOD is characterized by the largest semiannual oscillation, which is even stronger than its annual oscillation. The IOD is strongly and stably related to the EIO SST in a wide range of frequency bands and in all seasons. However, it is less significantly related to the WIO SST in the boreal winter and spring. There exists a generally weak and unstable relationship between the WIO and EIO SSTs, especially in the biennial and higher frequency bands. The relationship is especially weak in summer and fall, when IOD is apparent, but appears highly positive in winter and spring, when the IOD is unimportantly weak and even disappears. This feature reflects a caution in the definition and application of IOD. The Nino-3.4 SST has a strong positive relationship with the WIO SST in all seasons, mainly in the biennial and longer frequency bands. However, it shows no significant relationship with the EIO SST in summer and fall, and with IOD in winter and spring.展开更多
The resolution of seismic data is critical to seismic data processing and the subsequent interpretation of fine structures. In conventional resolution improvement methods, the seismic data is assumed stationary and th...The resolution of seismic data is critical to seismic data processing and the subsequent interpretation of fine structures. In conventional resolution improvement methods, the seismic data is assumed stationary and the noise level not changes with space, whereas the actual situation does not satisfy this assumption, so that results after resolution improvement processing is not up to the expected effect. To solve these problems, we propose a seismic resolution improvement method based on the secondary time-frequency spectrum. First, we propose the secondary time-frequency spectrum based on S transform （ST） and discuss the reflection coefficient sequence and time-dependent wavelet in the secondary time frequency spectrum. Second, using the secondary time frequency spectrum, we design a two- dimensional filter to extract the amplitude spectrum of the time-dependent wavelet. Then, we discuss the improvement of the resolution operator in noisy environments and propose a novel approach for determining the broad frequency range of the resolution operator in the time- fi＇equency-space domain. Finally, we apply the proposed method to synthetic and real data and compare the results of the traditional spectrum-modeling deconvolution and Q compensation method. The results suggest that the proposed method does not need to estimate the Q value and the resolution is not limited by the bandwidth of the source. Thus, the resolution of the seismic data is improved sufficiently based on the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）.展开更多
The interrupted sampling repeater jamming（ISRJ） is an effective deception jamming method for coherent radar, especially for the wideband linear frequency modulation（LFM） radar. An electronic counter-countermeasure...The interrupted sampling repeater jamming（ISRJ） is an effective deception jamming method for coherent radar, especially for the wideband linear frequency modulation（LFM） radar. An electronic counter-countermeasure（ECCM） scheme is proposed to remove the ISRJ-based false targets from the pulse compression result of the de-chirping radar. Through the time-frequency（TF） analysis of the radar echo signal, it can be found that the TF characteristics of the ISRJ signal are discontinuous in the pulse duration because the ISRJ jammer needs short durations to receive the radar signal. Based on the discontinuous characteristics a particular band-pass filter can be generated by two alternative approaches to retain the true target signal and suppress the ISRJ signal. The simulation results prove the validity of the proposed ECCM scheme for the ISRJ.展开更多
The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS...The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS） of the rotational motions is calculated and its characteristics are analyzed, then the TFRS is applied to analyze the damage mechanism of one twelve-storey frame concrete structure. The results show that one of the ground motion components can not reflect the characteristics of the seismic motions completely; the characteristics of each component, especially rotational motions, need to be studied. The damage line of the structure and TFRS of ground motion are important for seismic design, only the TFRS of input seismic wave is suitable, the structure design is reliable.展开更多
基金We would like to thank the associate editor and the reviewers for their constructive comments.This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62203234in part by the State Key Laboratory of Robotics of China under Grant 2023-Z03+1 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province under Grant 2023-BS-025in part by the Research Program of Liaoning Liaohe Laboratory under Grant LLL23ZZ-02-02.
文摘High-precision and real-time diagnosis of sucker rod pumping system(SRPS)is important for quickly mastering oil well operations.Deep learning-based method for classifying the dynamometer card(DC)of oil wells is an efficient diagnosis method.However,the input of the DC as a two-dimensional image into the deep learning framework suffers from low feature utilization and high computational effort.Additionally,different SRPSs in an oil field have various system parameters,and the same SRPS generates different DCs at different moments.Thus,there is heterogeneity in field data,which can dramatically impair the diagnostic accuracy.To solve the above problems,a working condition recognition method based on 4-segment time-frequency signature matrix(4S-TFSM)and deep learning is presented in this paper.First,the 4-segment time-frequency signature(4S-TFS)method that can reduce the computing power requirements is proposed for feature extraction of DC data.Subsequently,the 4S-TFSM is constructed by relative normalization and matrix calculation to synthesize the features of multiple data and solve the problem of data heterogeneity.Finally,a convolutional neural network(CNN),one of the deep learning frameworks,is used to determine the functioning conditions based on the 4S-TFSM.Experiments on field data verify that the proposed diagnostic method based on 4S-TFSM and CNN(4S-TFSM-CNN)can significantly improve the accuracy of working condition recognition with lower computational cost.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first work to discuss the effect of data heterogeneity on the working condition recognition performance of SRPS.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62371231)Natural Science Foundation on Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Project of Jiangsu under Grant BK20222001Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.BE2023027).
文摘With the increasingly complex and changeable electromagnetic environment,wireless communication systems are facing jamming and abnormal signal injection,which significantly affects the normal operation of a communication system.In particular,the abnormal signals may emulate the normal signals,which makes it very challenging for abnormal signal recognition.In this paper,we propose a new abnormal signal recognition scheme,which combines time-frequency analysis with deep learning to effectively identify synthetic abnormal communication signals.Firstly,we emulate synthetic abnormal communication signals including seven jamming patterns.Then,we model an abnormal communication signals recognition system based on the communication protocol between the transmitter and the receiver.To improve the performance,we convert the original signal into the time-frequency spectrogram to develop an image classification algorithm.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively recognize the abnormal signals under various parameter configurations,even under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and low jamming-to-signal ratio(JSR)conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 42474139the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi under Grant 2024GX-YBXM-067.
文摘Seismic time-frequency(TF)transforms are essential tools in reservoir interpretation and signal processing,particularly for characterizing frequency variations in non-stationary seismic data.Recently,sparse TF trans-forms,which leverage sparse coding(SC),have gained significant attention in the geosciences due to their ability to achieve high TF resolution.However,the iterative approaches typically employed in sparse TF transforms are computationally intensive,making them impractical for real seismic data analysis.To address this issue,we propose an interpretable convolutional sparse coding(CSC)network to achieve high TF resolution.The proposed model is generated based on the traditional short-time Fourier transform(STFT)transform and a modified UNet,named ULISTANet.In this design,we replace the conventional convolutional layers of the UNet with learnable iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm(LISTA)blocks,a specialized form of CSC.The LISTA block,which evolves from the traditional iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm(ISTA),is optimized for extracting sparse features more effectively.Furthermore,we create a synthetic dataset featuring complex frequency-modulated signals to train ULISTANet.Finally,the proposed method’s performance is subsequently validated using both synthetic and field data,demonstrating its potential for enhanced seismic data analysis.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62376106)The Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province(20250102212JC).
文摘Driven by advancements in mobile internet technology,images have become a crucial data medium.Ensuring the security of image information during transmission has thus emerged as an urgent challenge.This study proposes a novel image encryption algorithm specifically designed for grayscale image security.This research introduces a new Cantor diagonal matrix permutation method.The proposed permutation method uses row and column index sequences to control the Cantor diagonal matrix,where the row and column index sequences are generated by a spatiotemporal chaotic system named coupled map lattice(CML).The high initial value sensitivity of the CML system makes the permutation method highly sensitive and secure.Additionally,leveraging fractal theory,this study introduces a chaotic fractal matrix and applies this matrix in the diffusion process.This chaotic fractal matrix exhibits selfsimilarity and irregularity.Using the Cantor diagonal matrix and chaotic fractal matrix,this paper introduces a fast image encryption algorithm involving two diffusion steps and one permutation step.Moreover,the algorithm achieves robust security with only a single encryption round,ensuring high operational efficiency.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm features an expansive key space,robust security,high sensitivity,high efficiency,and superior statistical properties for the ciphered images.Thus,the proposed algorithm not only provides a practical solution for secure image transmission but also bridges fractal theory with image encryption techniques,thereby opening new research avenues in chaotic cryptography and advancing the development of information security technology.
文摘We read with the great interest the study by Ababneh et al in which inducedmesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were shown to exhibit a stronger andmore sustained anti-proliferative effect by inducing a senescence-like state withoutapoptosis.The results obtained by the authors highlight the features of theeffects of senescent drift induction in surrounding tissues.In the light of thesefindings,the role of the properties of extracellular matrix and cellular glycocalyxin responses of human tumors to therapy remain uninvestigated.These extracellularbarriers appear to be significant obstacles to effective cancer therapy,especiallyin relation to the use of unique properties of tumor microenvironment forthe immunotherapy-resistant cancer treatment.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Hong Kong Joint Funding Project,No.SGDX20230116093645007(to LY)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee International Cooperation Project,No.GJHZ20200731095608025(to LY)+7 种基金Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission’s Intelligent Diagnosis,Treatment and Prevention of Adolescent Spinal Health Public Service Platform,No.S2002Q84500835(to LY)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund,No.B2303005(to LY)Team-based Medical Science Research Program,No.2024YZZ02(to LY)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LWQ20H170001(to RL)Basic Research Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission,No.JCYJ20210324103010029(to BY)Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital Clinical Research Fund of Guangdong Province High-level Hospital Construction Project,Nos.2023yjlcyj029(to BY),2023yjlcyj021(to LL)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2022A1515110679(to LL)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M722203(to GL).
文摘Peripheral nerve injury causes severe neuroinflammation and has become a global medical challenge.Previous research has demonstrated that porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel exhibits excellent biological properties and tissue specificity,highlighting its potential as a biomedical material for the repair of severe peripheral nerve injury;however,its role in modulating neuroinflammation post-peripheral nerve injury remains unknown.Here,we aimed to characterize the anti-inflammatory properties of porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel and their underlying molecular mechanisms.Using peripheral nerve injury model rats treated with porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel,we evaluated structural and functional recovery,macrophage phenotype alteration,specific cytokine expression,and changes in related signaling molecules in vivo.Similar parameters were evaluated in vitro using monocyte/macrophage cell lines stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and cultured on porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel-coated plates in complete medium.These comprehensive analyses revealed that porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel attenuated the activation of excessive inflammation at the early stage of peripheral nerve injury and increased the proportion of the M2 subtype in monocytes/macrophages.Additionally,porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel negatively regulated the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB axis both in vivo and in vitro.Our findings suggest that the efficacious anti-inflammatory properties of porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel induce M2 macrophage polarization via suppression of the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB pathway,providing new insights into the therapeutic mechanism of porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel in peripheral nerve injury.
文摘Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protein 4(HE4),a key diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer,is involved in fibrotic processes in several non-malignant diseases.Given the clinical significance of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC and the potential link between HE4 and fibrosis,this study aimed to investigate the role of HE4 in the formation of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC.Methods:A total of 126 patients with gynecological conditions were included and divided into normal,benign,and EOC groups.Tissue stiffness was quantitatively measured and analyzed for its correlation with clinicopathological features.We further investigated the correlation between tumor stiffness and the expression levels of HE4 and fibroblast activation markers(α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and fibroblast activation protein(FAP))in tumor tissues from 22 HGSOC patients.In vitro,primary fibroblasts were treated with recombinant HE4(rHE4)or conditioned media from HE4-knockdown ovarian cancer cells to assess fibroblasts activation and matrix contractility(Collagen gel contraction assays).In vivo,a subcutaneous xenograft model using HE4-knockdown cells was established to evaluate the effects of HE4 suppression on tumor growth and extensive extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Results:Ovarian cancer tissues showed significantly increased stiffness compared to benign/normal groups,showing positive correlation with serum HE4 levels.High-stiffness HGSOC tumors exhibited upregulated expression of HE4,α-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.rHE4 stimulated fibroblast activation and enhanced matrix contractility,whereas HE4 knockdown in cancer cells abrogated these pro-fibrotic effects.In vivo,HE4-silenced xenografts displayed restricted tumor growth accompanied by reduced stromal expression ofα-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that HE4 may facilitate ECM remodeling in HGSOC through promoting fibroblast activation and increasing collagen deposition.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011 CB201002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41374117)the great and special projects(2011ZX05005–005-008HZ and 2011ZX05006-002)
文摘The Gabor and S transforms are frequently used in time-frequency decomposition methods. Constrained by the uncertainty principle, both transforms produce low-resolution time-frequency decomposition results in the time and frequency domains. To improve the resolution of the time-frequency decomposition results, we use the instantaneous frequency distribution function（IFDF） to express the seismic signal. When the instantaneous frequencies of the nonstationary signal satisfy the requirements of the uncertainty principle, the support of IFDF is just the support of the amplitude ridges in the signal obtained using the short-time Fourier transform. Based on this feature, we propose a new iteration algorithm to achieve the sparse time-frequency decomposition of the signal. The iteration algorithm uses the support of the amplitude ridges of the residual signal obtained with the short-time Fourier transform to update the time-frequency components of the signal. The summation of the updated time-frequency components in each iteration is the result of the sparse timefrequency decomposition. Numerical examples show that the proposed method improves the resolution of the time-frequency decomposition results and the accuracy of the analysis of the nonstationary signal. We also use the proposed method to attenuate the ground roll of field seismic data with good results.
基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (20071551016)
文摘Predicting the time-varying auto-spectral density of a spacecraft in high-altitude orbits requires an accurate model for the non-stationary random vibration signals with densely spaced modal frequency. The traditional time-varying algorithm limits prediction accuracy, thus affecting a number of operational decisions. To solve this problem, a time-varying auto regressive （TVAR） model based on the process neural network （PNN） and the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） is proposed. The time-varying system is tracked on-line by establishing a time-varying parameter model, and then the relevant parameter spectrum is obtained. Firstly, the EMD method is utilized to decompose the signal into several intrinsic mode functions （IMFs）. Then for each IMF, the PNN is established and the time-varying auto-spectral density is obtained. Finally, the time-frequency distribution of the signals can be reconstructed by linear superposition. The simulation and the analytical results from an example demonstrate that this approach possesses simplicity, effectiveness, and feasibility, as well as higher frequency resolution.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61301295,61273266,61301219,61201326,61003131)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.1308085QF100,1408085MF113)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20130241)the Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.12KJB510021)the Doctoral Fund of Anhui University
文摘Some factors influencing the intelligibility of the enhanced whisper in the joint time-frequency domain are evaluated. Specifically, both the spectrum density and different regions of the enhanced spectrum are analyzed. Experimental results show that for a spectrum of some density, the joint time-frequency gain-modification based speech enhancement algorithm achieves significant improvement in intelligibility. Additionally, the spectrum region where the estimated spectrum is smaller than the clean spectrum, is the most important region contributing to intelligibility improvement for the enhanced whisper. The spectrum region where the estimated spectrum is larger than twice the size of the clean spectrum is detrimental to speech intelligibility perception within the whisper context.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2011ZX05014 and 2011ZX05008-005)
文摘The ground roll and body wave usually show significant differences in arrival time, frequency content, and polarization characteristics, and conventional polarization filters that operate in either the time or frequency domain cannot consider all these elements. Therefore, we have developed a time-frequency dependent polarization filter based on the S transform to attenuate the ground roll in seismic records. Our approach adopts the complex coefficients of the S transform of the multi-component seismic data to estimate the local polarization attributes and utilizes the estimated attributes to construct the filter function. In this study, we select the S transform to design this polarization filter because its scalable window length can ensure the same number of cycles of a Fourier sinusoid, thereby rendering more precise estimation of local polarization attributes. The results of applying our approach in synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the proposed polarization filter can effectively attenuate the ground roll and successfully preserve the body wave.
基金This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China-（No. 40474044）.
文摘In this paper, it is described that the time-frequency resolution of geophysical signals is affected by the time window function attenuation coefficient and sampling interval and how such effects are eliminated effectively. Improving the signal resolution is the key to signal time-frequency analysis processing and has wide use in geophysical data processing and extraction of attribute parameters. In this paper, authors research the effects of the attenuation coefficient choice of the Gabor transform window function and sampling interval on signal resolution. Unsuitable parameters not only decrease the signal resolution on the frequency spectrum but also miss the signals. It is essential to first give the optimum window and range of parameters through time-frequency analysis simulation using the Gabor transform. In the paper, the suggestions about the range and choice of the optimum sampling interval and processing methods of general seismic signals are given.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province（Y1100842） the Planning Projects of General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People＇s Republic of China（2006QK23）
文摘A time-frequency signal processing method for two-phase flow through a horizontal Venturi based on adaptive optimal-kernel （AOK） was presented in this paper.First,the collected dynamic differential pressure signal of gas-liquid two-phase flow was preprocessed,and then the AOK theory was used to analyze the dynamic differ-ential pressure signal.The mechanism of two-phase flow was discussed through the time-frequency spectrum.On the condition of steady water flow rate,with the increasing of gas flow rate,the flow pattern changes from bubbly flow to slug flow,then to plug flow,meanwhile,the energy distribution of signal fluctuations show significant change that energy transfer from 15-35 Hz band to 0-8 Hz band;moreover,when the flow pattern is slug flow,there are two wave peaks showed in the time-frequency spectrum.Finally,a number of characteristic variables were defined by using the time-frequency spectrum and the ridge of AOK.When the characteristic variables were visu-ally analyzed,the relationship between different combination of characteristic variables and flow patterns would be gotten.The results show that,this method can explain the law of flow in different flow patterns.And characteristic variables,defined by this method,can get a clear description of the flow information.This method provides a new way for the flow pattern identification,and the percentage of correct prediction is up to 91.11%.
文摘In this study, several advanced analysis methods are applied to understand the relationships between the Nino-3.4 sea surface temperatures （SST） and the SSTs related to the tropical Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD）. By analyzing a long data record, the authors focus on the time-frequency characteristics of these relationships, and of the structure of IOD. They also focus on the seasonal dependence of those characteristics in both time and frequency domains. Among the Nino-3.4 SST, IOD, and SSTs over the tropical western Indian Ocean （WIO） and eastern Indian Ocean （EIO）, the WIO SST has the strongest annual and semiannual oscillations. While the Nino-3.4 SST has large inter-annual variability that is only second to its annual variability, the IOD is characterized by the largest semiannual oscillation, which is even stronger than its annual oscillation. The IOD is strongly and stably related to the EIO SST in a wide range of frequency bands and in all seasons. However, it is less significantly related to the WIO SST in the boreal winter and spring. There exists a generally weak and unstable relationship between the WIO and EIO SSTs, especially in the biennial and higher frequency bands. The relationship is especially weak in summer and fall, when IOD is apparent, but appears highly positive in winter and spring, when the IOD is unimportantly weak and even disappears. This feature reflects a caution in the definition and application of IOD. The Nino-3.4 SST has a strong positive relationship with the WIO SST in all seasons, mainly in the biennial and longer frequency bands. However, it shows no significant relationship with the EIO SST in summer and fall, and with IOD in winter and spring.
基金financially supported by the National 973 Project(No.2014CB239006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41104069 and 41274124)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.R1401005A)
文摘The resolution of seismic data is critical to seismic data processing and the subsequent interpretation of fine structures. In conventional resolution improvement methods, the seismic data is assumed stationary and the noise level not changes with space, whereas the actual situation does not satisfy this assumption, so that results after resolution improvement processing is not up to the expected effect. To solve these problems, we propose a seismic resolution improvement method based on the secondary time-frequency spectrum. First, we propose the secondary time-frequency spectrum based on S transform （ST） and discuss the reflection coefficient sequence and time-dependent wavelet in the secondary time frequency spectrum. Second, using the secondary time frequency spectrum, we design a two- dimensional filter to extract the amplitude spectrum of the time-dependent wavelet. Then, we discuss the improvement of the resolution operator in noisy environments and propose a novel approach for determining the broad frequency range of the resolution operator in the time- fi＇equency-space domain. Finally, we apply the proposed method to synthetic and real data and compare the results of the traditional spectrum-modeling deconvolution and Q compensation method. The results suggest that the proposed method does not need to estimate the Q value and the resolution is not limited by the bandwidth of the source. Thus, the resolution of the seismic data is improved sufficiently based on the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61271442)
文摘The interrupted sampling repeater jamming（ISRJ） is an effective deception jamming method for coherent radar, especially for the wideband linear frequency modulation（LFM） radar. An electronic counter-countermeasure（ECCM） scheme is proposed to remove the ISRJ-based false targets from the pulse compression result of the de-chirping radar. Through the time-frequency（TF） analysis of the radar echo signal, it can be found that the TF characteristics of the ISRJ signal are discontinuous in the pulse duration because the ISRJ jammer needs short durations to receive the radar signal. Based on the discontinuous characteristics a particular band-pass filter can be generated by two alternative approaches to retain the true target signal and suppress the ISRJ signal. The simulation results prove the validity of the proposed ECCM scheme for the ISRJ.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.50578125
文摘The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS） of the rotational motions is calculated and its characteristics are analyzed, then the TFRS is applied to analyze the damage mechanism of one twelve-storey frame concrete structure. The results show that one of the ground motion components can not reflect the characteristics of the seismic motions completely; the characteristics of each component, especially rotational motions, need to be studied. The damage line of the structure and TFRS of ground motion are important for seismic design, only the TFRS of input seismic wave is suitable, the structure design is reliable.
