Over the past decades,tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others,holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules....Over the past decades,tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others,holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules.Moreover,tRNA was discovered to be a source of various small noncoding RNA species,such as the stress induced angiogenin cleaved tRNA halves(tiRNA)or the miRNA like tRNA derived fragments.tRNA cleavage under stress was fist discovered in bacteria and later was found to be conserved across different species,including mammals.Under cellular stress conditions,tRNA undergoes conformational changes and angiogenin cleaves it into 3′and 5′halves.5′tiRNA halves were shown to repress protein translations.tRNA cleavage is thought of to be a cytoprotective mechanism by which cells evade apoptosis,however some data hints to the opposite;that tiRNA are cytotoxic or at least related to apoptosis initiation.tRNA cleavage also was shown to be affected by tRNA modifications via different enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria.In this review,we will highlight the biology of tRNA cleavage,show the evidence of it being cytoprotective or a marker of cell death and shed a light on its role in disease models and human diseases as well as possible future directions in this field of RNA research.展开更多
This work aimed to reveal the expression profiles of tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)in diabetes.Methods:Thirty-five diabetes patients and thirty-three controls were enrolled.The serum samples of 4 diabetes patients an...This work aimed to reveal the expression profiles of tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)in diabetes.Methods:Thirty-five diabetes patients and thirty-three controls were enrolled.The serum samples of 4 diabetes patients and 4 controls were subjected to tRF and tiRNA polymerase chain reaction(PCR)Array analysis.Then quantitative PCR(qPCR)validation was performed on all the samples.Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore their functions.Results:We found 115 tsRNAs that significantly differed between the two groups.3′tiR-080-ProTGG(mt)was selected for further qPCR validation in all participants,and it was significantly decreased in diabetes patients compared with controls.Bioinformatics analysis indicated that 3′tiR-080-ProTGG(mt)may play regulatory roles via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes.Conclusion:Hence,we report that circulating tsRNAs are dysregulated that could be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes.展开更多
文摘Over the past decades,tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others,holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules.Moreover,tRNA was discovered to be a source of various small noncoding RNA species,such as the stress induced angiogenin cleaved tRNA halves(tiRNA)or the miRNA like tRNA derived fragments.tRNA cleavage under stress was fist discovered in bacteria and later was found to be conserved across different species,including mammals.Under cellular stress conditions,tRNA undergoes conformational changes and angiogenin cleaves it into 3′and 5′halves.5′tiRNA halves were shown to repress protein translations.tRNA cleavage is thought of to be a cytoprotective mechanism by which cells evade apoptosis,however some data hints to the opposite;that tiRNA are cytotoxic or at least related to apoptosis initiation.tRNA cleavage also was shown to be affected by tRNA modifications via different enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria.In this review,we will highlight the biology of tRNA cleavage,show the evidence of it being cytoprotective or a marker of cell death and shed a light on its role in disease models and human diseases as well as possible future directions in this field of RNA research.
基金funded by the Project of the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Grant No.20194Y0268)Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.20Z11900400).
文摘This work aimed to reveal the expression profiles of tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)in diabetes.Methods:Thirty-five diabetes patients and thirty-three controls were enrolled.The serum samples of 4 diabetes patients and 4 controls were subjected to tRF and tiRNA polymerase chain reaction(PCR)Array analysis.Then quantitative PCR(qPCR)validation was performed on all the samples.Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore their functions.Results:We found 115 tsRNAs that significantly differed between the two groups.3′tiR-080-ProTGG(mt)was selected for further qPCR validation in all participants,and it was significantly decreased in diabetes patients compared with controls.Bioinformatics analysis indicated that 3′tiR-080-ProTGG(mt)may play regulatory roles via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes.Conclusion:Hence,we report that circulating tsRNAs are dysregulated that could be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
