利用2001—2014年共14 a的北京首都国际机场(以下简称机场)观测资料和Micaps高空及地面观测资料,将发生在机场的雷暴日分为八类(即强雷暴、弱雷暴、湿对流、干对流、弱冰雹、强冰雹、冰雹大风和混合对流),对每种类型雷暴的气候特征进行...利用2001—2014年共14 a的北京首都国际机场(以下简称机场)观测资料和Micaps高空及地面观测资料,将发生在机场的雷暴日分为八类(即强雷暴、弱雷暴、湿对流、干对流、弱冰雹、强冰雹、冰雹大风和混合对流),对每种类型雷暴的气候特征进行了统计研究,得出如下结论:(1)机场雷暴以弱雷暴为主,其次为干对流。弱雷暴和干对流在6月出现最多,强雷暴和湿对流在7月最多,弱冰雹出现在春末夏初及秋季,而冰雹大风出现在6—7月,混合对流仅在7月出现一次。(2)从500 h Pa形势来看,西风槽造成的雷暴过程最多,其它为西北气流型。500 h Pa为西风槽和低涡、西北气流时,地面辐合线触发的雷暴最多,其次为冷锋。500 h Pa为横槽时,冷锋触发的雷暴比例增加,没有由地形辐合线触发的雷暴。而副高边缘和低压倒槽类型的雷雨过程,触发系统主要为辐合线。(3)从月分布来看,低涡和西北气流型造成的雷雨在6月最多,但横槽和西风槽造成的雷雨出现最多的分别在7月和8月。西风槽、低涡和西北气流型造成的弱雷雨均最多,其次为干对流。而雷暴的地面触发系统以辐合线最多,主要出现在6月,冷锋触发的雷雨主要集中在5—6月,地形辐合线主要集中在7、8月。(4)横槽、西北气流型雷暴的日循环分布只有一个峰值,分别出现在05—12UTC和08—14UTC,但低涡和西风槽却有两个峰值,主峰值分别出现在12—13UTC和08—17UTC,次峰值分别在07—08UTC和00—01UTC。展开更多
通过对2007—2016年东莞不同片区雷雨大风时空变化和天气类型统计,结果表明:东莞北部最常发生雷雨大风,但局地性强,南部雷雨大风分布均匀,城区和东部山区雷雨大风相对较少;雷雨大风天数整体有波动下降的趋势,并大致有"一年高两年低...通过对2007—2016年东莞不同片区雷雨大风时空变化和天气类型统计,结果表明:东莞北部最常发生雷雨大风,但局地性强,南部雷雨大风分布均匀,城区和东部山区雷雨大风相对较少;雷雨大风天数整体有波动下降的趋势,并大致有"一年高两年低"的起伏变化;雷雨大风主要集中在5—8月,其中6月出现最多,午后和傍晚时段为雷雨大风的高发期;东莞雷雨大风风力以8级风为主,最大阵风为15级;按500 h Pa形势,东莞雷雨大风分为5类:槽前型、东风型、槽后型、高压型和脊后型。展开更多
Based on the data of hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in 2 481 stations in China from 1961 to 2016,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,periodicity and climate abruption characteristics of fo...Based on the data of hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in 2 481 stations in China from 1961 to 2016,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,periodicity and climate abruption characteristics of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China were analyzed by various mathematical statistics methods. The results showed that in time,the days of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China decreased,and the hail and thunderstorm days were characterized by " increasing firstly and then decreasing" from 1961 to 2016. The hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in China had oscillation cycles of 3-5,2-3,1-2 and 1-4 a respectively,and the hail and thunderstorm days changed suddenly in 2002 and 1992 respectively. In space,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and western Sichuan were the highvalue distribution areas of hail,gale and thunderstorm days. The high-value distribution areas of thunderstorm days were also distributed to the south of the Yangtze River. South China and its southwestern regions at the same latitude were the high-value distribution areas of lightning days. In terms of trend,the hail days in China showed a decreasing trend mainly in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The gale days in China decreased in the east,was unchanged in the central region,and increased and decreased alternately in the west. The thunderstorm days in China increased in Tibet,North China,Chongqing,Zhejiang and northwestern Heilongjiang. The lightning days in China decreased obviously to the south of the Yangtze River. In terms of the fluctuation,the hail days fluctuated greatly in the southeast. The gale days fluctuated greatly to the east of Hu Huanyong line. The thunderstorms days in China fluctuated greatly in the northwest and slightly in the southeast. In addition to the small fluctuation in northern Xinjiang and South China,the lightning days fluctuated greatly in other regions of China.展开更多
文摘利用2001—2014年共14 a的北京首都国际机场(以下简称机场)观测资料和Micaps高空及地面观测资料,将发生在机场的雷暴日分为八类(即强雷暴、弱雷暴、湿对流、干对流、弱冰雹、强冰雹、冰雹大风和混合对流),对每种类型雷暴的气候特征进行了统计研究,得出如下结论:(1)机场雷暴以弱雷暴为主,其次为干对流。弱雷暴和干对流在6月出现最多,强雷暴和湿对流在7月最多,弱冰雹出现在春末夏初及秋季,而冰雹大风出现在6—7月,混合对流仅在7月出现一次。(2)从500 h Pa形势来看,西风槽造成的雷暴过程最多,其它为西北气流型。500 h Pa为西风槽和低涡、西北气流时,地面辐合线触发的雷暴最多,其次为冷锋。500 h Pa为横槽时,冷锋触发的雷暴比例增加,没有由地形辐合线触发的雷暴。而副高边缘和低压倒槽类型的雷雨过程,触发系统主要为辐合线。(3)从月分布来看,低涡和西北气流型造成的雷雨在6月最多,但横槽和西风槽造成的雷雨出现最多的分别在7月和8月。西风槽、低涡和西北气流型造成的弱雷雨均最多,其次为干对流。而雷暴的地面触发系统以辐合线最多,主要出现在6月,冷锋触发的雷雨主要集中在5—6月,地形辐合线主要集中在7、8月。(4)横槽、西北气流型雷暴的日循环分布只有一个峰值,分别出现在05—12UTC和08—14UTC,但低涡和西风槽却有两个峰值,主峰值分别出现在12—13UTC和08—17UTC,次峰值分别在07—08UTC和00—01UTC。
文摘通过对2007—2016年东莞不同片区雷雨大风时空变化和天气类型统计,结果表明:东莞北部最常发生雷雨大风,但局地性强,南部雷雨大风分布均匀,城区和东部山区雷雨大风相对较少;雷雨大风天数整体有波动下降的趋势,并大致有"一年高两年低"的起伏变化;雷雨大风主要集中在5—8月,其中6月出现最多,午后和傍晚时段为雷雨大风的高发期;东莞雷雨大风风力以8级风为主,最大阵风为15级;按500 h Pa形势,东莞雷雨大风分为5类:槽前型、东风型、槽后型、高压型和脊后型。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41801064,71790611)Funds for Research of Atmospheric Sciences in Central Asia (CAAS201804)
文摘Based on the data of hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in 2 481 stations in China from 1961 to 2016,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,periodicity and climate abruption characteristics of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China were analyzed by various mathematical statistics methods. The results showed that in time,the days of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China decreased,and the hail and thunderstorm days were characterized by " increasing firstly and then decreasing" from 1961 to 2016. The hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in China had oscillation cycles of 3-5,2-3,1-2 and 1-4 a respectively,and the hail and thunderstorm days changed suddenly in 2002 and 1992 respectively. In space,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and western Sichuan were the highvalue distribution areas of hail,gale and thunderstorm days. The high-value distribution areas of thunderstorm days were also distributed to the south of the Yangtze River. South China and its southwestern regions at the same latitude were the high-value distribution areas of lightning days. In terms of trend,the hail days in China showed a decreasing trend mainly in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The gale days in China decreased in the east,was unchanged in the central region,and increased and decreased alternately in the west. The thunderstorm days in China increased in Tibet,North China,Chongqing,Zhejiang and northwestern Heilongjiang. The lightning days in China decreased obviously to the south of the Yangtze River. In terms of the fluctuation,the hail days fluctuated greatly in the southeast. The gale days fluctuated greatly to the east of Hu Huanyong line. The thunderstorms days in China fluctuated greatly in the northwest and slightly in the southeast. In addition to the small fluctuation in northern Xinjiang and South China,the lightning days fluctuated greatly in other regions of China.
