Understanding the scaling relation of damage zone width with displacement of faults is important for predicting subsurface faulting mechanisms and fluid flow processes. The understanding of this scaling relationship i...Understanding the scaling relation of damage zone width with displacement of faults is important for predicting subsurface faulting mechanisms and fluid flow processes. The understanding of this scaling relationship is influenced by the accuracy of the methods and types of data utilized to investigate faults. In this study, seismic reflection data are used to investigate the throw and damage zone width of five strike-slip faults a ecting Ordovician carbonates of the Tarim intracraton basin,NW China. The results indicate that fault slips with a throw less than 200 m had formed wide damage zones up to 3000 m in width. Also, damage zone width is found to have both a positive correlation and a power-law relation with throw of two orders of magnitude, with a ratio of these values varying in a range of 2–15. The relationship between throw and damage zone width is not a simple power-law and changes its slope from small to larger size faults. The results indicate that throw scales well with damage zone width for the studied faults, and hence these can be used to predict fault geometries in the Tarim Basin. The study of the wide carbonate damage zones presented here provides new insights into scaling of large-size faults, which involve multiple faulting stages.展开更多
A preliminary field-based investigation was undertaken in a small(<10 km^(2))river valley located in the mountainous Jura region of northwest Switzerland.The aims of the work were to assess sediment generation and ...A preliminary field-based investigation was undertaken in a small(<10 km^(2))river valley located in the mountainous Jura region of northwest Switzerland.The aims of the work were to assess sediment generation and annual sediment transport rates by tree throw on forested hillslopes,and to document surface hydrology characteristics on four fresh soil mounds associated with recent tree throws over a 24-day monitoring period.For the soil mounds,average sediment recovery ranged from 7.7-28.2 g(dry weight),equivalent to a suspended sediment concentration of 145.2-327.8 g L^(-1),and runoff coefficients ranged from 1.0%-4.2%.Based on a soil bulk density value of 1,044 kg m^(-3),upslope runoff generation areas were denuded by an average 0.14 mm by the end of the 24-day monitoring period,representing an erosion rate equivalent to 2.1 mm yr^(-1).A ca.50 cm high soil mound could therefore feasibly persist for around 200-250 years.For tree throw work,the dimensions of 215 individual tree throws were measured and their locations mapped in 12 separate locations along the river valley representing a cumulative area equivalent to 5.3 ha(av.density,43 per ha).Tree throws generated a total of 20.1 m^(3) of fine-sediment(<2 mm diameter),or the equivalent of 3.8×10^(-4) m^(3) m^(-2).The process of tree throw was originally attributed to two extreme weather events that occurred in west and central Europe in late December 1999.Taking the 18-year period since both storms,this represents an annual sediment transport rate of 2.7×10^(-5) m^(3) m^(-1) yr^(-1).Exploring the relationship with wind on fall direction,65.5%of tree throws(143)generally fell in a downslope direction irrespective of hillslope aspect on which they were located.This infers that individual storms may not have been responsible for the majority of tree throws,but instead,could be associated with root failure.Given the high density of tree throws and their relative maturity(average age 41 years),we hypothesise that once trees attain a certain age in this river valley,their physiognomy(i.e.height,mass and centre of gravity)compromises their ability to remain securely anchored.We tentatively attribute this possibility to the presence of bedrock close to the surface,and to the shallow soil profile overlaying steep hillslopes.展开更多
Disabled shoulders of throwing athletes typically present with extended undersurface partial tears of the rotator cuff, which include the posterior supraspinatus and the anterior infraspinatus tendon to a variable ext...Disabled shoulders of throwing athletes typically present with extended undersurface partial tears of the rotator cuff, which include the posterior supraspinatus and the anterior infraspinatus tendon to a variable extent. We propose a modified transtendon repair technique to adequately treat this subset of patients. The repair includes two double-loaded anchors, at the anterior and the posterior end of the tear, respectively. With the help of an angulated penetrator we create a medial and a lateral band of sutures on top of the cuff, producing a broad contact in the tendon-to-bone interface. All the 9 so far operated patients were young men, 7 of them base-ball pitchers, and 5 active in competitive sports. The Constant Score rose from 72 points preoperatively to 99 points at 12 months follow-up. Three of the still active pitchers were able to return to their previous level in sports after one year. The improved footprint contact of our novel repair construct should allow for better healing and, therefore, a higher chance of return to competition.展开更多
Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic character...Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic characteristics and parameters of the mechanism have been analyzed and solved,which lays foundation for the implementation of the variable crank length snow melting agent throwing mechanism designed in this paper.Based on the trajectory equation of the point,the mathematical model of the throwing mechanism was established,and the theoretical trajectory of the end point of the throwing mechanism was obtained by programming.The parametric modeling and trajectory drawing were carried out by computer aided three⁃dimensional interactive application(CATIA),and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparison.The regional trajectory distribution characteristics of the end points of the throwing mechanism were studied by using the trajectory region location method,and the influence of various parameters on the trajectory was investigated by using the numerical cycle comparison method.The human⁃computer interaction system of snow melting agent throwing mechanism with variable crank length was constructed by using Microsoft Visual Basic(VB)software.Based on the restriction conditions,the optimum combination of structural adjustment parameters and operational parameters suitable for Harbin first⁃class roads was obtained by using orthogonal test table,which provides an effective method to solve the parameters of the variable crank length cam mechanism with smooth impulse trajectory.展开更多
In this paper, the characteristics of Jiangzao 361, as well as its appear- ance in throwing transplanting are introduced, and the high-yielding throwing tech- nique for Jiangzao 361 is summed up. On the basis of the e...In this paper, the characteristics of Jiangzao 361, as well as its appear- ance in throwing transplanting are introduced, and the high-yielding throwing tech- nique for Jiangzao 361 is summed up. On the basis of the experimental demon- stration, the corresponding matching throwing technique is put forward.展开更多
From the beginning of 2008,together with the appreciation of the RMB and the rising costs of labor and raw materials,tight monetary policies have contributed to the fi- nancial plight of small and medium-sized enterpr...From the beginning of 2008,together with the appreciation of the RMB and the rising costs of labor and raw materials,tight monetary policies have contributed to the fi- nancial plight of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),especially those heav- ily reliant on exports.展开更多
A verb plays an vital role in a sentence, therefore the study of this perspective attracts numerous scholars. Particularly, corpus-based study has increasing attention in recent years. The present study chooses the TH...A verb plays an vital role in a sentence, therefore the study of this perspective attracts numerous scholars. Particularly, corpus-based study has increasing attention in recent years. The present study chooses the THROW verbs in both English and Chi?nese as the subject. The author applies"collocated"function or"pattern query"in two corpus, then analyzes the distinctions of the semantic collocation of the THROW verbs. The findings show that although these verbs belong to the same categorization in a limit?ed range of the specific histories and cultures, there is no one-to-one corresponding relation of these THROW verbs in translation across the two languages.展开更多
We are going to tell you some stories that took place in old Tibet, before the Democratic Reform in the late 1950s. about how, for the sole "crime" of being slaves or serfs, people had their limbs amputated,...We are going to tell you some stories that took place in old Tibet, before the Democratic Reform in the late 1950s. about how, for the sole "crime" of being slaves or serfs, people had their limbs amputated, eyes gouged out or noses cut off. These stories of horror might be beyond comprehension of any person with the least sense of human civilization, even though they are real. The system of serfdom practiced in old Tibet featured a combination of civil and展开更多
Throwing an embroidered ball is an act of seeking marriage practiced by noble family maidens in ancient China. March 2009, the early spring of Beijing saw Italian textile industry's passion for a close relationshi...Throwing an embroidered ball is an act of seeking marriage practiced by noble family maidens in ancient China. March 2009, the early spring of Beijing saw Italian textile industry's passion for a close relationship with the Chinese market after a global shiver in the freezing economic winter. It is a ball of elegance, quality and sincere cooperation, which is to become larger and more attractive with the stable development of Chinese textile industry and the ever expansion of Chinese consumption market.展开更多
The finite segment method is used to model the line throwing rocket system.A dynamic model of line throwing rocket with flight motion based on Kane's method is presented by the kinematics description of the system...The finite segment method is used to model the line throwing rocket system.A dynamic model of line throwing rocket with flight motion based on Kane's method is presented by the kinematics description of the system and the consideration of the forces acting on the system.The experiment designed according to the parameters of the dynamic model is made.The simulation and experiment results,such as range,velocity and flight time,are compared and analyzed.The simulation results are basically agreed with the test data,which shows that the flight motion of the line throwing rocket can be predicted by the dynamic model.A theoretical model and guide for the further research on the disturbance of rope and the guidance,flight control of line throwing rocket are provided by the dynamic modeling.展开更多
To correct the working state of a throwing component and achieve an ideal narrow,far,and uniform material projectile flow for a side-throwing device for organic fertilizer with inclined opposing discs,a systematic opt...To correct the working state of a throwing component and achieve an ideal narrow,far,and uniform material projectile flow for a side-throwing device for organic fertilizer with inclined opposing discs,a systematic optimization of the auxiliary mechanisms(baffle,upper deflector,and side deflector)was performed.Starting from a basic analysis of the working principles of each side-throwing device component,theoretical modeling and MATLAB numerical calculations were used to determine the departure angle providing the farthest fertilizer distance,as well as the maximum and minimum throwing angles required to achieve a target distance of 10 m.These calculations informed the optimization and configuration of the basic structures of each auxiliary mechanism component.The impact of the baffle on fertilizer movement was analyzed,leading to an optimization of the baffle’s height and its horizontal position in relation to the main throwing disc,guiding the design of the discharge port structure.Combining the theoretical analysis results,the surface of the upper deflector was fitted,and a side deflector was added to assist in limiting the scattering angle of the projectile flow.An EDEM simulation showed that the optimized auxiliary mechanisms worked well together,resulting in a narrower discharge width,a more concentrated projectile flow,and improved uniformity in spreading.Prototype testing confirmed that from the side projection angle between the spreading direction and vertically upward,the projectile flow angle domain was adjusted from 18°-45°to 23°-32°.With the optimization of other auxiliary mechanisms,the coefficient of variation in spreading uniformity decreased from 25.95%to 19.21%,the effective throwing distance increased from 10.1 to 11.2 m,and the scattering angle decreased from 12°to 4°,effectively enhancing the performance of the side-throwing device.展开更多
Uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machines can achieve the processes of straw chopping,straw transport,sowing,fertilization,and straw mulching at the same time,which is widely used in many areas of China....Uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machines can achieve the processes of straw chopping,straw transport,sowing,fertilization,and straw mulching at the same time,which is widely used in many areas of China.Conveying device is one of the important components used to convey,elevate and throw straw.However,the problems of high power consumption and congestion affect the promotion of the machine.Therefore,the conveying device of uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machine was analyzed in order to determine its device operation mechanism.Kinematic and dynamic analyses of particles of crushed rice straw during lifting and dispersion are used to develop a flexible-body model of rod-shaped and agglomerate-shaped crushed straw and a coupling model including the mechanical structure of the device.By integrating computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method,the gas-solid coupling theory in numerical simulations and motion analysis of crushed straw particles is used to determine how the flow field and motion characteristics affect the conveying performance.Besides,regression equations to describe the relationships between the factors and each assessment index were established by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis with the software Design-Expert.The effect of throwing blade speed X_(1),conveying volume of crushed straw X_(2),and pipeline diameter X_(3) on the throwing speed of crushed straw Y_(1) and specific power consumption Y2 were investigated.The highest throwing speed of crushed straw and lowest specific power consumption are the optimization goal.The results of optimization showed that the predict the best optimal parameters were 2000 r/min throwing blade rotational speed,1.4 kg/s conveying volume,and 220 mm pipeline diameter,the planter achieved a throwing speed of 12.2 m/s and specific power consumption of 9179 m^(2)/s^(2).And then a field test verification was conducted.The planter achieved a throwing speed 12.4 m/s and specific power consumption 9070 m^(2)/s^(2) while selecting the best optimal parameters.Thus,the optimal parameters can provide a high-performance operation and satisfy the actual operation requirements The results provide a theoretical basis and data support for seeding technology innovation and equipment optimization to ensure uniform crushed straw throwing in dense rice stubble fields.展开更多
After Shanghai’s success in co-host-ing an environmentally friendly Olympics last year with Beijing,China’s eastern metropolis is setting another high bar of
China’s art galleries,museums and libraries are to be made admission-free for the public In two years,Chinese citizens will not have to pay to enter public art galleries,the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Fi...China’s art galleries,museums and libraries are to be made admission-free for the public In two years,Chinese citizens will not have to pay to enter public art galleries,the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Finance jointly announced on February 10.展开更多
基金partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41472103)Technology Major Project(2016ZX05004001)
文摘Understanding the scaling relation of damage zone width with displacement of faults is important for predicting subsurface faulting mechanisms and fluid flow processes. The understanding of this scaling relationship is influenced by the accuracy of the methods and types of data utilized to investigate faults. In this study, seismic reflection data are used to investigate the throw and damage zone width of five strike-slip faults a ecting Ordovician carbonates of the Tarim intracraton basin,NW China. The results indicate that fault slips with a throw less than 200 m had formed wide damage zones up to 3000 m in width. Also, damage zone width is found to have both a positive correlation and a power-law relation with throw of two orders of magnitude, with a ratio of these values varying in a range of 2–15. The relationship between throw and damage zone width is not a simple power-law and changes its slope from small to larger size faults. The results indicate that throw scales well with damage zone width for the studied faults, and hence these can be used to predict fault geometries in the Tarim Basin. The study of the wide carbonate damage zones presented here provides new insights into scaling of large-size faults, which involve multiple faulting stages.
基金funded by the Physical Geography and Environmental Change Research Group,Department of Environmental Sciences,University of Basel。
文摘A preliminary field-based investigation was undertaken in a small(<10 km^(2))river valley located in the mountainous Jura region of northwest Switzerland.The aims of the work were to assess sediment generation and annual sediment transport rates by tree throw on forested hillslopes,and to document surface hydrology characteristics on four fresh soil mounds associated with recent tree throws over a 24-day monitoring period.For the soil mounds,average sediment recovery ranged from 7.7-28.2 g(dry weight),equivalent to a suspended sediment concentration of 145.2-327.8 g L^(-1),and runoff coefficients ranged from 1.0%-4.2%.Based on a soil bulk density value of 1,044 kg m^(-3),upslope runoff generation areas were denuded by an average 0.14 mm by the end of the 24-day monitoring period,representing an erosion rate equivalent to 2.1 mm yr^(-1).A ca.50 cm high soil mound could therefore feasibly persist for around 200-250 years.For tree throw work,the dimensions of 215 individual tree throws were measured and their locations mapped in 12 separate locations along the river valley representing a cumulative area equivalent to 5.3 ha(av.density,43 per ha).Tree throws generated a total of 20.1 m^(3) of fine-sediment(<2 mm diameter),or the equivalent of 3.8×10^(-4) m^(3) m^(-2).The process of tree throw was originally attributed to two extreme weather events that occurred in west and central Europe in late December 1999.Taking the 18-year period since both storms,this represents an annual sediment transport rate of 2.7×10^(-5) m^(3) m^(-1) yr^(-1).Exploring the relationship with wind on fall direction,65.5%of tree throws(143)generally fell in a downslope direction irrespective of hillslope aspect on which they were located.This infers that individual storms may not have been responsible for the majority of tree throws,but instead,could be associated with root failure.Given the high density of tree throws and their relative maturity(average age 41 years),we hypothesise that once trees attain a certain age in this river valley,their physiognomy(i.e.height,mass and centre of gravity)compromises their ability to remain securely anchored.We tentatively attribute this possibility to the presence of bedrock close to the surface,and to the shallow soil profile overlaying steep hillslopes.
文摘Disabled shoulders of throwing athletes typically present with extended undersurface partial tears of the rotator cuff, which include the posterior supraspinatus and the anterior infraspinatus tendon to a variable extent. We propose a modified transtendon repair technique to adequately treat this subset of patients. The repair includes two double-loaded anchors, at the anterior and the posterior end of the tear, respectively. With the help of an angulated penetrator we create a medial and a lateral band of sutures on top of the cuff, producing a broad contact in the tendon-to-bone interface. All the 9 so far operated patients were young men, 7 of them base-ball pitchers, and 5 active in competitive sports. The Constant Score rose from 72 points preoperatively to 99 points at 12 months follow-up. Three of the still active pitchers were able to return to their previous level in sports after one year. The improved footprint contact of our novel repair construct should allow for better healing and, therefore, a higher chance of return to competition.
基金Sponsored by the Young Talents Project of Northeast Agriculture Scholars Program(Grant No.54971412)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0700105-2).
文摘Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic characteristics and parameters of the mechanism have been analyzed and solved,which lays foundation for the implementation of the variable crank length snow melting agent throwing mechanism designed in this paper.Based on the trajectory equation of the point,the mathematical model of the throwing mechanism was established,and the theoretical trajectory of the end point of the throwing mechanism was obtained by programming.The parametric modeling and trajectory drawing were carried out by computer aided three⁃dimensional interactive application(CATIA),and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparison.The regional trajectory distribution characteristics of the end points of the throwing mechanism were studied by using the trajectory region location method,and the influence of various parameters on the trajectory was investigated by using the numerical cycle comparison method.The human⁃computer interaction system of snow melting agent throwing mechanism with variable crank length was constructed by using Microsoft Visual Basic(VB)software.Based on the restriction conditions,the optimum combination of structural adjustment parameters and operational parameters suitable for Harbin first⁃class roads was obtained by using orthogonal test table,which provides an effective method to solve the parameters of the variable crank length cam mechanism with smooth impulse trajectory.
文摘In this paper, the characteristics of Jiangzao 361, as well as its appear- ance in throwing transplanting are introduced, and the high-yielding throwing tech- nique for Jiangzao 361 is summed up. On the basis of the experimental demon- stration, the corresponding matching throwing technique is put forward.
文摘From the beginning of 2008,together with the appreciation of the RMB and the rising costs of labor and raw materials,tight monetary policies have contributed to the fi- nancial plight of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),especially those heav- ily reliant on exports.
文摘A verb plays an vital role in a sentence, therefore the study of this perspective attracts numerous scholars. Particularly, corpus-based study has increasing attention in recent years. The present study chooses the THROW verbs in both English and Chi?nese as the subject. The author applies"collocated"function or"pattern query"in two corpus, then analyzes the distinctions of the semantic collocation of the THROW verbs. The findings show that although these verbs belong to the same categorization in a limit?ed range of the specific histories and cultures, there is no one-to-one corresponding relation of these THROW verbs in translation across the two languages.
文摘We are going to tell you some stories that took place in old Tibet, before the Democratic Reform in the late 1950s. about how, for the sole "crime" of being slaves or serfs, people had their limbs amputated, eyes gouged out or noses cut off. These stories of horror might be beyond comprehension of any person with the least sense of human civilization, even though they are real. The system of serfdom practiced in old Tibet featured a combination of civil and
文摘Throwing an embroidered ball is an act of seeking marriage practiced by noble family maidens in ancient China. March 2009, the early spring of Beijing saw Italian textile industry's passion for a close relationship with the Chinese market after a global shiver in the freezing economic winter. It is a ball of elegance, quality and sincere cooperation, which is to become larger and more attractive with the stable development of Chinese textile industry and the ever expansion of Chinese consumption market.
文摘The finite segment method is used to model the line throwing rocket system.A dynamic model of line throwing rocket with flight motion based on Kane's method is presented by the kinematics description of the system and the consideration of the forces acting on the system.The experiment designed according to the parameters of the dynamic model is made.The simulation and experiment results,such as range,velocity and flight time,are compared and analyzed.The simulation results are basically agreed with the test data,which shows that the flight motion of the line throwing rocket can be predicted by the dynamic model.A theoretical model and guide for the further research on the disturbance of rope and the guidance,flight control of line throwing rocket are provided by the dynamic modeling.
基金financially supported by the“Suqian Talent”Xiongying Program for Educational Innovation Talents Project(Grant No.SQXY202431)the Heilongjiang Province First-Level Leading Talents Reserve Leader Foundation([2017]487).
文摘To correct the working state of a throwing component and achieve an ideal narrow,far,and uniform material projectile flow for a side-throwing device for organic fertilizer with inclined opposing discs,a systematic optimization of the auxiliary mechanisms(baffle,upper deflector,and side deflector)was performed.Starting from a basic analysis of the working principles of each side-throwing device component,theoretical modeling and MATLAB numerical calculations were used to determine the departure angle providing the farthest fertilizer distance,as well as the maximum and minimum throwing angles required to achieve a target distance of 10 m.These calculations informed the optimization and configuration of the basic structures of each auxiliary mechanism component.The impact of the baffle on fertilizer movement was analyzed,leading to an optimization of the baffle’s height and its horizontal position in relation to the main throwing disc,guiding the design of the discharge port structure.Combining the theoretical analysis results,the surface of the upper deflector was fitted,and a side deflector was added to assist in limiting the scattering angle of the projectile flow.An EDEM simulation showed that the optimized auxiliary mechanisms worked well together,resulting in a narrower discharge width,a more concentrated projectile flow,and improved uniformity in spreading.Prototype testing confirmed that from the side projection angle between the spreading direction and vertically upward,the projectile flow angle domain was adjusted from 18°-45°to 23°-32°.With the optimization of other auxiliary mechanisms,the coefficient of variation in spreading uniformity decreased from 25.95%to 19.21%,the effective throwing distance increased from 10.1 to 11.2 m,and the scattering angle decreased from 12°to 4°,effectively enhancing the performance of the side-throwing device.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for CARS-13Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20221187).
文摘Uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machines can achieve the processes of straw chopping,straw transport,sowing,fertilization,and straw mulching at the same time,which is widely used in many areas of China.Conveying device is one of the important components used to convey,elevate and throw straw.However,the problems of high power consumption and congestion affect the promotion of the machine.Therefore,the conveying device of uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machine was analyzed in order to determine its device operation mechanism.Kinematic and dynamic analyses of particles of crushed rice straw during lifting and dispersion are used to develop a flexible-body model of rod-shaped and agglomerate-shaped crushed straw and a coupling model including the mechanical structure of the device.By integrating computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method,the gas-solid coupling theory in numerical simulations and motion analysis of crushed straw particles is used to determine how the flow field and motion characteristics affect the conveying performance.Besides,regression equations to describe the relationships between the factors and each assessment index were established by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis with the software Design-Expert.The effect of throwing blade speed X_(1),conveying volume of crushed straw X_(2),and pipeline diameter X_(3) on the throwing speed of crushed straw Y_(1) and specific power consumption Y2 were investigated.The highest throwing speed of crushed straw and lowest specific power consumption are the optimization goal.The results of optimization showed that the predict the best optimal parameters were 2000 r/min throwing blade rotational speed,1.4 kg/s conveying volume,and 220 mm pipeline diameter,the planter achieved a throwing speed of 12.2 m/s and specific power consumption of 9179 m^(2)/s^(2).And then a field test verification was conducted.The planter achieved a throwing speed 12.4 m/s and specific power consumption 9070 m^(2)/s^(2) while selecting the best optimal parameters.Thus,the optimal parameters can provide a high-performance operation and satisfy the actual operation requirements The results provide a theoretical basis and data support for seeding technology innovation and equipment optimization to ensure uniform crushed straw throwing in dense rice stubble fields.
文摘After Shanghai’s success in co-host-ing an environmentally friendly Olympics last year with Beijing,China’s eastern metropolis is setting another high bar of
文摘China’s art galleries,museums and libraries are to be made admission-free for the public In two years,Chinese citizens will not have to pay to enter public art galleries,the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Finance jointly announced on February 10.
