This paper presents a ZUC-256 stream cipher algorithm hardware system in order to prevent the advanced security threats for 5 G wireless network.The main innovation of the hardware system is that a six-stage pipeline ...This paper presents a ZUC-256 stream cipher algorithm hardware system in order to prevent the advanced security threats for 5 G wireless network.The main innovation of the hardware system is that a six-stage pipeline scheme comprised of initialization and work stage is employed to enhance the solving speed of the critical logical paths.Moreover,the pipeline scheme adopts a novel optimized hardware structure to fast complete the Mod(231-1)calculation.The function of the hardware system has been validated experimentally in detail.The hardware system shows great superiorities.Compared with the same type system in recent literatures,the logic delay reduces by 47%with an additional hardware resources of only 4 multiplexers,the throughput rate reaches 5.26 Gbps and yields at least 45%better performance,the throughput rate per unit area increases 14.8%.The hardware system provides a faster and safer encryption module for the 5G wireless network.展开更多
目的探究磁珠富集联合高通量酶联免疫吸附试验对血站血液质量控制的应用价值,为血站血液传染病筛查提供更优的检测方案。方法将2023年1月—2025年1月血站采取的100份血液标本作为观察对象,按检测方法分为对照组与观察组,各50份。对照组...目的探究磁珠富集联合高通量酶联免疫吸附试验对血站血液质量控制的应用价值,为血站血液传染病筛查提供更优的检测方案。方法将2023年1月—2025年1月血站采取的100份血液标本作为观察对象,按检测方法分为对照组与观察组,各50份。对照组采用单纯高通量酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测,观察组采用磁珠富集联合高通量ELISA检测,分析其对人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒(human acquired immunodeficiency virus,HIV)抗体、丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)抗体、梅毒螺旋体(treponema pallidum,TP)抗体、乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)的检测结果,比较2种检查方法的安全性、阳性检出率、灵敏度、特异度、诊断符合率、约登指数诊断效能指标及检验失误率。结果100份血液标本中,使用蛋白印迹法检出阳性11份、阴性89份,观察组阳性检出率、特异度分别为100%、94.87%,高于对照组的72.73%、83.33%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组灵敏度、诊断符合率分别为81.82%、36.36%,高于对照组的36.36%、78.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组各检测环节失误率均为0,总失误率为0,低于对照组的6.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组在检测过程均无生物安全隐患。结论磁珠富集联合高通量ELISA检验法可进一步提升血站血液传染病的检出率与诊断准确率,降低检验失误率,相较于单纯高通量ELISA更具检测优势,对血站血液质量控制和标准化实验室建设具有更高的实践意义。展开更多
This paper presents a performance study of the distributed coordination function （DCF） of 802.11 networks considering erroneous channel and capture effects under non-saturated traffic conditions employing a basic ac...This paper presents a performance study of the distributed coordination function （DCF） of 802.11 networks considering erroneous channel and capture effects under non-saturated traffic conditions employing a basic access method.The aggregate throughput of a practical wireless local area network （WLAN） strongly depends on the channel conditions.In a real radio environment,the received signal power at the access point from a station is subjected to deterministic path loss,shadowing,and fast multipath fading.The binary exponential backoff （BEB） mechanism of IEEE 802.11 DCF severely suffers from more channel idle time under high bit error rate （BER）.To alleviate the low performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF,a new mechanism is introduced,which greatly outperforms the existing methods under a high BER.A multidimensional Markov chain model is used to characterize the behavior of DCF in order to account both non-ideal channel conditions and capture effects.展开更多
This paper presents a scheduling scheme for packet transmission in OFDM wireless system with adaptive techniques.The concept of efficient transmission capacity is introduced to make scheduling decisions based on chann...This paper presents a scheduling scheme for packet transmission in OFDM wireless system with adaptive techniques.The concept of efficient transmission capacity is introduced to make scheduling decisions based on channel conditions.We present a mathematical technique for determining the optimum transmission rate, packet size, Forward Error Correction and constellation size in wireless system that have multi-carriers for OFDM modulation in downlink transmission. The throughput is defined as the number of bits per second correctly received. Trade-offs between the throughput and the operation range are observed, and equations are derived for the optimal choice of the design variables. These parameters are SNR dependent and can be adapted dynamically in response to the mobility of a wireless data terminal. We also look at the joint optimization problem involving all the design parameters together. In the low SNR region it is achieved by adapting the symbol rate so that the received SNR per symbol stays at some preferred value. Finally, we give a characterization of the optimal parameter values as functions of received SNR Simulation results are given to demonstrate efficiency of the scheme.展开更多
Efficient anti-jamming rateless coding based on cognitive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is mainly discussed. Rateless coding with small redundancy and lo...Efficient anti-jamming rateless coding based on cognitive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is mainly discussed. Rateless coding with small redundancy and low complexity is presented, and the optimal design methods of building rateless codes are also proposed. In CRN, anti-jamming rateless coding could recover the lost packets in parallel channels of cognitive OFDM, thus it protects Secondary Users (SUs) from the in-terference by Primary Users (PUs) efficiently. Frame Error Rate (FER) and throughput performance of SU employing anti-jamming rateless coding are analyzed in detail. Performance comparison between rateless coding and piecewise coding are also presented. It is shown that, anti-jamming rateless coding provides low FER and Word Error Rate (WER) performance with uniform sub-channel selection. Meanwhile, it is also verified that, in higher jamming rate and longer code redundancy scenario, rateless coding method could achieve better FER and throughput performance than another anti-jamming coding schemes.展开更多
How to reduce interference among neighbor nodes in wireless mesh networks is still an important and key issue nowa- days. In this paper, an optimized channel assignment algorithm （OCA） is proposed to solve this prob...How to reduce interference among neighbor nodes in wireless mesh networks is still an important and key issue nowa- days. In this paper, an optimized channel assignment algorithm （OCA） is proposed to solve this problem based on link throughput and node priority. The effects of the numbers of network interface cards and channels on the network throughput are analyzed and evaluated, When there are seven of the numbers of both network interface cards and channels, the efficiency of utilizing network interface card and channel reaches highest. Compared with cen- tralized channel assignment algorithm （CCA）, the proposed algo- rithm has less packet loss rate and more network throughput sig- nificantly.展开更多
IEEE 802.11 WLAN cannot guarantee the QoS of applications, thus admission control has been proposed as an essen-tial solution to enhance the QoS. Packet delay and throughput are commonly employed as assessment criteri...IEEE 802.11 WLAN cannot guarantee the QoS of applications, thus admission control has been proposed as an essen-tial solution to enhance the QoS. Packet delay and throughput are commonly employed as assessment criterions to determine whether a new connection can be admitted into the WLAN. Considering the real network condition, the analytical model is presented in this paper, which is aimed to evaluate the packet delay and throughput performance of IEEE 802.11 WLAN in nonsaturated conditions, taking into account diverse transmission rates and diverse traffic flows (i.e. flows with different packet sizes and arrival rates) simultaneously. This model is based on Markov chain and the theoretical predictions are verified by simulation in OPNET 14.5. We also analyze the influences of transmission rate diversity and traffic flow diversity on throughput performance. It is observed that, the presence of even one station with lower transmission rate can cause a considerable degradation in throughput performance of all the stations when they have the same packet size and arrival rate. Higher system throughput can be achieved if lower transmission rate stations transmit packets with smaller size or arrival rate.展开更多
针对无线射频识别(RFID,Radio Frequency Identification)标签多路访问产生的信号碰撞问题,提出了基于碰撞位跟踪的分组N叉跟踪树型RFID防碰撞算法(CBGN,Collision Bit Tracking Tree Algorthm Based on Grouping Nray).利用极大似然位...针对无线射频识别(RFID,Radio Frequency Identification)标签多路访问产生的信号碰撞问题,提出了基于碰撞位跟踪的分组N叉跟踪树型RFID防碰撞算法(CBGN,Collision Bit Tracking Tree Algorthm Based on Grouping Nray).利用极大似然位估算法(MLE,Maximum Likelihood Bit Estimation)估算应用环境下标签的数量.在MLE基础上根据标签标识(ID)将标签分配在不同分组内,并利用N叉树识别分组后的标签,CBGN算法通过分组及N叉识别两种策略相结合来降低碰撞概率及识别延时.最后,以通信复杂度为基准对不同N叉树下的最优分组系数进行了推导,从而获得最优N值及对应分组系数.理论分析和仿真实验表明,CBGN算法具有鲁棒性好和通信复杂度低的特点.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National R&D Program for Major Research Instruments of China(Grant No:62027814)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:62104054)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No:F2018010)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No:LBH-Z20133)the Fundamental Research Funds for The Central Universities,China(3072021CF0806)。
文摘This paper presents a ZUC-256 stream cipher algorithm hardware system in order to prevent the advanced security threats for 5 G wireless network.The main innovation of the hardware system is that a six-stage pipeline scheme comprised of initialization and work stage is employed to enhance the solving speed of the critical logical paths.Moreover,the pipeline scheme adopts a novel optimized hardware structure to fast complete the Mod(231-1)calculation.The function of the hardware system has been validated experimentally in detail.The hardware system shows great superiorities.Compared with the same type system in recent literatures,the logic delay reduces by 47%with an additional hardware resources of only 4 multiplexers,the throughput rate reaches 5.26 Gbps and yields at least 45%better performance,the throughput rate per unit area increases 14.8%.The hardware system provides a faster and safer encryption module for the 5G wireless network.
文摘目的探究磁珠富集联合高通量酶联免疫吸附试验对血站血液质量控制的应用价值,为血站血液传染病筛查提供更优的检测方案。方法将2023年1月—2025年1月血站采取的100份血液标本作为观察对象,按检测方法分为对照组与观察组,各50份。对照组采用单纯高通量酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测,观察组采用磁珠富集联合高通量ELISA检测,分析其对人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒(human acquired immunodeficiency virus,HIV)抗体、丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)抗体、梅毒螺旋体(treponema pallidum,TP)抗体、乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)的检测结果,比较2种检查方法的安全性、阳性检出率、灵敏度、特异度、诊断符合率、约登指数诊断效能指标及检验失误率。结果100份血液标本中,使用蛋白印迹法检出阳性11份、阴性89份,观察组阳性检出率、特异度分别为100%、94.87%,高于对照组的72.73%、83.33%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组灵敏度、诊断符合率分别为81.82%、36.36%,高于对照组的36.36%、78.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组各检测环节失误率均为0,总失误率为0,低于对照组的6.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组在检测过程均无生物安全隐患。结论磁珠富集联合高通量ELISA检验法可进一步提升血站血液传染病的检出率与诊断准确率,降低检验失误率,相较于单纯高通量ELISA更具检测优势,对血站血液质量控制和标准化实验室建设具有更高的实践意义。
文摘This paper presents a performance study of the distributed coordination function （DCF） of 802.11 networks considering erroneous channel and capture effects under non-saturated traffic conditions employing a basic access method.The aggregate throughput of a practical wireless local area network （WLAN） strongly depends on the channel conditions.In a real radio environment,the received signal power at the access point from a station is subjected to deterministic path loss,shadowing,and fast multipath fading.The binary exponential backoff （BEB） mechanism of IEEE 802.11 DCF severely suffers from more channel idle time under high bit error rate （BER）.To alleviate the low performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF,a new mechanism is introduced,which greatly outperforms the existing methods under a high BER.A multidimensional Markov chain model is used to characterize the behavior of DCF in order to account both non-ideal channel conditions and capture effects.
文摘This paper presents a scheduling scheme for packet transmission in OFDM wireless system with adaptive techniques.The concept of efficient transmission capacity is introduced to make scheduling decisions based on channel conditions.We present a mathematical technique for determining the optimum transmission rate, packet size, Forward Error Correction and constellation size in wireless system that have multi-carriers for OFDM modulation in downlink transmission. The throughput is defined as the number of bits per second correctly received. Trade-offs between the throughput and the operation range are observed, and equations are derived for the optimal choice of the design variables. These parameters are SNR dependent and can be adapted dynamically in response to the mobility of a wireless data terminal. We also look at the joint optimization problem involving all the design parameters together. In the low SNR region it is achieved by adapting the symbol rate so that the received SNR per symbol stays at some preferred value. Finally, we give a characterization of the optimal parameter values as functions of received SNR Simulation results are given to demonstrate efficiency of the scheme.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60972039)the Scientific Planning Project of Zhejiang Province entitled "Research and Development of Smart Antenna for the Next Generation Mobile Com-munications Based on TDD"the Young Staff Startup Research Foundation of Hangzhou Dianzi University entitled "Research on Key Technologies of Resource Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Multicarrier Modulation"
文摘Efficient anti-jamming rateless coding based on cognitive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is mainly discussed. Rateless coding with small redundancy and low complexity is presented, and the optimal design methods of building rateless codes are also proposed. In CRN, anti-jamming rateless coding could recover the lost packets in parallel channels of cognitive OFDM, thus it protects Secondary Users (SUs) from the in-terference by Primary Users (PUs) efficiently. Frame Error Rate (FER) and throughput performance of SU employing anti-jamming rateless coding are analyzed in detail. Performance comparison between rateless coding and piecewise coding are also presented. It is shown that, anti-jamming rateless coding provides low FER and Word Error Rate (WER) performance with uniform sub-channel selection. Meanwhile, it is also verified that, in higher jamming rate and longer code redundancy scenario, rateless coding method could achieve better FER and throughput performance than another anti-jamming coding schemes.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Province(L2013433)
文摘How to reduce interference among neighbor nodes in wireless mesh networks is still an important and key issue nowa- days. In this paper, an optimized channel assignment algorithm （OCA） is proposed to solve this problem based on link throughput and node priority. The effects of the numbers of network interface cards and channels on the network throughput are analyzed and evaluated, When there are seven of the numbers of both network interface cards and channels, the efficiency of utilizing network interface card and channel reaches highest. Compared with cen- tralized channel assignment algorithm （CCA）, the proposed algo- rithm has less packet loss rate and more network throughput sig- nificantly.
文摘IEEE 802.11 WLAN cannot guarantee the QoS of applications, thus admission control has been proposed as an essen-tial solution to enhance the QoS. Packet delay and throughput are commonly employed as assessment criterions to determine whether a new connection can be admitted into the WLAN. Considering the real network condition, the analytical model is presented in this paper, which is aimed to evaluate the packet delay and throughput performance of IEEE 802.11 WLAN in nonsaturated conditions, taking into account diverse transmission rates and diverse traffic flows (i.e. flows with different packet sizes and arrival rates) simultaneously. This model is based on Markov chain and the theoretical predictions are verified by simulation in OPNET 14.5. We also analyze the influences of transmission rate diversity and traffic flow diversity on throughput performance. It is observed that, the presence of even one station with lower transmission rate can cause a considerable degradation in throughput performance of all the stations when they have the same packet size and arrival rate. Higher system throughput can be achieved if lower transmission rate stations transmit packets with smaller size or arrival rate.
文摘针对无线射频识别(RFID,Radio Frequency Identification)标签多路访问产生的信号碰撞问题,提出了基于碰撞位跟踪的分组N叉跟踪树型RFID防碰撞算法(CBGN,Collision Bit Tracking Tree Algorthm Based on Grouping Nray).利用极大似然位估算法(MLE,Maximum Likelihood Bit Estimation)估算应用环境下标签的数量.在MLE基础上根据标签标识(ID)将标签分配在不同分组内,并利用N叉树识别分组后的标签,CBGN算法通过分组及N叉识别两种策略相结合来降低碰撞概率及识别延时.最后,以通信复杂度为基准对不同N叉树下的最优分组系数进行了推导,从而获得最优N值及对应分组系数.理论分析和仿真实验表明,CBGN算法具有鲁棒性好和通信复杂度低的特点.
