The flow behaviors of gas and water in hydrate-bearing sediments(HBS)are significantly affected by the threshold pressure gradient(TPG).During long-term natural gas hydrates(NGHs)mining,there exists creep deformation ...The flow behaviors of gas and water in hydrate-bearing sediments(HBS)are significantly affected by the threshold pressure gradient(TPG).During long-term natural gas hydrates(NGHs)mining,there exists creep deformation in HBS,which significantly alters pore structures,makes the flow path of fluid more complex,and leads to changes in TPG.Thus,clarifying the evolution of TPG in HBS during creep is essential for NGH production,but it also confronts enormous challenges.In this study,based on the nonlinear creep constitutive model,a novel theoretical TPG model of HBS during creep is proposed that considers pore structures and hydrate pore morphology.The established model is validated against experimental data,demonstrating its ability to capture the evolution of TPG and permeability in HBS during creep.Additionally,the relationship between initial hydrate saturation and TPG of HBS during creep is revealed by sensitivity analysis.The creep strain increases with the decrease in initial hydrate saturation,leading to a greater TPG and a lower permeability.The evolution of TPG at the stable creep stage and the accelerated creep stage is primarily controlled by the Kelvin element and visco-plastic element,respectively.This novel proposed model provides a mechanistic understanding of TPG evolution in HBS during creep,and it is of great significance to optimize the exploitation of NGHs.展开更多
Field evidence indicates that proppant distribution and threshold pressure gradient have great impacts on well productivity.Aiming at the development of unconventional oil reservoirs in Triassic Chang-7 Unit,Ordos Bas...Field evidence indicates that proppant distribution and threshold pressure gradient have great impacts on well productivity.Aiming at the development of unconventional oil reservoirs in Triassic Chang-7 Unit,Ordos Basin of China,we presented an integrated workflow to investigate how(1)proppant placement in induced fracture and(2)non-linear flow in reservoir matrix would affect well productivity and fluid flow in the reservoir.Compared with our research before(Yue et al.,2020),here we extended this study into the development of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs)with large-scale complicated fracture geometry.The integrated workflow is based on the finite element method and consists of simulation models for proppant-laden fluid flow,fracture flow,and non-linear seepage flow,respectively.Simulation results indicate that the distribution of proppant inside the induced cracks significantly affects the productivity of the MFHW.When we assign an idealized proppant distribution instead of the real distribution,there will be an overestimation of 44.98%in daily oil rate and 30.63%in cumulative oil production after continuous development of 1000 days.Besides,threshold pressure gradient(TPG)also significantly affects the well performance in tight oil reservoirs.If we simply apply linear Darcy’s law to the reservoir matrix,the overall cumulative oil production can be overrated by 77%after 1000 days of development.In general,this research provides new insights into the development of tight oil reservoirs with TPG and meanwhile reveals the significance of proppant distribution and non-linear fluid flow in the production scenario design.展开更多
The threshold pressure gradient and formation stress-sensitive effect as the two prominent physical phenomena in the development of a low-permeable reservoir are both considered here for building a new coupled moving ...The threshold pressure gradient and formation stress-sensitive effect as the two prominent physical phenomena in the development of a low-permeable reservoir are both considered here for building a new coupled moving boundary model of radial flow in porous medium. Moreover, the wellbore storage and skin effect are both incorporated into the inner boundary conditions in the model. It is known that the new coupled moving boundary model has strong nonlinearity. A coordinate transformation based fully implicit finite difference method is adopted to obtain its numerical solutions. The involved coordinate transformation can equivalently transform the dynamic flow region for the moving boundary model into a fixed region as a unit circle, which is very convenient for the model computation by the finite difference method on fixed spatial grids. By comparing the numerical solution obtained from other different numerical method in the existing literature, its validity can be verified. Eventually, the effects of permeability modulus, threshold pressure gradient, wellbore storage coefficient, and skin factor on the transient wellbore pressure, the derivative, and the formation pressure distribution are analyzed respectively.展开更多
The flow behavior in porous media with threshold pressure gradient(TPG) is more complex than Darcy flow and the equations of motion, and outer boundary and inner boundary with TPG are also different from Darcy flow fo...The flow behavior in porous media with threshold pressure gradient(TPG) is more complex than Darcy flow and the equations of motion, and outer boundary and inner boundary with TPG are also different from Darcy flow for unsteady flow of a producing well in a reservoir. An analytic method to solve this kind of problem is in a need of reestablishment. The classical method of Green's function and Newman product principle in a new way are used to solve the unsteady state flow problems of various shapes of well and reservoir while considering the TPG. Four Green's functions of point, line, band and circle while considering the TPG are achieved. Then, two well models of vertical well and horizontal well are built and simultaneously the function to calculate the moving boundary of each well model is provided. The results show that when considering TPG the pressure field is much different, which has a sudden pressure change, with a moving boundary in it. And the moving boundary of each well model increases with time but slows down rapidly, especially when the TGP is large.展开更多
This paper studies the transient pressure of percolation during one production and one shutting in one dimension porous media with threshold pressure gradient, the differential equations are derived and solved with nu...This paper studies the transient pressure of percolation during one production and one shutting in one dimension porous media with threshold pressure gradient, the differential equations are derived and solved with numerical computation. Basing on numerical solution, it is analyzed that: 1. the relation between the steady pressure at well bore (or at endpoint) and threshold pressure gradient, shut-in time, and the corresponding formulae are derived; 2, the regulation of transient pressure peak. The result is very useful and will help experiments and applications in the development of low permeability reservoirs with threshold pressure gradient.展开更多
The flowing mechanism of a low permeability gas reservoir is different from a conventional gas reservoir,especially for that with higher irreducible water saturation the threshold pressure gradient exists. At present,...The flowing mechanism of a low permeability gas reservoir is different from a conventional gas reservoir,especially for that with higher irreducible water saturation the threshold pressure gradient exists. At present,in all the deliverability equation,the additional pressure drop caused by the threshold pressure gradient is viewed as constant,but this method has big error in the practical application. Based on the non-Darcy steady flow equation,the limited integral of the additional pressure drop is solved in this paper and it is realized that the additional pressure drop is not a constant but has something to do with production data,and a new deliverability equation is derived,with the relevant processing method for modified isochronal test data. The new deliverability equation turns out to be practical through onsite application.展开更多
Matrix completion is the extension of compressed sensing.In compressed sensing,we solve the underdetermined equations using sparsity prior of the unknown signals.However,in matrix completion,we solve the underdetermin...Matrix completion is the extension of compressed sensing.In compressed sensing,we solve the underdetermined equations using sparsity prior of the unknown signals.However,in matrix completion,we solve the underdetermined equations based on sparsity prior in singular values set of the unknown matrix,which also calls low-rank prior of the unknown matrix.This paper firstly introduces basic concept of matrix completion,analyses the matrix suitably used in matrix completion,and shows that such matrix should satisfy two conditions:low rank and incoherence property.Then the paper provides three reconstruction algorithms commonly used in matrix completion:singular value thresholding algorithm,singular value projection,and atomic decomposition for minimum rank approximation,puts forward their shortcoming to know the rank of original matrix.The Projected Gradient Descent based on Soft Thresholding(STPGD),proposed in this paper predicts the rank of unknown matrix using soft thresholding,and iteratives based on projected gradient descent,thus it could estimate the rank of unknown matrix exactly with low computational complexity,this is verified by numerical experiments.We also analyze the convergence and computational complexity of the STPGD algorithm,point out this algorithm is guaranteed to converge,and analyse the number of iterations needed to reach reconstruction error.Compared the computational complexity of the STPGD algorithm to other algorithms,we draw the conclusion that the STPGD algorithm not only reduces the computational complexity,but also improves the precision of the reconstruction solution.展开更多
Compared with conventional well, herringbone-like laterals wells can increase the area of oil release, and can reduce the number of wellhead slots of platforms,?and?also can greatly improve the development efficiency....Compared with conventional well, herringbone-like laterals wells can increase the area of oil release, and can reduce the number of wellhead slots of platforms,?and?also can greatly improve the development efficiency. Based on threshold pressure gradient in heavy oil reservoir,?and?the applied principle of mirror reflection and superposition, the pressure distribution equation of herringbone-like laterals wells is obtained in heavy oil reservoir. Productivity model of herringbone-like laterals wells is proposed by reservoir-wellbore steady seepage. The example shows that the productivity model is great accuracy?to?predict the productivity of herringbone-like laterals wells. The model is used to analyze the branching length, branching angle, branching symmetry, branching position and spacing and their effects on productivity of herringbone-like laterals wells. The principle of optimizing the well shape of herringbone-like laterals wells is proposed.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515110376)the Open Research Fund of National Center for International Research on Deep Earth Drilling and Resource Development,Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.DEDRD-2023-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Grant No.107-G1323523046).
文摘The flow behaviors of gas and water in hydrate-bearing sediments(HBS)are significantly affected by the threshold pressure gradient(TPG).During long-term natural gas hydrates(NGHs)mining,there exists creep deformation in HBS,which significantly alters pore structures,makes the flow path of fluid more complex,and leads to changes in TPG.Thus,clarifying the evolution of TPG in HBS during creep is essential for NGH production,but it also confronts enormous challenges.In this study,based on the nonlinear creep constitutive model,a novel theoretical TPG model of HBS during creep is proposed that considers pore structures and hydrate pore morphology.The established model is validated against experimental data,demonstrating its ability to capture the evolution of TPG and permeability in HBS during creep.Additionally,the relationship between initial hydrate saturation and TPG of HBS during creep is revealed by sensitivity analysis.The creep strain increases with the decrease in initial hydrate saturation,leading to a greater TPG and a lower permeability.The evolution of TPG at the stable creep stage and the accelerated creep stage is primarily controlled by the Kelvin element and visco-plastic element,respectively.This novel proposed model provides a mechanistic understanding of TPG evolution in HBS during creep,and it is of great significance to optimize the exploitation of NGHs.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 52274027 as well as the High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology China under Grant G2022105027L.
文摘Field evidence indicates that proppant distribution and threshold pressure gradient have great impacts on well productivity.Aiming at the development of unconventional oil reservoirs in Triassic Chang-7 Unit,Ordos Basin of China,we presented an integrated workflow to investigate how(1)proppant placement in induced fracture and(2)non-linear flow in reservoir matrix would affect well productivity and fluid flow in the reservoir.Compared with our research before(Yue et al.,2020),here we extended this study into the development of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs)with large-scale complicated fracture geometry.The integrated workflow is based on the finite element method and consists of simulation models for proppant-laden fluid flow,fracture flow,and non-linear seepage flow,respectively.Simulation results indicate that the distribution of proppant inside the induced cracks significantly affects the productivity of the MFHW.When we assign an idealized proppant distribution instead of the real distribution,there will be an overestimation of 44.98%in daily oil rate and 30.63%in cumulative oil production after continuous development of 1000 days.Besides,threshold pressure gradient(TPG)also significantly affects the well performance in tight oil reservoirs.If we simply apply linear Darcy’s law to the reservoir matrix,the overall cumulative oil production can be overrated by 77%after 1000 days of development.In general,this research provides new insights into the development of tight oil reservoirs with TPG and meanwhile reveals the significance of proppant distribution and non-linear fluid flow in the production scenario design.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51404232)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M561074)the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.2011ZX05038003)
文摘The threshold pressure gradient and formation stress-sensitive effect as the two prominent physical phenomena in the development of a low-permeable reservoir are both considered here for building a new coupled moving boundary model of radial flow in porous medium. Moreover, the wellbore storage and skin effect are both incorporated into the inner boundary conditions in the model. It is known that the new coupled moving boundary model has strong nonlinearity. A coordinate transformation based fully implicit finite difference method is adopted to obtain its numerical solutions. The involved coordinate transformation can equivalently transform the dynamic flow region for the moving boundary model into a fixed region as a unit circle, which is very convenient for the model computation by the finite difference method on fixed spatial grids. By comparing the numerical solution obtained from other different numerical method in the existing literature, its validity can be verified. Eventually, the effects of permeability modulus, threshold pressure gradient, wellbore storage coefficient, and skin factor on the transient wellbore pressure, the derivative, and the formation pressure distribution are analyzed respectively.
基金Project(51304220) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(3144033) supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(20130007120014) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘The flow behavior in porous media with threshold pressure gradient(TPG) is more complex than Darcy flow and the equations of motion, and outer boundary and inner boundary with TPG are also different from Darcy flow for unsteady flow of a producing well in a reservoir. An analytic method to solve this kind of problem is in a need of reestablishment. The classical method of Green's function and Newman product principle in a new way are used to solve the unsteady state flow problems of various shapes of well and reservoir while considering the TPG. Four Green's functions of point, line, band and circle while considering the TPG are achieved. Then, two well models of vertical well and horizontal well are built and simultaneously the function to calculate the moving boundary of each well model is provided. The results show that when considering TPG the pressure field is much different, which has a sudden pressure change, with a moving boundary in it. And the moving boundary of each well model increases with time but slows down rapidly, especially when the TGP is large.
文摘This paper studies the transient pressure of percolation during one production and one shutting in one dimension porous media with threshold pressure gradient, the differential equations are derived and solved with numerical computation. Basing on numerical solution, it is analyzed that: 1. the relation between the steady pressure at well bore (or at endpoint) and threshold pressure gradient, shut-in time, and the corresponding formulae are derived; 2, the regulation of transient pressure peak. The result is very useful and will help experiments and applications in the development of low permeability reservoirs with threshold pressure gradient.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB209506)
文摘The flowing mechanism of a low permeability gas reservoir is different from a conventional gas reservoir,especially for that with higher irreducible water saturation the threshold pressure gradient exists. At present,in all the deliverability equation,the additional pressure drop caused by the threshold pressure gradient is viewed as constant,but this method has big error in the practical application. Based on the non-Darcy steady flow equation,the limited integral of the additional pressure drop is solved in this paper and it is realized that the additional pressure drop is not a constant but has something to do with production data,and a new deliverability equation is derived,with the relevant processing method for modified isochronal test data. The new deliverability equation turns out to be practical through onsite application.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.61271240)Jiangsu Province Natural Science Fund Project(No.BK2010077)Subject of Twelfth Five Years Plans in Jiangsu Second Normal University(No.417103)
文摘Matrix completion is the extension of compressed sensing.In compressed sensing,we solve the underdetermined equations using sparsity prior of the unknown signals.However,in matrix completion,we solve the underdetermined equations based on sparsity prior in singular values set of the unknown matrix,which also calls low-rank prior of the unknown matrix.This paper firstly introduces basic concept of matrix completion,analyses the matrix suitably used in matrix completion,and shows that such matrix should satisfy two conditions:low rank and incoherence property.Then the paper provides three reconstruction algorithms commonly used in matrix completion:singular value thresholding algorithm,singular value projection,and atomic decomposition for minimum rank approximation,puts forward their shortcoming to know the rank of original matrix.The Projected Gradient Descent based on Soft Thresholding(STPGD),proposed in this paper predicts the rank of unknown matrix using soft thresholding,and iteratives based on projected gradient descent,thus it could estimate the rank of unknown matrix exactly with low computational complexity,this is verified by numerical experiments.We also analyze the convergence and computational complexity of the STPGD algorithm,point out this algorithm is guaranteed to converge,and analyse the number of iterations needed to reach reconstruction error.Compared the computational complexity of the STPGD algorithm to other algorithms,we draw the conclusion that the STPGD algorithm not only reduces the computational complexity,but also improves the precision of the reconstruction solution.
文摘Compared with conventional well, herringbone-like laterals wells can increase the area of oil release, and can reduce the number of wellhead slots of platforms,?and?also can greatly improve the development efficiency. Based on threshold pressure gradient in heavy oil reservoir,?and?the applied principle of mirror reflection and superposition, the pressure distribution equation of herringbone-like laterals wells is obtained in heavy oil reservoir. Productivity model of herringbone-like laterals wells is proposed by reservoir-wellbore steady seepage. The example shows that the productivity model is great accuracy?to?predict the productivity of herringbone-like laterals wells. The model is used to analyze the branching length, branching angle, branching symmetry, branching position and spacing and their effects on productivity of herringbone-like laterals wells. The principle of optimizing the well shape of herringbone-like laterals wells is proposed.
