In this paper, we focus on the space-inhomogeneous three-state on the one-dimension lattice, a one-phase model and a two-phase model include. By using the transfer matrices method by Endo et al., we calculate the stat...In this paper, we focus on the space-inhomogeneous three-state on the one-dimension lattice, a one-phase model and a two-phase model include. By using the transfer matrices method by Endo et al., we calculate the stationary measure for initial state concrete eigenvalue. Finally we found the transfer matrices method is more effective for the three-state quantum walks than the method obtained by Kawai et al.展开更多
This article explores the design of a wireless fire alarm system supported by advanced data fusion technology.It includes discussions on the basic design ideas of the wireless fire alarm system,hardware design analysi...This article explores the design of a wireless fire alarm system supported by advanced data fusion technology.It includes discussions on the basic design ideas of the wireless fire alarm system,hardware design analysis,software design analysis,and simulation analysis,all supported by data fusion technology.Hopefully,this analysis can provide some reference for the rational application of data fusion technology to meet the actual design and application requirements of the system.展开更多
Emitting alarm calls may be costly,but few studies have asked whether calling increases a caller’s risk of predation and survival.Since observing animals calling and being killed is relatively rare,we capitalized on ...Emitting alarm calls may be costly,but few studies have asked whether calling increases a caller’s risk of predation and survival.Since observing animals calling and being killed is relatively rare,we capitalized on over 24,000 h of observations of marmot colonies and asked whether variation in the rate that yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota faviventer)alarm called was associated with the probability of summer mortality,a proxy for predation.Using a generalized mixed model that controlled for factors that infuenced the likelihood of survival,we found that marmots who called at higher rates were substantially more likely to die over the summer.Because virtually all summer mortality is due to predation,these results suggest that calling is indeed costly for marmots.Additionally,the results from a Cox survival analysis showed that marmots that called more lived signifcantly shorter lives.Prior studies have shown that marmots reduce the risk by emitting calls only when close to their burrows,but this newly quantifed survival cost suggests a constraint on eliminating risks.Quantifying the cost of alarm calling using a similar approach in other systems will help us better understand its true costs,which is an essential value for theoretical models of calling and social behavior.展开更多
Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been exten...Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been extensively studied in adult birds, nestlings—lacking direct predation experience and heterospecific alarm exposure—represent an ideal system to investigate the response to interspecific warning cues. This study explored the recognition capabilities of 5–6-day-old nestlings in Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We exposed the nestlings to playbacks of alarm calls directed at parasites and raptors from conspecific, Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana, sympatric species), Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus, allopatric species) and Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius, allopatric species) adults. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the responses of nestlings to the alarm calls of conspecific and allopatric adults directed at cuckoos and sparrowhawks. In addition, interestingly, nestlings significantly reduced their begging in response to conspecific and unfamiliar allopatric Isabelline Shrike and Common Tailorbird alarm calls but exhibited a weak response to the sympatric Vinous-throated Parrotbill. Whether older warbler nestlings with more social experience exhibit stronger responses to the alarm calls of Vinous-throated Parrotbill adults requires further investigation.展开更多
Alarm calls in bird vocalizations serve as acoustic signals announcing danger.Owing to the convergent evolution of alarm calls,some bird species can beneft from eavesdropping on certain parameters of alarm calls of ot...Alarm calls in bird vocalizations serve as acoustic signals announcing danger.Owing to the convergent evolution of alarm calls,some bird species can beneft from eavesdropping on certain parameters of alarm calls of other species.Vocal mimicry,displayed by many bird species,aids defense against predators and may help brood parasites during parasitism.In the coevolutionary dynamics between brood parasites,such as the common cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),and their hosts,female cuckoo vocalizations can induce hosts to leave the nest,increasing the probability of successful parasitism and reducing the risk of host attacks.Such cuckoo calls were thought to mimic those of the sparrowhawk.However,owing to their similarity to alarm calls,we propose a new hypothesis:Female cuckoos cheat their hosts by mimicking the parameters of the host alarm call.In this study,we tested this new hypothesis and the sparrowhawk mimicry hypothesis simultaneously by manipulating the syllable rate in male and female common cuckoo vocalizations and playing them in front of the host Oriental reed warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)for examination.The results indicate that similar to a normal female cuckoo call,a female call with a reduced syllable rate prompted the hosts to leave their nests more frequently and rapidly than male cuckoo calls.Additionally,the male cuckoo calls with increased syllable rate did not prompt the host to leave their nests more frequently or quickly compared with the male cuckoo calls with a normal syllable rate.Our results further confrm that female common cuckoos mimic the vocalizations of Eurasian sparrowhawks(Accipiter nisus),reveal the function mechanisms underlying such mimicry,and support the theory of imperfect mimicry.展开更多
There are multiple types of risks involved in the service of long-span railway bridges.Classical methods are difficult to provide targeted alarm information according to different situations of load anomalies and stru...There are multiple types of risks involved in the service of long-span railway bridges.Classical methods are difficult to provide targeted alarm information according to different situations of load anomalies and structural anomalies.To accurately alarm different risks of long-span railway bridges by structural health monitoring systems,this paper proposes a cross-cooperative alarm method using principal and secondary indicators during high-wind periods.It provides the prior criterion for monitoring systems under special conditions,defining the principal and secondary indicators,alarm levels,and thresholds based on the relationship between dynamic equilibrium equations and multiple linear regression analysis.Analysis of one-year monitoring data from a longspan railway cable-stayed bridge shows that the 10-min average cross-bridge wind speed(excitation indicator)can be selected as the principal indicator,while lateral displacement(response indicator)can serve as the secondary indicator.The threshold levels of the secondary indicator prioritize the safety of bridge operation(mainly aiming at the safety of trains traversing bridges),with values significantly lower than structural safety thresholds.This approach enhances alarm timeliness and effectively distinguishes between load anomalies,structural anomalies,and equipment failures.Consequently,it improves alarm accuracy and provides timely decision support for bridge maintenance,train traversing,and emergency treatment.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of on-line damage diagnosis in structural health monitoring （SHM）, an algorithm of feature extraction and damage alarming based on auto-regressive moving-average （ARMA） time series analysis i...Aiming at the problem of on-line damage diagnosis in structural health monitoring （SHM）, an algorithm of feature extraction and damage alarming based on auto-regressive moving-average （ARMA） time series analysis is presented. The monitoring data were first modeled as ARMA models, while a principalcomponent matrix derived from the AR coefficients of these models was utilized to establish the Mahalanobisdistance criterion functions. Then, a new damage-sensitive feature index DDSF is proposed. A hypothesis test involving the t-test method is further applied to obtain a decision of damage alarming as the mean value of DDSF had significantly changed after damage. The numerical results of a three-span-girder model shows that the defined index is sensitive to subtle structural damage, and the proposed algorithm can be applied to the on-line damage alarming in SHM.展开更多
The state equation and observation equation of the structural dynamic systems under various analysis scales are derived based on wavelet packet analysis. The time-frequency properties of structural dynamic response un...The state equation and observation equation of the structural dynamic systems under various analysis scales are derived based on wavelet packet analysis. The time-frequency properties of structural dynamic response under various scales are further formulated. The theoretical analysis results reveal that the wavelet packet energy spectrum （WPES） obtained from wavelet packet decomposition of structural dynamic response will detect the presence of structural damage. The sensitivity analysis of the WPES to structural damage and measurement noise is also performed. The transfer properties of the structural system matrix and the observation noise under various analysis scales are formulated, which verify the damage alarming reliability using the proposed WPES with preferable damage sensitivity and noise robusticity.展开更多
Aim To achieve multitask data procssing in a wireless alarm system by computer. Methods The alarm system was composed of hardware and software. The hardware was composed of a master master computer and slave transmi...Aim To achieve multitask data procssing in a wireless alarm system by computer. Methods The alarm system was composed of hardware and software. The hardware was composed of a master master computer and slave transmitters. On urgent ugent occasion, one or more of the transmitters transmitted alarm signals and the master computer received the signals; interruption, residence, graph and word processing were utilized in software to achieve multitiask data processing . Results The main computer can conduct precise and quick multitask data procesing in any condition so long as alarm signals are received. The processing speed is higher than ordinary alarm System. Conclusion The master computer can conduct safe and quick multitask data processing by way of reliable design of software and hardware , so there is no need of special processor.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we focus on the space-inhomogeneous three-state on the one-dimension lattice, a one-phase model and a two-phase model include. By using the transfer matrices method by Endo et al., we calculate the stationary measure for initial state concrete eigenvalue. Finally we found the transfer matrices method is more effective for the three-state quantum walks than the method obtained by Kawai et al.
基金Chongqing Engineering University Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project:Wireless Fire Automatic Alarm System(Project No.:CXCY2024017)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Science and Technology Research Project:Development and Research of Chongqing Wireless Fire Automatic Alarm System(Project No.:KJQN202401906)。
文摘This article explores the design of a wireless fire alarm system supported by advanced data fusion technology.It includes discussions on the basic design ideas of the wireless fire alarm system,hardware design analysis,software design analysis,and simulation analysis,all supported by data fusion technology.Hopefully,this analysis can provide some reference for the rational application of data fusion technology to meet the actual design and application requirements of the system.
基金National Geographic Society,UCLA(Faculty Senate and the Division of Life Sciences),a Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory research fellowship,NSF IDBR-0754247,and DEB-1119660 and 1557130 all to D.T.B.DBI-0242960,0731346,1226713,and 1755522 to the RMBL.K.A.was a NSF GRFP fellow during the fnal preparation of this MS。
文摘Emitting alarm calls may be costly,but few studies have asked whether calling increases a caller’s risk of predation and survival.Since observing animals calling and being killed is relatively rare,we capitalized on over 24,000 h of observations of marmot colonies and asked whether variation in the rate that yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota faviventer)alarm called was associated with the probability of summer mortality,a proxy for predation.Using a generalized mixed model that controlled for factors that infuenced the likelihood of survival,we found that marmots who called at higher rates were substantially more likely to die over the summer.Because virtually all summer mortality is due to predation,these results suggest that calling is indeed costly for marmots.Additionally,the results from a Cox survival analysis showed that marmots that called more lived signifcantly shorter lives.Prior studies have shown that marmots reduce the risk by emitting calls only when close to their burrows,but this newly quantifed survival cost suggests a constraint on eliminating risks.Quantifying the cost of alarm calling using a similar approach in other systems will help us better understand its true costs,which is an essential value for theoretical models of calling and social behavior.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32301295 to JW, 32101242 to LM, and 32260253 to LW)High-Level Talents Research Start-Up Project of Hebei University (No. 521100222044 to JW)
文摘Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been extensively studied in adult birds, nestlings—lacking direct predation experience and heterospecific alarm exposure—represent an ideal system to investigate the response to interspecific warning cues. This study explored the recognition capabilities of 5–6-day-old nestlings in Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We exposed the nestlings to playbacks of alarm calls directed at parasites and raptors from conspecific, Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana, sympatric species), Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus, allopatric species) and Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius, allopatric species) adults. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the responses of nestlings to the alarm calls of conspecific and allopatric adults directed at cuckoos and sparrowhawks. In addition, interestingly, nestlings significantly reduced their begging in response to conspecific and unfamiliar allopatric Isabelline Shrike and Common Tailorbird alarm calls but exhibited a weak response to the sympatric Vinous-throated Parrotbill. Whether older warbler nestlings with more social experience exhibit stronger responses to the alarm calls of Vinous-throated Parrotbill adults requires further investigation.
基金funded by the Education Department of Hainan Province(no.HnjgY 2022-12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32260127).
文摘Alarm calls in bird vocalizations serve as acoustic signals announcing danger.Owing to the convergent evolution of alarm calls,some bird species can beneft from eavesdropping on certain parameters of alarm calls of other species.Vocal mimicry,displayed by many bird species,aids defense against predators and may help brood parasites during parasitism.In the coevolutionary dynamics between brood parasites,such as the common cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),and their hosts,female cuckoo vocalizations can induce hosts to leave the nest,increasing the probability of successful parasitism and reducing the risk of host attacks.Such cuckoo calls were thought to mimic those of the sparrowhawk.However,owing to their similarity to alarm calls,we propose a new hypothesis:Female cuckoos cheat their hosts by mimicking the parameters of the host alarm call.In this study,we tested this new hypothesis and the sparrowhawk mimicry hypothesis simultaneously by manipulating the syllable rate in male and female common cuckoo vocalizations and playing them in front of the host Oriental reed warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)for examination.The results indicate that similar to a normal female cuckoo call,a female call with a reduced syllable rate prompted the hosts to leave their nests more frequently and rapidly than male cuckoo calls.Additionally,the male cuckoo calls with increased syllable rate did not prompt the host to leave their nests more frequently or quickly compared with the male cuckoo calls with a normal syllable rate.Our results further confrm that female common cuckoos mimic the vocalizations of Eurasian sparrowhawks(Accipiter nisus),reveal the function mechanisms underlying such mimicry,and support the theory of imperfect mimicry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants U23A20660,52008099,and 52378288)the Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province,China(Grant 202502AD080007)the China Railway Engineering Corporation Science and Technology Research and Development Project(Grant 2022-Key-44).
文摘There are multiple types of risks involved in the service of long-span railway bridges.Classical methods are difficult to provide targeted alarm information according to different situations of load anomalies and structural anomalies.To accurately alarm different risks of long-span railway bridges by structural health monitoring systems,this paper proposes a cross-cooperative alarm method using principal and secondary indicators during high-wind periods.It provides the prior criterion for monitoring systems under special conditions,defining the principal and secondary indicators,alarm levels,and thresholds based on the relationship between dynamic equilibrium equations and multiple linear regression analysis.Analysis of one-year monitoring data from a longspan railway cable-stayed bridge shows that the 10-min average cross-bridge wind speed(excitation indicator)can be selected as the principal indicator,while lateral displacement(response indicator)can serve as the secondary indicator.The threshold levels of the secondary indicator prioritize the safety of bridge operation(mainly aiming at the safety of trains traversing bridges),with values significantly lower than structural safety thresholds.This approach enhances alarm timeliness and effectively distinguishes between load anomalies,structural anomalies,and equipment failures.Consequently,it improves alarm accuracy and provides timely decision support for bridge maintenance,train traversing,and emergency treatment.
基金The National High Technology Research and Devel-opment Program of China (863Program) (No2006AA04Z416)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No50538020)
文摘Aiming at the problem of on-line damage diagnosis in structural health monitoring （SHM）, an algorithm of feature extraction and damage alarming based on auto-regressive moving-average （ARMA） time series analysis is presented. The monitoring data were first modeled as ARMA models, while a principalcomponent matrix derived from the AR coefficients of these models was utilized to establish the Mahalanobisdistance criterion functions. Then, a new damage-sensitive feature index DDSF is proposed. A hypothesis test involving the t-test method is further applied to obtain a decision of damage alarming as the mean value of DDSF had significantly changed after damage. The numerical results of a three-span-girder model shows that the defined index is sensitive to subtle structural damage, and the proposed algorithm can be applied to the on-line damage alarming in SHM.
文摘The state equation and observation equation of the structural dynamic systems under various analysis scales are derived based on wavelet packet analysis. The time-frequency properties of structural dynamic response under various scales are further formulated. The theoretical analysis results reveal that the wavelet packet energy spectrum （WPES） obtained from wavelet packet decomposition of structural dynamic response will detect the presence of structural damage. The sensitivity analysis of the WPES to structural damage and measurement noise is also performed. The transfer properties of the structural system matrix and the observation noise under various analysis scales are formulated, which verify the damage alarming reliability using the proposed WPES with preferable damage sensitivity and noise robusticity.
文摘Aim To achieve multitask data procssing in a wireless alarm system by computer. Methods The alarm system was composed of hardware and software. The hardware was composed of a master master computer and slave transmitters. On urgent ugent occasion, one or more of the transmitters transmitted alarm signals and the master computer received the signals; interruption, residence, graph and word processing were utilized in software to achieve multitiask data processing . Results The main computer can conduct precise and quick multitask data procesing in any condition so long as alarm signals are received. The processing speed is higher than ordinary alarm System. Conclusion The master computer can conduct safe and quick multitask data processing by way of reliable design of software and hardware , so there is no need of special processor.
