Three-phase grid-connected inverters(GCIs)are essential components in distributed generation systems,where the accuracy of current measurement circuits is fundamental for reliable closed-loop operation.Nevertheless,th...Three-phase grid-connected inverters(GCIs)are essential components in distributed generation systems,where the accuracy of current measurement circuits is fundamental for reliable closed-loop operation.Nevertheless,the presence of a DC offset in the measured current can disrupt the regulation of grid currents and significantly degrade system performance.In this work,a fault-tolerant control approach is introduced to counteract the impact of such offset faults through a dedicated current compensation mechanism.The proposed solution is built around two main stages:(i)detecting and isolating DC offset faults that may appear in one or multiple phases of the measured grid currents,and(ii)estimating the fault magnitude and reconstructing the corrected current signal.The offset magnitude is obtained analytically by examining the grid current projected onto the synchronous d-axis at the grid angular frequency,eliminating the need for any additional sensing hardware.Simulation and experimental investigations conducted under several fault scenarios confirm the robustness of the proposed strategy and highlight significant improvements in detection speed and diagnostic accuracy.展开更多
Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation has become one of the most promising treatment methods for chronic stroke.Recent studies have shown that most ischemia-reperfusion model rats recover spontaneously after inju...Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation has become one of the most promising treatment methods for chronic stroke.Recent studies have shown that most ischemia-reperfusion model rats recover spontaneously after injury,which limits the ability to observe long-term behavioral recovery.Here,we used a severe stroke rat model with 150 minutes of ischemia,which produced severe behavioral deficiencies that persisted at 12 weeks,to study the therapeutic effect of neural stem cells on neural restoration in chronic stroke.Our study showed that stroke model rats treated with human neural stem cells had long-term sustained recovery of motor function,reduced infarction volume,long-term human neural stem cell survival,and improved local inflammatory environment and angiogenesis.We also demonstrated that transplanted human neural stem cells differentiated into mature neurons in vivo,formed stable functional synaptic connections with host neurons,and exhibited the electrophysiological properties of functional mature neurons,indicating that they replaced the damaged host neurons.The findings showed that human fetal-derived neural stem cells had long-term effects for neurological recovery in a model of severe stroke,which suggests that human neural stem cells-based therapy may be effective for repairing damaged neural circuits in stroke patients.展开更多
Loss of synapse and functional connectivity in brain circuits is associated with aging and neurodegeneration,however,few molecular mechanisms are known to intrinsically promote synaptogenesis or enhance synapse functi...Loss of synapse and functional connectivity in brain circuits is associated with aging and neurodegeneration,however,few molecular mechanisms are known to intrinsically promote synaptogenesis or enhance synapse function.We have previously shown that MET receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing cortical circuits promotes dendritic growth and dendritic spine morphogenesis.To investigate whether enhancing MET in adult cortex has synapse regenerating potential,we created a knockin mouse line,in which the human MET gene expression and signaling can be turned on in adult(10–12 months)cortical neurons through doxycycline-containing chow.We found that similar to the developing brain,turning on MET signaling in the adult cortex activates small GTPases and increases spine density in prefrontal projection neurons.These findings are further corroborated by increased synaptic activity and transient generation of immature silent synapses.Prolonged MET signaling resulted in an increasedα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/N-methyl-Daspartate(AMPA/NMDA)receptor current ratio,indicative of enhanced synaptic function and connectivity.Our data reveal that enhancing MET signaling could be an interventional approach to promote synaptogenesis and preserve functional connectivity in the adult brain.These findings may have implications for regenerative therapy in aging and neurodegeneration conditions.展开更多
Half-wavelength AC transmission(HWACT) is an ultra-long distance AC transmission technology, whose electrical distance is close to half-wavelength at the system power frequency. It is very important for the constructi...Half-wavelength AC transmission(HWACT) is an ultra-long distance AC transmission technology, whose electrical distance is close to half-wavelength at the system power frequency. It is very important for the construction and operation of HWACT to analyze its fault features and corresponding protection technology. In this paper, the steady-state voltage and current characteristics of the bus bar and fault point and the steady-state overvoltage distribution along the line will be analyzed when a three-phase symmetrical short-circuit fault occurs on an HWACT line. On this basis, the threephase fault characteristics for longer transmission lines are also studied.展开更多
Chronic migraine(CM)is a prevalent and highly debilitating neurological disorder.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)studies have demonstrated associations between abnormal brain region activation and CM,yet th...Chronic migraine(CM)is a prevalent and highly debilitating neurological disorder.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)studies have demonstrated associations between abnormal brain region activation and CM,yet the underlying complex neural circuitry mechanisms remain unclear.The spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis(Sp5C)serves as the primary central hub for orofacial nociceptive input,receiving trigeminal pain signals and projecting to higher-order centers such as the thalamus.Therefore,we sought to investigate whether the Sp5C region and its associated circuits were involved in CM pathogenesis.In this study,we established a CM mouse model through repeated intraperitoneal injections of nitroglycerin(NTG).Using a combination of in vivo fiber photometry and in vitro c-Fos immunohistochemistry,we found a marked periorbital and plantar mechanical allodynia in CM mice,accompanied by increased glutamatergic neuronal activity in Sp5C.Chemogenetic manipulation of Sp5C glutamatergic neurons(Sp5CV^(glut2))bidirectionally modulated migraine-like behaviors and induced pain-related affective states,as evidenced by conditioned place preference/aversion(CPP/CPA)paradigms.Anterograde viral tracing revealed dense projections from Sp5C^(Vglut2)to the subthalamic nucleus(STN),which was activated in CM mice.Optogenetic activation of the Sp5C-STN pathway similarly produced migraine-like behaviors and pain-related aversive memory in mice.Altogether,we revealed a critical role of the Sp5CVglut2-STN circuit in the development and modulation of CM.Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the central mechanisms underlying CM,establishing potential theoretical foundations for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic development.展开更多
This Special Topic of the Journal of Semiconductors(JOS)features expanded versions of key articles presented at the 2024 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits Technologies and Applications(ICTA),which w...This Special Topic of the Journal of Semiconductors(JOS)features expanded versions of key articles presented at the 2024 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits Technologies and Applications(ICTA),which was held in Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China,from October 25 to 27,2024.展开更多
To achieve high power rating and low current harmonics of motor drive,this paper develops a dual three-phase open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(DTP-OW-PMSM)drive with the DC-link voltage ratio of 2:1:1.Ba...To achieve high power rating and low current harmonics of motor drive,this paper develops a dual three-phase open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(DTP-OW-PMSM)drive with the DC-link voltage ratio of 2:1:1.Based on this topology,this paper proposes a DTP four-level space vector pulse width modulation(DTP-FL SVPWM)strategy.First,two identical three-phase four-level space vector diagrams are constructed and divided.Then,three adjacent vectors nearest to the reference vector in each diagram are selected for the vector synthesis to guarantee high modulation precision and low switching frequency.Furthermore,to avoid the modulation error caused by the voltage deviation,the proposed DTP-FL SVPWM strategy is further optimized through unified duty ratio compensation(UDRC).The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through experiments.展开更多
The growing demand for efficient high-power switching power supplies has spurred interest in advanced topologies.The three-phase VIENNA converter stands out for its high power factor,simplified structure,and robust pe...The growing demand for efficient high-power switching power supplies has spurred interest in advanced topologies.The three-phase VIENNA converter stands out for its high power factor,simplified structure,and robust performance.Current research focuses on its operational principles,control strategies,and behavior under various load conditions.Key considerations include component selection,thermal management,and EMI/EMC optimization.This topology finds applications across renewable energy systems,industrial equipment,telecommunications,and electric vehicle charging infrastructures.Comparative analyses with alternative topologies and cost-benefit evaluations are also addressed.Future developments are expected to emphasize the integration of wide-bandgap devices and advancements in digital control techniques to further enhance efficiency and system performance.展开更多
Strand displacement-based DNA circuits have emerged as highly effective tools for molecular computation,serving purposes of amplification or decision-making.They are favored for their inherent occurrence and sensitivi...Strand displacement-based DNA circuits have emerged as highly effective tools for molecular computation,serving purposes of amplification or decision-making.They are favored for their inherent occurrence and sensitivity to external conditions.However,achieving enhanced amplification or decision-making necessitates the incorporation of multiple strands,thereby increasing the risk of contamination.Recent advancements have led to the development of CRISPR-Cas-based DNA circuits.These systems aim to simplify the complexity associated with conventional circuits,mitigate contamination risks,and enable more substantial amplification or decision-making capabilities.Here,the review article centers on current strategies of CRISPR-Cas(Cas9,Cas12a,Cas13a)system-assisted circuits in amplification and decisionmaking,and assesses their tendencies and limitations in amplification circuits and decision-making circuits.Furthermore,we discuss the challenges of CRISPR-Cas in circuits and propose prospects that will contribute to constructing more efficient and diverse CRISPR-Cas-based DNA functional circuits.展开更多
We investigate the topological properties of the non-Hermitian Kitaev chain by exploiting the versatility of the circuit.We implement non-reciprocal coupling through a negative impedance converter with current inversi...We investigate the topological properties of the non-Hermitian Kitaev chain by exploiting the versatility of the circuit.We implement non-reciprocal coupling through a negative impedance converter with current inversion(INIC). By conducting impedance measurements between neighboring nodes, we identify both topologically non-trivial and trivial phases within the circuit's admittance band dispersion under open boundary conditions(OBC). Our analysis of complex admittance spectra reveals differences when comparing circuits with periodic boundary conditions(PBC) to those with OBC.Furthermore, we observe Z_(2) skin effects and Majorana zero modes in the topologically non-trivial phases, which are robust against disorders. Notably, the admittance spectra exhibit remarkable sensitivity to the attenuation of the boundary coupling strength. This AC circuit system serves as a promising platform for investigating topological phenomena, opening avenues for the development of functional devices across various application scenarios.展开更多
Vocational undergraduate education has entered a new stage of high-quality development,making the cultivation of students'learning ability a core issue in enhancing talent cultivation quality.This study conducted ...Vocational undergraduate education has entered a new stage of high-quality development,making the cultivation of students'learning ability a core issue in enhancing talent cultivation quality.This study conducted a questionnaire survey with 177 students majoring in integrated circuits at Shenzhen Polytechnic University(SZPU),focusing on six dimensions:self-learning proficiency,academic competence,goal planning,self-discipline,learning initiative,and learning environment.The results indicate that while students possess a solid learning foundation and clear career planning,significant deficiencies exist in the execution of academic plans,self-discipline,and learning initiative.In response to these issues,this study proposes four systematic improvement pathways from the institutional perspective:establishing a closed-loop academic navigation system incorporating“goal-process-feedback”,creating an immersive“virtual-physical integrated”learning environment,implementing a multi-dimensional“cognitive-affective-practical”initiative activation plan,and building a synergistic cultivation mechanism for“self-discipline and core competencies”.The findings aim to provide references for talent cultivation and teaching reform in vocational undergraduate integrated circuit programs.展开更多
Quantum many-body systems lie at the heart of modern fundamental physics.The study of these systems has revealed a plethora of fascinating phenomena,such as quantum thermalization,many-body localization,and quantum ma...Quantum many-body systems lie at the heart of modern fundamental physics.The study of these systems has revealed a plethora of fascinating phenomena,such as quantum thermalization,many-body localization,and quantum many-body scars.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in understanding quantum many-body scars and non-ergodic dynamics in quantum systems on superconducting-circuit platforms,ranging from theoretical mechanisms and effective models to experimental observations.展开更多
After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the tim...After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.展开更多
With the rapid scaling of superconducting quantum processors,electronic control systems relying on commercial off-the-shelf instruments face critical bottlenecks in signal density,power consumption,and crosstalk mitig...With the rapid scaling of superconducting quantum processors,electronic control systems relying on commercial off-the-shelf instruments face critical bottlenecks in signal density,power consumption,and crosstalk mitigation.Here we present a custom dual-channel direct current(DC)source module(QPower)dedicated to large-scale superconducting quantum processors.The module delivers a voltage range of±7 V with 200 m A maximum current per channel,while achieving the following key performance benchmarks:noise spectral density of√Hz at 10 k Hz,output ripple<500μV_(pp)within 20 MHz bandwidth,and long-term voltage drift<5μVpp over 12 hours.Integrated into the control electronics of a 66-qubit quantum processor,QPower enables qubit coherence time of T_(1)=87.6μs and Ramsey dephasing time of T_(2)=5.1μs,with qubit resonance frequency drift constrained to±40 k Hz during 12-hour operation.This modular design is compact in size and efficient in energy consumption,providing a scalable DC source solution for intermediate-scale quantum processors with stringent noise and stability requirements,with potential extensions to other quantum hardware platforms and precision measurement systems.展开更多
With the rapid development of electronic information engineering,high-speed digital circuits have been increasingly widely applied in various fields.In high-speed digital circuits,signal integrity is prone to interfer...With the rapid development of electronic information engineering,high-speed digital circuits have been increasingly widely applied in various fields.In high-speed digital circuits,signal integrity is prone to interference from various external factors,leading to issues such as signal distortion or degradation of system performance.Based on this,this paper conducts research on the optimization strategies for signal integrity of high-speed digital circuits in electronic information engineering.It deeply analyzes the importance of high-speed digital circuits,elaborates on the challenges they face and the specific manifestations of signal integrity issues,and proposes a series of optimization strategies in electronic information engineering.The aim is to improve the signal integrity of highspeed digital circuits and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of related fields.展开更多
The single-molecule detection tech-nique plays a pivotal role in elucidat-ing the fundamental mechanisms of various scientific processes at the molecular level,and holds essential im-portance in multiple fields includ...The single-molecule detection tech-nique plays a pivotal role in elucidat-ing the fundamental mechanisms of various scientific processes at the molecular level,and holds essential im-portance in multiple fields including physics,biology,and chemistry.Re-cently,single-molecule detection has garnered increasing attention owing to its practical utility in medical diagno-sis,primarily due to its exceptional sensitivity and the minimal sample volume required for analysis.However,the conventional single-molecule technique,represented by total internal reflection microscopy,faces challenges such as sophisticated operation procedures and limited detection throughput,thereby impeding its broader application.To address these limitations,we have demonstrated single-molecule detection using an integrated silicon photonic chip,of-fering a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative.By employing basic optics,we efficiently introduce the excitation source for single-molecule fluorescence by harnessing the strong evanescent field of high refractive-index waveguides.Subsequently,fluorescence signals are collected using basic optics comprising a water-immersion objective,relay optics,and a digi-tal camera.Our results highlight a low-cost,high-throughput single-molecule technique achieved through the integrated silicon photonic chip.This innovative approach is promised to facilitate the widespread adoption of single-molecule fluorescence in medical diagnosis.展开更多
The relentless down-scaling of electronics grands the modern integrated circuits(ICs)with the high speed,low power dissipation and low cost,fulfilling diverse demands of modern life.Whereas,with the semiconductor indu...The relentless down-scaling of electronics grands the modern integrated circuits(ICs)with the high speed,low power dissipation and low cost,fulfilling diverse demands of modern life.Whereas,with the semiconductor industry entering into sub-10 nm technology nodes,degrading device performance and increasing power consumption give rise to insurmountable roadblocks confronted by modern ICs that need to be conquered to sustain the Moore law's life.Bulk semiconductors like prevalent Si are plagued by seriously degraded carrier mobility as thickness thinning down to sub-5 nm,which is imperative to maintain sufficient gate electrostatic controllability to combat the increasingly degraded short channel effects.Nowadays,the emergence of two-dimensional(2D)materials opens up new gateway to eschew the hurdles laid in front of the scaling trend of modern IC,mainly ascribed to their ultimately atomic thickness,capability to maintain carrier mobility with thickness thinning down,dangling-bonds free surface,wide bandgaps tunability and feasibility to constitute diverse heterostructures.Blossoming breakthroughs in discrete electronic device,such as contact engineering,dielectric integration and vigorous channel-length scaling,or large circuits arrays,as boosted yields,improved variations and full-functioned processor fabrication,based on 2D materials have been achieved nowadays,facilitating 2D materials to step under the spotlight of IC industry to be treated as the most potential future successor or complementary counterpart of incumbent Si to further sustain the down-scaling of modern IC.展开更多
The dual three-phase PMSM(DTP-PMSM)drives have received wide attention at high-power high-efficiency applications due to their merits of high output current ability and copper-loss-free field excitation.Meanwhile,the ...The dual three-phase PMSM(DTP-PMSM)drives have received wide attention at high-power high-efficiency applications due to their merits of high output current ability and copper-loss-free field excitation.Meanwhile,the DTPPMSM drive provides higher fault-tolerant capability for highreliability applications,e.g.,pumps and actuators in aircraft.For high-power drives with limited switching frequencies and highspeed drives with large fundamental frequencies,the ratio of switching frequency to fundamental frequency,i.e.,the carrier ratio,is usually below 15,which would significantly degrade the control performance.The purpose of this paper is to review the recent work on the modulation and control schemes for improving the operation performance of DTP-PMSM drives with low carrier ratios.Specifically,three categories of methods,i.e.,the space vector modulation based control,the model predictive control(MPC),and the optimized pulse pattern(OPP)based control are reviewed with principles and performance.In addition,brief discussions regarding the comparison and future trends are presented for low-carrier-ratio(LCR)modulation and control schemes of DTP-PMSM drives.展开更多
We evaluate the influence of temperature on the behavior of a three-phase clock-driven metal–oxide–semiconductor （MOS） chaotic circuit. The chaotic circuit consists of two nonlinear functions, a level shifter, and...We evaluate the influence of temperature on the behavior of a three-phase clock-driven metal–oxide–semiconductor （MOS） chaotic circuit. The chaotic circuit consists of two nonlinear functions, a level shifter, and three sample and hold blocks. It is necessary to analyze a CMOS-based chaotic circuit with respect to variation in temperature for stability because the circuit is sensitive to the behavior of the circuit design parameters. The temperature dependence of the proposed chaotic circuit is investigated via the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis （SPICE） using 0.6-μm CMOS process technology with a 5-V power supply and a 20-kHz clock frequency. The simulation results demonstrate the effects of temperature on the chaotic dynamics of the proposed chaotic circuit. The time series, frequency spectra, bifurcation phenomena, and Lyapunov exponent results are provided.展开更多
This article proposes a multi-tiered fault detection system for series-connected lithium-ion battery modules.Improper use of batteries can lead to electrolyte decomposition,resulting in the formation of lithium dendri...This article proposes a multi-tiered fault detection system for series-connected lithium-ion battery modules.Improper use of batteries can lead to electrolyte decomposition,resulting in the formation of lithium dendrites.These dendrites may pierce the separator,leading to the failure of the insulation layer between electrodes and causing micro short circuits.When a micro short circuit occurs,the electrolyte typically undergoes exothermic reactions,leading to thermal runaway and posing a safety risk to users.Relying solely on temperature-based judgment mechanisms within the battery management system often results in delayed intervention.To address this issue,the article develops a multi-tiered fault detection algorithm for series-connected lithium-ion batteries.This algorithm can effectively diagnose micro short circuits,aging,and normal batteries using minimal battery data,thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and enhancing the flexibility of fault detection.Simulations and experiments conducted under various levels of micro short circuits validate the effectiveness of the algorithm,demonstrating its ability to distinguish between short-circuited,aged,and normal batteries under different conditions.This technology can be applied to electric vehicles and energy storage systems,enabling early warnings to ensure safety and prevent thermal runaway.展开更多
文摘Three-phase grid-connected inverters(GCIs)are essential components in distributed generation systems,where the accuracy of current measurement circuits is fundamental for reliable closed-loop operation.Nevertheless,the presence of a DC offset in the measured current can disrupt the regulation of grid currents and significantly degrade system performance.In this work,a fault-tolerant control approach is introduced to counteract the impact of such offset faults through a dedicated current compensation mechanism.The proposed solution is built around two main stages:(i)detecting and isolating DC offset faults that may appear in one or multiple phases of the measured grid currents,and(ii)estimating the fault magnitude and reconstructing the corrected current signal.The offset magnitude is obtained analytically by examining the grid current projected onto the synchronous d-axis at the grid angular frequency,eliminating the need for any additional sensing hardware.Simulation and experimental investigations conducted under several fault scenarios confirm the robustness of the proposed strategy and highlight significant improvements in detection speed and diagnostic accuracy.
文摘Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation has become one of the most promising treatment methods for chronic stroke.Recent studies have shown that most ischemia-reperfusion model rats recover spontaneously after injury,which limits the ability to observe long-term behavioral recovery.Here,we used a severe stroke rat model with 150 minutes of ischemia,which produced severe behavioral deficiencies that persisted at 12 weeks,to study the therapeutic effect of neural stem cells on neural restoration in chronic stroke.Our study showed that stroke model rats treated with human neural stem cells had long-term sustained recovery of motor function,reduced infarction volume,long-term human neural stem cell survival,and improved local inflammatory environment and angiogenesis.We also demonstrated that transplanted human neural stem cells differentiated into mature neurons in vivo,formed stable functional synaptic connections with host neurons,and exhibited the electrophysiological properties of functional mature neurons,indicating that they replaced the damaged host neurons.The findings showed that human fetal-derived neural stem cells had long-term effects for neurological recovery in a model of severe stroke,which suggests that human neural stem cells-based therapy may be effective for repairing damaged neural circuits in stroke patients.
基金supported by NIH/NIMH grant R01MH111619(to SQ),R21AG078700(to SQ)Institute of Mental Health Research(IMHR,Level 1 funding,to SQ and DF)institution startup fund from The University of Arizona(to SQ)。
文摘Loss of synapse and functional connectivity in brain circuits is associated with aging and neurodegeneration,however,few molecular mechanisms are known to intrinsically promote synaptogenesis or enhance synapse function.We have previously shown that MET receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing cortical circuits promotes dendritic growth and dendritic spine morphogenesis.To investigate whether enhancing MET in adult cortex has synapse regenerating potential,we created a knockin mouse line,in which the human MET gene expression and signaling can be turned on in adult(10–12 months)cortical neurons through doxycycline-containing chow.We found that similar to the developing brain,turning on MET signaling in the adult cortex activates small GTPases and increases spine density in prefrontal projection neurons.These findings are further corroborated by increased synaptic activity and transient generation of immature silent synapses.Prolonged MET signaling resulted in an increasedα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/N-methyl-Daspartate(AMPA/NMDA)receptor current ratio,indicative of enhanced synaptic function and connectivity.Our data reveal that enhancing MET signaling could be an interventional approach to promote synaptogenesis and preserve functional connectivity in the adult brain.These findings may have implications for regenerative therapy in aging and neurodegeneration conditions.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0900100)
文摘Half-wavelength AC transmission(HWACT) is an ultra-long distance AC transmission technology, whose electrical distance is close to half-wavelength at the system power frequency. It is very important for the construction and operation of HWACT to analyze its fault features and corresponding protection technology. In this paper, the steady-state voltage and current characteristics of the bus bar and fault point and the steady-state overvoltage distribution along the line will be analyzed when a three-phase symmetrical short-circuit fault occurs on an HWACT line. On this basis, the threephase fault characteristics for longer transmission lines are also studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32571336 and 32271048)Research Funds of Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM(No.2025IHM01100)。
文摘Chronic migraine(CM)is a prevalent and highly debilitating neurological disorder.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)studies have demonstrated associations between abnormal brain region activation and CM,yet the underlying complex neural circuitry mechanisms remain unclear.The spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis(Sp5C)serves as the primary central hub for orofacial nociceptive input,receiving trigeminal pain signals and projecting to higher-order centers such as the thalamus.Therefore,we sought to investigate whether the Sp5C region and its associated circuits were involved in CM pathogenesis.In this study,we established a CM mouse model through repeated intraperitoneal injections of nitroglycerin(NTG).Using a combination of in vivo fiber photometry and in vitro c-Fos immunohistochemistry,we found a marked periorbital and plantar mechanical allodynia in CM mice,accompanied by increased glutamatergic neuronal activity in Sp5C.Chemogenetic manipulation of Sp5C glutamatergic neurons(Sp5CV^(glut2))bidirectionally modulated migraine-like behaviors and induced pain-related affective states,as evidenced by conditioned place preference/aversion(CPP/CPA)paradigms.Anterograde viral tracing revealed dense projections from Sp5C^(Vglut2)to the subthalamic nucleus(STN),which was activated in CM mice.Optogenetic activation of the Sp5C-STN pathway similarly produced migraine-like behaviors and pain-related aversive memory in mice.Altogether,we revealed a critical role of the Sp5CVglut2-STN circuit in the development and modulation of CM.Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the central mechanisms underlying CM,establishing potential theoretical foundations for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic development.
文摘This Special Topic of the Journal of Semiconductors(JOS)features expanded versions of key articles presented at the 2024 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits Technologies and Applications(ICTA),which was held in Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China,from October 25 to 27,2024.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62303333in part by the Project of Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone under Grant HZQB-KCZYB-2020083.
文摘To achieve high power rating and low current harmonics of motor drive,this paper develops a dual three-phase open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(DTP-OW-PMSM)drive with the DC-link voltage ratio of 2:1:1.Based on this topology,this paper proposes a DTP four-level space vector pulse width modulation(DTP-FL SVPWM)strategy.First,two identical three-phase four-level space vector diagrams are constructed and divided.Then,three adjacent vectors nearest to the reference vector in each diagram are selected for the vector synthesis to guarantee high modulation precision and low switching frequency.Furthermore,to avoid the modulation error caused by the voltage deviation,the proposed DTP-FL SVPWM strategy is further optimized through unified duty ratio compensation(UDRC).The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through experiments.
文摘The growing demand for efficient high-power switching power supplies has spurred interest in advanced topologies.The three-phase VIENNA converter stands out for its high power factor,simplified structure,and robust performance.Current research focuses on its operational principles,control strategies,and behavior under various load conditions.Key considerations include component selection,thermal management,and EMI/EMC optimization.This topology finds applications across renewable energy systems,industrial equipment,telecommunications,and electric vehicle charging infrastructures.Comparative analyses with alternative topologies and cost-benefit evaluations are also addressed.Future developments are expected to emphasize the integration of wide-bandgap devices and advancements in digital control techniques to further enhance efficiency and system performance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82172372 and 82260290)the Opening Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering (No. 2023-M04)
文摘Strand displacement-based DNA circuits have emerged as highly effective tools for molecular computation,serving purposes of amplification or decision-making.They are favored for their inherent occurrence and sensitivity to external conditions.However,achieving enhanced amplification or decision-making necessitates the incorporation of multiple strands,thereby increasing the risk of contamination.Recent advancements have led to the development of CRISPR-Cas-based DNA circuits.These systems aim to simplify the complexity associated with conventional circuits,mitigate contamination risks,and enable more substantial amplification or decision-making capabilities.Here,the review article centers on current strategies of CRISPR-Cas(Cas9,Cas12a,Cas13a)system-assisted circuits in amplification and decisionmaking,and assesses their tendencies and limitations in amplification circuits and decision-making circuits.Furthermore,we discuss the challenges of CRISPR-Cas in circuits and propose prospects that will contribute to constructing more efficient and diverse CRISPR-Cas-based DNA functional circuits.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12174157, 12074150, and 12174158)。
文摘We investigate the topological properties of the non-Hermitian Kitaev chain by exploiting the versatility of the circuit.We implement non-reciprocal coupling through a negative impedance converter with current inversion(INIC). By conducting impedance measurements between neighboring nodes, we identify both topologically non-trivial and trivial phases within the circuit's admittance band dispersion under open boundary conditions(OBC). Our analysis of complex admittance spectra reveals differences when comparing circuits with periodic boundary conditions(PBC) to those with OBC.Furthermore, we observe Z_(2) skin effects and Majorana zero modes in the topologically non-trivial phases, which are robust against disorders. Notably, the admittance spectra exhibit remarkable sensitivity to the attenuation of the boundary coupling strength. This AC circuit system serves as a promising platform for investigating topological phenomena, opening avenues for the development of functional devices across various application scenarios.
文摘Vocational undergraduate education has entered a new stage of high-quality development,making the cultivation of students'learning ability a core issue in enhancing talent cultivation quality.This study conducted a questionnaire survey with 177 students majoring in integrated circuits at Shenzhen Polytechnic University(SZPU),focusing on six dimensions:self-learning proficiency,academic competence,goal planning,self-discipline,learning initiative,and learning environment.The results indicate that while students possess a solid learning foundation and clear career planning,significant deficiencies exist in the execution of academic plans,self-discipline,and learning initiative.In response to these issues,this study proposes four systematic improvement pathways from the institutional perspective:establishing a closed-loop academic navigation system incorporating“goal-process-feedback”,creating an immersive“virtual-physical integrated”learning environment,implementing a multi-dimensional“cognitive-affective-practical”initiative activation plan,and building a synergistic cultivation mechanism for“self-discipline and core competencies”.The findings aim to provide references for talent cultivation and teaching reform in vocational undergraduate integrated circuit programs.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LD25A050002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12375021)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1404203).
文摘Quantum many-body systems lie at the heart of modern fundamental physics.The study of these systems has revealed a plethora of fascinating phenomena,such as quantum thermalization,many-body localization,and quantum many-body scars.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in understanding quantum many-body scars and non-ergodic dynamics in quantum systems on superconducting-circuit platforms,ranging from theoretical mechanisms and effective models to experimental observations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3603705(to DX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82302866(to YZ).
文摘After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.
基金Project supported by the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(Grant No.KQTD20210811090049034)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301703)。
文摘With the rapid scaling of superconducting quantum processors,electronic control systems relying on commercial off-the-shelf instruments face critical bottlenecks in signal density,power consumption,and crosstalk mitigation.Here we present a custom dual-channel direct current(DC)source module(QPower)dedicated to large-scale superconducting quantum processors.The module delivers a voltage range of±7 V with 200 m A maximum current per channel,while achieving the following key performance benchmarks:noise spectral density of√Hz at 10 k Hz,output ripple<500μV_(pp)within 20 MHz bandwidth,and long-term voltage drift<5μVpp over 12 hours.Integrated into the control electronics of a 66-qubit quantum processor,QPower enables qubit coherence time of T_(1)=87.6μs and Ramsey dephasing time of T_(2)=5.1μs,with qubit resonance frequency drift constrained to±40 k Hz during 12-hour operation.This modular design is compact in size and efficient in energy consumption,providing a scalable DC source solution for intermediate-scale quantum processors with stringent noise and stability requirements,with potential extensions to other quantum hardware platforms and precision measurement systems.
文摘With the rapid development of electronic information engineering,high-speed digital circuits have been increasingly widely applied in various fields.In high-speed digital circuits,signal integrity is prone to interference from various external factors,leading to issues such as signal distortion or degradation of system performance.Based on this,this paper conducts research on the optimization strategies for signal integrity of high-speed digital circuits in electronic information engineering.It deeply analyzes the importance of high-speed digital circuits,elaborates on the challenges they face and the specific manifestations of signal integrity issues,and proposes a series of optimization strategies in electronic information engineering.The aim is to improve the signal integrity of highspeed digital circuits and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of related fields.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFE0107400)the internal research funding from Photonic View Technology Technology Co.,Ltd.the GuangCi Deep Mind Project of Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
文摘The single-molecule detection tech-nique plays a pivotal role in elucidat-ing the fundamental mechanisms of various scientific processes at the molecular level,and holds essential im-portance in multiple fields including physics,biology,and chemistry.Re-cently,single-molecule detection has garnered increasing attention owing to its practical utility in medical diagno-sis,primarily due to its exceptional sensitivity and the minimal sample volume required for analysis.However,the conventional single-molecule technique,represented by total internal reflection microscopy,faces challenges such as sophisticated operation procedures and limited detection throughput,thereby impeding its broader application.To address these limitations,we have demonstrated single-molecule detection using an integrated silicon photonic chip,of-fering a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative.By employing basic optics,we efficiently introduce the excitation source for single-molecule fluorescence by harnessing the strong evanescent field of high refractive-index waveguides.Subsequently,fluorescence signals are collected using basic optics comprising a water-immersion objective,relay optics,and a digi-tal camera.Our results highlight a low-cost,high-throughput single-molecule technique achieved through the integrated silicon photonic chip.This innovative approach is promised to facilitate the widespread adoption of single-molecule fluorescence in medical diagnosis.
基金supported by start-up capital of Ningbo Eastern Institute of technology。
文摘The relentless down-scaling of electronics grands the modern integrated circuits(ICs)with the high speed,low power dissipation and low cost,fulfilling diverse demands of modern life.Whereas,with the semiconductor industry entering into sub-10 nm technology nodes,degrading device performance and increasing power consumption give rise to insurmountable roadblocks confronted by modern ICs that need to be conquered to sustain the Moore law's life.Bulk semiconductors like prevalent Si are plagued by seriously degraded carrier mobility as thickness thinning down to sub-5 nm,which is imperative to maintain sufficient gate electrostatic controllability to combat the increasingly degraded short channel effects.Nowadays,the emergence of two-dimensional(2D)materials opens up new gateway to eschew the hurdles laid in front of the scaling trend of modern IC,mainly ascribed to their ultimately atomic thickness,capability to maintain carrier mobility with thickness thinning down,dangling-bonds free surface,wide bandgaps tunability and feasibility to constitute diverse heterostructures.Blossoming breakthroughs in discrete electronic device,such as contact engineering,dielectric integration and vigorous channel-length scaling,or large circuits arrays,as boosted yields,improved variations and full-functioned processor fabrication,based on 2D materials have been achieved nowadays,facilitating 2D materials to step under the spotlight of IC industry to be treated as the most potential future successor or complementary counterpart of incumbent Si to further sustain the down-scaling of modern IC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under the grant of 2022YFB3403100。
文摘The dual three-phase PMSM(DTP-PMSM)drives have received wide attention at high-power high-efficiency applications due to their merits of high output current ability and copper-loss-free field excitation.Meanwhile,the DTPPMSM drive provides higher fault-tolerant capability for highreliability applications,e.g.,pumps and actuators in aircraft.For high-power drives with limited switching frequencies and highspeed drives with large fundamental frequencies,the ratio of switching frequency to fundamental frequency,i.e.,the carrier ratio,is usually below 15,which would significantly degrade the control performance.The purpose of this paper is to review the recent work on the modulation and control schemes for improving the operation performance of DTP-PMSM drives with low carrier ratios.Specifically,three categories of methods,i.e.,the space vector modulation based control,the model predictive control(MPC),and the optimized pulse pattern(OPP)based control are reviewed with principles and performance.In addition,brief discussions regarding the comparison and future trends are presented for low-carrier-ratio(LCR)modulation and control schemes of DTP-PMSM drives.
基金Project supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(Grant No.2011-0011698)
文摘We evaluate the influence of temperature on the behavior of a three-phase clock-driven metal–oxide–semiconductor （MOS） chaotic circuit. The chaotic circuit consists of two nonlinear functions, a level shifter, and three sample and hold blocks. It is necessary to analyze a CMOS-based chaotic circuit with respect to variation in temperature for stability because the circuit is sensitive to the behavior of the circuit design parameters. The temperature dependence of the proposed chaotic circuit is investigated via the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis （SPICE） using 0.6-μm CMOS process technology with a 5-V power supply and a 20-kHz clock frequency. The simulation results demonstrate the effects of temperature on the chaotic dynamics of the proposed chaotic circuit. The time series, frequency spectra, bifurcation phenomena, and Lyapunov exponent results are provided.
文摘This article proposes a multi-tiered fault detection system for series-connected lithium-ion battery modules.Improper use of batteries can lead to electrolyte decomposition,resulting in the formation of lithium dendrites.These dendrites may pierce the separator,leading to the failure of the insulation layer between electrodes and causing micro short circuits.When a micro short circuit occurs,the electrolyte typically undergoes exothermic reactions,leading to thermal runaway and posing a safety risk to users.Relying solely on temperature-based judgment mechanisms within the battery management system often results in delayed intervention.To address this issue,the article develops a multi-tiered fault detection algorithm for series-connected lithium-ion batteries.This algorithm can effectively diagnose micro short circuits,aging,and normal batteries using minimal battery data,thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and enhancing the flexibility of fault detection.Simulations and experiments conducted under various levels of micro short circuits validate the effectiveness of the algorithm,demonstrating its ability to distinguish between short-circuited,aged,and normal batteries under different conditions.This technology can be applied to electric vehicles and energy storage systems,enabling early warnings to ensure safety and prevent thermal runaway.
