In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit ...In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit disk in R^(2):By delicate and relatively complicated computation of radial solutions to the above equation and the asymptotic expansion of solutions near the boundary of B_(1),the uniqueness of positive solutions is obtained.The results of this paper extend the uniqueness result for the semilinear equation with critical exponential growth in CHEN et al.(2022)to the case that includes a Henon term.展开更多
Interfacial superconductivity(IS)has been a topic of intense interest in condensed matter physics,due to its unique properties and exotic photoelectrical performance.However,there are few reports about IS systems cons...Interfacial superconductivity(IS)has been a topic of intense interest in condensed matter physics,due to its unique properties and exotic photoelectrical performance.However,there are few reports about IS systems consisting of two insulators.Here,motivated by the emergence of an insulator-metal transition in type-Ⅲ heterostructures and the superconductivity in some“special”two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors via electron doping,we predict that the 2D heterostructure SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) is a model system for realizing IS by using firstprinciples calculations.Our results show that due to slight but crucial interlayer charge transfer,SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) turns to be a type-Ⅲ heterostructure with metallic properties and shows a superconducting transition with the critical temperature(T_(c))of 3.73 K.Similar to the enhanced electron–phonon coupling(EPC)in the electrondoped SnSe_(2) monolayer,the IS in the SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) heterostructure mainly originates from the metallized SnSe_(2) layer.Furthermore,we find that its superconductivity is sensitive to tensile lattice strain,forming a domeshaped superconducting phase diagram.Remarkably,at 7%biaxial tensile strain,the superconducting T_(c) can increase more than twofold(8.80 K),resulting from softened acoustic phonons at the𝑀point and enhanced EPC strength.Our study provides a concrete example for realizing IS in type-Ⅲ heterostructures,which waits for future experimental verification.展开更多
Background:To determine whether initiating a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1 RA)within 3 months of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)diagnosis alters the subsequent risk of overall and site-specific cancer and wheth...Background:To determine whether initiating a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1 RA)within 3 months of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)diagnosis alters the subsequent risk of overall and site-specific cancer and whether this association differs by baseline body-mass index(BMI).Methods:This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from the TriNetX U.S.research network.Adults aged 20 years or older diagnosed with T2DM between 2016 and 2024 were included if they received any hypoglycemic agents within 3 months before and after diagnosis.Following 1:1 propensity score matching,both the GLP-1 RA user and non-user groups included 183,264 patients.The study outcome was defined as a diagnosis of malignant neoplasms.Hazard ratios(HRs)for overall and site-specific cancer risk were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.Kaplan–Meier analysis and stratified analysis by BMI were performed.Results:Early GLP-1 RA use demonstrated a modest but significant association with reduced overall cancer risk(HR 0.93;95%CI:0.90–0.96).Reduced risks were noted for cancers of the digestive(HR 0.81),respiratory(HR 0.66),and female genital(HR 0.87)systems.In stratified analysis,benefits were more pronounced in patients with BMI≥30,particularly for pancreatic and colorectal cancers.Conclusion:Early initiation of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with diagnosed T2DM was associated with a modest reduction in overall cancer risk,particularly among individuals with obesity.These findings highlight the dual metabolic and oncologic value of prompt GLP-1 RA therapy.展开更多
Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three...Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.展开更多
This paper described the whole process of three line hybrid pepper seed production in detail, including requirement of the seed production base, parent culti- vation, field management, and specified the key operation ...This paper described the whole process of three line hybrid pepper seed production in detail, including requirement of the seed production base, parent culti- vation, field management, and specified the key operation techniques in seed pro- duction, such as parental impurity removal to preserve pure state, pollen collection, pollination and seed collecting essentials. This specification is of guiding significance for the production of hybrid pepper seed and ensuring the purity of hybrid pepper seed.展开更多
Following NCI design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical metho...Following NCI design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that dominance effects were predominant for TN. The expression of those additive effects were affected by environment and genotype interaction, but the expression of dominance effects were not affected. Heterosis was the strongest in the middle developmental periods of TN. Additive effects and dominance effects were selectively expressed throughout in the entire tillering developmental stage. Analysis of genetic correlation between TN at different stages and the productive panicles indicated that a close correlation appeared earlier in the populations with higher heterosis than in those with less heterosis. Utilization of heterosis at the middle tillering stage might enhance the final biomass but reduce the percentage of productive panicles.展开更多
This paper presents a novel vision based localization algorithm from three-line structure ( TLS) .Two types of TLS are investigated: 1) three parallel lines ( Structure I) ; 2) two parallel lines and one orthogonal li...This paper presents a novel vision based localization algorithm from three-line structure ( TLS) .Two types of TLS are investigated: 1) three parallel lines ( Structure I) ; 2) two parallel lines and one orthogonal line ( Structure II) .From single image of either structure,the camera pose can be uniquely computed for vision localization.Contributions of this paper are as follows: 1 ) both TLS structures can be used as simple and practical landmarks,which are widely available in daily life; 2) the proposed algorithm complements existing localization methods,which usually use complex landmarks,especially in the partial blockage conditions; 3) compared with the general Perspective-3-Lines ( P3L) problem,camera pose can be uniquely computed from either structure.The proposed algorithm has been tested with both simulation and real image data.For a typical simulated indoor condition ( 75 cm-size landmark,less than 7.0 m landmark-to-camera distance,and 0.5-pixel image noises) ,the means of localization errors from Structure I and Structure II are less than 3.0 cm.And the standard deviations are less than 3.0 cm and 1.5 cm,respectively.The algorithm is further validated with two actual image experiments.Within a 7.5 m × 7.5 m indoor situation,the overall relative localization errors from Structure I and Structure II are less than 2.2% and 2.3% ,respectively,with about 6.0 m distance.The results demonstrate that the algorithm works well for practical vision localization.展开更多
To enhance the image motion compensation accuracy of off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic( TMA)three-line array aerospace mapping cameras,a new method of image motion velocity field modeling is proposed in this paper. F...To enhance the image motion compensation accuracy of off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic( TMA)three-line array aerospace mapping cameras,a new method of image motion velocity field modeling is proposed in this paper. Firstly,based on the imaging principle of mapping cameras,an analytical expression of image motion velocity of off-axis TMA three-line array aerospace mapping cameras is deduced from different coordinate systems we established and the attitude dynamics principle. Then,the case of a three-line array mapping camera is studied,in which the simulation of the focal plane image motion velocity fields of the forward-view camera,the nadir-view camera and the backward-view camera are carried out,and the optimization schemes for image motion velocity matching and drift angle matching are formulated according the simulation results. Finally,this method is verified with a dynamic imaging experimental system. The results are indicative of that when image motion compensation for nadir-view camera is conducted using the proposed image motion velocity field model,the line pair of target images at Nyquist frequency is clear and distinguishable. Under the constraint that modulation transfer function( MTF) reduces by 5%,when the horizontal frequencies of the forward-view camera and the backward-view camera are adjusted uniformly according to the proposed image motion velocity matching scheme,the time delay integration( TDI) stages reach 6 at most. When the TDI stages are more than 6,the three groups of camera will independently undergo horizontal frequency adjustment. However, when the proposed drift angle matching scheme is adopted for uniform drift angle adjustment,the number of TDI stages will not exceed 81. The experimental results have demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the proposed image motion velocity field model and matching optimization scheme,providing reliable basis for on-orbit image motion compensation of aerospace mapping cameras.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has been associated with increased risk of colon cancer(CC)and worse prognosis in patients with metastases.The effects of T2DM on postoperative chemoresistance rate(CRR)and lo...BACKGROUND Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has been associated with increased risk of colon cancer(CC)and worse prognosis in patients with metastases.The effects of T2DM on postoperative chemoresistance rate(CRR)and long-term disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients with stage Ⅲ CC who receive curative resection remain controversial.AIM To investigate whether T2DM or glycemic control is associated with worse postoperative survival outcomes in stage Ⅲ CC.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 278 patients aged 40-75 years who underwent surgery for stage Ⅲ CC from 2018 to 2021.Based on preoperative T2DM history,the patients were categorized into non-DM(n=160)and DM groups(n=118).The latter was further divided into well-controlled(n=73)and poorly controlled(n=45)groups depending on the status of glycemic control.DFS,OS,and CRR were compared between the groups and Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors.RESULTS Patients in the DM and non-DM groups demonstrated similar DFS,OS,and CRR(DFS:72.03%vs 78.75%,P=0.178;OS:81.36%vs 83.12%,P=0.638;CRR:14.41%vs 7.5%,P=0.063).Poorly controlled DM was associated with a significantly worse prognosis and higher CRR than well-controlled DM(DFS:62.22%vs 78.07%,P=0.021;OS:71.11%vs 87.67%,P=0.011;CRR:24.40%vs 8.22%,P=0.015).High preoperative fasting plasma glucose[DFS:Hazard ratio(HR)=2.684,P<0.001;OS:HR=2.105,P=0.019;CRR:HR=2.214,P=0.005]and glycosylated hemoglobin levels(DFS:HR=2.344,P=0.006;OS:HR=2.119,P=0.021;CRR:HR=2.449,P=0.009)indicated significantly poor prognosis and high CRR,while T2DM history did not(DFS:HR=1.178,P=0.327;OS:HR=0.933,P=0.739;CRR:HR=0.997,P=0.581).CONCLUSION Increased preoperative fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels,but not T2DM history,were identified as risk factors associated with poor postoperative outcomes and high CRR in patients with stage Ⅲ CC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis th...BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis through binding to dif-ferent ligands.AIM To evaluate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of ACVR1C and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in Chinese Han population.METHODS In this hospital-based cohort study,1043 ESCC patients and 1143 healthy controls were enrolled.Five SNPs(rs4664229,rs4556933,rs77886248,rs77263459,rs6734630)of ACVR1C were assessed by the ligation detection reaction method.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test,genetic model analysis,stratified analysis,linkage disequi-librium test,and haplotype analysis were conducted.RESULTS Participants carrying ACVR1C rs4556933 GA mutant had significantly decreased risk of ESCC,and those with rs77886248 TA mutant were related with higher risk,especially in older male smokers.In the haplotype analysis,ACVR1C Trs4664229Ars4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 increased risk of ESCC,while Trs4664229Grs4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 was associated with lower susceptibility to ESCC.CONCLUSION ACVR1C rs4556933 and rs77886248 SNPs were associated with the susceptibility to ESCC,which could provide a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in Chinese Han population.展开更多
Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture....Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture.In this study,we utilized male C57BL/6 J mice to investigate the role of SIRT3 in T2DM.Decreased SIRT3 expression and impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanism are observed in both in vitro and in vivo models of T2DM.Mechanistically,SIRT3 suppression results in hyperacetylation of FOXO3,hindering the activation of the PINK1/PRKN mediated mitophagy pathway and resulting in accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria.Genetical overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT3 restores deacetylation status of FOXO3,thus facilitating mitophagy and ameliorating osteogenic impairment in T2DM.Collectively,our findings highlight the fundamental regulatory function of SIRT3 in mitochondrial quality control,crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis in T2DM.These insights not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic osteoporosis but also identify SIRT3 as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic osteoporosis.展开更多
Collagen is a class of mammalian extracellular matrix of the main structural proteins,widely present in the skin,bone,muscle and other tissues and it plays a role in supporting,repairing,and protecting tissue cells.Na...Collagen is a class of mammalian extracellular matrix of the main structural proteins,widely present in the skin,bone,muscle and other tissues and it plays a role in supporting,repairing,and protecting tissue cells.Natural source extraction and artificial synthesis provide a rich source of collagen.As a macromolecular material,collagen has good application potential in cosmetics,pharmaceutical,medical and food industries.Collagen has generated a great deal of interest in the cosmetic industry due to its abundance,strength,and direct correlation with skin aging.Collagen is widely used in cosmetics due to its unique structure,good biocompatibility and low antigenicity,as well as rich biological functions.To enhance the youthfulness and health of the user,the cosmetic industry adds collagen to products such as eye creams,face creams,and nutritional supplements,and uses it in medical aesthetic techniques such as tissue fillers,skin replacement,and soft skin enhancement.This paper mainly reviews the sources and types of collagen used in cosmetics industry,then introduces the effects of collagen in cosmetics and prospects the development prospects of collagen in dermatologic and cosmetic fields.展开更多
Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a genera...Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a generalized dual symmetric mixed Chernoff inequality for two planar star bodies.As a direct consequence,a new proof of the dual symmetric mixed isoperimetric inequality is presented.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of glycemic control and diabetes duration on subsequent myocardial infarction(MI)in patients with both coronary heart disease(CHD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods W...Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of glycemic control and diabetes duration on subsequent myocardial infarction(MI)in patients with both coronary heart disease(CHD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 33,238 patients with both CHD and T2D in Shenzhen,China.Patients were categorized into 6 groups based on baseline fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels and diabetes duration(from the date of diabetes diagnosis to the baseline date)to examine their combined effects on subsequent MI.Cox proportional hazards regression models were used,with further stratification by age,sex,and comorbidities to assess potential interactions.Results Over a median follow-up of 2.4 years,2,110 patients experienced MI.Compared to those with optimal glycemic control(FPG<6.1 mmol/L)and shorter diabetes duration(<10 years),the fullyadjusted hazard ratio(HR)(95%Confidence Interval[95%CI])for those with a diabetes duration of≥10 years and FPG>8.0 mmol/L was 1.93(95%CI:1.59,2.36).The combined effects of FPG and diabetes duration on MI were largely similar across different age,sex,and comorbidity groups,although the excess risk of MI associated with long-term diabetes appeared to be more pronounced among those with atrial fibrillation.Conclusion Our study indicates that glycemic control and diabetes duration significant influence the subsequent occurrence of MI in patients with both CHD and T2D.Tailored management strategies emphasizing strict glycemic control may be particularly beneficial for patients with longer diabetes duration and atrial fibrillation.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the J...Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Liang et al.1 describe results from the UK Biobank data showing the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)on reducing the risks for vascular events in 11,474 adults with T2D and prediabetes.展开更多
Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the ri...Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia.Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following:decreasing intake of animal organs,seafood,sugar-sweetened,and alcohol beverages is essential;choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial;and increasing intake of vegetables,reduced-fat dairy products,foods containing fiber,micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful.In addition,consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous,and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended.Moreover,personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)often leads to vascular complications,such as albuminuria.The role of insulin autoantibodies(IAA)and their interaction with D-dimer in this context remains unclear.AIM To inves...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)often leads to vascular complications,such as albuminuria.The role of insulin autoantibodies(IAA)and their interaction with D-dimer in this context remains unclear.AIM To investigate the characteristics of IAA and its effect on albuminuria in T2DM patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 115 T2DM patients with positive IAA induced by exogenous insulin,and 115 age-and sex-matched IAA-negative T2DM patients as controls.Propensity scores were calculated using multivariate logistic regression.Key variables were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)algorithm.We constructed a prediction model and analyzed the association between IAA and albuminuria based on demographic and laboratory parameters.RESULTS The IAA-positive group had significantly higher D-dimer levels[0.30(0.19-0.55)mg/L vs 0.21(0.19-0.33)mg/L,P=0.008]and plasma insulin levels[39.1(12.0-102.7)μU/mL vs 9.8(5.5-17.6)μU/mL,P<0.001]compared to the IAA-negative group.Increases in the insulin dose per weight ratio,diabetes duration,and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)were observed but did not reach statistical significance.The LASSO model identified plasma insulin and D-dimer as key factors with larger coefficients.D-dimer was significantly associated with UACR in the total and IAA-positive groups but not in the IAA-negative group.The odds ratio for D-dimer elevation(>0.5 g/L)was 2.88(95%confidence interval:1.17-7.07)in the IAA-positive group(P interaction<0.05).CONCLUSION D-dimer elevation is an independent risk factor for abnormal albuminuria and interacts with IAA in the development of abnormal albuminuria in T2DM patients.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD),a chronic and com-mon neurodegenerative disease,is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra and abnormal aggregation of alpha-...Parkinson's disease(PD),a chronic and com-mon neurodegenerative disease,is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra and abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin secretion.Extensive evidence has con-firmed shared pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD and T2DM,such as oxidative stress caused by insulin resistance,mitochondrial dysfunction,inflammation,and disorders of energy metabolism.Conventional drugs for treating T2DM,such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ago-nists,affect nerve repair.Even drugs for treating PD,such as levodopa,can affect insulin secretion.This review sum-marizes the relationship between PD and T2DM and related therapeutic drugs from the perspective of insulin signaling pathways in the brain.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and adolescents is increasing,yet there is limited information on the available pharmacological interventions to combat T2DM and prevent associated...BACKGROUND The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and adolescents is increasing,yet there is limited information on the available pharmacological interventions to combat T2DM and prevent associated comorbidities.AIM To assess the effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments in managing T2DM in children and adolescents.The protocol of the study was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42022382165).METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and ClinicalTrials.gov for publications between 1990 to September 2024 without language restrictions.Randomized control trials(RCTs)of pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents with T2DM(aged<19 years)were included.The primary outcome was a change in glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)from baseline to follow-up.Secondary outcomes were changes in body weight,body mass index(BMI),total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein,and low-density lipoprotein from baseline,and incidence of adverse events during study periods.Screening,full-text review,data extraction,and assessments of risk of bias were done by two reviewers.Conflicts on each step were resolved by a third reviewer.Data analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 6.5(RevMan 6.5)and‘R’software via RStudio,‘meta’and‘netmeta’.RESULTS A total of 12 studies having low to moderate risk of bias with 1658 participants,and follow-up duration 12-52 weeks were included.In our network meta-analysis,compared to control(s),the reduction of HbA1c was sig-nificantly larger for dulaglutide[mean difference(MD),95%confidence interval:-1.20,-2.12 to-0.28],followed by dapagliflozin(-0.94,-1.44 to-0.44),liraglutide(-0.91,-1.37 to-0.45),empagliflozin(-0.87,-1.40 to-0.34),exenatide(-0.59,-1.07 to-0.11)and linagliptin(-0.45,-0.87 to-0.02)while other drugs had little or no effect.While liraglutide was associated with a change in body weight[MD-2.41(-4.68,-0.14)kg],no other drug treatment was associated with significant changes in body weight,BMI,and lipids.Apart from level 1 hypoglycemia with liraglutide[risk difference(RD):0.20,0.04-0.37]and minor adverse events with dulaglutide(RD:0.24,0.08-0.40),no other treatment was associated with excess risk of hypoglycemia or minor or major adverse events.CONCLUSION Pharmacotherapy of T2DM with dulaglutide,dapagliflozin,liraglutide,empagliflozin,exenatide,and linagliptin in children is associated with modest reduction of HbA1c.Larger RCTs with longer follow-up durations are needed to guide better therapeutic decision making.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression an...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression and diminished chemotherapy efficacy,impacting patient outcomes through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress,activation of metabolic pathways,and altered protein modifications that hinder apoptosis and enhance tumor survival.Clinical evidence shows that T2DM patients experience higher rates of chemoresistance and reduced disease-free survival and overall survival compared to non-diabetic patients.Specifically,those with poor glycemic control exhibit increased chemo-resistance and poorer survival metrics.Antidiabetic treatments,including metformin,acarbose,and gliclazide,show promise in improving chemotherapy response and glycemic management,potentially enhancing patient outcomes.Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive,multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists,endocrino-logists,and surgeons to optimize patient care.Integrated strategies that prioritize glycemic control are essential for reducing chemoresistance and improving survival in CRC patients with T2DM.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(12571122,12061010)。
文摘In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit disk in R^(2):By delicate and relatively complicated computation of radial solutions to the above equation and the asymptotic expansion of solutions near the boundary of B_(1),the uniqueness of positive solutions is obtained.The results of this paper extend the uniqueness result for the semilinear equation with critical exponential growth in CHEN et al.(2022)to the case that includes a Henon term.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2022YFA1403103 and 2019YFA0308603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12304167)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.ZR2023QA020)。
文摘Interfacial superconductivity(IS)has been a topic of intense interest in condensed matter physics,due to its unique properties and exotic photoelectrical performance.However,there are few reports about IS systems consisting of two insulators.Here,motivated by the emergence of an insulator-metal transition in type-Ⅲ heterostructures and the superconductivity in some“special”two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors via electron doping,we predict that the 2D heterostructure SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) is a model system for realizing IS by using firstprinciples calculations.Our results show that due to slight but crucial interlayer charge transfer,SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) turns to be a type-Ⅲ heterostructure with metallic properties and shows a superconducting transition with the critical temperature(T_(c))of 3.73 K.Similar to the enhanced electron–phonon coupling(EPC)in the electrondoped SnSe_(2) monolayer,the IS in the SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) heterostructure mainly originates from the metallized SnSe_(2) layer.Furthermore,we find that its superconductivity is sensitive to tensile lattice strain,forming a domeshaped superconducting phase diagram.Remarkably,at 7%biaxial tensile strain,the superconducting T_(c) can increase more than twofold(8.80 K),resulting from softened acoustic phonons at the𝑀point and enhanced EPC strength.Our study provides a concrete example for realizing IS in type-Ⅲ heterostructures,which waits for future experimental verification.
基金financial support fromthe Chung Shan Medical University Hospital,Taiwan(CSH-2022-A-009).
文摘Background:To determine whether initiating a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1 RA)within 3 months of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)diagnosis alters the subsequent risk of overall and site-specific cancer and whether this association differs by baseline body-mass index(BMI).Methods:This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from the TriNetX U.S.research network.Adults aged 20 years or older diagnosed with T2DM between 2016 and 2024 were included if they received any hypoglycemic agents within 3 months before and after diagnosis.Following 1:1 propensity score matching,both the GLP-1 RA user and non-user groups included 183,264 patients.The study outcome was defined as a diagnosis of malignant neoplasms.Hazard ratios(HRs)for overall and site-specific cancer risk were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.Kaplan–Meier analysis and stratified analysis by BMI were performed.Results:Early GLP-1 RA use demonstrated a modest but significant association with reduced overall cancer risk(HR 0.93;95%CI:0.90–0.96).Reduced risks were noted for cancers of the digestive(HR 0.81),respiratory(HR 0.66),and female genital(HR 0.87)systems.In stratified analysis,benefits were more pronounced in patients with BMI≥30,particularly for pancreatic and colorectal cancers.Conclusion:Early initiation of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with diagnosed T2DM was associated with a modest reduction in overall cancer risk,particularly among individuals with obesity.These findings highlight the dual metabolic and oncologic value of prompt GLP-1 RA therapy.
文摘Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.
基金Supported by the Planning Subject of"the Twelfth Five-Year-Plan"in National Science and Technology for the Rural Development in China(2011BAD35B07)the Job Subsidies for the Experts in Staple Vegetable Breeding of Vegetable Industry of Hunan Province+1 种基金the"the Twelfth Five-Year-Plan"of National Science and Technology Support Plan(2012BAD02B02)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in Public Interest(201303028)~~
文摘This paper described the whole process of three line hybrid pepper seed production in detail, including requirement of the seed production base, parent culti- vation, field management, and specified the key operation techniques in seed pro- duction, such as parental impurity removal to preserve pure state, pollen collection, pollination and seed collecting essentials. This specification is of guiding significance for the production of hybrid pepper seed and ensuring the purity of hybrid pepper seed.
文摘Following NCI design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that dominance effects were predominant for TN. The expression of those additive effects were affected by environment and genotype interaction, but the expression of dominance effects were not affected. Heterosis was the strongest in the middle developmental periods of TN. Additive effects and dominance effects were selectively expressed throughout in the entire tillering developmental stage. Analysis of genetic correlation between TN at different stages and the productive panicles indicated that a close correlation appeared earlier in the populations with higher heterosis than in those with less heterosis. Utilization of heterosis at the middle tillering stage might enhance the final biomass but reduce the percentage of productive panicles.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51208168)the Research Grant from the Department of Education of Liaoning Province (Grant No. L2010060)
文摘This paper presents a novel vision based localization algorithm from three-line structure ( TLS) .Two types of TLS are investigated: 1) three parallel lines ( Structure I) ; 2) two parallel lines and one orthogonal line ( Structure II) .From single image of either structure,the camera pose can be uniquely computed for vision localization.Contributions of this paper are as follows: 1 ) both TLS structures can be used as simple and practical landmarks,which are widely available in daily life; 2) the proposed algorithm complements existing localization methods,which usually use complex landmarks,especially in the partial blockage conditions; 3) compared with the general Perspective-3-Lines ( P3L) problem,camera pose can be uniquely computed from either structure.The proposed algorithm has been tested with both simulation and real image data.For a typical simulated indoor condition ( 75 cm-size landmark,less than 7.0 m landmark-to-camera distance,and 0.5-pixel image noises) ,the means of localization errors from Structure I and Structure II are less than 3.0 cm.And the standard deviations are less than 3.0 cm and 1.5 cm,respectively.The algorithm is further validated with two actual image experiments.Within a 7.5 m × 7.5 m indoor situation,the overall relative localization errors from Structure I and Structure II are less than 2.2% and 2.3% ,respectively,with about 6.0 m distance.The results demonstrate that the algorithm works well for practical vision localization.
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.863-2-5-1-13B)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Item(Grant No.20130522107JH)
文摘To enhance the image motion compensation accuracy of off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic( TMA)three-line array aerospace mapping cameras,a new method of image motion velocity field modeling is proposed in this paper. Firstly,based on the imaging principle of mapping cameras,an analytical expression of image motion velocity of off-axis TMA three-line array aerospace mapping cameras is deduced from different coordinate systems we established and the attitude dynamics principle. Then,the case of a three-line array mapping camera is studied,in which the simulation of the focal plane image motion velocity fields of the forward-view camera,the nadir-view camera and the backward-view camera are carried out,and the optimization schemes for image motion velocity matching and drift angle matching are formulated according the simulation results. Finally,this method is verified with a dynamic imaging experimental system. The results are indicative of that when image motion compensation for nadir-view camera is conducted using the proposed image motion velocity field model,the line pair of target images at Nyquist frequency is clear and distinguishable. Under the constraint that modulation transfer function( MTF) reduces by 5%,when the horizontal frequencies of the forward-view camera and the backward-view camera are adjusted uniformly according to the proposed image motion velocity matching scheme,the time delay integration( TDI) stages reach 6 at most. When the TDI stages are more than 6,the three groups of camera will independently undergo horizontal frequency adjustment. However, when the proposed drift angle matching scheme is adopted for uniform drift angle adjustment,the number of TDI stages will not exceed 81. The experimental results have demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the proposed image motion velocity field model and matching optimization scheme,providing reliable basis for on-orbit image motion compensation of aerospace mapping cameras.
基金Supported by the Leading Innovation Specialist Support Program of Guangdong Provincethe Science and Technology Planning Project of Ganzhou,No.202101074816the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260501.
文摘BACKGROUND Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has been associated with increased risk of colon cancer(CC)and worse prognosis in patients with metastases.The effects of T2DM on postoperative chemoresistance rate(CRR)and long-term disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients with stage Ⅲ CC who receive curative resection remain controversial.AIM To investigate whether T2DM or glycemic control is associated with worse postoperative survival outcomes in stage Ⅲ CC.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 278 patients aged 40-75 years who underwent surgery for stage Ⅲ CC from 2018 to 2021.Based on preoperative T2DM history,the patients were categorized into non-DM(n=160)and DM groups(n=118).The latter was further divided into well-controlled(n=73)and poorly controlled(n=45)groups depending on the status of glycemic control.DFS,OS,and CRR were compared between the groups and Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors.RESULTS Patients in the DM and non-DM groups demonstrated similar DFS,OS,and CRR(DFS:72.03%vs 78.75%,P=0.178;OS:81.36%vs 83.12%,P=0.638;CRR:14.41%vs 7.5%,P=0.063).Poorly controlled DM was associated with a significantly worse prognosis and higher CRR than well-controlled DM(DFS:62.22%vs 78.07%,P=0.021;OS:71.11%vs 87.67%,P=0.011;CRR:24.40%vs 8.22%,P=0.015).High preoperative fasting plasma glucose[DFS:Hazard ratio(HR)=2.684,P<0.001;OS:HR=2.105,P=0.019;CRR:HR=2.214,P=0.005]and glycosylated hemoglobin levels(DFS:HR=2.344,P=0.006;OS:HR=2.119,P=0.021;CRR:HR=2.449,P=0.009)indicated significantly poor prognosis and high CRR,while T2DM history did not(DFS:HR=1.178,P=0.327;OS:HR=0.933,P=0.739;CRR:HR=0.997,P=0.581).CONCLUSION Increased preoperative fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels,but not T2DM history,were identified as risk factors associated with poor postoperative outcomes and high CRR in patients with stage Ⅲ CC.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82350127 and No.82241013the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.20ZR1411600+2 种基金the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,No.SHDC2020CR4039the Bethune Ethicon Excellent Surgery Foundation,No.CESS2021TC04Xuhui District Medical Research Project of Shanghai,No.SHXH201805.
文摘BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis through binding to dif-ferent ligands.AIM To evaluate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of ACVR1C and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in Chinese Han population.METHODS In this hospital-based cohort study,1043 ESCC patients and 1143 healthy controls were enrolled.Five SNPs(rs4664229,rs4556933,rs77886248,rs77263459,rs6734630)of ACVR1C were assessed by the ligation detection reaction method.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test,genetic model analysis,stratified analysis,linkage disequi-librium test,and haplotype analysis were conducted.RESULTS Participants carrying ACVR1C rs4556933 GA mutant had significantly decreased risk of ESCC,and those with rs77886248 TA mutant were related with higher risk,especially in older male smokers.In the haplotype analysis,ACVR1C Trs4664229Ars4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 increased risk of ESCC,while Trs4664229Grs4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 was associated with lower susceptibility to ESCC.CONCLUSION ACVR1C rs4556933 and rs77886248 SNPs were associated with the susceptibility to ESCC,which could provide a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in Chinese Han population.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2021YFA1201404)National Natural Science Foundation of China Major Project (81991514)+6 种基金General Project (82272530, 82372459)Jiangsu Province Medical Innovation Center of Orthopedic Surgery (CXZX202214)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Center FoundationJiangsu Provincial Medical Outstanding Talent FoundationJiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent FoundationJiangsu Provincial Key Medical Talent Foundationthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (14380493, 14380494)
文摘Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture.In this study,we utilized male C57BL/6 J mice to investigate the role of SIRT3 in T2DM.Decreased SIRT3 expression and impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanism are observed in both in vitro and in vivo models of T2DM.Mechanistically,SIRT3 suppression results in hyperacetylation of FOXO3,hindering the activation of the PINK1/PRKN mediated mitophagy pathway and resulting in accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria.Genetical overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT3 restores deacetylation status of FOXO3,thus facilitating mitophagy and ameliorating osteogenic impairment in T2DM.Collectively,our findings highlight the fundamental regulatory function of SIRT3 in mitochondrial quality control,crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis in T2DM.These insights not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic osteoporosis but also identify SIRT3 as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic osteoporosis.
文摘Collagen is a class of mammalian extracellular matrix of the main structural proteins,widely present in the skin,bone,muscle and other tissues and it plays a role in supporting,repairing,and protecting tissue cells.Natural source extraction and artificial synthesis provide a rich source of collagen.As a macromolecular material,collagen has good application potential in cosmetics,pharmaceutical,medical and food industries.Collagen has generated a great deal of interest in the cosmetic industry due to its abundance,strength,and direct correlation with skin aging.Collagen is widely used in cosmetics due to its unique structure,good biocompatibility and low antigenicity,as well as rich biological functions.To enhance the youthfulness and health of the user,the cosmetic industry adds collagen to products such as eye creams,face creams,and nutritional supplements,and uses it in medical aesthetic techniques such as tissue fillers,skin replacement,and soft skin enhancement.This paper mainly reviews the sources and types of collagen used in cosmetics industry,then introduces the effects of collagen in cosmetics and prospects the development prospects of collagen in dermatologic and cosmetic fields.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Scientic Research Innovation Project of Chongqing Normal University(YKC24010)Chunna Zeng's research was supported by the Major Special Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12141101)+2 种基金the Young Top-Talent program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059145)the Technology Research Foundation of Chongqing Educational committee(KJZD-K202200509)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0937)。
文摘Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a generalized dual symmetric mixed Chernoff inequality for two planar star bodies.As a direct consequence,a new proof of the dual symmetric mixed isoperimetric inequality is presented.
基金supported by the R&D project of Pazhou Lab(Huangpu)under Grant 2023K0610the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 12126602)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 82030102)the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(Grants C2302001)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(No.ZDSYS20200810171403013)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721463)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grants 2022YFC3702703).
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of glycemic control and diabetes duration on subsequent myocardial infarction(MI)in patients with both coronary heart disease(CHD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 33,238 patients with both CHD and T2D in Shenzhen,China.Patients were categorized into 6 groups based on baseline fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels and diabetes duration(from the date of diabetes diagnosis to the baseline date)to examine their combined effects on subsequent MI.Cox proportional hazards regression models were used,with further stratification by age,sex,and comorbidities to assess potential interactions.Results Over a median follow-up of 2.4 years,2,110 patients experienced MI.Compared to those with optimal glycemic control(FPG<6.1 mmol/L)and shorter diabetes duration(<10 years),the fullyadjusted hazard ratio(HR)(95%Confidence Interval[95%CI])for those with a diabetes duration of≥10 years and FPG>8.0 mmol/L was 1.93(95%CI:1.59,2.36).The combined effects of FPG and diabetes duration on MI were largely similar across different age,sex,and comorbidity groups,although the excess risk of MI associated with long-term diabetes appeared to be more pronounced among those with atrial fibrillation.Conclusion Our study indicates that glycemic control and diabetes duration significant influence the subsequent occurrence of MI in patients with both CHD and T2D.Tailored management strategies emphasizing strict glycemic control may be particularly beneficial for patients with longer diabetes duration and atrial fibrillation.
文摘Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Liang et al.1 describe results from the UK Biobank data showing the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)on reducing the risks for vascular events in 11,474 adults with T2D and prediabetes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32122069)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910011025)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730134)。
文摘Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia.Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following:decreasing intake of animal organs,seafood,sugar-sweetened,and alcohol beverages is essential;choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial;and increasing intake of vegetables,reduced-fat dairy products,foods containing fiber,micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful.In addition,consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous,and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended.Moreover,personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)often leads to vascular complications,such as albuminuria.The role of insulin autoantibodies(IAA)and their interaction with D-dimer in this context remains unclear.AIM To investigate the characteristics of IAA and its effect on albuminuria in T2DM patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 115 T2DM patients with positive IAA induced by exogenous insulin,and 115 age-and sex-matched IAA-negative T2DM patients as controls.Propensity scores were calculated using multivariate logistic regression.Key variables were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)algorithm.We constructed a prediction model and analyzed the association between IAA and albuminuria based on demographic and laboratory parameters.RESULTS The IAA-positive group had significantly higher D-dimer levels[0.30(0.19-0.55)mg/L vs 0.21(0.19-0.33)mg/L,P=0.008]and plasma insulin levels[39.1(12.0-102.7)μU/mL vs 9.8(5.5-17.6)μU/mL,P<0.001]compared to the IAA-negative group.Increases in the insulin dose per weight ratio,diabetes duration,and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)were observed but did not reach statistical significance.The LASSO model identified plasma insulin and D-dimer as key factors with larger coefficients.D-dimer was significantly associated with UACR in the total and IAA-positive groups but not in the IAA-negative group.The odds ratio for D-dimer elevation(>0.5 g/L)was 2.88(95%confidence interval:1.17-7.07)in the IAA-positive group(P interaction<0.05).CONCLUSION D-dimer elevation is an independent risk factor for abnormal albuminuria and interacts with IAA in the development of abnormal albuminuria in T2DM patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143021)the Iran National Science Foundation(4001873)+1 种基金the Henan Province Natural Science Foundation of China(182300410313)Henan University graduate Talent Program of Henan Province(SYLYC2023092).
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD),a chronic and com-mon neurodegenerative disease,is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra and abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin secretion.Extensive evidence has con-firmed shared pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD and T2DM,such as oxidative stress caused by insulin resistance,mitochondrial dysfunction,inflammation,and disorders of energy metabolism.Conventional drugs for treating T2DM,such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ago-nists,affect nerve repair.Even drugs for treating PD,such as levodopa,can affect insulin secretion.This review sum-marizes the relationship between PD and T2DM and related therapeutic drugs from the perspective of insulin signaling pathways in the brain.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and adolescents is increasing,yet there is limited information on the available pharmacological interventions to combat T2DM and prevent associated comorbidities.AIM To assess the effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments in managing T2DM in children and adolescents.The protocol of the study was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42022382165).METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and ClinicalTrials.gov for publications between 1990 to September 2024 without language restrictions.Randomized control trials(RCTs)of pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents with T2DM(aged<19 years)were included.The primary outcome was a change in glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)from baseline to follow-up.Secondary outcomes were changes in body weight,body mass index(BMI),total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein,and low-density lipoprotein from baseline,and incidence of adverse events during study periods.Screening,full-text review,data extraction,and assessments of risk of bias were done by two reviewers.Conflicts on each step were resolved by a third reviewer.Data analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 6.5(RevMan 6.5)and‘R’software via RStudio,‘meta’and‘netmeta’.RESULTS A total of 12 studies having low to moderate risk of bias with 1658 participants,and follow-up duration 12-52 weeks were included.In our network meta-analysis,compared to control(s),the reduction of HbA1c was sig-nificantly larger for dulaglutide[mean difference(MD),95%confidence interval:-1.20,-2.12 to-0.28],followed by dapagliflozin(-0.94,-1.44 to-0.44),liraglutide(-0.91,-1.37 to-0.45),empagliflozin(-0.87,-1.40 to-0.34),exenatide(-0.59,-1.07 to-0.11)and linagliptin(-0.45,-0.87 to-0.02)while other drugs had little or no effect.While liraglutide was associated with a change in body weight[MD-2.41(-4.68,-0.14)kg],no other drug treatment was associated with significant changes in body weight,BMI,and lipids.Apart from level 1 hypoglycemia with liraglutide[risk difference(RD):0.20,0.04-0.37]and minor adverse events with dulaglutide(RD:0.24,0.08-0.40),no other treatment was associated with excess risk of hypoglycemia or minor or major adverse events.CONCLUSION Pharmacotherapy of T2DM with dulaglutide,dapagliflozin,liraglutide,empagliflozin,exenatide,and linagliptin in children is associated with modest reduction of HbA1c.Larger RCTs with longer follow-up durations are needed to guide better therapeutic decision making.
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression and diminished chemotherapy efficacy,impacting patient outcomes through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress,activation of metabolic pathways,and altered protein modifications that hinder apoptosis and enhance tumor survival.Clinical evidence shows that T2DM patients experience higher rates of chemoresistance and reduced disease-free survival and overall survival compared to non-diabetic patients.Specifically,those with poor glycemic control exhibit increased chemo-resistance and poorer survival metrics.Antidiabetic treatments,including metformin,acarbose,and gliclazide,show promise in improving chemotherapy response and glycemic management,potentially enhancing patient outcomes.Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive,multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists,endocrino-logists,and surgeons to optimize patient care.Integrated strategies that prioritize glycemic control are essential for reducing chemoresistance and improving survival in CRC patients with T2DM.
