Accurate acquisition of the rock stress is crucial for various rock engineering applications.The hollow inclusion (HI) technique is widely used for measuring in-situ rock stress.This technique calculates the stress te...Accurate acquisition of the rock stress is crucial for various rock engineering applications.The hollow inclusion (HI) technique is widely used for measuring in-situ rock stress.This technique calculates the stress tensor by measuring strain using an HI strain cell.However,existing analytical solutions for stress calculation based on an HI strain cell in a double-layer medium are not applicable when an HI strain cell is used in a three-layer medium,leading to erroneous stress calculations.To address this issue,this paper presents a method for calculating stress tensors in a three-layer medium using numerical simulations,specifically by obtaining a constitutive matrix that relates strain measurements to stress tensors in a three-layer medium.Furthermore,using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and orthogonal experimental design strategies,764 groups of numerical models encompassing various stress measurement scenarios have been established and calculated using FLAC^(3D)software.Finally,a surrogate model based on artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict constitutive matrices,achieving a goodness of fit (R^(2)) of 0.999 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 1.254.A software program has been developed from this surrogate model for ease of use in practical engineering applications.The method’s accuracy was verified through numerical simulations,analytical solution and laboratory experiment,demonstrating its effectiveness in calculating stress in a three-layer medium.The surrogate model was applied to calculate mining-induced stress in the roadway roof rock of a coal mine,a typical case for stress measurement in a three-layer medium.Errors in stress calculations arising from the use of existing analytical solutions were corrected.The study also highlights the significant errors associated with using double-layer analytical solutions in a three-layer medium,which could lead to inappropriate engineering design.展开更多
This study examines the intricate occurrences of thermal and solutal Marangoni convection in three-layered flows of viscous fluids,with a particular emphasis on their relevance to renewable energy systems.This researc...This study examines the intricate occurrences of thermal and solutal Marangoni convection in three-layered flows of viscous fluids,with a particular emphasis on their relevance to renewable energy systems.This research examines the flow of a three-layered viscous fluid,considering the combined influence of heat and solutal buoyancy driven Rayleigh-Bénard convection,as well as thermal and solutal Marangoni convection.The homotopy perturbation method is used to examine and simulate complex fluid flow and transport phenomena,providing important understanding of the fundamental physics and assisting in the optimization of various battery configurations.The inquiry examines the primary elements that influence Marangoni convection and its impact on battery performance,providing insights on possible enhancements in energy storage devices.The findings indicate that the velocity profiles shown graphically exhibit a prominent core zone characterized by the maximum speed,which progressively decreases as it approaches the walls of the channel.This study enhances our comprehension of fluid dynamics and the transmission of heat and mass in intricate systems,which has substantial ramifications for the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.展开更多
The influence of different contents of Cr,Mo,and rare earth element(RE)additives on the thermal conductivity of austenitic medium manganese steel was studied and discussed.The results show that the addition of Cr in m...The influence of different contents of Cr,Mo,and rare earth element(RE)additives on the thermal conductivity of austenitic medium manganese steel was studied and discussed.The results show that the addition of Cr in medium manganese steel can improved the ordering of C–Mn atomic clusters,so as to improve the steel's thermal conductivity.However,Cr will lead to precipitation of a great deal of carbides in medium manganese steel when its content is greater than 4wt%.These carbides would aggregate around the grain boundary,and as a result,the thermal conductivity is decreased.By the addition of Mo whose content is about 2wt%,spherical carbides will be formed,thus improving the thermal conductivity of the medium manganese steel.The interaction between rare earth elements and alloying elements will raise both the thermal conductivity and the wear-resisting property of medium manganese steel.展开更多
Cylindrical waveguides without end surfaces can serve as two-dimensional resonant cavities. In such cavities the electromagnetic oscillations corresponding to an eigenfrequency can always be taken as TM or TE modes ev...Cylindrical waveguides without end surfaces can serve as two-dimensional resonant cavities. In such cavities the electromagnetic oscillations corresponding to an eigenfrequency can always be taken as TM or TE modes even when the walls have a finite conductivity and the medium is absorptive. This paper obtains analytic solutions to the field equations when the cylinder has a circular cross section. Some nonperturbative conclusions are drawn from the eigenvalue equation. Approximate analytic results for the resonant frequencies are obtained when the absorption of the medium is small and the walls are good conductors. Stability of the eigen modes is discussed. Similar results for the coaxial line are presented.展开更多
To make heat conduction equation embody the essence of physical phenomenon under study, dimensionless factors were introduced and the transient heat conduction equation and its boundary conditions were transformed to ...To make heat conduction equation embody the essence of physical phenomenon under study, dimensionless factors were introduced and the transient heat conduction equation and its boundary conditions were transformed to dimensionless forms. Then, a theoretical solution model of transient heat conduction problem in one-dimensional double-layer composite medium was built utilizing the natural eigenfunction expansion method. In order to verify the validity of the model, the results of the above theoretical solution were compared with those of finite element method. The results by the two methods are in a good agreement. The maximum errors by the two methods appear when τ（τ is nondimensional time） equals 0.1 near the boundaries of ζ =1 （ζ is nondimensional space coordinate） and ζ =4. As τ increases, the error decreases gradually, and when τ =5 the results of both solutions have almost no change with the variation of coordinate 4.展开更多
In the current work, transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite medium is considered for its many applications in various heat fields. Here, the homotopy analysis method （HAM） is applied to solve this problem and ...In the current work, transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite medium is considered for its many applications in various heat fields. Here, the homotopy analysis method （HAM） is applied to solve this problem and analytical results are compared with those of the exact and integral methods results. The results show that the HAM can give much better approximations than the other approximate methods： Changes in heat fluxes and profiles of temperature are obtained at different times and positions for copper, iron and aluminum.展开更多
Under consideration is a nonclassical stationary problem on heat conduction in a body with the pre-set surface temperature and heat flow. The body contains inclusions at unknown locations and with unknown boundaries. ...Under consideration is a nonclassical stationary problem on heat conduction in a body with the pre-set surface temperature and heat flow. The body contains inclusions at unknown locations and with unknown boundaries. The body and inclusions have different constant thermal conductivities. The author explores the possibility of locating inclusions. The article presents an integral criterion based on which a few statements on identification of inclusions in a body are proved.展开更多
The thermal conductivity of diamond hybrid SiC/Cu,diamond/Cu and SiC/Cu composite were calculated by using the extended differential effective medium (DEM) theoretical model in this paper.The effects of the particle v...The thermal conductivity of diamond hybrid SiC/Cu,diamond/Cu and SiC/Cu composite were calculated by using the extended differential effective medium (DEM) theoretical model in this paper.The effects of the particle volume fraction,the particle size and the volume ratio of the diamond particles to the total particles on the thermal conductivity of the composite were studied.The DEM theoretical calculation results show that,for the diamond hybrid SiC/Cu composite,when the particle volume fraction is above 46% and the volume ratio of the diamond particles to the SiC particles is above 13:12,the thermal conductivity of the composite can reach 500 W·m-1·K-1.The thermal conduc-tivity of the composite has little change when the particle size is above 200μm.The experimental results show that Ti can improve the wettability of the SiC and Cu.The thermal conductivity of the diamond hybrid SiCTi/Cu is almost two times better than that of the diamond hybrid SiC/Cu.It is feasible to predict the thermal conductivity of the composite by DEM theoretical model.展开更多
The relationship between thermal conductivity and properties of mixing particles is required for quantitative study of heat transfer processes in asphalt-based materials. In this paper, we measured the e？ective ther-...The relationship between thermal conductivity and properties of mixing particles is required for quantitative study of heat transfer processes in asphalt-based materials. In this paper, we measured the e？ective ther- mal conductivity of asphalt-based materials with thermal conduction （graphite） and insulation （cenosphere） powders modification. By taking account of the particle shape, volume fraction, the thermal conductivity of filling particles and base asphalt, we present a new differential effective medium formula to predict the thermal conductivity modification in asphalt-based composite. Our theoretical predications are in good agreement with the experiment data. The new model can be applied for predicting the thermal properties of asphalt-based mixture, which is available for most of thermal modification in two-phase composites.展开更多
This paper reports that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the optical properties of CuS nanoparticles in composite samples. The complex conductivity of pure CuS nanoparticles is extracted by applyi...This paper reports that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the optical properties of CuS nanoparticles in composite samples. The complex conductivity of pure CuS nanoparticles is extracted by applying the Bruggeman effective medium theory. The experimental data are consistent with the Drude-Smith model of conductivity in the range of 0.2 1.5 THz. The results demonstrate that carriers become localized with a backscattering behaviour in small-size nanostructures. In addition, the time constant for the carrier scattering is obtained and is only 64.3 fs due to increased electron interaction with interfaces and grain boundaries.展开更多
The role of the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux theory in the two-dimensional laminar flow of the Jeffrey liquid is discussed with a vertical sheet. The salient feature in the energy equation is accounted due to the imple...The role of the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux theory in the two-dimensional laminar flow of the Jeffrey liquid is discussed with a vertical sheet. The salient feature in the energy equation is accounted due to the implementation of the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. A liquid with variable thermal conductivity is considered in the Darcy-Forchheimer porous space. The mathematical expressions of momentum and energy are coupled due to the presence of mixed convection. A highly nonlinear coupled system of equations is tackled with the homotopic algorithm. The convergence of the homotopy expressions is calculated graphically and numerically. The solutions of the velocity and temperature are expressed for various values of the Deborah number, the ratio of the relaxation time to the retardation time, the porosity parameter, the mixed convective parameter, the Darcy-Forchheimer parameter, and the conductivity parameter. The results show that the velocity and temperature are higher in Fourier＇s law of heat conduction cases in comparison with the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model.展开更多
True tri-axial sanding fracturing experiments are carried out on conglomerate samples from the Permian Wuerhe Formation of Mahu sag,Junggar Basin,to study hydraulic fracture propagation geometry and quartz sand transp...True tri-axial sanding fracturing experiments are carried out on conglomerate samples from the Permian Wuerhe Formation of Mahu sag,Junggar Basin,to study hydraulic fracture propagation geometry and quartz sand transport in ma-trix-supported fine conglomerate and grain-supported medium conglomerate.The effect of rough fracture surface on conduc-tivity is analyzed using the 3D-printing technology to reconstruct the rough surface formed in the fractured conglomerate.The hydraulic fractures formed in the matrix-supported fine conglomerate are fairly straight,and only more tortuous when en-countering large gravels at local parts;thus,proppants can get into the fractures easily with transport distance about 70%–90%of the fracture length.By contrast,in the grain-supported medium conglomerate,hydraulic fractures tend to bypass the gravels to propagate in tortuous paths and frequently change in width;therefore,proppants are difficult to transport in these fractures and only move less than 30%of the fracture length.As the ma trix-supported fine conglomerate has high matrix content and low hardness,proppants embed in the fracture surface severely.In contrast,the grain-supported medium conglomerate has higher gravel content and hardness,so the quartz sand is crushed more severely.Under the high proppant concentration of 5 kg/m^(2),when the closure stress is increased(above 60 MPa),fractures formed in both matrix-supported fine conglomerate and grain-supported medium conglomerate decrease in width significantly,and drop 88%and 92%in conductivity respectively compared with the case under the low closure stress of 20 MPa.The field tests prove that under high closure stress above 60 MPa,using a high proportion of fine proppants with high concentration allow the proppant to move further in the fracture;meanwhile proppant places more uniformly in the ro ugh fracture,resulting in a higher fracture conductivity and an improved well per-formance.展开更多
In the nonaqueous N,N -dimethylformamide medium, the chiral drugs ibuprofen and terbutaline were successfully separated with sulfonyl- β -cyclodextrin(s- β -CD) as the chiral selector by capillary electrophoresis wi...In the nonaqueous N,N -dimethylformamide medium, the chiral drugs ibuprofen and terbutaline were successfully separated with sulfonyl- β -cyclodextrin(s- β -CD) as the chiral selector by capillary electrophoresis with conductance detection. The comparison of the effects of three CDS( β -CD, diethylic- β -CD, sulfonyl- β -CD) on the chiral separation was made and the resolution mechanism was proposed.展开更多
Aerogel nanoporous materials possess high porosity, high specific surface area, and extremely low density due to their unique nanoscale network structure. Moreover, their effective thermal conductivity is very low, ma...Aerogel nanoporous materials possess high porosity, high specific surface area, and extremely low density due to their unique nanoscale network structure. Moreover, their effective thermal conductivity is very low, making them a new type of lightweight and highly efficient nanoscale super-insulating material. However, prediction of their effective thermal conductivity is challenging due to their uneven pore size distribution. To investigate the internal heat transfer mechanism of aerogel nanoporous materials, this study constructed a cross-aligned and cubic pore model(CACPM) based on the actual pore arrangement of SiO_(2) aerogel. Based on the established CACPM, the effective thermal conductivity expression for the aerogel was derived by simultaneously considering gas-phase heat conduction, solid-phase heat conduction, and radiative heat transfer. The derived expression was then compared with available experimental data and the Wei structure model. The results indicate that, according to the model established in this study for the derived thermal conductivity formula of silica aerogel, for powdery silica aerogel under the conditions of T = 298 K, a_(2)= 0.85, D_(1)= 90 μm, ρ = 128 kg/m^(3), within the pressure range of 0–10^(5)Pa, the average deviation between the calculated values and experimental values is 10.51%. In the pressure range of 10^(3)–10^(4)Pa, the deviation between calculated values and experimental values is within 4%. Under these conditions, the model has certain reference value in engineering verification. This study also makes a certain contribution to the research of aerogel thermal conductivity heat transfer models and calculation formulae.展开更多
The article investigates the influences of a variable thermal conductivity and wall slip on a peristaltic motion of Carreau nanofluid. The model is concerned with heat and mass transfer inside asymmetric channel. The ...The article investigates the influences of a variable thermal conductivity and wall slip on a peristaltic motion of Carreau nanofluid. The model is concerned with heat and mass transfer inside asymmetric channel. The blood is considered as the base Carreau non-Newtonian fluid and gold (Au) as nanoparticles stressed upon. The Fronchiener effect of the non-Darcian medium is taken in consideration. The system is stressed upon a strong magnetic field and the Hall currents are completed. The problem is modulated mathematically by a system of non-linear partial differential equations which describe the fluid velocity, temperature and concentration. The system is reformulated under the approximation of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. It is solved on using multi-step differential transform method (Ms-DTM) as a semi-analytical method. A gold nanoparticle has increased the temperature distribution which is of great importance in destroying the cancer cells.展开更多
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42477208 and 52079134)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (No. 2024AFA072)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2022332)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2024YFF0508203)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety (Nos. SKLGME-JBGS2402 and SKLGME022022)。
文摘Accurate acquisition of the rock stress is crucial for various rock engineering applications.The hollow inclusion (HI) technique is widely used for measuring in-situ rock stress.This technique calculates the stress tensor by measuring strain using an HI strain cell.However,existing analytical solutions for stress calculation based on an HI strain cell in a double-layer medium are not applicable when an HI strain cell is used in a three-layer medium,leading to erroneous stress calculations.To address this issue,this paper presents a method for calculating stress tensors in a three-layer medium using numerical simulations,specifically by obtaining a constitutive matrix that relates strain measurements to stress tensors in a three-layer medium.Furthermore,using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and orthogonal experimental design strategies,764 groups of numerical models encompassing various stress measurement scenarios have been established and calculated using FLAC^(3D)software.Finally,a surrogate model based on artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict constitutive matrices,achieving a goodness of fit (R^(2)) of 0.999 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 1.254.A software program has been developed from this surrogate model for ease of use in practical engineering applications.The method’s accuracy was verified through numerical simulations,analytical solution and laboratory experiment,demonstrating its effectiveness in calculating stress in a three-layer medium.The surrogate model was applied to calculate mining-induced stress in the roadway roof rock of a coal mine,a typical case for stress measurement in a three-layer medium.Errors in stress calculations arising from the use of existing analytical solutions were corrected.The study also highlights the significant errors associated with using double-layer analytical solutions in a three-layer medium,which could lead to inappropriate engineering design.
基金Project(52276068)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘This study examines the intricate occurrences of thermal and solutal Marangoni convection in three-layered flows of viscous fluids,with a particular emphasis on their relevance to renewable energy systems.This research examines the flow of a three-layered viscous fluid,considering the combined influence of heat and solutal buoyancy driven Rayleigh-Bénard convection,as well as thermal and solutal Marangoni convection.The homotopy perturbation method is used to examine and simulate complex fluid flow and transport phenomena,providing important understanding of the fundamental physics and assisting in the optimization of various battery configurations.The inquiry examines the primary elements that influence Marangoni convection and its impact on battery performance,providing insights on possible enhancements in energy storage devices.The findings indicate that the velocity profiles shown graphically exhibit a prominent core zone characterized by the maximum speed,which progressively decreases as it approaches the walls of the channel.This study enhances our comprehension of fluid dynamics and the transmission of heat and mass in intricate systems,which has substantial ramifications for the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.
文摘The influence of different contents of Cr,Mo,and rare earth element(RE)additives on the thermal conductivity of austenitic medium manganese steel was studied and discussed.The results show that the addition of Cr in medium manganese steel can improved the ordering of C–Mn atomic clusters,so as to improve the steel's thermal conductivity.However,Cr will lead to precipitation of a great deal of carbides in medium manganese steel when its content is greater than 4wt%.These carbides would aggregate around the grain boundary,and as a result,the thermal conductivity is decreased.By the addition of Mo whose content is about 2wt%,spherical carbides will be formed,thus improving the thermal conductivity of the medium manganese steel.The interaction between rare earth elements and alloying elements will raise both the thermal conductivity and the wear-resisting property of medium manganese steel.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10675174)
文摘Cylindrical waveguides without end surfaces can serve as two-dimensional resonant cavities. In such cavities the electromagnetic oscillations corresponding to an eigenfrequency can always be taken as TM or TE modes even when the walls have a finite conductivity and the medium is absorptive. This paper obtains analytic solutions to the field equations when the cylinder has a circular cross section. Some nonperturbative conclusions are drawn from the eigenvalue equation. Approximate analytic results for the resonant frequencies are obtained when the absorption of the medium is small and the walls are good conductors. Stability of the eigen modes is discussed. Similar results for the coaxial line are presented.
基金Projects(50576007,50876016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(20062180) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China
文摘To make heat conduction equation embody the essence of physical phenomenon under study, dimensionless factors were introduced and the transient heat conduction equation and its boundary conditions were transformed to dimensionless forms. Then, a theoretical solution model of transient heat conduction problem in one-dimensional double-layer composite medium was built utilizing the natural eigenfunction expansion method. In order to verify the validity of the model, the results of the above theoretical solution were compared with those of finite element method. The results by the two methods are in a good agreement. The maximum errors by the two methods appear when τ（τ is nondimensional time） equals 0.1 near the boundaries of ζ =1 （ζ is nondimensional space coordinate） and ζ =4. As τ increases, the error decreases gradually, and when τ =5 the results of both solutions have almost no change with the variation of coordinate 4.
文摘In the current work, transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite medium is considered for its many applications in various heat fields. Here, the homotopy analysis method （HAM） is applied to solve this problem and analytical results are compared with those of the exact and integral methods results. The results show that the HAM can give much better approximations than the other approximate methods： Changes in heat fluxes and profiles of temperature are obtained at different times and positions for copper, iron and aluminum.
文摘Under consideration is a nonclassical stationary problem on heat conduction in a body with the pre-set surface temperature and heat flow. The body contains inclusions at unknown locations and with unknown boundaries. The body and inclusions have different constant thermal conductivities. The author explores the possibility of locating inclusions. The article presents an integral criterion based on which a few statements on identification of inclusions in a body are proved.
基金financially supported by High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2008AA03Z505)
文摘The thermal conductivity of diamond hybrid SiC/Cu,diamond/Cu and SiC/Cu composite were calculated by using the extended differential effective medium (DEM) theoretical model in this paper.The effects of the particle volume fraction,the particle size and the volume ratio of the diamond particles to the total particles on the thermal conductivity of the composite were studied.The DEM theoretical calculation results show that,for the diamond hybrid SiC/Cu composite,when the particle volume fraction is above 46% and the volume ratio of the diamond particles to the SiC particles is above 13:12,the thermal conductivity of the composite can reach 500 W·m-1·K-1.The thermal conduc-tivity of the composite has little change when the particle size is above 200μm.The experimental results show that Ti can improve the wettability of the SiC and Cu.The thermal conductivity of the diamond hybrid SiCTi/Cu is almost two times better than that of the diamond hybrid SiC/Cu.It is feasible to predict the thermal conductivity of the composite by DEM theoretical model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants Nos. 50906073 and 50973018
文摘The relationship between thermal conductivity and properties of mixing particles is required for quantitative study of heat transfer processes in asphalt-based materials. In this paper, we measured the e？ective ther- mal conductivity of asphalt-based materials with thermal conduction （graphite） and insulation （cenosphere） powders modification. By taking account of the particle shape, volume fraction, the thermal conductivity of filling particles and base asphalt, we present a new differential effective medium formula to predict the thermal conductivity modification in asphalt-based composite. Our theoretical predications are in good agreement with the experiment data. The new model can be applied for predicting the thermal properties of asphalt-based mixture, which is available for most of thermal modification in two-phase composites.
基金Project supported by the Research Foundation of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of People’s Repulic of China (Grant No. 09ZY012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10904176)+1 种基金the "Project 985"the "Project 211" of Minzu University of China
文摘This paper reports that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the optical properties of CuS nanoparticles in composite samples. The complex conductivity of pure CuS nanoparticles is extracted by applying the Bruggeman effective medium theory. The experimental data are consistent with the Drude-Smith model of conductivity in the range of 0.2 1.5 THz. The results demonstrate that carriers become localized with a backscattering behaviour in small-size nanostructures. In addition, the time constant for the carrier scattering is obtained and is only 64.3 fs due to increased electron interaction with interfaces and grain boundaries.
文摘The role of the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux theory in the two-dimensional laminar flow of the Jeffrey liquid is discussed with a vertical sheet. The salient feature in the energy equation is accounted due to the implementation of the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. A liquid with variable thermal conductivity is considered in the Darcy-Forchheimer porous space. The mathematical expressions of momentum and energy are coupled due to the presence of mixed convection. A highly nonlinear coupled system of equations is tackled with the homotopic algorithm. The convergence of the homotopy expressions is calculated graphically and numerically. The solutions of the velocity and temperature are expressed for various values of the Deborah number, the ratio of the relaxation time to the retardation time, the porosity parameter, the mixed convective parameter, the Darcy-Forchheimer parameter, and the conductivity parameter. The results show that the velocity and temperature are higher in Fourier＇s law of heat conduction cases in comparison with the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model.
基金Supported by the PetroChina-China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Strategic Cooperation Project(ZLZX2020-04)。
文摘True tri-axial sanding fracturing experiments are carried out on conglomerate samples from the Permian Wuerhe Formation of Mahu sag,Junggar Basin,to study hydraulic fracture propagation geometry and quartz sand transport in ma-trix-supported fine conglomerate and grain-supported medium conglomerate.The effect of rough fracture surface on conduc-tivity is analyzed using the 3D-printing technology to reconstruct the rough surface formed in the fractured conglomerate.The hydraulic fractures formed in the matrix-supported fine conglomerate are fairly straight,and only more tortuous when en-countering large gravels at local parts;thus,proppants can get into the fractures easily with transport distance about 70%–90%of the fracture length.By contrast,in the grain-supported medium conglomerate,hydraulic fractures tend to bypass the gravels to propagate in tortuous paths and frequently change in width;therefore,proppants are difficult to transport in these fractures and only move less than 30%of the fracture length.As the ma trix-supported fine conglomerate has high matrix content and low hardness,proppants embed in the fracture surface severely.In contrast,the grain-supported medium conglomerate has higher gravel content and hardness,so the quartz sand is crushed more severely.Under the high proppant concentration of 5 kg/m^(2),when the closure stress is increased(above 60 MPa),fractures formed in both matrix-supported fine conglomerate and grain-supported medium conglomerate decrease in width significantly,and drop 88%and 92%in conductivity respectively compared with the case under the low closure stress of 20 MPa.The field tests prove that under high closure stress above 60 MPa,using a high proportion of fine proppants with high concentration allow the proppant to move further in the fracture;meanwhile proppant places more uniformly in the ro ugh fracture,resulting in a higher fracture conductivity and an improved well per-formance.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.9912 0 0 1)
文摘In the nonaqueous N,N -dimethylformamide medium, the chiral drugs ibuprofen and terbutaline were successfully separated with sulfonyl- β -cyclodextrin(s- β -CD) as the chiral selector by capillary electrophoresis with conductance detection. The comparison of the effects of three CDS( β -CD, diethylic- β -CD, sulfonyl- β -CD) on the chiral separation was made and the resolution mechanism was proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51764046 and 52160013)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of China (Grant No. S20231165Z)the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China (Grant Nos. 2023RCTD016 and 2024RCTD008)。
文摘Aerogel nanoporous materials possess high porosity, high specific surface area, and extremely low density due to their unique nanoscale network structure. Moreover, their effective thermal conductivity is very low, making them a new type of lightweight and highly efficient nanoscale super-insulating material. However, prediction of their effective thermal conductivity is challenging due to their uneven pore size distribution. To investigate the internal heat transfer mechanism of aerogel nanoporous materials, this study constructed a cross-aligned and cubic pore model(CACPM) based on the actual pore arrangement of SiO_(2) aerogel. Based on the established CACPM, the effective thermal conductivity expression for the aerogel was derived by simultaneously considering gas-phase heat conduction, solid-phase heat conduction, and radiative heat transfer. The derived expression was then compared with available experimental data and the Wei structure model. The results indicate that, according to the model established in this study for the derived thermal conductivity formula of silica aerogel, for powdery silica aerogel under the conditions of T = 298 K, a_(2)= 0.85, D_(1)= 90 μm, ρ = 128 kg/m^(3), within the pressure range of 0–10^(5)Pa, the average deviation between the calculated values and experimental values is 10.51%. In the pressure range of 10^(3)–10^(4)Pa, the deviation between calculated values and experimental values is within 4%. Under these conditions, the model has certain reference value in engineering verification. This study also makes a certain contribution to the research of aerogel thermal conductivity heat transfer models and calculation formulae.
文摘The article investigates the influences of a variable thermal conductivity and wall slip on a peristaltic motion of Carreau nanofluid. The model is concerned with heat and mass transfer inside asymmetric channel. The blood is considered as the base Carreau non-Newtonian fluid and gold (Au) as nanoparticles stressed upon. The Fronchiener effect of the non-Darcian medium is taken in consideration. The system is stressed upon a strong magnetic field and the Hall currents are completed. The problem is modulated mathematically by a system of non-linear partial differential equations which describe the fluid velocity, temperature and concentration. The system is reformulated under the approximation of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. It is solved on using multi-step differential transform method (Ms-DTM) as a semi-analytical method. A gold nanoparticle has increased the temperature distribution which is of great importance in destroying the cancer cells.
