Soil organic carbon in forest affects nutrient availability,microbial processes,and organic matter inputs.Dominant tree species have increasingly shifted from ectomycorrhizal to arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in ...Soil organic carbon in forest affects nutrient availability,microbial processes,and organic matter inputs.Dominant tree species have increasingly shifted from ectomycorrhizal to arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in subtropical forests.However,the consequences of this shift for soil organic carbon is poorly understood.To address this,a field study was conducted across a natural gradient of arbuscular tree associations to investigate how different mycorrhizal associations affect soil organic carbon quantity,composition,chemical stability,and related soil properties.Soil organic carbon fractions,functional groups,microbial enzyme activities were analyzed.Results showed that increasing arbuscular mycorrhizal dominance was associated with declines in total soil organic carbon,particularly in recalcitrant and aromatic carbon forms.Ectomycorrhizaldominated forests exhibited higher nitrogen availability and elevated nitrogen-hydrolyzing enzyme activity,suggesting enhanced nitrogen acquisition strategies that suppress soil organic carbon decomposition and promote carbon retention.These findings indicate that mycorrhizal-mediated shifts in tree composition may significantly alter soil carbon sequestration potential.Incorporating mycorrhizal functional traits into forest management and carbon modeling could improve predictions of soil organic carbon responses under future environmental change.展开更多
This study investigated biomass allocation in young stands of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)across 31 forest sites in the Western Carpathians,Slovakia.A total of 541 trees a...This study investigated biomass allocation in young stands of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)across 31 forest sites in the Western Carpathians,Slovakia.A total of 541 trees aged 2–10 years,originating from natural regeneration and planting,were destructively sampled to quantify biomass in four components:foliage,branches,stems,and roots.Generalized non-linear least squares(GNLS)models with a weighing variance function outperformed log-transformed seemingly unrelated regression(SUR)models in terms of accuracy and robustness,especially for foliage and branch biomass.When using height as the predictor,SUR models tended to underestimate biomass in planted beech,leading to notable underprediction of aboveground and total biomass.Biomass allocation patterns varied significantly by species and regeneration origin.Using a non-linear system of equations and component ratio modelling,we found out that planted spruce displayed low variability and a consistent dominance of needle biomass,while naturally regenerated beech showed greater variability and a higher proportion of stem biomass,reflecting stronger competition-driven vertical growth.Interspecific differences in total biomass were more pronounced when using tree height,with spruce generally exhibiting greater biomass than beech at equivalent heights.Overall,stem base diameter marginally outperformed tree height as a predictor of biomass.However,tree height-based models showed strong performance and are particularly suitable for integration with remote sensing applications.These findings can directly support forest managers and modellers in comparing regeneration methods and biomass estimation approaches for early-stage stand development,carbon accounting,and remote sensing calibration.展开更多
Under the strategic framework of rural revitalization and agricultural modernization, Xinjiashan Specialty Coffee Base, located in Zaotang Village, Lujiang Town, Longyang District, Baoshan City, has been proactively i...Under the strategic framework of rural revitalization and agricultural modernization, Xinjiashan Specialty Coffee Base, located in Zaotang Village, Lujiang Town, Longyang District, Baoshan City, has been proactively investigating innovative models for agricultural development. Through extensive communication and collaboration, this base has established close partnerships with research institutions including Kunming University of Science and Technology, Baoshan University, and Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with a commitment to thoroughly exploring the potential for resource recycling and ecological complementarity. An innovative four-in-one three-dimensional integrated planting system incorporating "coffee, bananas, green manure, and bees" has been implemented. Concurrently, technological and digital management strategies have been comprehensively integrated to improve planting efficiency. Under this model, the proportion of specialty coffee attains 71%, and the per-unit yield is 17% greater than that of the conventional planting model. This approach not only substantially enhances economic returns but also promotes the integrated development of ecological and social benefits, offering a valuable practical example and experiential reference for the specialty and sustainable advancement of the coffee industry in comparable regions.展开更多
Aerial surveys are dynamic and continuous processes,and there are different height distributions of the ground in the measurement area,which leads to problems such as overlapping measurement areas and inaccurate altit...Aerial surveys are dynamic and continuous processes,and there are different height distributions of the ground in the measurement area,which leads to problems such as overlapping measurement areas and inaccurate altitude correction during the survey process.Commonly used terrain correction methods are based on the concept of finite elementization of ground surface radioactive sources,using GPS coordinates,radar altitude,and ground elevation distribution information from aerial surveys,combined with the sourceless efficiency calibration method to construct a response matrix,which is then inverted for surface nuclide content.However,most of the sourceless efficiency calibration methods used are numerical calculations that consider the body detector as a point detector and do not consider the changes in intrinsic detection efficiency under different incident directions of gamma rays.Therefore,when the altitude of the measurement area varies significantly or the flight altitude of the aerial survey is relatively low,such sourceless efficiency calibration method calculations tend to have a large bias,which affects the accuracy of the terrain correction.To address the above problems,this study employs a novel sourceless efficiency calibration method based on the Boolean operation of the ray deposition process and simplifies the traditional body source measurement model to a surface source measurement model to achieve fast and accurate efficiency calibration.Then,through the discretization of the measurement process,the static measurement process is superposed as equivalent to the dynamic measurement process,and the dynamic measurement response matrix is built and optimized based on the calibration method.Finally,the PSO-MLEM algorithm was used to solve the dynamic measurement response matrix to achieve dynamic terrain correction of aerial survey data.Analysis of the Baiyun'ebo test area revealed that,after applying dynamic terrain correction,the inverted anomalies in uranium(eU),thorium(eTh),and potassium(K)concentrations were closer to ground measurements(within 5.72%-30.79%)and exhibited clearer anomaly boundaries compared to traditional height-based corrections.However,owing to the inherent statistical fluctuations and characteristics of matrix inversion,higher measurement values tend to absorb lower ones,potentially enlarging the anomalous regions.Nevertheless,the highanomaly regions after inversion largely coincided with the ground truth validation,demonstrating that the proposed method can effectively correct airborne gamma spectrometry data.展开更多
According to the Mindlin plate theory and the first-order piston theory,this work obtains accurate closed-form eigensolutions for the flutter problem of three-dimensional(3D)rectangular laminated panels.The governing ...According to the Mindlin plate theory and the first-order piston theory,this work obtains accurate closed-form eigensolutions for the flutter problem of three-dimensional(3D)rectangular laminated panels.The governing differential equations are derived by the Hamilton's variational principle,and then solved by the iterative Separation-of-Variable(i SOV)method,which are applicable to arbitrary combinations of homogeneous Boundary Conditions(BCs).However,only the simply-support,clamped and cantilever panels are considered in this work for the sake of clarity.With the closed-form eigensolutions,the flutter frequency,flutter mode and flutter boundary are presented,and the effect of shear deformation and aerodynamic damping on flutter frequencies is investigated.Besides,the relation between panel energy and the work of aerodynamic load is discussed.The numerical comparisons reveal the following.(A)The flutter eigenvalues obtained by the present method are accurate,validated by the Finite Element Method(FEM)and the Galerkin method.(B)When the span-chord ratio is larger than 3,simplifying a 3D panel to 2D(two-dimensional)panel is reasonable and the relative differences of the flutter points predicted by the two models are less than one percent.(C)The reciprocal relationship between the mechanical energy of the panel and the work done by aerodynamic load is verified by using the present flutter eigenvalues and modes,further indicating the high accuracy of the present solutions.(D)The coupling of shear deformation and aerodynamic damping prevents frequency coalescing.展开更多
[Objectives]To analyze the microbial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of peach trees in the Tangshan area of Hebei Province,identify the dominant microbial groups,and explore their potential e...[Objectives]To analyze the microbial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of peach trees in the Tangshan area of Hebei Province,identify the dominant microbial groups,and explore their potential ecological functions.[Methods]Amplification sequencing analysis of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of a peach orchard in Qian'an County,Tangshan City,Hebei Province,was performed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology.[Results]The indices of Sobs,Chao,ACE,and Shannon for soil bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of peach trees were all higher than those for fungi,indicating a more uniform and diverse bacterial community structure.At the phylum level,the bacteria with relatively high abundance included Pseudomonadota(28.29%),Acidobacteriota(18.10%),Bacillota(12.17%),and Actinomycetota(11.73%).In contrast,the fungi with relatively high abundance were Ascomycota(64.64%),Basidiomycota(14.22%),and Mortierellomycota(14.09%).At the genus level,the bacteria with relatively high abundance comprised Sphingomonas(5.00%),Priestia(3.38%),Nitrospira(2.05%),etc.The fungi with relatively high abundance included Fusarium(13.13%),Mortierella(12.86%),Tausonia(6.97%),Neocosmospora(4.77%),etc.[Conclusions]This study offers a foundational dataset and theoretical reference for the regulation of rhizosphere microecology and the management of soil health in peach orchards in Tangshan.展开更多
To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D lea...To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.展开更多
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herb...Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herbaceous plants,with notable applications in species such as Arabidopsis(Yin et al.,2024),soybean(Zhang et al.,2024),rice(Zhang et al.,2020),and Chinese cabbage(Li et al.,2021).However,its application in fruit trees is limited.This is primarily due to their long growth cycles and lack of rapid,efficient,and stable transgenic systems,which severely hinders foundational research involving plant genetic transformation(Mei et al.,2024).Furthermore,for subtropical fruit trees,the presence of recalcitrant seeds adds an extra layer of difficulty to genetic transformation(Umarani et al.,2015),as most methods rely on seed germination as a basis for transformation.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are ne...BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are necessary.However,due to differences in race and sex,people’s body shapes vary.According to European guidelines,the patch should measure 10 cm×15 cm.If any part of the MPO is dissected,injury to the nerves,vascular network,or organs may occur during surgery,thereby leading to inguinal discomfort,pain,and seroma formation after surgery.Therefore,accurate localization and measurement of the boundary of the MPO are crucial for selecting the optimal patch for inguinal hernia repair.AIM To compare the size of the MPO measured on three-dimensional multislice spiral computed tomography(CT)with that measured via laparoscopy and explore the relevant factors influencing the size of the MPO.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free inguinal hernia repair at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology between September 2022 and July 2024 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Transabdominal preperitoneal was performed.Sixty-four males and 10 females,with an average age of 58.30±12.32 years,were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected.The boundary of the MPO was measured on three-dimensional CT images before surgery and then again during transabdominal preperitoneal.All the preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed via paired t-tests.A t-test was used for comparisons of age,body mass index,and sex between the groups.In the comparative analysis,a P value less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference.RESULTS The boundaries of the MPO on 3-dimensional CT images measured 7.05±0.47 cm and 6.27±0.61 cm,and the area of the MPO was 19.54±3.33 cm^(2).The boundaries of the MPO during surgery were 7.18±0.51 cm and 6.17±0.40 cm.The errors were not statistically significant.However,the intraoperative BD(the width of the MPO,P=0.024,P<0.05)and preoperative AC(the length of the MPO,P=0.045,P<0.05)significantly differed according to sex.The AC and BD measurements before and during surgery were not significantly different according to age,body mass index,hernia side or hernia type(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of this technology can aid in determining the most appropriate dissection range and patch size.展开更多
Tree endophytic fungi play an important role in reducing insect herbivory,either by repelling them or kill-ing them directly.Identifying which fungi show such activ-ity could lead to new environmentally friendly pesti...Tree endophytic fungi play an important role in reducing insect herbivory,either by repelling them or kill-ing them directly.Identifying which fungi show such activ-ity could lead to new environmentally friendly pesticides.In this study,the Mediterranean basin climate conditions are projected to harshen in the next decades,will increase vulnerability of tree species to pest invasions.Endophytic fungi were isolated from wood and leaves of Quercus pyr-enaica,Q.ilex and Q.suber and tested for virulence against adults of the mealworm beetle,Tenebrio molitor L.using a direct contact method.Only 3 of 111 sporulating isolates had entomopathogenic activity,all identified as Lecanicillium lecanii.The pathogenicity of L.lecanii on T.molitor resulted in a median lethal time(TL50)of 14-16 d.Compared with commercial products,L.lecanii caused faster insect death than the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and nuclear polyhedrosis virus(no effect on T.molitor survival),and slower than Beauveria bassiana(TL50=5),Beauveria pseu-dobassiana(TL50=8d)and Bacillus thuriengensis(80%mortality first day after inoculation).Mortality was also accelerated under water stress,reducing TL50 by an addi-tional 33%.Remarkably,water stress alone had a comparable effect on mortality to that of L.lecanii isolates.This study confirms T.molitor as a good model insect for pathogenicity testing and agrees with management policies proposed in the EU Green Deal.展开更多
The development of efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is of great significance for the practical application of water splitting in alkaline electrolytes.Transitio...The development of efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is of great significance for the practical application of water splitting in alkaline electrolytes.Transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts have been widely recognized as efficient catalysts for water splitting in alkaline media.In this work,an original and efficient synthesis strategy is proposed for the fabrication of asymmetric anode(N-(Co-Cu)S_(x))and cathode(N-CoS/Cu_(2)S).Impressively,these electrodes exhibit superior performance,benefiting from the construction of three-dimensional(3D)structures and the electronic structure adjustment caused by N-doping with increased active sites,improved mass/charge transport and enhanced evolution and release of gas bubbles.Hence,N-(Co-Cu)S_(x)anode exhibits excellent OER performance with only 217 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2),while N-CoS/Cu_(2)S cathode possesses excellent HER performance with only 67 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2).N-(Co-Cu)S_(x)||N-CoS/Cu_(2)S electrolyzer presents a low cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA·cm^(-2)toward overall water splitting,which is superior to most recently reported transition metal sulfide-based catalysts.展开更多
It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimens...It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)models are relatively straightforward but time-consuming.One potential solution to enhance this process is to use machine learning algorithms to detect the 3D traces.In this study,a unique pixel-wise texture mapper algorithm generates a dense point cloud representation of an outcrop with the precise resolution of the original textured 3D model.A virtual digital image rendering was then employed to capture virtual images of selected regions.This technique helps to overcome limitations caused by the surface morphology of the rock mass,such as restricted access,lighting conditions,and shading effects.After AI-powered trace detection on two-dimensional(2D)images,a 3D data structuring technique was applied to the selected trace pixels.In the 3D data structuring,the trace data were structured through 2D thinning,3D reprojection,clustering,segmentation,and segment linking.Finally,the linked segments were exported as 3D polylines,with each polyline in the output corresponding to a trace.The efficacy of the proposed method was assessed using a 3D model of a real-world case study,which was used to compare the results of artificial intelligence(AI)-aided and human intelligence trace detection.Rosette diagrams,which visualize the distribution of trace orientations,confirmed the high similarity between the automatically and manually generated trace maps.In conclusion,the proposed semi-automatic method was easy to use,fast,and accurate in detecting the dominant jointing system of the rock mass.展开更多
Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade compone...Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.展开更多
This paper proposes an attitude control strategy for a flexible satellite equipped with an orthogonal cluster of three-dimensional(3D)magnetically suspended wheels(MSWs).The mathematical model for the satellite incorp...This paper proposes an attitude control strategy for a flexible satellite equipped with an orthogonal cluster of three-dimensional(3D)magnetically suspended wheels(MSWs).The mathematical model for the satellite incorporating flexible appendages and an orthogonal cluster of magnetically suspended reaction wheel actuators is initially developed.After that,an adaptive attitude controller is designed with a switching surface of variable structure,an adaptive law for estimating inertia matrix uncertainty,and a fuzzy disturbance observer for estimating disturbance torques.Additionally,a Moore-Penrose-based steering law is proposed to derive the tilt angle commands of the orthogonal configuration of the 3D MSW to follow the designed control signal.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.展开更多
Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma ...Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.展开更多
Rapid urbanization has caused significant changes along the urban-rural gradient,leading to a variety of landscapes that are mainly shaped by human activities.This dynamic interplay also influences the distribution an...Rapid urbanization has caused significant changes along the urban-rural gradient,leading to a variety of landscapes that are mainly shaped by human activities.This dynamic interplay also influences the distribution and characteristics of trees outside forests(TOF).Understanding the pattern of these trees will support informed decision-making in urban planning,in conservation strategies,and altogether in sustainable land management practices in the urban context.In this study,we employed a deep learning-based object detection model and high resolution satellite imagery to identify 1.3 million trees with bounding boxes within a 250 km^(2)research transect spanning the urban-rural gradient of Bengaluru,a megacity in Southern India.Additionally,we developed an allometric equation to estimate diameter at breast height(DBH)from the tree crown diameter(CD)derived from the detected bounding boxes.Our study focused on analyzing variations in tree density and tree size along this gradient.The findings revealed distinct patterns:the urban domain displayed larger tree crown diameters(mean:8.87 m)and DBH(mean:43.78 cm)but having relatively low tree density(32 trees per hectare).Furthermore,with increasing distance from the city center,tree density increased,while the mean tree crown diameter and mean tree basal area decreased,showing clear differences of tree density and size between the urban and rural domains in Bengaluru.This study offers an efficient methodology that helps generating instructive insights into the dynamics of TOF along the urban-rural gradient.This may inform urban planning and management strategies for enhancing green infrastructure and biodiversity conservation in rapidly urbanizing cities like Bengaluru.展开更多
The development of minimally invasive surgery has transformed the management of gastrointestinal cancer.Notably,three-dimensional visualization systems have increased surgical precision.This editorial discusses a rece...The development of minimally invasive surgery has transformed the management of gastrointestinal cancer.Notably,three-dimensional visualization systems have increased surgical precision.This editorial discusses a recent study by Shen and Zhang,which compared the clinical applications of naked-eye threedimensional laparoscopic systems vs traditional optical systems in radical surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer.Both systems appeared to yield comparable surgical and oncological outcomes in terms of safety parameters,operating times,and quality of lymph node dissection.However,the spectacle-free system’s technical and logistical limitations hindered its effects on the surgical team’s overall competency.This editorial examines the authors’findings within the broader context of the evolution of oncologic laparoscopy,discusses the relevance of the results in light of the current literature,and proposes future research directions focused on multicenter validation,comprehensive ergonomic analysis,and technological advancements aimed at enhancing intraoperative collaboration.As technology continues to evolve,clinical implementation of new methods must be supported by robust scientific evidence and standardized criteria,to ensure tangible improvements in efficiency,safety,and oncologic outcomes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 32471851,32171759 and 32201533)Jiangxi Province Ganpo Juncai Support Plan(2024BCE50043).
文摘Soil organic carbon in forest affects nutrient availability,microbial processes,and organic matter inputs.Dominant tree species have increasingly shifted from ectomycorrhizal to arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in subtropical forests.However,the consequences of this shift for soil organic carbon is poorly understood.To address this,a field study was conducted across a natural gradient of arbuscular tree associations to investigate how different mycorrhizal associations affect soil organic carbon quantity,composition,chemical stability,and related soil properties.Soil organic carbon fractions,functional groups,microbial enzyme activities were analyzed.Results showed that increasing arbuscular mycorrhizal dominance was associated with declines in total soil organic carbon,particularly in recalcitrant and aromatic carbon forms.Ectomycorrhizaldominated forests exhibited higher nitrogen availability and elevated nitrogen-hydrolyzing enzyme activity,suggesting enhanced nitrogen acquisition strategies that suppress soil organic carbon decomposition and promote carbon retention.These findings indicate that mycorrhizal-mediated shifts in tree composition may significantly alter soil carbon sequestration potential.Incorporating mycorrhizal functional traits into forest management and carbon modeling could improve predictions of soil organic carbon responses under future environmental change.
基金funded by the grant“EVA4.0”,No.Z.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803 supported by OP RDE as well as by the projects APVV-19-0387,APVV-22-0056,and APVV-23-0293 from the Slovak Research and Development Agencyco-funded by the European Commission under the Horizon Europe Teaming for Excellence action+1 种基金project Ligno Silvagrant agreement No.101059552。
文摘This study investigated biomass allocation in young stands of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)across 31 forest sites in the Western Carpathians,Slovakia.A total of 541 trees aged 2–10 years,originating from natural regeneration and planting,were destructively sampled to quantify biomass in four components:foliage,branches,stems,and roots.Generalized non-linear least squares(GNLS)models with a weighing variance function outperformed log-transformed seemingly unrelated regression(SUR)models in terms of accuracy and robustness,especially for foliage and branch biomass.When using height as the predictor,SUR models tended to underestimate biomass in planted beech,leading to notable underprediction of aboveground and total biomass.Biomass allocation patterns varied significantly by species and regeneration origin.Using a non-linear system of equations and component ratio modelling,we found out that planted spruce displayed low variability and a consistent dominance of needle biomass,while naturally regenerated beech showed greater variability and a higher proportion of stem biomass,reflecting stronger competition-driven vertical growth.Interspecific differences in total biomass were more pronounced when using tree height,with spruce generally exhibiting greater biomass than beech at equivalent heights.Overall,stem base diameter marginally outperformed tree height as a predictor of biomass.However,tree height-based models showed strong performance and are particularly suitable for integration with remote sensing applications.These findings can directly support forest managers and modellers in comparing regeneration methods and biomass estimation approaches for early-stage stand development,carbon accounting,and remote sensing calibration.
文摘Under the strategic framework of rural revitalization and agricultural modernization, Xinjiashan Specialty Coffee Base, located in Zaotang Village, Lujiang Town, Longyang District, Baoshan City, has been proactively investigating innovative models for agricultural development. Through extensive communication and collaboration, this base has established close partnerships with research institutions including Kunming University of Science and Technology, Baoshan University, and Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with a commitment to thoroughly exploring the potential for resource recycling and ecological complementarity. An innovative four-in-one three-dimensional integrated planting system incorporating "coffee, bananas, green manure, and bees" has been implemented. Concurrently, technological and digital management strategies have been comprehensively integrated to improve planting efficiency. Under this model, the proportion of specialty coffee attains 71%, and the per-unit yield is 17% greater than that of the conventional planting model. This approach not only substantially enhances economic returns but also promotes the integrated development of ecological and social benefits, offering a valuable practical example and experiential reference for the specialty and sustainable advancement of the coffee industry in comparable regions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFC2807400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12265003 and 12205044)。
文摘Aerial surveys are dynamic and continuous processes,and there are different height distributions of the ground in the measurement area,which leads to problems such as overlapping measurement areas and inaccurate altitude correction during the survey process.Commonly used terrain correction methods are based on the concept of finite elementization of ground surface radioactive sources,using GPS coordinates,radar altitude,and ground elevation distribution information from aerial surveys,combined with the sourceless efficiency calibration method to construct a response matrix,which is then inverted for surface nuclide content.However,most of the sourceless efficiency calibration methods used are numerical calculations that consider the body detector as a point detector and do not consider the changes in intrinsic detection efficiency under different incident directions of gamma rays.Therefore,when the altitude of the measurement area varies significantly or the flight altitude of the aerial survey is relatively low,such sourceless efficiency calibration method calculations tend to have a large bias,which affects the accuracy of the terrain correction.To address the above problems,this study employs a novel sourceless efficiency calibration method based on the Boolean operation of the ray deposition process and simplifies the traditional body source measurement model to a surface source measurement model to achieve fast and accurate efficiency calibration.Then,through the discretization of the measurement process,the static measurement process is superposed as equivalent to the dynamic measurement process,and the dynamic measurement response matrix is built and optimized based on the calibration method.Finally,the PSO-MLEM algorithm was used to solve the dynamic measurement response matrix to achieve dynamic terrain correction of aerial survey data.Analysis of the Baiyun'ebo test area revealed that,after applying dynamic terrain correction,the inverted anomalies in uranium(eU),thorium(eTh),and potassium(K)concentrations were closer to ground measurements(within 5.72%-30.79%)and exhibited clearer anomaly boundaries compared to traditional height-based corrections.However,owing to the inherent statistical fluctuations and characteristics of matrix inversion,higher measurement values tend to absorb lower ones,potentially enlarging the anomalous regions.Nevertheless,the highanomaly regions after inversion largely coincided with the ground truth validation,demonstrating that the proposed method can effectively correct airborne gamma spectrometry data.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12172023)。
文摘According to the Mindlin plate theory and the first-order piston theory,this work obtains accurate closed-form eigensolutions for the flutter problem of three-dimensional(3D)rectangular laminated panels.The governing differential equations are derived by the Hamilton's variational principle,and then solved by the iterative Separation-of-Variable(i SOV)method,which are applicable to arbitrary combinations of homogeneous Boundary Conditions(BCs).However,only the simply-support,clamped and cantilever panels are considered in this work for the sake of clarity.With the closed-form eigensolutions,the flutter frequency,flutter mode and flutter boundary are presented,and the effect of shear deformation and aerodynamic damping on flutter frequencies is investigated.Besides,the relation between panel energy and the work of aerodynamic load is discussed.The numerical comparisons reveal the following.(A)The flutter eigenvalues obtained by the present method are accurate,validated by the Finite Element Method(FEM)and the Galerkin method.(B)When the span-chord ratio is larger than 3,simplifying a 3D panel to 2D(two-dimensional)panel is reasonable and the relative differences of the flutter points predicted by the two models are less than one percent.(C)The reciprocal relationship between the mechanical energy of the panel and the work done by aerodynamic load is verified by using the present flutter eigenvalues and modes,further indicating the high accuracy of the present solutions.(D)The coupling of shear deformation and aerodynamic damping prevents frequency coalescing.
文摘[Objectives]To analyze the microbial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of peach trees in the Tangshan area of Hebei Province,identify the dominant microbial groups,and explore their potential ecological functions.[Methods]Amplification sequencing analysis of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of a peach orchard in Qian'an County,Tangshan City,Hebei Province,was performed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology.[Results]The indices of Sobs,Chao,ACE,and Shannon for soil bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of peach trees were all higher than those for fungi,indicating a more uniform and diverse bacterial community structure.At the phylum level,the bacteria with relatively high abundance included Pseudomonadota(28.29%),Acidobacteriota(18.10%),Bacillota(12.17%),and Actinomycetota(11.73%).In contrast,the fungi with relatively high abundance were Ascomycota(64.64%),Basidiomycota(14.22%),and Mortierellomycota(14.09%).At the genus level,the bacteria with relatively high abundance comprised Sphingomonas(5.00%),Priestia(3.38%),Nitrospira(2.05%),etc.The fungi with relatively high abundance included Fusarium(13.13%),Mortierella(12.86%),Tausonia(6.97%),Neocosmospora(4.77%),etc.[Conclusions]This study offers a foundational dataset and theoretical reference for the regulation of rhizosphere microecology and the management of soil health in peach orchards in Tangshan.
文摘To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.
基金funded by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B0202070002)the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(Grant No.GuikeAA23023007-2)+1 种基金the Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project(2024CXTD19)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010303)。
文摘Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herbaceous plants,with notable applications in species such as Arabidopsis(Yin et al.,2024),soybean(Zhang et al.,2024),rice(Zhang et al.,2020),and Chinese cabbage(Li et al.,2021).However,its application in fruit trees is limited.This is primarily due to their long growth cycles and lack of rapid,efficient,and stable transgenic systems,which severely hinders foundational research involving plant genetic transformation(Mei et al.,2024).Furthermore,for subtropical fruit trees,the presence of recalcitrant seeds adds an extra layer of difficulty to genetic transformation(Umarani et al.,2015),as most methods rely on seed germination as a basis for transformation.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
基金Supported by the 2022 Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education Institutions,No.2022sx031the 2023 Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education Institutions,No.2023jyxm1071.
文摘BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are necessary.However,due to differences in race and sex,people’s body shapes vary.According to European guidelines,the patch should measure 10 cm×15 cm.If any part of the MPO is dissected,injury to the nerves,vascular network,or organs may occur during surgery,thereby leading to inguinal discomfort,pain,and seroma formation after surgery.Therefore,accurate localization and measurement of the boundary of the MPO are crucial for selecting the optimal patch for inguinal hernia repair.AIM To compare the size of the MPO measured on three-dimensional multislice spiral computed tomography(CT)with that measured via laparoscopy and explore the relevant factors influencing the size of the MPO.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free inguinal hernia repair at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology between September 2022 and July 2024 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Transabdominal preperitoneal was performed.Sixty-four males and 10 females,with an average age of 58.30±12.32 years,were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected.The boundary of the MPO was measured on three-dimensional CT images before surgery and then again during transabdominal preperitoneal.All the preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed via paired t-tests.A t-test was used for comparisons of age,body mass index,and sex between the groups.In the comparative analysis,a P value less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference.RESULTS The boundaries of the MPO on 3-dimensional CT images measured 7.05±0.47 cm and 6.27±0.61 cm,and the area of the MPO was 19.54±3.33 cm^(2).The boundaries of the MPO during surgery were 7.18±0.51 cm and 6.17±0.40 cm.The errors were not statistically significant.However,the intraoperative BD(the width of the MPO,P=0.024,P<0.05)and preoperative AC(the length of the MPO,P=0.045,P<0.05)significantly differed according to sex.The AC and BD measurements before and during surgery were not significantly different according to age,body mass index,hernia side or hernia type(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of this technology can aid in determining the most appropriate dissection range and patch size.
基金supported by LIFE project MYCORESTORE“Innovative use of mycological resources for resilient and productive Mediterranean forests threatened by climate change,LIFE18 CCA/ES/001110”projects VA178P23 and VA208P20 funded by JCYL(Spain),both co-financed by FEDER(UE)budget.
文摘Tree endophytic fungi play an important role in reducing insect herbivory,either by repelling them or kill-ing them directly.Identifying which fungi show such activ-ity could lead to new environmentally friendly pesticides.In this study,the Mediterranean basin climate conditions are projected to harshen in the next decades,will increase vulnerability of tree species to pest invasions.Endophytic fungi were isolated from wood and leaves of Quercus pyr-enaica,Q.ilex and Q.suber and tested for virulence against adults of the mealworm beetle,Tenebrio molitor L.using a direct contact method.Only 3 of 111 sporulating isolates had entomopathogenic activity,all identified as Lecanicillium lecanii.The pathogenicity of L.lecanii on T.molitor resulted in a median lethal time(TL50)of 14-16 d.Compared with commercial products,L.lecanii caused faster insect death than the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and nuclear polyhedrosis virus(no effect on T.molitor survival),and slower than Beauveria bassiana(TL50=5),Beauveria pseu-dobassiana(TL50=8d)and Bacillus thuriengensis(80%mortality first day after inoculation).Mortality was also accelerated under water stress,reducing TL50 by an addi-tional 33%.Remarkably,water stress alone had a comparable effect on mortality to that of L.lecanii isolates.This study confirms T.molitor as a good model insect for pathogenicity testing and agrees with management policies proposed in the EU Green Deal.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Southwest Petroleum University(No.2021JBGS03)the Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects Guided by the Central Government of China(No.2021ZYD0060)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22209143 and 52371241)Guangdong High-level Innovation Institute Project(Nos.2021B0909050001 and 2021CX02L365)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515120095).
文摘The development of efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is of great significance for the practical application of water splitting in alkaline electrolytes.Transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts have been widely recognized as efficient catalysts for water splitting in alkaline media.In this work,an original and efficient synthesis strategy is proposed for the fabrication of asymmetric anode(N-(Co-Cu)S_(x))and cathode(N-CoS/Cu_(2)S).Impressively,these electrodes exhibit superior performance,benefiting from the construction of three-dimensional(3D)structures and the electronic structure adjustment caused by N-doping with increased active sites,improved mass/charge transport and enhanced evolution and release of gas bubbles.Hence,N-(Co-Cu)S_(x)anode exhibits excellent OER performance with only 217 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2),while N-CoS/Cu_(2)S cathode possesses excellent HER performance with only 67 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2).N-(Co-Cu)S_(x)||N-CoS/Cu_(2)S electrolyzer presents a low cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA·cm^(-2)toward overall water splitting,which is superior to most recently reported transition metal sulfide-based catalysts.
基金supported by grants from the Human Resources Development program (Grant No.20204010600250)the Training Program of CCUS for the Green Growth (Grant No.20214000000500)by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy of the Korean Government (MOTIE).
文摘It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)models are relatively straightforward but time-consuming.One potential solution to enhance this process is to use machine learning algorithms to detect the 3D traces.In this study,a unique pixel-wise texture mapper algorithm generates a dense point cloud representation of an outcrop with the precise resolution of the original textured 3D model.A virtual digital image rendering was then employed to capture virtual images of selected regions.This technique helps to overcome limitations caused by the surface morphology of the rock mass,such as restricted access,lighting conditions,and shading effects.After AI-powered trace detection on two-dimensional(2D)images,a 3D data structuring technique was applied to the selected trace pixels.In the 3D data structuring,the trace data were structured through 2D thinning,3D reprojection,clustering,segmentation,and segment linking.Finally,the linked segments were exported as 3D polylines,with each polyline in the output corresponding to a trace.The efficacy of the proposed method was assessed using a 3D model of a real-world case study,which was used to compare the results of artificial intelligence(AI)-aided and human intelligence trace detection.Rosette diagrams,which visualize the distribution of trace orientations,confirmed the high similarity between the automatically and manually generated trace maps.In conclusion,the proposed semi-automatic method was easy to use,fast,and accurate in detecting the dominant jointing system of the rock mass.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372071 and 12372070)the Aeronautical Science Fund of China(No.2022Z055052001)the Foundation of China Scholarship Council(No.202306830079)。
文摘Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2433004 and 12472015)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)(No.MCMS-I-0122K01).
文摘This paper proposes an attitude control strategy for a flexible satellite equipped with an orthogonal cluster of three-dimensional(3D)magnetically suspended wheels(MSWs).The mathematical model for the satellite incorporating flexible appendages and an orthogonal cluster of magnetically suspended reaction wheel actuators is initially developed.After that,an adaptive attitude controller is designed with a switching surface of variable structure,an adaptive law for estimating inertia matrix uncertainty,and a fuzzy disturbance observer for estimating disturbance torques.Additionally,a Moore-Penrose-based steering law is proposed to derive the tilt angle commands of the orthogonal configuration of the 3D MSW to follow the designed control signal.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
文摘Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.
基金financial support provided by the German Research Foundation,DFG,through grant number KL894/23-2 and NO 1444/1-2 as part of the Research Unit FOR2432/2the China Scholarship Council(CSC)that supports the first author with a Ph D scholarshipsupport provided by Indian partners at the Institute of Wood Science and Technology(IWST),Bengaluru。
文摘Rapid urbanization has caused significant changes along the urban-rural gradient,leading to a variety of landscapes that are mainly shaped by human activities.This dynamic interplay also influences the distribution and characteristics of trees outside forests(TOF).Understanding the pattern of these trees will support informed decision-making in urban planning,in conservation strategies,and altogether in sustainable land management practices in the urban context.In this study,we employed a deep learning-based object detection model and high resolution satellite imagery to identify 1.3 million trees with bounding boxes within a 250 km^(2)research transect spanning the urban-rural gradient of Bengaluru,a megacity in Southern India.Additionally,we developed an allometric equation to estimate diameter at breast height(DBH)from the tree crown diameter(CD)derived from the detected bounding boxes.Our study focused on analyzing variations in tree density and tree size along this gradient.The findings revealed distinct patterns:the urban domain displayed larger tree crown diameters(mean:8.87 m)and DBH(mean:43.78 cm)but having relatively low tree density(32 trees per hectare).Furthermore,with increasing distance from the city center,tree density increased,while the mean tree crown diameter and mean tree basal area decreased,showing clear differences of tree density and size between the urban and rural domains in Bengaluru.This study offers an efficient methodology that helps generating instructive insights into the dynamics of TOF along the urban-rural gradient.This may inform urban planning and management strategies for enhancing green infrastructure and biodiversity conservation in rapidly urbanizing cities like Bengaluru.
文摘The development of minimally invasive surgery has transformed the management of gastrointestinal cancer.Notably,three-dimensional visualization systems have increased surgical precision.This editorial discusses a recent study by Shen and Zhang,which compared the clinical applications of naked-eye threedimensional laparoscopic systems vs traditional optical systems in radical surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer.Both systems appeared to yield comparable surgical and oncological outcomes in terms of safety parameters,operating times,and quality of lymph node dissection.However,the spectacle-free system’s technical and logistical limitations hindered its effects on the surgical team’s overall competency.This editorial examines the authors’findings within the broader context of the evolution of oncologic laparoscopy,discusses the relevance of the results in light of the current literature,and proposes future research directions focused on multicenter validation,comprehensive ergonomic analysis,and technological advancements aimed at enhancing intraoperative collaboration.As technology continues to evolve,clinical implementation of new methods must be supported by robust scientific evidence and standardized criteria,to ensure tangible improvements in efficiency,safety,and oncologic outcomes.
