3-D evolution of Karman vortex filaments and vortex filaments in braid regions in the turbulent wake of a 2-D circulax cylinder is investigated numeri- cally based on inviscid vortex dynamics by analyzing the response...3-D evolution of Karman vortex filaments and vortex filaments in braid regions in the turbulent wake of a 2-D circulax cylinder is investigated numeri- cally based on inviscid vortex dynamics by analyzing the response of the initially 2-D spanwise vortex filaments to periodic spanwise disturbance of varying magnitude, wavelength and initial phase angles. Our results reveal a kind of 3-D vortex system in the wake which consists of large scale horseshoe-shaped vortices and small scale λ-shaped vortex filaments as well as vortex loops. The mechanism and the dynamic process about the generation of streamwise vortical structure and the 3-D coherent structure are reported.展开更多
In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understandin...In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understanding the three-dimensional structure and induced transport has been observed.This study concentrates on the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean,specifically examining a subsurface anticyclonic eddy(SAE)sampled by a Mooring A in the BG region.Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)analysis data reveal its lifecycle from February 15 to March 15,2017,marked by initiation,development,maturity,decay,and termination stages.This work extends the finding of SAE passing through Mooring A by examining its overall effects,spatiotemporal variations,and swirl transport.SAE generation through baroclinic instability,which contributes to the westward tilt of the vertical axis,is also confirmed in this study.Swirl transport induced by SAE is predominantly eastward and downward due to its trajectory and background flow.SAE temporarily weakens stratification and extends the subsurface depth but demonstrates transient effects.Moreover,SAE transports upper-layer freshwater,Pacific Winter Water,and Atlantic Water downward,emphasizing its potential influence on freshwater redistribution in the Canadian Basin.This research provides valuable insights into mesoscale eddy dynamics,revealing their role in modulating the upper water mass in the BG region.展开更多
Fushun oil shale(FOS) was subjected to thermal dissolution(TD) under different conditions. The results show that the optimal solvent, temperature, time, and ratio of solvent to FOS are ethanol, 300 °C, 2 h, and 5...Fushun oil shale(FOS) was subjected to thermal dissolution(TD) under different conditions. The results show that the optimal solvent, temperature, time, and ratio of solvent to FOS are ethanol, 300 °C, 2 h, and 5 ml·g^(-1),respectively and the corresponding yield of the soluble portion(SP) is 32.2%(daf), which is much higher than the oil content of FOS(ca. 6%), suggesting that TD in ethanol is an excellent way to extract organics from FOS.According to 3 direct analyses, aliphatic moieties in FOS are the most abundant followed by C\\O-containing moieties and each cluster in FOS has 3 conjugated aromatic rings on average with fewer substituents. According to the analysis with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, alkanes are predominant in all the SPs. A number of alkenes were identified in the SPs from the TD, while none of the alkenes were detected in acetone-SP obtained at room temperature, implying that the TD can destroy the π-π and intertwining interactions between alkenes and macromolecular structures in FOS. Moreover, a small amount of alkyl-substituted phenols and alkoxysubstituted phenols were detected in ethanol-SP from the TD, which could be the products from ethanolyzing the macromolecular moiety of FOS.展开更多
Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. ...Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. It has been used as an important herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and also as one of the most popular fruits. There are various kinds of bioactive compounds in F. margarita, such as polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, etc. In addition, many studies have reported that these bioactive compounds can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, drosophila lure components in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and daily chemical products due to their biological activities. This review focuses on the structural features and biological activities of polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils and flavonoids and other bioactive substances from F. margarita and their potential applications in food, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.展开更多
In this paper, a series of Sb-doped and Bi-doped Cu_(2)Sn_(1-x)M_(x)Se_(3) samples(M = Sb, Bi) are prepared by vacuum melting combined with the spark plasma sintering process. The effects of different atomic doping am...In this paper, a series of Sb-doped and Bi-doped Cu_(2)Sn_(1-x)M_(x)Se_(3) samples(M = Sb, Bi) are prepared by vacuum melting combined with the spark plasma sintering process. The effects of different atomic doping amounts on their properties are discussed. Structural studies indicate that all obtained samples comprise a single Cu_(2)SnSe_(3) phase. Sb and Bi atoms are experimentally demonstrated to be efficient cation dopants for increasing the transport performance. Compared with that doping on the cation site,Bi doping is much more efficient in increasing the electron concentration of the Cu_(2)SnSe_(3) system. Ultimately, a high figure of merit of 0.36 is achieved in the Cu_(2)Sn_(0.94)Sb_(0.06) Se_(3) sample at 773 K due to the enhanced power factor and lowered lattice thermal conductivity,which are 1.73 times higher than those of the pure sample.Our results provide an efficient approach to enhance thermoelectric performance via other doping atoms, which could also be applied to copper-based chalcogenide materials.展开更多
The catalyst layers(CLs) electrode is the key component of the membrane electrode assembly(MEA) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). Conventional electrodes for PEMFCs are composed of carbon-supported, iono...The catalyst layers(CLs) electrode is the key component of the membrane electrode assembly(MEA) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). Conventional electrodes for PEMFCs are composed of carbon-supported, ionomer, and Pt nanoparticles, all immersed together and sprayed with a micron-level thickness of CLs. They have a performance trade-off where increasing the Pt loading leads to higher performance of abundant triple-phase boundary areas but increases the electrode cost. Major challenges must be overcome before realizing its wide commercialization. Literature research revealed that it is impossible to achieve performance and durability targets with only high-performance catalysts, so the controllable design of CLs architecture in MEAs for PEMFCs must now be the top priority to meet industry goals. From this perspective, a 3D ordered electrode circumvents this issue with a support-free architecture and ultrathin thickness while reducing noble metal Pt loadings. Herein, we discuss the motivation in-depth and summarize the necessary CLs structural features for designing ultralow Pt loading electrodes. Critical issues that remain in progress for 3D ordered CLs must be studied and characterized. Furthermore, approaches for 3D ordered CLs architecture electrode development, involving material design, structure optimization, preparation technology, and characterization techniques, are summarized and are expected to be next-generation CLs for PEMFCs. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives on possible research directions of CL architecture to address the significant challenges in the future.展开更多
In order to explore the structural features of neural networks and the ap-proaches to local interconnection,the geometrical structural information is introduced tothe Hopfield neural network model which is applied to ...In order to explore the structural features of neural networks and the ap-proaches to local interconnection,the geometrical structural information is introduced tothe Hopfield neural network model which is applied to associative memory.The dynamicsof the recalling is studied theoretically and cxpcrimcntally.The rcsults show that the geo-metrical structural information is helpless to the associative memory of monolayeredneural networks,furthermore,it makes the error probability increased.If the geometricalstructural information of the stored patterns is necessary to be introduced,somc new ap-proaches have to be explored.展开更多
Spin-polarized first-principle was performed to study the structural stability and the electronic states of Cr doped ZnS with the Cr component of 50% in zincblende （ZB）, wurtzite （W） and rocksalt （RS） structures...Spin-polarized first-principle was performed to study the structural stability and the electronic states of Cr doped ZnS with the Cr component of 50% in zincblende （ZB）, wurtzite （W） and rocksalt （RS） structures under pressure. The results show that the zincblende and wurtzite structures become unstable under low pressures of about 4.68 and 9.61 GPa, respectively, but the rocksalt structure can be maintained up to an extremely high pressure of about 32.92 GPa. Both zincblende and wurtzite Zno.sCro.5S display half metallic features under pressure, while rocksalt Zno.sCro.sS exhibits metallic feature. The half metallic features can be ascribed to the stronger interactions between S-3p and Cr-3d states and the metallic feature is due to the higher crystal symmetry of rocksalt Zn0.5Cr0.5S. These results can provide helpful guidance for Cr doped ZnS to be used in spintronic devices.展开更多
The 1°×1° distribution map of crustmantle structural ratio R for the lithosphere along the Longitudinal Seismic Belt of China has been compiled using computer based on the results of geophysical prospec...The 1°×1° distribution map of crustmantle structural ratio R for the lithosphere along the Longitudinal Seismic Belt of China has been compiled using computer based on the results of geophysical prospecting by previous researchers, and the latest results by the present authors. Based on this map, an insight into the structural features of the crustmantle assemblage along the Longitudinal Seismic Belt has been gained, while their relation to seismic activity and the distributions of geothermal flux and intracrustal high conductivitylow velocity layers, as well as their tectonic effect to seismicity have been discussed.展开更多
To estimate basal water storage beneath the Antarctic ice sheet, it is essential to have data on the three-dimensional characteristics of subglacial lakes. We present a method to estimate the water depth and surface a...To estimate basal water storage beneath the Antarctic ice sheet, it is essential to have data on the three-dimensional characteristics of subglacial lakes. We present a method to estimate the water depth and surface area of Antarctic subglacial lakes from the inversion of hydraulic potential method. Lake Vostok is chosen as a case study because of the diverse and comprehensive measurements that have been obtained over and around the lake. The average depth of Lake Vostok is around 345±4 m. We estimated the surface area of Lake Vostok beneath the ice sheet to be about 13300±594 km^2. The lake consists of two sub-basins separated by a ridge at water depths of about 200–300 m. The surface area of the northern sub-basin is estimated to be about half of that of the southern basin. The maximum depths of the northern and southern sub-basins are estimated to be about 450 and 850 m, respectively. Total water volume is estimated to be about 4658±204 km^3. These estimates are compared with previous estimates obtained from seismic data and inversion of aerogravity data. In general, our estimates are closer to those obtained from the inversion of aerogravity data than those from seismic data, indicating the applicability of our method to the estimation of water depths of other subglacial lakes.展开更多
The four nucleotides (bases), A, T (U), G and C in small genomes, virus DNA/RNA, organelle and plastid genomes were also arranged sophisticatedly in the structural features in a single-strand with 1) reverse-complemen...The four nucleotides (bases), A, T (U), G and C in small genomes, virus DNA/RNA, organelle and plastid genomes were also arranged sophisticatedly in the structural features in a single-strand with 1) reverse-complement symmetry of base or base sequences, 2) bias of four bases, 3) multiple fractality of the distribution of each four bases depending on the distance in double logarithmic plot (power spectrum) of L (the distance of a base to the next base) vs. P (L) (the probability of the base-distribution at L), although their genomes were composed of low numbers of the four bases, and the base-symmetry was rather lower than the prokaryotic-and the eukaryotic cells. In the case of the genomic DNA composed of less than 10,000 nt, it was better than to be partitioned at 10 of the L-value, and the structural features for the biologically active genomic DNA were observed as the large genomes. As the results, the base sequences of the genomic DNA including the genomic-RNA might be universal in all genomes. In addition, the relationship between the structural features of the genome and the biological complexity was discussed.展开更多
Handwriting recognition is one of the most significant problems in pattern recognition,many studies have been proposed to improve this recognition of handwritten text for different languages.Yet,Fewer studies have bee...Handwriting recognition is one of the most significant problems in pattern recognition,many studies have been proposed to improve this recognition of handwritten text for different languages.Yet,Fewer studies have been done for the Arabic language and the processing of its texts remains a particularly distinctive problem due to the variability of writing styles and the nature of Arabic scripts compared to other scripts.The present paper suggests a feature extraction technique for offlineArabic handwriting recognition.A handwriting recognition system for Arabic words using a few important structural features and based on a Radial Basis Function(RBF)neural networks is proposed.The methods of feature extraction are central to achieve high recognition performance.The proposed methodology relies on a feature extraction technique based on many structural characteristics extracted from the word skeleton(subwords,diacritics,loops,ascenders,and descenders).In order to reach our purpose,we built our own word database and the proposed system has been successfully tested on a handwriting database of Algerian city names(wilayas).Finally,a simple classifier based on the radial basis function neural network is presented to recognize certain words to verify the reliability of the proposed feature extraction.The experiments on some images of the benchmark IFN/ENIT database show that the proposed system improves recognition and the results obtained are indicative of the efficiency of our technique.展开更多
With drilling and seismic data of Transtensional(strike-slip)Fault System in the Ziyang area of the central Sichuan Basin,SW China plane-section integrated structural interpretation,3-D fault framework model building,...With drilling and seismic data of Transtensional(strike-slip)Fault System in the Ziyang area of the central Sichuan Basin,SW China plane-section integrated structural interpretation,3-D fault framework model building,fault throw analyzing,and balanced profile restoration,it is pointed out that the transtensional fault system in the Ziyang 3-D seismic survey consists of the northeast-trending F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones dominated by extensional deformation,as well as 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults experienced dextral shear deformation.Among them,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones cut through the Neoproterozoic to Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation,presenting a 3-D structure of an“S”-shaped ribbon.And before Permian and during the Early Triassic,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones underwent at least two periods of structural superimposition.Besides,the 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults are composed of small normal faults arranged in pairs,with opposite dip directions and partially left-stepped arrangement.And before Permian,they had formed almost,restricting the eastward growth and propagation of the F_(I)19 fault zone.The F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones communicate multiple sets of source rocks and reservoirs from deep to shallow,and the timing of fault activity matches well with oil and gas generation peaks.If there were favorable Cambrian-Triassic sedimentary facies and reservoirs developing on the local anticlinal belts of both sides of the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones,the major reservoirs in this area are expected to achieve breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration.展开更多
The motivation for this article is to propose new damage classifiers based on a supervised learning problem for locating and quantifying damage.A new feature extraction approach using time series analysis is introduce...The motivation for this article is to propose new damage classifiers based on a supervised learning problem for locating and quantifying damage.A new feature extraction approach using time series analysis is introduced to extract damage-sensitive features from auto-regressive models.This approach sets out to improve current feature extraction techniques in the context of time series modeling.The coefficients and residuals of the AR model obtained from the proposed approach are selected as the main features and are applied to the proposed supervised learning classifiers that are categorized as coefficient-based and residual-based classifiers.These classifiers compute the relative errors in the extracted features between the undamaged and damaged states.Eventually,the abilities of the proposed methods to localize and quantify single and multiple damage scenarios are verified by applying experimental data for a laboratory frame and a four-story steel structure.Comparative analyses are performed to validate the superiority of the proposed methods over some existing techniques.Results show that the proposed classifiers,with the aid of extracted features from the proposed feature extraction approach,are able to locate and quantify damage;however,the residual-based classifiers yield better results than the coefficient-based classifiers.Moreover,these methods are superior to some classical techniques.展开更多
The Kyushu–Palau Ridge(KPR),an anti-S-shaped submarine highland at the center of the Philippine Sea Plate(PSP),is considered the residual arc of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Island Arc,which retains key information about ...The Kyushu–Palau Ridge(KPR),an anti-S-shaped submarine highland at the center of the Philippine Sea Plate(PSP),is considered the residual arc of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Island Arc,which retains key information about the cessation of the Western Philippine Basin(WPB)expansion and the Parece Vela Basin(PVB)breakup.Herein,using the new generation of satellite altimetry gravity data,high-precision seafloor topography data,and newly acquired ship-borne gravity data,the topographic and gravity characteristics of the KPR mid-southern section and adjacent region are depicted.The distribution characteristics of the faults were delineated using the normalized vertical derivative–total horizontal derivative method(NVDR-THDR)and the minimum curvature potential field separation method.The Moho depth and crustal thickness were inverted using the rapid inversion method for a double-interface model with depth constraints.Based on these results,the crust structure features in the KPR mid-southern section,and the“triangular”structure geological significance where the KPR and Central Basin Rift(CBR)of the WPB intersect are interpreted.The KPR crustal thickness is approximately 6–16 km,with a distinct discontinuity that is slightly thicker than the normal oceanic crust.The KPR mid-southern section crust structure was divided into four segments(S1–S4)from north to south,formed by the CBR eastward extension joint action and clockwise rotation of the PVB expansion axis and the Mindanao fault zone blocking effect.展开更多
Tropoje-Has ophiolitic massif of eastern Mirdita(Albania)ophiolitic belt,is a major source for metallurgical chromite ore in Albania.Massif consists of a thick mantle section of SSZ type,8-10 km thick and
This article aims to develop a head pursuit （HP） guidance law for three-dimensional hypervelocity interception, so that the effect of the perturbation induced by seeker detection can be reduced. On the basis of a no...This article aims to develop a head pursuit （HP） guidance law for three-dimensional hypervelocity interception, so that the effect of the perturbation induced by seeker detection can be reduced. On the basis of a novel HP three-dimensional guidance model, a nonlinear variable structure guidance law is presented by using Lyapunov stability theory. The guidance law positions the interceptor ahead of the target on its tlight trajectory, and the speed of the interceptor is required to be lower than that of the target, A numerical example of maneuvering ballistic target interception verifies the rightness of the guidance model and the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
The theoretical research on the propulsive principle of aquatic animal becomes more important and attracted more researchers to make efforts on it. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulatio...The theoretical research on the propulsive principle of aquatic animal becomes more important and attracted more researchers to make efforts on it. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulation of a three-dimensional traveling-wave undulations body of tuna has been developed to investigate the fluid flow features and vorticity structures around this body when moving in a straight line. The undulation only takes place in the posterior half of the fish, and the tuna-tail is considered as a lunate fin oscillating with the mode combined swaying with yawing. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equation is developed, employing a control-volume method and a k-omega SST turbulent model; meanwhile an unstructured tetrahedral grid, which is generated for the three-dimensional geometry, is used based on the deformation of the hind parts of the body and corresponding movement of the tail. We calculated the hydrodynamic performance of tuna-like body when a tuna swims in a uniform velocity, and compared the input power coefficient, output power coefficient and propulsive efficiency of the oscillating tuna-tail with or without body vortex shedding. Additionally, the load distribution on the body, flow features and vorticity structures around the body were demonstrated. The effect of interaction between the body-generated vortices and the tail-generated vorticity on the hydrodynamic performance can be obtained.展开更多
The daily 1°× 1° data of the Aviation （AVN） model, the black body temperature （TBB） data of cloud top, and cloud images by geostationary meteorological satellite （GMS） are used to identify a dew-p...The daily 1°× 1° data of the Aviation （AVN） model, the black body temperature （TBB） data of cloud top, and cloud images by geostationary meteorological satellite （GMS） are used to identify a dew-point front near the periphery of the western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH）. The results clearly demonstrate the existence of the dew-point front, and its thermodynamic and dynamic structural characteristics are analyzed in detail. The dew-point front is a transitional belt between the moist southwest monsoon flow and the dry adiabatic sinking flow near the WPSH, manifested by a large horizontal moisture gradient in the mid-lower troposphere and conjugated with the mei-yu front to form a predominant double-front structure associated with intense rainfall in the mei-yu period. The mei-yu front is located between 30° and 35°N, vertically extends from the ground level to the upper level and shifts northward. The dew-point front is to the south of the mei-yu front and lies up against the periphery of the WPSH. Generally, it is located between 850 hPa and 500 hPa. On the dew-point front side, the southwesterly prevails at the lower level and the northeasterly at the upper level; this wind distribution is different from that on the mei-yu front side. Vertical ascending motion exists between the two fronts, and there are descending motions on the north side of the mei^yu front and on the south side of the dew-point front~ which form a secondary circulation. The dynamics of the double fronts also have some interesting features. At the lower level, positive vertical vorticity and obvious convergence between the two fronts are clearly identified. At the mid-lower level, negative local change of the divergence （corresponding to increasing convergence） is often embedded in the two fronts or against the mei-yu front. Most cloud clusters occur between the two fronts and propagate down stream in a wave-like manner.展开更多
Microseismic/acoustic emission(MS/AE)source localization method is crucial for predicting and controlling of potentially dangerous sources of complex structures.However,the locating errors induced by both the irregula...Microseismic/acoustic emission(MS/AE)source localization method is crucial for predicting and controlling of potentially dangerous sources of complex structures.However,the locating errors induced by both the irregular structure and pre-measured velocity are poorly understood in existing methods.To meet the high-accuracy locating requirements in complex three-dimensional hole-containing structures,a velocity-free MS/AE source location method is developed in this paper.It avoids manual repetitive training by using equidistant grid points to search the path,which introduces A*search algorithm and uses grid points to accommodate complex structures with irregular holes.It also takes advantage of the velocity-free source location method.To verify the validity of the proposed method,lead-breaking tests were performed on a cubic concrete test specimen with a size of 10 cm10 cm10 cm.It was cut out into a cylindrical empty space with a size of/6cm10 cm.Based on the arrivals,the classical Geiger method and the proposed method are used to locate lead-breaking sources.Results show that the locating error of the proposed method is 1.20 cm,which is less than 2.02 cm of the Geiger method.Hence,the proposed method can effectively locate sources in the complex three-dimensional structure with holes and achieve higher precision requirements.展开更多
文摘3-D evolution of Karman vortex filaments and vortex filaments in braid regions in the turbulent wake of a 2-D circulax cylinder is investigated numeri- cally based on inviscid vortex dynamics by analyzing the response of the initially 2-D spanwise vortex filaments to periodic spanwise disturbance of varying magnitude, wavelength and initial phase angles. Our results reveal a kind of 3-D vortex system in the wake which consists of large scale horseshoe-shaped vortices and small scale λ-shaped vortex filaments as well as vortex loops. The mechanism and the dynamic process about the generation of streamwise vortical structure and the 3-D coherent structure are reported.
基金support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.E2ET0411X2).
文摘In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understanding the three-dimensional structure and induced transport has been observed.This study concentrates on the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean,specifically examining a subsurface anticyclonic eddy(SAE)sampled by a Mooring A in the BG region.Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)analysis data reveal its lifecycle from February 15 to March 15,2017,marked by initiation,development,maturity,decay,and termination stages.This work extends the finding of SAE passing through Mooring A by examining its overall effects,spatiotemporal variations,and swirl transport.SAE generation through baroclinic instability,which contributes to the westward tilt of the vertical axis,is also confirmed in this study.Swirl transport induced by SAE is predominantly eastward and downward due to its trajectory and background flow.SAE temporarily weakens stratification and extends the subsurface depth but demonstrates transient effects.Moreover,SAE transports upper-layer freshwater,Pacific Winter Water,and Atlantic Water downward,emphasizing its potential influence on freshwater redistribution in the Canadian Basin.This research provides valuable insights into mesoscale eddy dynamics,revealing their role in modulating the upper water mass in the BG region.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017BSCXB27)the Research and the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX17_1507)
文摘Fushun oil shale(FOS) was subjected to thermal dissolution(TD) under different conditions. The results show that the optimal solvent, temperature, time, and ratio of solvent to FOS are ethanol, 300 °C, 2 h, and 5 ml·g^(-1),respectively and the corresponding yield of the soluble portion(SP) is 32.2%(daf), which is much higher than the oil content of FOS(ca. 6%), suggesting that TD in ethanol is an excellent way to extract organics from FOS.According to 3 direct analyses, aliphatic moieties in FOS are the most abundant followed by C\\O-containing moieties and each cluster in FOS has 3 conjugated aromatic rings on average with fewer substituents. According to the analysis with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, alkanes are predominant in all the SPs. A number of alkenes were identified in the SPs from the TD, while none of the alkenes were detected in acetone-SP obtained at room temperature, implying that the TD can destroy the π-π and intertwining interactions between alkenes and macromolecular structures in FOS. Moreover, a small amount of alkyl-substituted phenols and alkoxysubstituted phenols were detected in ethanol-SP from the TD, which could be the products from ethanolyzing the macromolecular moiety of FOS.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2016J05068)High Level University Construction Projects of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(612014042)+2 种基金Science and Technology Development Foundation Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KF2015101)Leading Talents Support Program of Science and Technology Innovation in Fujian Province(KRC16002A)Excellent Talents Support Program of Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province(JA14094)
文摘Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. It has been used as an important herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and also as one of the most popular fruits. There are various kinds of bioactive compounds in F. margarita, such as polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, etc. In addition, many studies have reported that these bioactive compounds can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, drosophila lure components in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and daily chemical products due to their biological activities. This review focuses on the structural features and biological activities of polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils and flavonoids and other bioactive substances from F. margarita and their potential applications in food, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0210003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11775163 and 11875208)。
文摘In this paper, a series of Sb-doped and Bi-doped Cu_(2)Sn_(1-x)M_(x)Se_(3) samples(M = Sb, Bi) are prepared by vacuum melting combined with the spark plasma sintering process. The effects of different atomic doping amounts on their properties are discussed. Structural studies indicate that all obtained samples comprise a single Cu_(2)SnSe_(3) phase. Sb and Bi atoms are experimentally demonstrated to be efficient cation dopants for increasing the transport performance. Compared with that doping on the cation site,Bi doping is much more efficient in increasing the electron concentration of the Cu_(2)SnSe_(3) system. Ultimately, a high figure of merit of 0.36 is achieved in the Cu_(2)Sn_(0.94)Sb_(0.06) Se_(3) sample at 773 K due to the enhanced power factor and lowered lattice thermal conductivity,which are 1.73 times higher than those of the pure sample.Our results provide an efficient approach to enhance thermoelectric performance via other doping atoms, which could also be applied to copper-based chalcogenide materials.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2023MB049)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M670483)the Science Foundation of Weifang University (2023BS11)。
文摘The catalyst layers(CLs) electrode is the key component of the membrane electrode assembly(MEA) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). Conventional electrodes for PEMFCs are composed of carbon-supported, ionomer, and Pt nanoparticles, all immersed together and sprayed with a micron-level thickness of CLs. They have a performance trade-off where increasing the Pt loading leads to higher performance of abundant triple-phase boundary areas but increases the electrode cost. Major challenges must be overcome before realizing its wide commercialization. Literature research revealed that it is impossible to achieve performance and durability targets with only high-performance catalysts, so the controllable design of CLs architecture in MEAs for PEMFCs must now be the top priority to meet industry goals. From this perspective, a 3D ordered electrode circumvents this issue with a support-free architecture and ultrathin thickness while reducing noble metal Pt loadings. Herein, we discuss the motivation in-depth and summarize the necessary CLs structural features for designing ultralow Pt loading electrodes. Critical issues that remain in progress for 3D ordered CLs must be studied and characterized. Furthermore, approaches for 3D ordered CLs architecture electrode development, involving material design, structure optimization, preparation technology, and characterization techniques, are summarized and are expected to be next-generation CLs for PEMFCs. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives on possible research directions of CL architecture to address the significant challenges in the future.
文摘In order to explore the structural features of neural networks and the ap-proaches to local interconnection,the geometrical structural information is introduced tothe Hopfield neural network model which is applied to associative memory.The dynamicsof the recalling is studied theoretically and cxpcrimcntally.The rcsults show that the geo-metrical structural information is helpless to the associative memory of monolayeredneural networks,furthermore,it makes the error probability increased.If the geometricalstructural information of the stored patterns is necessary to be introduced,somc new ap-proaches have to be explored.
基金the financial support of the project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11104175)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2011CB610406)+1 种基金the "111 Project" of China (No. B08040)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, China
文摘Spin-polarized first-principle was performed to study the structural stability and the electronic states of Cr doped ZnS with the Cr component of 50% in zincblende （ZB）, wurtzite （W） and rocksalt （RS） structures under pressure. The results show that the zincblende and wurtzite structures become unstable under low pressures of about 4.68 and 9.61 GPa, respectively, but the rocksalt structure can be maintained up to an extremely high pressure of about 32.92 GPa. Both zincblende and wurtzite Zno.sCro.5S display half metallic features under pressure, while rocksalt Zno.sCro.sS exhibits metallic feature. The half metallic features can be ascribed to the stronger interactions between S-3p and Cr-3d states and the metallic feature is due to the higher crystal symmetry of rocksalt Zn0.5Cr0.5S. These results can provide helpful guidance for Cr doped ZnS to be used in spintronic devices.
文摘The 1°×1° distribution map of crustmantle structural ratio R for the lithosphere along the Longitudinal Seismic Belt of China has been compiled using computer based on the results of geophysical prospecting by previous researchers, and the latest results by the present authors. Based on this map, an insight into the structural features of the crustmantle assemblage along the Longitudinal Seismic Belt has been gained, while their relation to seismic activity and the distributions of geothermal flux and intracrustal high conductivitylow velocity layers, as well as their tectonic effect to seismicity have been discussed.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41674085 and 41621091)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 program, Grant nos. 2012CB957703 and 2013CB733301)
文摘To estimate basal water storage beneath the Antarctic ice sheet, it is essential to have data on the three-dimensional characteristics of subglacial lakes. We present a method to estimate the water depth and surface area of Antarctic subglacial lakes from the inversion of hydraulic potential method. Lake Vostok is chosen as a case study because of the diverse and comprehensive measurements that have been obtained over and around the lake. The average depth of Lake Vostok is around 345±4 m. We estimated the surface area of Lake Vostok beneath the ice sheet to be about 13300±594 km^2. The lake consists of two sub-basins separated by a ridge at water depths of about 200–300 m. The surface area of the northern sub-basin is estimated to be about half of that of the southern basin. The maximum depths of the northern and southern sub-basins are estimated to be about 450 and 850 m, respectively. Total water volume is estimated to be about 4658±204 km^3. These estimates are compared with previous estimates obtained from seismic data and inversion of aerogravity data. In general, our estimates are closer to those obtained from the inversion of aerogravity data than those from seismic data, indicating the applicability of our method to the estimation of water depths of other subglacial lakes.
文摘The four nucleotides (bases), A, T (U), G and C in small genomes, virus DNA/RNA, organelle and plastid genomes were also arranged sophisticatedly in the structural features in a single-strand with 1) reverse-complement symmetry of base or base sequences, 2) bias of four bases, 3) multiple fractality of the distribution of each four bases depending on the distance in double logarithmic plot (power spectrum) of L (the distance of a base to the next base) vs. P (L) (the probability of the base-distribution at L), although their genomes were composed of low numbers of the four bases, and the base-symmetry was rather lower than the prokaryotic-and the eukaryotic cells. In the case of the genomic DNA composed of less than 10,000 nt, it was better than to be partitioned at 10 of the L-value, and the structural features for the biologically active genomic DNA were observed as the large genomes. As the results, the base sequences of the genomic DNA including the genomic-RNA might be universal in all genomes. In addition, the relationship between the structural features of the genome and the biological complexity was discussed.
文摘Handwriting recognition is one of the most significant problems in pattern recognition,many studies have been proposed to improve this recognition of handwritten text for different languages.Yet,Fewer studies have been done for the Arabic language and the processing of its texts remains a particularly distinctive problem due to the variability of writing styles and the nature of Arabic scripts compared to other scripts.The present paper suggests a feature extraction technique for offlineArabic handwriting recognition.A handwriting recognition system for Arabic words using a few important structural features and based on a Radial Basis Function(RBF)neural networks is proposed.The methods of feature extraction are central to achieve high recognition performance.The proposed methodology relies on a feature extraction technique based on many structural characteristics extracted from the word skeleton(subwords,diacritics,loops,ascenders,and descenders).In order to reach our purpose,we built our own word database and the proposed system has been successfully tested on a handwriting database of Algerian city names(wilayas).Finally,a simple classifier based on the radial basis function neural network is presented to recognize certain words to verify the reliability of the proposed feature extraction.The experiments on some images of the benchmark IFN/ENIT database show that the proposed system improves recognition and the results obtained are indicative of the efficiency of our technique.
基金Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42330810).
文摘With drilling and seismic data of Transtensional(strike-slip)Fault System in the Ziyang area of the central Sichuan Basin,SW China plane-section integrated structural interpretation,3-D fault framework model building,fault throw analyzing,and balanced profile restoration,it is pointed out that the transtensional fault system in the Ziyang 3-D seismic survey consists of the northeast-trending F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones dominated by extensional deformation,as well as 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults experienced dextral shear deformation.Among them,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones cut through the Neoproterozoic to Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation,presenting a 3-D structure of an“S”-shaped ribbon.And before Permian and during the Early Triassic,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones underwent at least two periods of structural superimposition.Besides,the 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults are composed of small normal faults arranged in pairs,with opposite dip directions and partially left-stepped arrangement.And before Permian,they had formed almost,restricting the eastward growth and propagation of the F_(I)19 fault zone.The F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones communicate multiple sets of source rocks and reservoirs from deep to shallow,and the timing of fault activity matches well with oil and gas generation peaks.If there were favorable Cambrian-Triassic sedimentary facies and reservoirs developing on the local anticlinal belts of both sides of the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones,the major reservoirs in this area are expected to achieve breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration.
文摘The motivation for this article is to propose new damage classifiers based on a supervised learning problem for locating and quantifying damage.A new feature extraction approach using time series analysis is introduced to extract damage-sensitive features from auto-regressive models.This approach sets out to improve current feature extraction techniques in the context of time series modeling.The coefficients and residuals of the AR model obtained from the proposed approach are selected as the main features and are applied to the proposed supervised learning classifiers that are categorized as coefficient-based and residual-based classifiers.These classifiers compute the relative errors in the extracted features between the undamaged and damaged states.Eventually,the abilities of the proposed methods to localize and quantify single and multiple damage scenarios are verified by applying experimental data for a laboratory frame and a four-story steel structure.Comparative analyses are performed to validate the superiority of the proposed methods over some existing techniques.Results show that the proposed classifiers,with the aid of extracted features from the proposed feature extraction approach,are able to locate and quantify damage;however,the residual-based classifiers yield better results than the coefficient-based classifiers.Moreover,these methods are superior to some classical techniques.
基金‘Research on Deep Structural Differences between Potential Oil-rich Depressions in Offshore basins of China Sea’from the scientific and technological project of CNOOC Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,under contract No.CCL2021RCPS0167KQN‘Resource Potential,Accumulation Mechanism and Breakthrough Direction of Potential Oil-rich Depressions in Offshore China Sea’,under contract No.220226220101+1 种基金the Project of China Geological Survey under contract No.DD20191003the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under contract No.ZR2022MD047。
文摘The Kyushu–Palau Ridge(KPR),an anti-S-shaped submarine highland at the center of the Philippine Sea Plate(PSP),is considered the residual arc of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Island Arc,which retains key information about the cessation of the Western Philippine Basin(WPB)expansion and the Parece Vela Basin(PVB)breakup.Herein,using the new generation of satellite altimetry gravity data,high-precision seafloor topography data,and newly acquired ship-borne gravity data,the topographic and gravity characteristics of the KPR mid-southern section and adjacent region are depicted.The distribution characteristics of the faults were delineated using the normalized vertical derivative–total horizontal derivative method(NVDR-THDR)and the minimum curvature potential field separation method.The Moho depth and crustal thickness were inverted using the rapid inversion method for a double-interface model with depth constraints.Based on these results,the crust structure features in the KPR mid-southern section,and the“triangular”structure geological significance where the KPR and Central Basin Rift(CBR)of the WPB intersect are interpreted.The KPR crustal thickness is approximately 6–16 km,with a distinct discontinuity that is slightly thicker than the normal oceanic crust.The KPR mid-southern section crust structure was divided into four segments(S1–S4)from north to south,formed by the CBR eastward extension joint action and clockwise rotation of the PVB expansion axis and the Mindanao fault zone blocking effect.
文摘Tropoje-Has ophiolitic massif of eastern Mirdita(Albania)ophiolitic belt,is a major source for metallurgical chromite ore in Albania.Massif consists of a thick mantle section of SSZ type,8-10 km thick and
文摘This article aims to develop a head pursuit （HP） guidance law for three-dimensional hypervelocity interception, so that the effect of the perturbation induced by seeker detection can be reduced. On the basis of a novel HP three-dimensional guidance model, a nonlinear variable structure guidance law is presented by using Lyapunov stability theory. The guidance law positions the interceptor ahead of the target on its tlight trajectory, and the speed of the interceptor is required to be lower than that of the target, A numerical example of maneuvering ballistic target interception verifies the rightness of the guidance model and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50579007)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No. 200802170010)
文摘The theoretical research on the propulsive principle of aquatic animal becomes more important and attracted more researchers to make efforts on it. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulation of a three-dimensional traveling-wave undulations body of tuna has been developed to investigate the fluid flow features and vorticity structures around this body when moving in a straight line. The undulation only takes place in the posterior half of the fish, and the tuna-tail is considered as a lunate fin oscillating with the mode combined swaying with yawing. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equation is developed, employing a control-volume method and a k-omega SST turbulent model; meanwhile an unstructured tetrahedral grid, which is generated for the three-dimensional geometry, is used based on the deformation of the hind parts of the body and corresponding movement of the tail. We calculated the hydrodynamic performance of tuna-like body when a tuna swims in a uniform velocity, and compared the input power coefficient, output power coefficient and propulsive efficiency of the oscillating tuna-tail with or without body vortex shedding. Additionally, the load distribution on the body, flow features and vorticity structures around the body were demonstrated. The effect of interaction between the body-generated vortices and the tail-generated vorticity on the hydrodynamic performance can be obtained.
基金projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40405007 , 40505009)the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2004CB418302) projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos.KZCX3-SW-225 and 2005r-2-16)
文摘The daily 1°× 1° data of the Aviation （AVN） model, the black body temperature （TBB） data of cloud top, and cloud images by geostationary meteorological satellite （GMS） are used to identify a dew-point front near the periphery of the western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH）. The results clearly demonstrate the existence of the dew-point front, and its thermodynamic and dynamic structural characteristics are analyzed in detail. The dew-point front is a transitional belt between the moist southwest monsoon flow and the dry adiabatic sinking flow near the WPSH, manifested by a large horizontal moisture gradient in the mid-lower troposphere and conjugated with the mei-yu front to form a predominant double-front structure associated with intense rainfall in the mei-yu period. The mei-yu front is located between 30° and 35°N, vertically extends from the ground level to the upper level and shifts northward. The dew-point front is to the south of the mei-yu front and lies up against the periphery of the WPSH. Generally, it is located between 850 hPa and 500 hPa. On the dew-point front side, the southwesterly prevails at the lower level and the northeasterly at the upper level; this wind distribution is different from that on the mei-yu front side. Vertical ascending motion exists between the two fronts, and there are descending motions on the north side of the mei^yu front and on the south side of the dew-point front~ which form a secondary circulation. The dynamics of the double fronts also have some interesting features. At the lower level, positive vertical vorticity and obvious convergence between the two fronts are clearly identified. At the mid-lower level, negative local change of the divergence （corresponding to increasing convergence） is often embedded in the two fronts or against the mei-yu front. Most cloud clusters occur between the two fronts and propagate down stream in a wave-like manner.
基金The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51822407 and 51774327)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province in China(2018JJ1037)Innovation Driven project of Central South University(2020CX014).
文摘Microseismic/acoustic emission(MS/AE)source localization method is crucial for predicting and controlling of potentially dangerous sources of complex structures.However,the locating errors induced by both the irregular structure and pre-measured velocity are poorly understood in existing methods.To meet the high-accuracy locating requirements in complex three-dimensional hole-containing structures,a velocity-free MS/AE source location method is developed in this paper.It avoids manual repetitive training by using equidistant grid points to search the path,which introduces A*search algorithm and uses grid points to accommodate complex structures with irregular holes.It also takes advantage of the velocity-free source location method.To verify the validity of the proposed method,lead-breaking tests were performed on a cubic concrete test specimen with a size of 10 cm10 cm10 cm.It was cut out into a cylindrical empty space with a size of/6cm10 cm.Based on the arrivals,the classical Geiger method and the proposed method are used to locate lead-breaking sources.Results show that the locating error of the proposed method is 1.20 cm,which is less than 2.02 cm of the Geiger method.Hence,the proposed method can effectively locate sources in the complex three-dimensional structure with holes and achieve higher precision requirements.
