BACKGROUND Recently,medical three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)has demonstrated potential benefits for the treatment of cubitus varus deformity(CVD)by improving accuracy of the osteotomy through the use of an ...BACKGROUND Recently,medical three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)has demonstrated potential benefits for the treatment of cubitus varus deformity(CVD)by improving accuracy of the osteotomy through the use of an osteotomy guide,with or without a patient-mated plate.Here,we present an interesting CVD case,involving a patient who was treated with corrective biplanar chevron osteotomy using an innovative customized osteotomy guide and a newly designed patient-matched monoblock crosslink plate created with 3DPT.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female presented with a significant CVD from childhood injury.A computer simulation was processed using images from computerized tomography scans of both upper extremities.The biplanar chevron osteotomy was designed to create identical anatomy between the mirror image of the contralateral distal humerus and the osteotomized distal humerus.Next,the customized osteotomy guide and patient-matched monoblock crosslink plate were designed and printed.A simulation osteotomy was created for the real-sized bone model,and the operation was performed using the posterior paratricipital approach with k-wire positioning from the customized osteotomy guide as a predrilled hole for screw fixation to achieve immediate control of the reduction after osteotomy.Our method allowed for successful treatment of the CVD case,significantly improving the patient’s radiographic and clinical outcomes,with satisfactory result.CONCLUSION 3DPT-created patient-matched osteotomy guide and instrumentation provides accurate control during CVD correction.展开更多
Conventional fabrication methods lack the ability to control both macro- and micro-structures of generated scaffolds. Three-dimensional printing is a solid free-form fabrication method that provides novel ways to crea...Conventional fabrication methods lack the ability to control both macro- and micro-structures of generated scaffolds. Three-dimensional printing is a solid free-form fabrication method that provides novel ways to create customized scaffolds with high precision and accuracy. In this study, an electrically controlled cortical impactor was used to induce randomized brain tissue defects. The overall shape of scaffolds was designed using rat-specific anatomical data obtained from magnetic resonance imaging, and the internal structure was created by computer- aided design. As the result of limitations arising from insufficient resolution of the manufacturing process, we magnified the size of the cavity model prototype five-fold to successfully fabricate customized collagen-chitosan scaffolds using three-dimensional printing. Results demonstrated that scaffolds have three-dimensional porous structures, high porosity, highly specific surface areas, pore connectivity and good internal characteristics. Neural stem cells co-cultured with scaffolds showed good viability, indicating good biocompatibility and biodegradability. This technique may be a promising new strategy for regenerating complex damaged brain tissues, and helps pave the way toward personalized medicine.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology belongs to a new manufacturing science and has been widely used in various fields of industry.This article will apply 3D printing technology as its main research topic,with emp...Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology belongs to a new manufacturing science and has been widely used in various fields of industry.This article will apply 3D printing technology as its main research topic,with emphasis on its application in the field of medical devices and prospects for contribution.展开更多
Three-dimensional printing is a technology that prints the products layer-by-layer,in which materials are deposited according to the digital model designed by computer aided design(CAD)software.This technology has com...Three-dimensional printing is a technology that prints the products layer-by-layer,in which materials are deposited according to the digital model designed by computer aided design(CAD)software.This technology has competitive advantages regarding product design complexity,product personalization,and on-demand manufacturing.The emergence of 3 D technology provides innovative strategies and new ways to develop novel drug delivery systems.This review summarizes the application of 3 D printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field,with an emphasis on the advantages of 3 D printing technologies for achieving rapid drug delivery,personalized drug delivery,compound drug delivery and customized drug delivery.In addition,this article illustrates the limitations and challenges of 3 D printing technologies in the field of pharmaceutical formulation development.展开更多
The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who...The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who underwent surgical stabilization of their anterior pelvic ring (all utilizing the 3D printing technology)by one surgeon at a single hospital were studied.The minimally invasive incisions were made through anterior inferior cilia spine and pubic nodule.Data collected included the operative duration,the blood loss,the damage of the important tissue,the biographic union and therecovery of the function after the operation.Measurements on inlet and outlet pelvic cardiograph were made immediately post-operation and at all follow-up clinic visits.The scores of reduction and function were measured during follow-up.Results showed that the wounds of 30 patients were healed in the first stage,and there was no injury of important structures such as blood vessels and nerves.According to the Matta criteria,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 22 cases and good in 8 cases.According to the functional evaluation criteria of Majeed,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 21 cases and good in 9 cases.It was suggested that the 3D printing technology assisted by minimally invasive surgery can better evaluate the pelvic fracture before operation,which was helpful in plate modeling, and can shorten surgery duration and reduce intraoperative blood loss and complications. The positioning accuracy was improved,and better surgical result was finally achieved.展开更多
This research investigates the behavior of sandwich glued laminated bamboo(Glubam)structures with a core formed by biodegradable plastic fibers,specifically polylactic acid(PLA),fabricated using 3D printing technology...This research investigates the behavior of sandwich glued laminated bamboo(Glubam)structures with a core formed by biodegradable plastic fibers,specifically polylactic acid(PLA),fabricated using 3D printing technology.The influence of various fiber printing orientations(0°and 45/135°)on tensile and compressive properties was investigated.The experimental results indicated that polylactic acid with calcium carbonate(PLA+)printed unidirectionally and aligned with the loading direction(0°)exhibits superior tensile and compressive strengths compared to specimens printed bidirectionally at 45/135°.Furthermore,the effect of additives on bioplastics of carbon fiber(PLA-CF)and glass fiber(PLA-GF)additives in PLA-based composites was evaluated in comparison with PLA+specimens.The finding indicated that PLA+has a higher strength-to-cost ratio compared to PLA-CF and PLA-GF.Therefore,unidirectionally printed PLA+was selected as the core material in two geometries:honeycomb and honeycomb lattice.These cores were sandwiched between Glubam panels on the top and bottom surfaces of the structures.Flexural performance was evaluated through four-point bending tests,which revealed that sandwich structures with a honeycomb core achieved a flexural strength-to-weight ratio 56.51%higher than those with a honeycomb lattice core.A parametric study using the finite element model was conducted to evaluate the effect of core scale,cross-sectional depth,Glubamthickness,core depth,and the number of honeycomb elements.The results showed that reducing the Glubam thickness while increasing the 3D-printed core depth significantly improved the flexural performance of honeycomb sandwich structures.Notably,reduced Glubam panel thickness coupled with increased core depth enhanced their flexural performance.展开更多
From July 14 to 18,the"2025 National Practical Technology Training on Textile Dyeing and Printing Auxiliaries Preparation"hosted by the National Engineering Research Center for Surfactants and China Research...From July 14 to 18,the"2025 National Practical Technology Training on Textile Dyeing and Printing Auxiliaries Preparation"hosted by the National Engineering Research Center for Surfactants and China Research Institute of Daily Chemical,and co-organized by the Dyeing and Finishing Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology was successfully held as scheduled in Guangzhou.展开更多
This paper systematically studies the current practical application status,existing problems and optimization suggestions of 3D printing technology in spacecraft manufacturing.Research shows that this technology has b...This paper systematically studies the current practical application status,existing problems and optimization suggestions of 3D printing technology in spacecraft manufacturing.Research shows that this technology has been successfully applied to the manufacturing of key components such as rocket engines and satellite structures,demonstrating advantages like lightweight and rapid prototyping.However,it still faces core challenges such as material performance,process stability,adaptability to space environments,and industrialization costs.In response to these issues,this paper proposes three optimization suggestions:enhancing manufacturing reliability by developing aerospace-specific materials,optimizing process parameters,and establishing a quality traceability system.Surface modification technology and topological optimization design are adopted to enhance the adaptability to the spatial environment,and a space-ground integrated verification method is constructed.Reduce industrialization costs through the localization of materials,modular production,and the construction of a standardized system.Research has confirmed that implementing these measures can reduce the performance dispersion of 3D-printed aerospace components by more than 50%,increase their in-orbit lifespan by three times,and lower production costs by 30-40%.The research results of this paper provide a systematic technical route and industrialization solution for the large-scale application of 3D printing technology in the aerospace field,which has significant reference value for promoting the innovation of aerospace manufacturing models.展开更多
BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)is one of the primary clinical treatment options for patients with obstructive jaundice.In recent years,PTBD assisted by three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction t...BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)is one of the primary clinical treatment options for patients with obstructive jaundice.In recent years,PTBD assisted by three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology has been widely implemented,but its advantages over traditional methods remains inconclusive.Thus,a discussion is warranted.AIM To explore the safety and efficacy of 3D reconstruction technology-assisted PTBD.METHODS We systematically searched the databases including the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.The search period extended from the establishment of each database to November,2024.We screened the literature according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed the quality of the studies,and extracted data.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4.1 software.RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included,involving 1434 patients.The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the traditional group,the overall post-operative complications rate in the 3D reconstruction technology group was significantly lower[odds ratio=0.25;95%confidence interval(CI):0.17-0.36,P<0.00001].The overall puncture success rate in the 3D reconstruction group was better than those in the traditional group(odds ratio=3.61;95%CI:1.98-6.55,P<0.0001).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduction levels of postoperative total bilirubin(mean difference=-1.38;95%CI:-3.29 to 0.53,P=0.16).Subgroup analysis were conducted on the surgery time according to guidance stages of the 3D reconstruction,3D reconstruction imaging modalities,and types of studies.The results were stable,with no significant changes observed.CONCLUSION 3D reconstruction technology significantly improves the puncture success rate and safety of PTBD.However,it has no significant advantage in bile drainage effectiveness.Continued research is warranted to further explore its clinical value and optimize its application.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the impact of 3D printing technology application on bite force and masticatory efficiency in patients following oral implant dentistry treatment.Methods:A total of 84 patients with single-tooth de...Objective:To analyze the impact of 3D printing technology application on bite force and masticatory efficiency in patients following oral implant dentistry treatment.Methods:A total of 84 patients with single-tooth defects,selected from 100 patients who sought treatment from May 2023 to March 2025 and met the study criteria,were included in this study.The patients were divided into groups using a random number table method.The control group(42 cases)received conventional oral implant treatment,while the observation group(42 cases)underwent oral implant treatment guided by 3D printing technology.Both groups were followed up continuously for 6 months postoperatively.Masticatory efficiency,bite force,implantation accuracy indicators,and the incidence of treatment complications were compared between the two groups before treatment and 6 months after treatment.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications following oral implantation between the two groups(p>0.05).Compared to the control group,the observation group showed increased masticatory efficiency and bite force after oral implant treatment,with statistically significant differences in the deviation values of the implant crown,apical part in the sagittal plane,axial angle,and neck(p<0.05).Conclusion:The application of 3D printing technology in oral implant treatment can effectively reduce implant placement deviations,enhance implantation accuracy,and effectively correct and maintain the oral occlusal force and masticatory function health of patients.展开更多
The technology of three dimensional(3D) printing,also known as additive manufacturing,is a cuttingedge type of fabrication method that utilizes a computer-aided design platform and employs layer-bylayer stacking to co...The technology of three dimensional(3D) printing,also known as additive manufacturing,is a cuttingedge type of fabrication method that utilizes a computer-aided design platform and employs layer-bylayer stacking to construct objects with exceptional flexibility.Due to its capacity to produce a substantial quantity of products within a short period of time,3D printing has emerged as one of the most significant manufacturing technology.Over the past two decades,remarkable advancements have been made in the application of 3D printing technology in the realm of bone tissue engineering.This review presents an innovative and systematic discussion on the potential application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering,particularly in the treatment of infected bone defects.It comprehensively evaluates the materials utilized in 3D printing,highlights the interplay between cells and bone regeneration,and addresses and resolves challenges associated with current 3D printing technology.These challenges include material selection,fabrication of intricate 3D structures,integration of different cell types,streamlining design processes and material selection procedures,enhancing the clinical translational potential of 3D printing technology,and ultimately exploring future applications of four dimensional(4D) printing technology.The 3D printing technology has demonstrated significant potential in the synthesis of bone substitutes,offering consistent mechanical properties and ease of use.It has found extensive applications in personalized implant customization,prosthetic limb manufacturing,surgical tool production,tissue engineering,biological modeling,and cell diagnostics.Simultaneously,3D bioprinting provides an effective solution to address the issue of organ donor shortage.However,challenges still exist in material selection,management of structural complexity,integration of different cell types,and construction of functionally mature tissues.With advancements in multi-material printing techniques as well as bioprinting and 4D printing technologies emerging on the horizon;3D printing holds immense prospects for revolutionizing the means by which infectious bone defects are repaired.展开更多
The core sampling experiments were conducted after hydraulic fracturing in the three-dimensional development zone of Fuling shale gas.Six coring wells of different well types were systematically designed.Based on the ...The core sampling experiments were conducted after hydraulic fracturing in the three-dimensional development zone of Fuling shale gas.Six coring wells of different well types were systematically designed.Based on the integrated engineering technology of post-fracturing drilling,coring and monitoring of shale and the analysis of fracture source tracing,the evaluation of the fracture network after fracturing in the three-dimensional development of shale gas was conducted.The data of core fractures after fracturing indicate that three major types of fractures are formed after fracturing:natural fractures,hydraulic fractures,and fractures induced by external mechanical force,which are further classified into six subcategories:natural structural fractures,natural bedding fractures,hydraulic fractures,hydraulically activated fractures,drilling induced fractures,and fractures induced by core transportation.The forms of the artificial fracture network after fracturing are complex.Hydraulic fractures and hydraulically activated fractures interweave with each other,presenting eight forms of artificial fracture networks,among which the“一”-shaped fracture is the most common,accounting for approximately 70%of the total fractures.When the distance to the fractured wellbore is less than 35 m,the density of the artificial fracture network is relatively high;when it is 35–100 m,the density is lower;and when it is beyond 100 m,the density gradually increases.The results of the fracture tracing in the core sampling area confirm that the current fracturing technology can essentially achieve the differential transformation of the reservoir in the main area of Jiaoshiba block in Fuling.The three-layer three-dimensional development model can efficiently utilize shale gas reserves,although there is still room for improvement in the complexity and propagation uniformity of fractures.It is necessary to further optimize technologies such as close-cutting combined with temporary blocking and deflection within fractures or at fracture mouths,as well as limited flow perforation techniques,to promote the balanced initiation and extension of fractures.展开更多
In order to study the successive deposition and solidification processes of uniform alloy droplets during the drop-on-demand three dimensional（3D） printing method,based on the volume of fluid（VOF） method,a 3D nume...In order to study the successive deposition and solidification processes of uniform alloy droplets during the drop-on-demand three dimensional（3D） printing method,based on the volume of fluid（VOF） method,a 3D numerical model was employed.In this model,the 7075 alloy with larger temperature range for phase change was used.The simulation results show that the successive deposition and solidification processes of uniform 7075 alloy droplets can be well characterized by this model.Simulated droplets shapes agree well with SEM images under the same condition.The effects of deposition and solidification of droplets result in vertical and L-shaped ridges on the surface of droplets,and tips of dendrites appear near the overlap of droplets due to rapid solidification.展开更多
In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently,which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor...In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently,which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor to ensure the invert stability by regulating the external water pressure(EWP). By means of a threedimensional(3D) printing model, this paper experimentally investigates the deformation behavior of the invert for the tunnels with the traditional drainage system(TDS) widely used in China and its optimized drainage system(ODS) with bottom drainage function. Six test groups with a total of 110 test conditions were designed to consider the design factors and environmental factors in engineering practice,including layout of the drainage system, blockage of the drainage system and groundwater level fluctuation. It was found that there are significant differences in the water discharge, EWP and invert stability for the tunnels with the two drainage systems. Even with a dense arrangement of the external blind tubes, TDS was still difficult to eliminate the excessive EWP below the invert, which is the main cause for the invert instability. Blockage of drainage system further increased the invert uplift and aggravated the track irregularity, especially when the blockage degree is more than 50%. However, ODS can prevent these invert anomalies by reasonably controlling the EWP at tunnel bottom. Even when the groundwater level reached 60 m and the blind tubes were fully blocked, the invert stability can still be maintained and the railway track experienced a settlement of only 1.8 mm. Meanwhile, the on-site monitoring under several rainstorms further showed that the average EWP of the invert was controlled within 84 k Pa, while the maximum settlement of the track slab was only 0.92 mm, which also was in good agreement with the results of model test.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D) printing(3DP) is a rapid prototyping technology that has gained increasing recognition in many different fields. Inherent accuracy and low-cost property enable applicability of 3DP in many areas,...Three-dimensional(3D) printing(3DP) is a rapid prototyping technology that has gained increasing recognition in many different fields. Inherent accuracy and low-cost property enable applicability of 3DP in many areas, such as manufacturing, aerospace,medical, and industrial design. Recently, 3DP has gained considerable attention in the medical field. The image data can be quickly turned into physical objects by using 3DP technology. These objects are being used across a variety of surgical specialties. The shortage of cadaver specimens is a major problem in medical education. However, this concern has been solved with the emergence of 3DP model. Custom-made items can be produced by using 3DP technology. This innovation allows 3DP use in preoperative planning and surgical training. Learning is difficult among medical students because of the complex anatomical structures of the liver. Thus, 3D visualization is a useful tool in anatomy teaching and hepatic surgical training. However,conventional models do not capture haptic qualities. 3DP can produce highly accurate and complex physical models. Many types of human or animal differentiated cells can be printed successfully with the development of 3D bio-printing technology. This progress represents a valuable breakthrough that exhibits many potential uses, such as research on drug metabolism or liver disease mechanism. This technology can also be used to solve shortage of organs for transplant in the future.展开更多
3 D printing is a method of rapid prototyping and manufacturing in which materials are deposited onto one another in layers to produce a three-dimensional object. Although 3 D printing was developed in the 1980 s and ...3 D printing is a method of rapid prototyping and manufacturing in which materials are deposited onto one another in layers to produce a three-dimensional object. Although 3 D printing was developed in the 1980 s and the technology has found widespread industrial applications for production from automotive parts to machine tools,its application in pharmaceutical area is still limited. However,the potential of 3 D printing in the pharmaceutical industry is now being recognized. The ability of 3 D printing to produce medications to exact specifications tailored to the needs of individual patients has indicated the possibility of developing personalized medicines. The technology allows dosage forms to be precisely printed in various shapes,sizes and textures that are difficult to produce using traditional techniques. However,there are various challenges associated with the proper application of3 D printing in the pharmaceutical sector which should be overcome to exploit the scope of this technology. In this review,an overview is provided on the various 3 D printing technologies used in fabrication of complex dosage forms along with their feasibility and limitations.展开更多
Three dimensional （3D） printing technology was utilized to fabricate a new type of drug implant with complicated architectures, employing levofloxacin （LVFX） and rifampicine （RFP） as model drugs. The prepared dr...Three dimensional （3D） printing technology was utilized to fabricate a new type of drug implant with complicated architectures, employing levofloxacin （LVFX） and rifampicine （RFP） as model drugs. The prepared drug implant prototype consists of a doublelayer structure, of which the upper region is a reservoir system containing RFP and the lower region is a matrix one containing LVFX. The release test in vivo revealed that LVFX was released in the early stage; no RFP was detected until 8th day; both of them continuously released more than 6 weeks. Therefore, 3D printing technology provides a precise and feasible method to fabricate a controlled-releasing drug implant with complicated architectures and this drug implant may present a new strategy for the prophylaxis and treatment of bone diseases such as combined bone infections and bone tuberculosis in the near future.展开更多
The increasing demand for geometrically complex structures—specifically, higher-inlet-temperature turbine blades for the fifth-generation or other high-generation machines of advanced fighter aircrafts—hasmade the d...The increasing demand for geometrically complex structures—specifically, higher-inlet-temperature turbine blades for the fifth-generation or other high-generation machines of advanced fighter aircrafts—hasmade the development of more complex double-walled three-layer hollow-cavity structures a necessity.However, this requires the preparation of complex ceramic cores and advanced, integrated technologies.Stereolithographic three-dimensional printing (SLA-3DP) technology, with digital control upon materialmorphology, composition, and structure, is a high integration and versatile technique that is superior tothe traditional manufacturing techniques for ceramic cores, including gel casting, injection molding, andhot pressing. The latent capacity of this technique is contingent on the progress of processing routesthat significantly reduce the distortion and defect formation in response to the elimination of the reactedorganic monomer phase during photo-curing. Despite the tremendous progress in the field, multiple challenges remain, such as the preparation of high-solid-content and low-viscosity suspensions, SLA-3DP oflarge double-walled ceramic cores with complex structures, and process optimization and sinter strengthening for the fabrication of ceramic cores. These challenges have prevented the broader applications andreduced the impact of the SLA-3DP technology. This review discusses cutting-edge research on the crucialfactors governing this production method. Specifically, we outline the existing challenges within the fieldand provide our perspective on the upcoming research work and progress.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the increasing complexity of surgical interventions performed in orthopaedic trauma surgery and the improving technologies used in threedimensional(3D)printing,there has been an increased interest in t...BACKGROUND With the increasing complexity of surgical interventions performed in orthopaedic trauma surgery and the improving technologies used in threedimensional(3D)printing,there has been an increased interest in the concept.It has been shown that 3D models allow surgeons to better visualise anatomy,aid in planning and performing complex surgery.It is however not clear how best to utilise the technique and whether this results in better outcomes.AIM To evaluate the effect of 3D printing used in pre-operative planning in orthopaedic trauma surgery on clinical outcomes.METHODS We performed a comprehensive systematic review of the literature and a metaanalysis.Medline,Ovid and Embase were searched from inception to February 8,2018.Randomised controlled trials,case-control studies,cohort studies and case series of five patients or more were included across any area of orthopaedic trauma.The primary outcomes were operation time,intra-operative blood loss and fluoroscopy used.RESULTS Seventeen studies(922 patients)met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed.The use of 3D printing across all specialties in orthopaedic trauma surgery demonstrated an overall reduction in operation time of 19.85%[95%confidence intervals(CI):(-22.99,-16.71)],intra-operative blood loss of 25.73%[95%CI:(-31.07,-20.40)],and number of times fluoroscopy was used by 23.80%[95%CI:(-38.49,-9.10)].CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the use of 3D printing in pre-operative planning in orthopaedic trauma reduces operative time,intraoperative blood loss and the number of times fluoroscopy is used.展开更多
This study is aimed to explore the clinical application of the guiding template designed by three-dimensional printing data for the insertion of sacroiliac screws.A retrospective study of 7 cases (from July 2016 to De...This study is aimed to explore the clinical application of the guiding template designed by three-dimensional printing data for the insertion of sacroiliac screws.A retrospective study of 7 cases (from July 2016 to December 2016),in which the guiding template printed by the three-dimensional printing technique was used for the insertion of sacroiliac screws of patients with posterior ring injuries of pelvis,was performed.Totally,4 males and 3 females were included in template group,aged from 38to 65years old (mean 50.86±8.90).Of them,5 had sacral fractures (3 with Denis type Ⅰ and 2 with type Ⅱ)and 2 the separation of sacroiliac joint.Guiding templates were firstly made by the three-dimensional printing technique based on the pre-operative CT data. Surgical operations for the stabilization of pelvic ring by applying the guiding templates were carried out.A group of 8 patients with sacroiliac injuries treated by percutaneous sacroiliac screws were analyzed as a control group retrospectively.The time of each screw insertion,volume of intra-operative blood loss,and the exposure to X ray were analyzed and the Matta's radiological criteria were used to evaluate the reduction quality.The Majeed score was used to evaluate postoperative living quality.The visual analogue scale (VAS)was applied at different time points to judge pain relief of coccydynia.All the 7 patients in the template group were closely followed up radiographically and clinically for 14 to 20 months,mean (16.57±2.44)months.Totally 9 sacroiliac screws for the S 1 and S2 vertebra were inserted in the 7 patients.The time length for each screw insertion ranged from 450 to 870 s,mean (690.56±135.68)s,and the number of times of exposure to X ray were 4 to 8,mean (5.78±1.20).The intra-operative blood loss ranged from 45to 120 mL,mean (75±23.32)mL.According to Matta's radiology criteria,the fracture and dislocation reduction were excellent in 6cases and good in 1.The pre-operative VAS score ranged from 5.2 to 8.1,mean (7.13±1.00).The average one-week/six-month post-operative VAS was (5.33±0.78)and (1.33±0.66),respectively (P<0.05 when compared with pre-operative VAS).The 12-month post-operative Majeed score ranged from 86 to 92,mean (90.29±2.21).The three-dimensional printed guiding template for sacroiliac screw insertion,which could significantly shorten the operation time,provide a satisfied outcome of the stabilization of the pelvic ring,and protect doctors and patients from X-ray exposure,might be a practical and valuable new clinical technique.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Recently,medical three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)has demonstrated potential benefits for the treatment of cubitus varus deformity(CVD)by improving accuracy of the osteotomy through the use of an osteotomy guide,with or without a patient-mated plate.Here,we present an interesting CVD case,involving a patient who was treated with corrective biplanar chevron osteotomy using an innovative customized osteotomy guide and a newly designed patient-matched monoblock crosslink plate created with 3DPT.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female presented with a significant CVD from childhood injury.A computer simulation was processed using images from computerized tomography scans of both upper extremities.The biplanar chevron osteotomy was designed to create identical anatomy between the mirror image of the contralateral distal humerus and the osteotomized distal humerus.Next,the customized osteotomy guide and patient-matched monoblock crosslink plate were designed and printed.A simulation osteotomy was created for the real-sized bone model,and the operation was performed using the posterior paratricipital approach with k-wire positioning from the customized osteotomy guide as a predrilled hole for screw fixation to achieve immediate control of the reduction after osteotomy.Our method allowed for successful treatment of the CVD case,significantly improving the patient’s radiographic and clinical outcomes,with satisfactory result.CONCLUSION 3DPT-created patient-matched osteotomy guide and instrumentation provides accurate control during CVD correction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81301050,81401067,81271392,81471275,81541034the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City of China,No.14JCQNJC10200,15JCQNJC11100,16JCYBJC27600
文摘Conventional fabrication methods lack the ability to control both macro- and micro-structures of generated scaffolds. Three-dimensional printing is a solid free-form fabrication method that provides novel ways to create customized scaffolds with high precision and accuracy. In this study, an electrically controlled cortical impactor was used to induce randomized brain tissue defects. The overall shape of scaffolds was designed using rat-specific anatomical data obtained from magnetic resonance imaging, and the internal structure was created by computer- aided design. As the result of limitations arising from insufficient resolution of the manufacturing process, we magnified the size of the cavity model prototype five-fold to successfully fabricate customized collagen-chitosan scaffolds using three-dimensional printing. Results demonstrated that scaffolds have three-dimensional porous structures, high porosity, highly specific surface areas, pore connectivity and good internal characteristics. Neural stem cells co-cultured with scaffolds showed good viability, indicating good biocompatibility and biodegradability. This technique may be a promising new strategy for regenerating complex damaged brain tissues, and helps pave the way toward personalized medicine.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology belongs to a new manufacturing science and has been widely used in various fields of industry.This article will apply 3D printing technology as its main research topic,with emphasis on its application in the field of medical devices and prospects for contribution.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project which belongs to“The research on the key technology of 3D printing techniques in the field of pharmaceutical preparation”(No.2017ZX09201-003-011,China)supported by the China Pharmaceutical Association-Yiling Biomedical Innovation Project(China)financial and instrumental support from Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.(Zhejiang,China)
文摘Three-dimensional printing is a technology that prints the products layer-by-layer,in which materials are deposited according to the digital model designed by computer aided design(CAD)software.This technology has competitive advantages regarding product design complexity,product personalization,and on-demand manufacturing.The emergence of 3 D technology provides innovative strategies and new ways to develop novel drug delivery systems.This review summarizes the application of 3 D printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field,with an emphasis on the advantages of 3 D printing technologies for achieving rapid drug delivery,personalized drug delivery,compound drug delivery and customized drug delivery.In addition,this article illustrates the limitations and challenges of 3 D printing technologies in the field of pharmaceutical formulation development.
文摘The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who underwent surgical stabilization of their anterior pelvic ring (all utilizing the 3D printing technology)by one surgeon at a single hospital were studied.The minimally invasive incisions were made through anterior inferior cilia spine and pubic nodule.Data collected included the operative duration,the blood loss,the damage of the important tissue,the biographic union and therecovery of the function after the operation.Measurements on inlet and outlet pelvic cardiograph were made immediately post-operation and at all follow-up clinic visits.The scores of reduction and function were measured during follow-up.Results showed that the wounds of 30 patients were healed in the first stage,and there was no injury of important structures such as blood vessels and nerves.According to the Matta criteria,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 22 cases and good in 8 cases.According to the functional evaluation criteria of Majeed,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 21 cases and good in 9 cases.It was suggested that the 3D printing technology assisted by minimally invasive surgery can better evaluate the pelvic fracture before operation,which was helpful in plate modeling, and can shorten surgery duration and reduce intraoperative blood loss and complications. The positioning accuracy was improved,and better surgical result was finally achieved.
基金provided by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI)through the Basic Research Fund,Fiscal Year 2026,for the project“Numerical Modeling and Structural Analysis of Composite Sections Built-up from Local Timber inThailand”.
文摘This research investigates the behavior of sandwich glued laminated bamboo(Glubam)structures with a core formed by biodegradable plastic fibers,specifically polylactic acid(PLA),fabricated using 3D printing technology.The influence of various fiber printing orientations(0°and 45/135°)on tensile and compressive properties was investigated.The experimental results indicated that polylactic acid with calcium carbonate(PLA+)printed unidirectionally and aligned with the loading direction(0°)exhibits superior tensile and compressive strengths compared to specimens printed bidirectionally at 45/135°.Furthermore,the effect of additives on bioplastics of carbon fiber(PLA-CF)and glass fiber(PLA-GF)additives in PLA-based composites was evaluated in comparison with PLA+specimens.The finding indicated that PLA+has a higher strength-to-cost ratio compared to PLA-CF and PLA-GF.Therefore,unidirectionally printed PLA+was selected as the core material in two geometries:honeycomb and honeycomb lattice.These cores were sandwiched between Glubam panels on the top and bottom surfaces of the structures.Flexural performance was evaluated through four-point bending tests,which revealed that sandwich structures with a honeycomb core achieved a flexural strength-to-weight ratio 56.51%higher than those with a honeycomb lattice core.A parametric study using the finite element model was conducted to evaluate the effect of core scale,cross-sectional depth,Glubamthickness,core depth,and the number of honeycomb elements.The results showed that reducing the Glubam thickness while increasing the 3D-printed core depth significantly improved the flexural performance of honeycomb sandwich structures.Notably,reduced Glubam panel thickness coupled with increased core depth enhanced their flexural performance.
文摘From July 14 to 18,the"2025 National Practical Technology Training on Textile Dyeing and Printing Auxiliaries Preparation"hosted by the National Engineering Research Center for Surfactants and China Research Institute of Daily Chemical,and co-organized by the Dyeing and Finishing Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology was successfully held as scheduled in Guangzhou.
文摘This paper systematically studies the current practical application status,existing problems and optimization suggestions of 3D printing technology in spacecraft manufacturing.Research shows that this technology has been successfully applied to the manufacturing of key components such as rocket engines and satellite structures,demonstrating advantages like lightweight and rapid prototyping.However,it still faces core challenges such as material performance,process stability,adaptability to space environments,and industrialization costs.In response to these issues,this paper proposes three optimization suggestions:enhancing manufacturing reliability by developing aerospace-specific materials,optimizing process parameters,and establishing a quality traceability system.Surface modification technology and topological optimization design are adopted to enhance the adaptability to the spatial environment,and a space-ground integrated verification method is constructed.Reduce industrialization costs through the localization of materials,modular production,and the construction of a standardized system.Research has confirmed that implementing these measures can reduce the performance dispersion of 3D-printed aerospace components by more than 50%,increase their in-orbit lifespan by three times,and lower production costs by 30-40%.The research results of this paper provide a systematic technical route and industrialization solution for the large-scale application of 3D printing technology in the aerospace field,which has significant reference value for promoting the innovation of aerospace manufacturing models.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2022J011442.
文摘BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)is one of the primary clinical treatment options for patients with obstructive jaundice.In recent years,PTBD assisted by three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology has been widely implemented,but its advantages over traditional methods remains inconclusive.Thus,a discussion is warranted.AIM To explore the safety and efficacy of 3D reconstruction technology-assisted PTBD.METHODS We systematically searched the databases including the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.The search period extended from the establishment of each database to November,2024.We screened the literature according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed the quality of the studies,and extracted data.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4.1 software.RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included,involving 1434 patients.The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the traditional group,the overall post-operative complications rate in the 3D reconstruction technology group was significantly lower[odds ratio=0.25;95%confidence interval(CI):0.17-0.36,P<0.00001].The overall puncture success rate in the 3D reconstruction group was better than those in the traditional group(odds ratio=3.61;95%CI:1.98-6.55,P<0.0001).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduction levels of postoperative total bilirubin(mean difference=-1.38;95%CI:-3.29 to 0.53,P=0.16).Subgroup analysis were conducted on the surgery time according to guidance stages of the 3D reconstruction,3D reconstruction imaging modalities,and types of studies.The results were stable,with no significant changes observed.CONCLUSION 3D reconstruction technology significantly improves the puncture success rate and safety of PTBD.However,it has no significant advantage in bile drainage effectiveness.Continued research is warranted to further explore its clinical value and optimize its application.
文摘Objective:To analyze the impact of 3D printing technology application on bite force and masticatory efficiency in patients following oral implant dentistry treatment.Methods:A total of 84 patients with single-tooth defects,selected from 100 patients who sought treatment from May 2023 to March 2025 and met the study criteria,were included in this study.The patients were divided into groups using a random number table method.The control group(42 cases)received conventional oral implant treatment,while the observation group(42 cases)underwent oral implant treatment guided by 3D printing technology.Both groups were followed up continuously for 6 months postoperatively.Masticatory efficiency,bite force,implantation accuracy indicators,and the incidence of treatment complications were compared between the two groups before treatment and 6 months after treatment.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications following oral implantation between the two groups(p>0.05).Compared to the control group,the observation group showed increased masticatory efficiency and bite force after oral implant treatment,with statistically significant differences in the deviation values of the implant crown,apical part in the sagittal plane,axial angle,and neck(p<0.05).Conclusion:The application of 3D printing technology in oral implant treatment can effectively reduce implant placement deviations,enhance implantation accuracy,and effectively correct and maintain the oral occlusal force and masticatory function health of patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(Nos.82202726,82370929)the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.Z20192013)+5 种基金Key research and development project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department(No.2023YFG0219)"Zeroto One" Innovation Research Project of Sichuan University(No.2022SCUH0014)Frontiers Medical Center,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation(No.TFJC2023010001)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022NSFSC0002)Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2022JDTD0021)Research and Develop Program,West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(Nos.RD03202302,RCDWJS2024-1)。
文摘The technology of three dimensional(3D) printing,also known as additive manufacturing,is a cuttingedge type of fabrication method that utilizes a computer-aided design platform and employs layer-bylayer stacking to construct objects with exceptional flexibility.Due to its capacity to produce a substantial quantity of products within a short period of time,3D printing has emerged as one of the most significant manufacturing technology.Over the past two decades,remarkable advancements have been made in the application of 3D printing technology in the realm of bone tissue engineering.This review presents an innovative and systematic discussion on the potential application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering,particularly in the treatment of infected bone defects.It comprehensively evaluates the materials utilized in 3D printing,highlights the interplay between cells and bone regeneration,and addresses and resolves challenges associated with current 3D printing technology.These challenges include material selection,fabrication of intricate 3D structures,integration of different cell types,streamlining design processes and material selection procedures,enhancing the clinical translational potential of 3D printing technology,and ultimately exploring future applications of four dimensional(4D) printing technology.The 3D printing technology has demonstrated significant potential in the synthesis of bone substitutes,offering consistent mechanical properties and ease of use.It has found extensive applications in personalized implant customization,prosthetic limb manufacturing,surgical tool production,tissue engineering,biological modeling,and cell diagnostics.Simultaneously,3D bioprinting provides an effective solution to address the issue of organ donor shortage.However,challenges still exist in material selection,management of structural complexity,integration of different cell types,and construction of functionally mature tissues.With advancements in multi-material printing techniques as well as bioprinting and 4D printing technologies emerging on the horizon;3D printing holds immense prospects for revolutionizing the means by which infectious bone defects are repaired.
文摘The core sampling experiments were conducted after hydraulic fracturing in the three-dimensional development zone of Fuling shale gas.Six coring wells of different well types were systematically designed.Based on the integrated engineering technology of post-fracturing drilling,coring and monitoring of shale and the analysis of fracture source tracing,the evaluation of the fracture network after fracturing in the three-dimensional development of shale gas was conducted.The data of core fractures after fracturing indicate that three major types of fractures are formed after fracturing:natural fractures,hydraulic fractures,and fractures induced by external mechanical force,which are further classified into six subcategories:natural structural fractures,natural bedding fractures,hydraulic fractures,hydraulically activated fractures,drilling induced fractures,and fractures induced by core transportation.The forms of the artificial fracture network after fracturing are complex.Hydraulic fractures and hydraulically activated fractures interweave with each other,presenting eight forms of artificial fracture networks,among which the“一”-shaped fracture is the most common,accounting for approximately 70%of the total fractures.When the distance to the fractured wellbore is less than 35 m,the density of the artificial fracture network is relatively high;when it is 35–100 m,the density is lower;and when it is beyond 100 m,the density gradually increases.The results of the fracture tracing in the core sampling area confirm that the current fracturing technology can essentially achieve the differential transformation of the reservoir in the main area of Jiaoshiba block in Fuling.The three-layer three-dimensional development model can efficiently utilize shale gas reserves,although there is still room for improvement in the complexity and propagation uniformity of fractures.It is necessary to further optimize technologies such as close-cutting combined with temporary blocking and deflection within fractures or at fracture mouths,as well as limited flow perforation techniques,to promote the balanced initiation and extension of fractures.
基金Projects (51005186,51221001) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (85-TZ-2013) supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU),ChinaProject (20126102110022) supported by the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China
文摘In order to study the successive deposition and solidification processes of uniform alloy droplets during the drop-on-demand three dimensional（3D） printing method,based on the volume of fluid（VOF） method,a 3D numerical model was employed.In this model,the 7075 alloy with larger temperature range for phase change was used.The simulation results show that the successive deposition and solidification processes of uniform 7075 alloy droplets can be well characterized by this model.Simulated droplets shapes agree well with SEM images under the same condition.The effects of deposition and solidification of droplets result in vertical and L-shaped ridges on the surface of droplets,and tips of dendrites appear near the overlap of droplets due to rapid solidification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1934211)the Open Foundation of National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology (Grant No. HSR202005)Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department (Grant No.20B596)。
文摘In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently,which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor to ensure the invert stability by regulating the external water pressure(EWP). By means of a threedimensional(3D) printing model, this paper experimentally investigates the deformation behavior of the invert for the tunnels with the traditional drainage system(TDS) widely used in China and its optimized drainage system(ODS) with bottom drainage function. Six test groups with a total of 110 test conditions were designed to consider the design factors and environmental factors in engineering practice,including layout of the drainage system, blockage of the drainage system and groundwater level fluctuation. It was found that there are significant differences in the water discharge, EWP and invert stability for the tunnels with the two drainage systems. Even with a dense arrangement of the external blind tubes, TDS was still difficult to eliminate the excessive EWP below the invert, which is the main cause for the invert instability. Blockage of drainage system further increased the invert uplift and aggravated the track irregularity, especially when the blockage degree is more than 50%. However, ODS can prevent these invert anomalies by reasonably controlling the EWP at tunnel bottom. Even when the groundwater level reached 60 m and the blind tubes were fully blocked, the invert stability can still be maintained and the railway track experienced a settlement of only 1.8 mm. Meanwhile, the on-site monitoring under several rainstorms further showed that the average EWP of the invert was controlled within 84 k Pa, while the maximum settlement of the track slab was only 0.92 mm, which also was in good agreement with the results of model test.
基金supported by a grant from the National HighTech Research and Development Projects (Grant No. 2015AA020303)
文摘Three-dimensional(3D) printing(3DP) is a rapid prototyping technology that has gained increasing recognition in many different fields. Inherent accuracy and low-cost property enable applicability of 3DP in many areas, such as manufacturing, aerospace,medical, and industrial design. Recently, 3DP has gained considerable attention in the medical field. The image data can be quickly turned into physical objects by using 3DP technology. These objects are being used across a variety of surgical specialties. The shortage of cadaver specimens is a major problem in medical education. However, this concern has been solved with the emergence of 3DP model. Custom-made items can be produced by using 3DP technology. This innovation allows 3DP use in preoperative planning and surgical training. Learning is difficult among medical students because of the complex anatomical structures of the liver. Thus, 3D visualization is a useful tool in anatomy teaching and hepatic surgical training. However,conventional models do not capture haptic qualities. 3DP can produce highly accurate and complex physical models. Many types of human or animal differentiated cells can be printed successfully with the development of 3D bio-printing technology. This progress represents a valuable breakthrough that exhibits many potential uses, such as research on drug metabolism or liver disease mechanism. This technology can also be used to solve shortage of organs for transplant in the future.
基金supported by Keimyung University Research Grant of 2017
文摘3 D printing is a method of rapid prototyping and manufacturing in which materials are deposited onto one another in layers to produce a three-dimensional object. Although 3 D printing was developed in the 1980 s and the technology has found widespread industrial applications for production from automotive parts to machine tools,its application in pharmaceutical area is still limited. However,the potential of 3 D printing in the pharmaceutical industry is now being recognized. The ability of 3 D printing to produce medications to exact specifications tailored to the needs of individual patients has indicated the possibility of developing personalized medicines. The technology allows dosage forms to be precisely printed in various shapes,sizes and textures that are difficult to produce using traditional techniques. However,there are various challenges associated with the proper application of3 D printing in the pharmaceutical sector which should be overcome to exploit the scope of this technology. In this review,an overview is provided on the various 3 D printing technologies used in fabrication of complex dosage forms along with their feasibility and limitations.
基金Funded by the Graduate Innovation Fund of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, the "863" Key Project of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA02A124)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from the Ministry of Education of China( NCET-05-0647)
文摘Three dimensional （3D） printing technology was utilized to fabricate a new type of drug implant with complicated architectures, employing levofloxacin （LVFX） and rifampicine （RFP） as model drugs. The prepared drug implant prototype consists of a doublelayer structure, of which the upper region is a reservoir system containing RFP and the lower region is a matrix one containing LVFX. The release test in vivo revealed that LVFX was released in the early stage; no RFP was detected until 8th day; both of them continuously released more than 6 weeks. Therefore, 3D printing technology provides a precise and feasible method to fabricate a controlled-releasing drug implant with complicated architectures and this drug implant may present a new strategy for the prophylaxis and treatment of bone diseases such as combined bone infections and bone tuberculosis in the near future.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2018YFB1106600)National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2017-VI-0002–0072 and No.Y2019-VII-0011-0151).
文摘The increasing demand for geometrically complex structures—specifically, higher-inlet-temperature turbine blades for the fifth-generation or other high-generation machines of advanced fighter aircrafts—hasmade the development of more complex double-walled three-layer hollow-cavity structures a necessity.However, this requires the preparation of complex ceramic cores and advanced, integrated technologies.Stereolithographic three-dimensional printing (SLA-3DP) technology, with digital control upon materialmorphology, composition, and structure, is a high integration and versatile technique that is superior tothe traditional manufacturing techniques for ceramic cores, including gel casting, injection molding, andhot pressing. The latent capacity of this technique is contingent on the progress of processing routesthat significantly reduce the distortion and defect formation in response to the elimination of the reactedorganic monomer phase during photo-curing. Despite the tremendous progress in the field, multiple challenges remain, such as the preparation of high-solid-content and low-viscosity suspensions, SLA-3DP oflarge double-walled ceramic cores with complex structures, and process optimization and sinter strengthening for the fabrication of ceramic cores. These challenges have prevented the broader applications andreduced the impact of the SLA-3DP technology. This review discusses cutting-edge research on the crucialfactors governing this production method. Specifically, we outline the existing challenges within the fieldand provide our perspective on the upcoming research work and progress.
文摘BACKGROUND With the increasing complexity of surgical interventions performed in orthopaedic trauma surgery and the improving technologies used in threedimensional(3D)printing,there has been an increased interest in the concept.It has been shown that 3D models allow surgeons to better visualise anatomy,aid in planning and performing complex surgery.It is however not clear how best to utilise the technique and whether this results in better outcomes.AIM To evaluate the effect of 3D printing used in pre-operative planning in orthopaedic trauma surgery on clinical outcomes.METHODS We performed a comprehensive systematic review of the literature and a metaanalysis.Medline,Ovid and Embase were searched from inception to February 8,2018.Randomised controlled trials,case-control studies,cohort studies and case series of five patients or more were included across any area of orthopaedic trauma.The primary outcomes were operation time,intra-operative blood loss and fluoroscopy used.RESULTS Seventeen studies(922 patients)met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed.The use of 3D printing across all specialties in orthopaedic trauma surgery demonstrated an overall reduction in operation time of 19.85%[95%confidence intervals(CI):(-22.99,-16.71)],intra-operative blood loss of 25.73%[95%CI:(-31.07,-20.40)],and number of times fluoroscopy was used by 23.80%[95%CI:(-38.49,-9.10)].CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the use of 3D printing in pre-operative planning in orthopaedic trauma reduces operative time,intraoperative blood loss and the number of times fluoroscopy is used.
文摘This study is aimed to explore the clinical application of the guiding template designed by three-dimensional printing data for the insertion of sacroiliac screws.A retrospective study of 7 cases (from July 2016 to December 2016),in which the guiding template printed by the three-dimensional printing technique was used for the insertion of sacroiliac screws of patients with posterior ring injuries of pelvis,was performed.Totally,4 males and 3 females were included in template group,aged from 38to 65years old (mean 50.86±8.90).Of them,5 had sacral fractures (3 with Denis type Ⅰ and 2 with type Ⅱ)and 2 the separation of sacroiliac joint.Guiding templates were firstly made by the three-dimensional printing technique based on the pre-operative CT data. Surgical operations for the stabilization of pelvic ring by applying the guiding templates were carried out.A group of 8 patients with sacroiliac injuries treated by percutaneous sacroiliac screws were analyzed as a control group retrospectively.The time of each screw insertion,volume of intra-operative blood loss,and the exposure to X ray were analyzed and the Matta's radiological criteria were used to evaluate the reduction quality.The Majeed score was used to evaluate postoperative living quality.The visual analogue scale (VAS)was applied at different time points to judge pain relief of coccydynia.All the 7 patients in the template group were closely followed up radiographically and clinically for 14 to 20 months,mean (16.57±2.44)months.Totally 9 sacroiliac screws for the S 1 and S2 vertebra were inserted in the 7 patients.The time length for each screw insertion ranged from 450 to 870 s,mean (690.56±135.68)s,and the number of times of exposure to X ray were 4 to 8,mean (5.78±1.20).The intra-operative blood loss ranged from 45to 120 mL,mean (75±23.32)mL.According to Matta's radiology criteria,the fracture and dislocation reduction were excellent in 6cases and good in 1.The pre-operative VAS score ranged from 5.2 to 8.1,mean (7.13±1.00).The average one-week/six-month post-operative VAS was (5.33±0.78)and (1.33±0.66),respectively (P<0.05 when compared with pre-operative VAS).The 12-month post-operative Majeed score ranged from 86 to 92,mean (90.29±2.21).The three-dimensional printed guiding template for sacroiliac screw insertion,which could significantly shorten the operation time,provide a satisfied outcome of the stabilization of the pelvic ring,and protect doctors and patients from X-ray exposure,might be a practical and valuable new clinical technique.
