The Pulang （普朗） porphyry copper deposit, located in the southern segment of the Yidun-Zhongdian （义敦-中甸） island arc ore-forming belt of the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming domain, is a recently discovered large c...The Pulang （普朗） porphyry copper deposit, located in the southern segment of the Yidun-Zhongdian （义敦-中甸） island arc ore-forming belt of the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming domain, is a recently discovered large copper deposit. Compared with the composition of granodiorite in China, the porphyry rocks in this area are enriched in W, Mo, Cu, Au, As, Sb, F, V, and Na2O （K1≥1.2）. Compared with the composition of fresh porphyry rocks in this district, the mineralized rocks are enriched in Cu, Au, Ag, Mo, Pb, Zn, W, As, Sb, and K2O （K2≥1.2）. Some elements show clear anomalies, such as Zn, Ag, Cu, Au, W, and Mo, and can be regarded as pathfinders for prospecting new ore bodies in depth. It has been inferred from factor analysis that the Pulang porphyry copper deposit may have undergone the multiple stages of alteration and mineralization： （a） Cu-Au mineralization; （b） W-Mo mineralization; and （c） silicification and potassic metasomatism in the whole ore-forming process. A detailed zonation sequence of indicator elements is obtained using the variability index of indicator elements as follows： Zn→Ag→Cu→Au→W→Mo. According to this zonation, an index such as （Ag＊Zn）D/（Mo×W）D can be constructed and regarded as a significant criterion for predicting the Cu potential at a particular depth.展开更多
AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed...AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed to directly investigate the effects of fat loading on primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D perfused culture system. Oil Red O staining was used to measure fat loading in the hepatocytes and the consumption of free fatty acids(FFA) from culture medium was monitored. Hepatic functions, gene expression profiles and adipokine release were compared for cells cultured in fat and lean conditions. To determine if fat loading in the system could be modulated hepatocytes were treated with known anti-steatotic compounds. RESULTS Hepatocytes cultured in fat medium were found to accumulate three times more fat than lean cells and fat uptake was continuous over a 14-d culture. Fat loading of hepatocytes did not cause any hepatotoxicity and significantly increased albumin production. Numerous adipokines were expressed by fatty cells and genes associated with NAFLD and liver disease were upregulated including: Insulin-like growth factorbinding protein 1, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and CYP7A1. The metabolic activity of hepatocytes cultured in fatty conditions was found to be impaired and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were significantlyreduced, similar to observations made in NAFLD patients. The utility of the model for drug screening was demonstrated by measuring the effects of known antisteatotic compounds. Hepatocytes, cultured under fatty conditions and treated with metformin, had a reduced cellular fat content compared to untreated controls and consumed less FFA from cell culture medium.CONCLUSION The 3D in vitro NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)in China is 0.52%-2.45%.Most primary lung cancer cases have reported two lesions or three in rare cases.We report a rare case of bilateral simultaneous mul...BACKGROUND The incidence of multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)in China is 0.52%-2.45%.Most primary lung cancer cases have reported two lesions or three in rare cases.We report a rare case of bilateral simultaneous multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma of four different genotypes.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on June 29,2021,and upon physical examination,four multiple pulmonary nodules were identified in both lungs.Further computed tomography(CT)images revealed the presence of ground glass nodules,predicted to be high-risk cancer lesions by artificial intelligence.With the guidance of three-dimensional reconstruction of preo-perative CT images,the nodules were resected under thoracoscopy.Postoperative pathological investigation revealed that the nodule types were adenocarcinoma in situ,invasive alveolar adenocarcinoma,and microinvasive adenocarcinoma.The excised nodules were further sequenced using high-throughput sequencing(semiconductor sequencing method)of 26 lung cancer genes to confirm that the four lesions were not homologous.The patient was discharged on postoperative day 8,that is,on July 15,2021.One month later,she returned to the hospital for followup and reexamination.Chest CT examination showed that she had re-covered well,and no obvious exudation and effusion were found in both pleural cavities.Evaluation of postoperative pulmonary function showed that her forced vital capacity was 1.40 L(preoperative value,2.27 L)and forced expiratory volume was 1.24 L(preoperative value,2.23 L).CONCLUSION The surgical plan for multiple pulmonary nodules should be carefully considered.For carefully selected patients with concurrently occurring multiple lung nodules in both lungs,sublobectomy is a safe and feasible plan for concurrent bilateral resection of the lesions.Genetic sequencing is necessary for MPLC diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No 2006AA06Z113)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40772197)
文摘The Pulang （普朗） porphyry copper deposit, located in the southern segment of the Yidun-Zhongdian （义敦-中甸） island arc ore-forming belt of the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming domain, is a recently discovered large copper deposit. Compared with the composition of granodiorite in China, the porphyry rocks in this area are enriched in W, Mo, Cu, Au, As, Sb, F, V, and Na2O （K1≥1.2）. Compared with the composition of fresh porphyry rocks in this district, the mineralized rocks are enriched in Cu, Au, Ag, Mo, Pb, Zn, W, As, Sb, and K2O （K2≥1.2）. Some elements show clear anomalies, such as Zn, Ag, Cu, Au, W, and Mo, and can be regarded as pathfinders for prospecting new ore bodies in depth. It has been inferred from factor analysis that the Pulang porphyry copper deposit may have undergone the multiple stages of alteration and mineralization： （a） Cu-Au mineralization; （b） W-Mo mineralization; and （c） silicification and potassic metasomatism in the whole ore-forming process. A detailed zonation sequence of indicator elements is obtained using the variability index of indicator elements as follows： Zn→Ag→Cu→Au→W→Mo. According to this zonation, an index such as （Ag＊Zn）D/（Mo×W）D can be constructed and regarded as a significant criterion for predicting the Cu potential at a particular depth.
基金Supported by Innovate UK(Technology Strategy Board)Advancing the Development and Application of Non-Animal Technologies Project:3D cell culture model for studying NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD)-Ref:131720
文摘AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed to directly investigate the effects of fat loading on primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D perfused culture system. Oil Red O staining was used to measure fat loading in the hepatocytes and the consumption of free fatty acids(FFA) from culture medium was monitored. Hepatic functions, gene expression profiles and adipokine release were compared for cells cultured in fat and lean conditions. To determine if fat loading in the system could be modulated hepatocytes were treated with known anti-steatotic compounds. RESULTS Hepatocytes cultured in fat medium were found to accumulate three times more fat than lean cells and fat uptake was continuous over a 14-d culture. Fat loading of hepatocytes did not cause any hepatotoxicity and significantly increased albumin production. Numerous adipokines were expressed by fatty cells and genes associated with NAFLD and liver disease were upregulated including: Insulin-like growth factorbinding protein 1, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and CYP7A1. The metabolic activity of hepatocytes cultured in fatty conditions was found to be impaired and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were significantlyreduced, similar to observations made in NAFLD patients. The utility of the model for drug screening was demonstrated by measuring the effects of known antisteatotic compounds. Hepatocytes, cultured under fatty conditions and treated with metformin, had a reduced cellular fat content compared to untreated controls and consumed less FFA from cell culture medium.CONCLUSION The 3D in vitro NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860379 and No.82160410。
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)in China is 0.52%-2.45%.Most primary lung cancer cases have reported two lesions or three in rare cases.We report a rare case of bilateral simultaneous multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma of four different genotypes.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on June 29,2021,and upon physical examination,four multiple pulmonary nodules were identified in both lungs.Further computed tomography(CT)images revealed the presence of ground glass nodules,predicted to be high-risk cancer lesions by artificial intelligence.With the guidance of three-dimensional reconstruction of preo-perative CT images,the nodules were resected under thoracoscopy.Postoperative pathological investigation revealed that the nodule types were adenocarcinoma in situ,invasive alveolar adenocarcinoma,and microinvasive adenocarcinoma.The excised nodules were further sequenced using high-throughput sequencing(semiconductor sequencing method)of 26 lung cancer genes to confirm that the four lesions were not homologous.The patient was discharged on postoperative day 8,that is,on July 15,2021.One month later,she returned to the hospital for followup and reexamination.Chest CT examination showed that she had re-covered well,and no obvious exudation and effusion were found in both pleural cavities.Evaluation of postoperative pulmonary function showed that her forced vital capacity was 1.40 L(preoperative value,2.27 L)and forced expiratory volume was 1.24 L(preoperative value,2.23 L).CONCLUSION The surgical plan for multiple pulmonary nodules should be carefully considered.For carefully selected patients with concurrently occurring multiple lung nodules in both lungs,sublobectomy is a safe and feasible plan for concurrent bilateral resection of the lesions.Genetic sequencing is necessary for MPLC diagnosis and treatment.
