Ferrimagnetic materials exhibiting remanence can be used to achieve unidirectional electromagnetic-field propagation in the form of magnetoplasmons(MPs)in the subwavelength regime.This study investigates the MP proper...Ferrimagnetic materials exhibiting remanence can be used to achieve unidirectional electromagnetic-field propagation in the form of magnetoplasmons(MPs)in the subwavelength regime.This study investigates the MP properties and various guiding modes in a hollow cylindrical waveguide made of materials that exhibit remanence.Pattern analysis and numerical simulations are used to demonstrate that dispersion relationships and electromagnetic-field distribution are strongly affected by the operating frequency and physical dimensions of the structure.In addition,the existence of two different guiding modes is proved,namely regular and surface-wave modes.By adjusting the operating frequency and reducing the diameter of the hollow cylinder,the regular mode can be suppressed so as to only retain the surface-wave mode,which enables unidirectional MP propagation in the cylindrical waveguide.Moreover,the unidirectional surface-wave mode is robust to backscattering due to surface roughness and defects,which makes it very useful for application in field-enhancement devices.展开更多
Diffractive optical neural networks(DONNs)have exhibited the advantages of parallelization,high speed,and low consumption.However,the existing DONNs based on free-space diffractive optical elements are bulky and unste...Diffractive optical neural networks(DONNs)have exhibited the advantages of parallelization,high speed,and low consumption.However,the existing DONNs based on free-space diffractive optical elements are bulky and unsteady.In this study,we propose a planar-waveguide integrated diffractive neural network chip architecture.The three diffractive layers are engraved on the same side of a quartz wafer.The three-layer chip is designed with 32-mm3 processing space and enables a computing speed of 3.1×109 Tera operations per second.The results show that the proposed chip achieves 73.4%experimental accuracy for the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database while showing the system’s robustness in a cycle test.The consistency of experiments is 88.6%,and the arithmetic mean standard deviation of the results is~4.7%.The proposed chip architecture can potentially revolutionize high-resolution optical processing tasks with high robustness.展开更多
Integrating the magneto-optical effect into a waveguide-based photonic device becomes more and more interesting.In the work,the planar optical waveguide firstly was prepared in a terbium gallium garnet crystal(TGG)via...Integrating the magneto-optical effect into a waveguide-based photonic device becomes more and more interesting.In the work,the planar optical waveguide firstly was prepared in a terbium gallium garnet crystal(TGG)via the proton implantation with the energy of 4×10^(-1)MeV and the fluence of 6×10^(8)ions/μm^(2).Subsequently,a femtosecond laser with a central wavelength of 800 nm and a power of 3 mW was used to ablate the surface of the planar waveguide,forming the ridge optical waveguide.The dark-mode curve of the planar waveguide was measured by a prism coupling technique.The top-view morphology of the ridge waveguide was observed via a Nikon microscope.The mode field distributions of the planar and ridge waveguides were obtained by an end-face coupling system,and the propagation losses of the two waveguides were measured to be 2.26 dB/cm and 2.58 dB/cm,respectively.The Verdet constants were measured to be-72.7°/T·cm for the TGG substrate and-60.7°/T·cm for the ridge waveguide.The TGG waveguides have a potential in the fabrication of magneto-optical waveguide devices.展开更多
Optical waveguides in silica-on-silicon are one of the key elements in optical communications.The processes of deep etching silica waveguides using resist and metal masks in RIE plasma are investigated.The etching res...Optical waveguides in silica-on-silicon are one of the key elements in optical communications.The processes of deep etching silica waveguides using resist and metal masks in RIE plasma are investigated.The etching responses,including etching rate and selectivity as functions of variation of parameters,are modeled with a 3D neural network.A novel resist/metal combined mask that can overcome the single-layer masks’ limitations is developed for enhancing the waveguides deep etching and low-loss optical waveguides are fabricated at last.展开更多
Based on attenuated total reflection （ATR） and thermo-optic effect, the polymeric thin film planar optical waveguide is used as the temperature sensor, and the factors influencing the sensitivity of the temperature ...Based on attenuated total reflection （ATR） and thermo-optic effect, the polymeric thin film planar optical waveguide is used as the temperature sensor, and the factors influencing the sensitivity of the temperature sensor are comprehensively analyzed. Combined with theoretical analysis and experimental investigation, the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is related to the thicknesses of the upper cladding layer, the waveguide layer, the optical loss of the polymer material and the guided wave modes. The results show that the slope value about reflectivity and temperature, which stands for the sensitivity of the polymer thin film temperature sensor, is associated with the waveguide film thickness and the guided wave modes, and the slope value is the highest in the zero reflectance of a certain transverse electric （TE） mode. To improve the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, the sensor＇s working incident light exterior angle α should be chosen under a certain TE mode with the reflectivity to be zero. This temperature sensor is characterized by high sensitivity and simple structure and it is easily fabricated.展开更多
A semiconductor optical amplifier and electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated with a spotsize converter input and output is fabricated by means of selective area growth,quantum well intermixing,and asymm...A semiconductor optical amplifier and electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated with a spotsize converter input and output is fabricated by means of selective area growth,quantum well intermixing,and asymmetric twin waveguide technology. A 1550-1600nm lossless operation with a high DC extinction ratio of 25dB and more than 10GHz 3dB bandwidth are successfully achieved. The output beam divergence angles of the device in the horizontal and vertical directions are as small as 7.3°× 18.0°, respectively, resulting in a 3.0dB coupling loss with a cleaved single-mode optical fiber.展开更多
The self imaging effect in graded index waveguides using annealed proton exchange (APE) technique in lithium niobate (LiNbO 3) waveguides is analyzed and simulated using the three dimensional nonparaxial beam pro...The self imaging effect in graded index waveguides using annealed proton exchange (APE) technique in lithium niobate (LiNbO 3) waveguides is analyzed and simulated using the three dimensional nonparaxial beam propagation method (BPM).On this basis,a 1×8 multimode interference (MMI) optical power splitter by APE technique in X cut LiNibO 3 with Y propagation substrate is fabricated.Measurements show that the device has realized eight powers splittings.展开更多
A sensitive optical waveguide（OWG） sensor which can be used to detect volatile organic compounds（VOCs） was presented.The sensing device（element） was fabricated by means of the immobilization of polyvinyl pyrroli...A sensitive optical waveguide（OWG） sensor which can be used to detect volatile organic compounds（VOCs） was presented.The sensing device（element） was fabricated by means of the immobilization of polyvinyl pyrrolidone（PVP）-cyclodextrin（CD） composite film over a single-mode potassium ion exchanged glass OWG via spin-coating method.The sensor shows higher response to styrene gas than to other VOCs and displays a linear response to styrene gas in a range of 1―1000 μL/L.展开更多
This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor(BioMFOS)as an ultrasensitive tool for force(intensity and location)and orientation sensing.The sensor structure is bioinspir...This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor(BioMFOS)as an ultrasensitive tool for force(intensity and location)and orientation sensing.The sensor structure is bioinspired in orb webs,which are multifunctional devices for prey capturing and vibration transmission.The multifunctional feature of the structure is achieved by using transparent resins that present both mechanical and optical properties for structural integrity and strain/deflection transmission as well as the optical signal transmission properties with core/cladding configuration of a waveguide.In this case,photocurable and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)resins are used for the core and cladding,respectively.The optical transmission,tensile tests,and dynamic mechanical analysis are performed in the resins and show the possibility of light transmission at the visible wavelength range in conjunction with high flexibility and a dynamic range up to 150 Hz,suitable for wearable applications.The BioMFOS has small dimensions(around 2 cm)and lightweight(0.8 g),making it suitable for wearable application and clothing integration.Characterization tests are performed in the structure by means of applying forces at different locations of the structure.The results show an ultra-high sensitivity and resolution,where forces in theμN range can be detected and the location of the applied force can also be detected with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution.Then,the BioMFOS is tested on the orientation detection in 3D plane,where a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 is obtained when compared with a gold-standard inertial measurement unit(IMU).Furthermore,the device also shows its capabilities on the movement analysis and classification in two protocols:finger position detection(with the BioMFOS positioned on the top of the hand)and trunk orientation assessment(with the sensor integrated on the clothing).In both cases,the sensor is able of classifying the movement,especially when analyzed in conjunction with preprocessing and clustering techniques.As another wearable application,the respiratory rate is successfully estimated with the BioMFOS integrated into the clothing.Thus,the proposed multifunctional device opens new avenues for novel bioinspired photonic devices and can be used in many applications of biomedical,biomechanics,and micro/nanotechnology.展开更多
Optical waveguides are far more than mere connecting elements in integrated optical systems and circuits.Benefiting from their high optical confinement and miniaturized footprints,waveguide structures established base...Optical waveguides are far more than mere connecting elements in integrated optical systems and circuits.Benefiting from their high optical confinement and miniaturized footprints,waveguide structures established based on crystalline materials,particularly,are opening exciting possibilities and opportunities in photonic chips by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits.Femtosecond-laser-direct writing(FsLDW),as a true three-dimensional(3D)micromachining and microfabrication technology,allows rapid prototyping of on-demand waveguide geometries inside transparent materials via localized material modification.The success of FsLDW lies not only in its unsurpassed aptitude for realizing 3D devices but also in its remarkable material-independence that enables cross-platform solutions.This review emphasizes FsLDW fabrication of waveguide structures with 3D layouts in dielectric crystals.Their functionalities as passive and active photonic devices are also demonstrated and discussed.展开更多
By adjusting the waveguide length ratio, we study the extraordinary characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagating in one-dimensional(1D) parity-time-symmetric(PT-symmetric) two-segment-connected triangular opti...By adjusting the waveguide length ratio, we study the extraordinary characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagating in one-dimensional(1D) parity-time-symmetric(PT-symmetric) two-segment-connected triangular optical waveguide networks with perfect and broken integer waveguide length ratios respectively. It is found that the number and the corresponding frequencies of the extremum spontaneous PT-symmetric breaking points are dependent on the waveguide length ratio. Near the extremum breaking points, ultrastrong extraordinary transmissions are created and the maximal can arrive at, respectively, 2.4079 × 10^14 and 4.3555 × 10^13 in both kinds of networks. However, bidirectional invisibility can only be produced by the networks with broken integer waveguide length ratio, whose mechanism is explained in detail from the perspective of photonic band structure. The findings of this work can be useful optical characteristic control in the fabrication of PT-symmetric optical waveguide networks, which possesses great potential in designing optical amplifiers,optical energy saver devices, and special optical filters.展开更多
Micro-nano-level photonic waveguide regulation is essential for future on-chip photonic integrated systems and is still of great challenges.We report a molecular design strategy,changing the position of the methyl sub...Micro-nano-level photonic waveguide regulation is essential for future on-chip photonic integrated systems and is still of great challenges.We report a molecular design strategy,changing the position of the methyl substituent makes the arrangement of the three isomer molecules different in their respective crystals.Based on this strategy,three sheet-like crystals with different polygonal morphologies were prepared via solution self-assembly approach.The in-depth optical measurements demonstrated that these three microsheet crystals have different 2D optical waveguide performances related to the shapes.Our work provides a feasible design strategy and material preparation method for realizing precise 2D optical waveguide modulation,which lays the foundation for complex photonic integrated systems in the future.展开更多
In this paper, we proposed 10 Gb/s transmission using 4-channel polymer waveguides on the optical electronic printed circuit board. It was simulated by the ray tracing method for tolerance study of optical interconnec...In this paper, we proposed 10 Gb/s transmission using 4-channel polymer waveguides on the optical electronic printed circuit board. It was simulated by the ray tracing method for tolerance study of optical interconnection and fabrication. In order for easy fabrication and high position accuracy, the polymer waveguides were forming silver coated 45° reflective mirrors by dicing method and e-beam deposition for 90° light beam turning. The coupling loss was demonstrated in different polishing grit sizes. The optical interconnection in board-embed 4-channel flexible waveguides was demonstrated with a low propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm and a clear eye diagram at 2.5 Gb/s data rate per channel.展开更多
The alignment coupling between optical waveguide chips and optical fiber arrays is the basis of the alignment coupling of planar optical waveguide devices, and the precise position detection with angle and spacing adj...The alignment coupling between optical waveguide chips and optical fiber arrays is the basis of the alignment coupling of planar optical waveguide devices, and the precise position detection with angle and spacing adjustments is one of the key steps of alignment coupling. A methodology for position detection, and angle and spacing adjustment was proposed for optical waveguide chips and optical fiber arrays based on machine vision. The experimental results show angle detection precision levels higher than 0.05°, line detection precision levels higher than 0.1 μm, and detection time less than 2 s. Therefore, the system developed herein meets the precise requirements necessary for position detection, and angle and spacing adjustments for optical waveguide chips and optical fiber arrays.展开更多
In order to reduce transmission loss of the optical waveguide in Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) electro-optical (EO) polymer modulator,the basic iterative formula of semi-vector finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) ...In order to reduce transmission loss of the optical waveguide in Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) electro-optical (EO) polymer modulator,the basic iterative formula of semi-vector finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is obtained from the scalar wave equation. The transition waveguide is combined with S-type bend branch waveguide for the M-Z EO modulator in the branch waveguide. The effects of structure parameters such as ridge width,length of the branch waveguide and interferometer spacing on the transmission loss are systematically studied by using the semi-vector FD-BPM method. The structure is optimized as an S-sine bend branch waveguide,with rib width w=7μm,length of branch waveguide L=1200μm and interferometer spacing G=22 μm. The results show that the optimized structure can reduce transmission loss to 0.083 dB,which have a certain reference value to the design of optical waveguide in M-Z polymer modulator.展开更多
Calculation shown that the refraction index of Ge_0.6Si_0.4/Sistrained-layer superlattice n≈3.64, when L_w=9 nm and L_b=24 nm. Analgorithm of numerical iteration for effective refraction index isemployed to obtain di...Calculation shown that the refraction index of Ge_0.6Si_0.4/Sistrained-layer superlattice n≈3.64, when L_w=9 nm and L_b=24 nm. Analgorithm of numerical iteration for effective refraction index isemployed to obtain different effective refraction indexes atdifferent thickness (L). As a result, the thickness ofGe_0.6Si_0.4/Si strained-layer superlattice optical waveguide, L≤363nm, can be determined, which is very important for designingwaveguide devices. An optical waveguide can be made into a nanometerdevice by using Ge_0.6 Si_0.4/Si strained-layer superlattice.展开更多
We show that giant asymmetric transmission and optical rotation for linear polarizations can be achieved by a chiral three-dimensional metamaterial composed of L-shaped and C-shaped metallic particles. Numerical calcu...We show that giant asymmetric transmission and optical rotation for linear polarizations can be achieved by a chiral three-dimensional metamaterial composed of L-shaped and C-shaped metallic particles. Numerical calcu- lations on the electric field distributions indicate that the coupling between the electric dipolar and quadrupolar resonances in the L- and C-shaped metallic particles contributes to these effects.展开更多
In this paper,a new type of optically controllable silicon slab loaded E-plane millimeterwave rectangular waveguide switch is presented.It uses SELFOC lens to couple optical puls-es to silicon slab with optical fiber....In this paper,a new type of optically controllable silicon slab loaded E-plane millimeterwave rectangular waveguide switch is presented.It uses SELFOC lens to couple optical puls-es to silicon slab with optical fiber.The on/off ratio reaches 42dB,the front fringe of suchkind swith is less than 0.05μs,and the insertion loss is less than 1dB in the full band of 26.5GHz to 40GHz.展开更多
This paper derives the dispersion relation of microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides （CROWs） without any approximation by using the transfer matrix method. Based on the established dispersion relation of CRO...This paper derives the dispersion relation of microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides （CROWs） without any approximation by using the transfer matrix method. Based on the established dispersion relation of CROWs it obtains the slow group velocity and dispersion coefficient. It finds that the effect Of dispersion on optical pulses can be adjusted to balance the effect of nonlinearity by changing coupling coefficient or loss, so optical soliton with group delay can be obtained in microring CROWs. The optical soliton with group delay is of great significance for applications of microring CROWs in delay lines and optical buffers of future all-optical communication systems.展开更多
A simple solution for a multilayer metallic optical waveguide by transforming it intoan equivalent three-layer slab waveguide is presented. The dispersion relation of the equivalentthree-layer slab waveguide is solved...A simple solution for a multilayer metallic optical waveguide by transforming it intoan equivalent three-layer slab waveguide is presented. The dispersion relation of the equivalentthree-layer slab waveguide is solved by using a simple iterative formula. This method itself isexact and can approach any accuracy desired. Moreover, the numerical results for four-layer andfive-layer structures show that the second-order solution is also accurate enough. It is simple andhas the same form of expressions for TE and TM modes and for different layer structures.展开更多
文摘Ferrimagnetic materials exhibiting remanence can be used to achieve unidirectional electromagnetic-field propagation in the form of magnetoplasmons(MPs)in the subwavelength regime.This study investigates the MP properties and various guiding modes in a hollow cylindrical waveguide made of materials that exhibit remanence.Pattern analysis and numerical simulations are used to demonstrate that dispersion relationships and electromagnetic-field distribution are strongly affected by the operating frequency and physical dimensions of the structure.In addition,the existence of two different guiding modes is proved,namely regular and surface-wave modes.By adjusting the operating frequency and reducing the diameter of the hollow cylinder,the regular mode can be suppressed so as to only retain the surface-wave mode,which enables unidirectional MP propagation in the cylindrical waveguide.Moreover,the unidirectional surface-wave mode is robust to backscattering due to surface roughness and defects,which makes it very useful for application in field-enhancement devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62175050 and U2341245)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HIT.OCEF.2024054).
文摘Diffractive optical neural networks(DONNs)have exhibited the advantages of parallelization,high speed,and low consumption.However,the existing DONNs based on free-space diffractive optical elements are bulky and unsteady.In this study,we propose a planar-waveguide integrated diffractive neural network chip architecture.The three diffractive layers are engraved on the same side of a quartz wafer.The three-layer chip is designed with 32-mm3 processing space and enables a computing speed of 3.1×109 Tera operations per second.The results show that the proposed chip achieves 73.4%experimental accuracy for the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database while showing the system’s robustness in a cycle test.The consistency of experiments is 88.6%,and the arithmetic mean standard deviation of the results is~4.7%.The proposed chip architecture can potentially revolutionize high-resolution optical processing tasks with high robustness.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Research and Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYCX241133)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11405041)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province,China(Grant No.20223BBE51020)the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Rare Earths(Chinese Academy of Sciences).
文摘Integrating the magneto-optical effect into a waveguide-based photonic device becomes more and more interesting.In the work,the planar optical waveguide firstly was prepared in a terbium gallium garnet crystal(TGG)via the proton implantation with the energy of 4×10^(-1)MeV and the fluence of 6×10^(8)ions/μm^(2).Subsequently,a femtosecond laser with a central wavelength of 800 nm and a power of 3 mW was used to ablate the surface of the planar waveguide,forming the ridge optical waveguide.The dark-mode curve of the planar waveguide was measured by a prism coupling technique.The top-view morphology of the ridge waveguide was observed via a Nikon microscope.The mode field distributions of the planar and ridge waveguides were obtained by an end-face coupling system,and the propagation losses of the two waveguides were measured to be 2.26 dB/cm and 2.58 dB/cm,respectively.The Verdet constants were measured to be-72.7°/T·cm for the TGG substrate and-60.7°/T·cm for the ridge waveguide.The TGG waveguides have a potential in the fabrication of magneto-optical waveguide devices.
文摘Optical waveguides in silica-on-silicon are one of the key elements in optical communications.The processes of deep etching silica waveguides using resist and metal masks in RIE plasma are investigated.The etching responses,including etching rate and selectivity as functions of variation of parameters,are modeled with a 3D neural network.A novel resist/metal combined mask that can overcome the single-layer masks’ limitations is developed for enhancing the waveguides deep etching and low-loss optical waveguides are fabricated at last.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60977038)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20110092110016)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2011CB302004)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology of Ministry of Education of China(No.201204)
文摘Based on attenuated total reflection （ATR） and thermo-optic effect, the polymeric thin film planar optical waveguide is used as the temperature sensor, and the factors influencing the sensitivity of the temperature sensor are comprehensively analyzed. Combined with theoretical analysis and experimental investigation, the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is related to the thicknesses of the upper cladding layer, the waveguide layer, the optical loss of the polymer material and the guided wave modes. The results show that the slope value about reflectivity and temperature, which stands for the sensitivity of the polymer thin film temperature sensor, is associated with the waveguide film thickness and the guided wave modes, and the slope value is the highest in the zero reflectance of a certain transverse electric （TE） mode. To improve the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, the sensor＇s working incident light exterior angle α should be chosen under a certain TE mode with the reflectivity to be zero. This temperature sensor is characterized by high sensitivity and simple structure and it is easily fabricated.
文摘A semiconductor optical amplifier and electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated with a spotsize converter input and output is fabricated by means of selective area growth,quantum well intermixing,and asymmetric twin waveguide technology. A 1550-1600nm lossless operation with a high DC extinction ratio of 25dB and more than 10GHz 3dB bandwidth are successfully achieved. The output beam divergence angles of the device in the horizontal and vertical directions are as small as 7.3°× 18.0°, respectively, resulting in a 3.0dB coupling loss with a cleaved single-mode optical fiber.
文摘The self imaging effect in graded index waveguides using annealed proton exchange (APE) technique in lithium niobate (LiNbO 3) waveguides is analyzed and simulated using the three dimensional nonparaxial beam propagation method (BPM).On this basis,a 1×8 multimode interference (MMI) optical power splitter by APE technique in X cut LiNibO 3 with Y propagation substrate is fabricated.Measurements show that the device has realized eight powers splittings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20965008)
文摘A sensitive optical waveguide（OWG） sensor which can be used to detect volatile organic compounds（VOCs） was presented.The sensing device（element） was fabricated by means of the immobilization of polyvinyl pyrrolidone（PVP）-cyclodextrin（CD） composite film over a single-mode potassium ion exchanged glass OWG via spin-coating method.The sensor shows higher response to styrene gas than to other VOCs and displays a linear response to styrene gas in a range of 1―1000 μL/L.
基金FAPES(320/2020 and 84336650)CNPq(304049/2019-0 and 427054/2018-4)+2 种基金Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(FCT)through the DigiAqua project-PTDC/EEIEEE/0415/2021.C.FCT through the CEECIND/00034/2018(iFish project)developed within the scope of the project i3N,UIDB/50025/2020&UIDP/50025/2020financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC.
文摘This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor(BioMFOS)as an ultrasensitive tool for force(intensity and location)and orientation sensing.The sensor structure is bioinspired in orb webs,which are multifunctional devices for prey capturing and vibration transmission.The multifunctional feature of the structure is achieved by using transparent resins that present both mechanical and optical properties for structural integrity and strain/deflection transmission as well as the optical signal transmission properties with core/cladding configuration of a waveguide.In this case,photocurable and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)resins are used for the core and cladding,respectively.The optical transmission,tensile tests,and dynamic mechanical analysis are performed in the resins and show the possibility of light transmission at the visible wavelength range in conjunction with high flexibility and a dynamic range up to 150 Hz,suitable for wearable applications.The BioMFOS has small dimensions(around 2 cm)and lightweight(0.8 g),making it suitable for wearable application and clothing integration.Characterization tests are performed in the structure by means of applying forces at different locations of the structure.The results show an ultra-high sensitivity and resolution,where forces in theμN range can be detected and the location of the applied force can also be detected with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution.Then,the BioMFOS is tested on the orientation detection in 3D plane,where a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 is obtained when compared with a gold-standard inertial measurement unit(IMU).Furthermore,the device also shows its capabilities on the movement analysis and classification in two protocols:finger position detection(with the BioMFOS positioned on the top of the hand)and trunk orientation assessment(with the sensor integrated on the clothing).In both cases,the sensor is able of classifying the movement,especially when analyzed in conjunction with preprocessing and clustering techniques.As another wearable application,the respiratory rate is successfully estimated with the BioMFOS integrated into the clothing.Thus,the proposed multifunctional device opens new avenues for novel bioinspired photonic devices and can be used in many applications of biomedical,biomechanics,and micro/nanotechnology.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61775120).
文摘Optical waveguides are far more than mere connecting elements in integrated optical systems and circuits.Benefiting from their high optical confinement and miniaturized footprints,waveguide structures established based on crystalline materials,particularly,are opening exciting possibilities and opportunities in photonic chips by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits.Femtosecond-laser-direct writing(FsLDW),as a true three-dimensional(3D)micromachining and microfabrication technology,allows rapid prototyping of on-demand waveguide geometries inside transparent materials via localized material modification.The success of FsLDW lies not only in its unsurpassed aptitude for realizing 3D devices but also in its remarkable material-independence that enables cross-platform solutions.This review emphasizes FsLDW fabrication of waveguide structures with 3D layouts in dielectric crystals.Their functionalities as passive and active photonic devices are also demonstrated and discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674107,61475049,11775083,61875057,61774062,and 61771205)Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’ Scientific and Techonlogical Innovation,China(Grant No.pdjhb0139)
文摘By adjusting the waveguide length ratio, we study the extraordinary characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagating in one-dimensional(1D) parity-time-symmetric(PT-symmetric) two-segment-connected triangular optical waveguide networks with perfect and broken integer waveguide length ratios respectively. It is found that the number and the corresponding frequencies of the extremum spontaneous PT-symmetric breaking points are dependent on the waveguide length ratio. Near the extremum breaking points, ultrastrong extraordinary transmissions are created and the maximal can arrive at, respectively, 2.4079 × 10^14 and 4.3555 × 10^13 in both kinds of networks. However, bidirectional invisibility can only be produced by the networks with broken integer waveguide length ratio, whose mechanism is explained in detail from the perspective of photonic band structure. The findings of this work can be useful optical characteristic control in the fabrication of PT-symmetric optical waveguide networks, which possesses great potential in designing optical amplifiers,optical energy saver devices, and special optical filters.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21971185,52173177)this project is also funded by the Collaborative Innovation center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology(CIC-Nano)by the"111"Project of the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China。
文摘Micro-nano-level photonic waveguide regulation is essential for future on-chip photonic integrated systems and is still of great challenges.We report a molecular design strategy,changing the position of the methyl substituent makes the arrangement of the three isomer molecules different in their respective crystals.Based on this strategy,three sheet-like crystals with different polygonal morphologies were prepared via solution self-assembly approach.The in-depth optical measurements demonstrated that these three microsheet crystals have different 2D optical waveguide performances related to the shapes.Our work provides a feasible design strategy and material preparation method for realizing precise 2D optical waveguide modulation,which lays the foundation for complex photonic integrated systems in the future.
文摘In this paper, we proposed 10 Gb/s transmission using 4-channel polymer waveguides on the optical electronic printed circuit board. It was simulated by the ray tracing method for tolerance study of optical interconnection and fabrication. In order for easy fabrication and high position accuracy, the polymer waveguides were forming silver coated 45° reflective mirrors by dicing method and e-beam deposition for 90° light beam turning. The coupling loss was demonstrated in different polishing grit sizes. The optical interconnection in board-embed 4-channel flexible waveguides was demonstrated with a low propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm and a clear eye diagram at 2.5 Gb/s data rate per channel.
基金Projects(51475479,51075402)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012AA040406)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China+2 种基金Project(20110162130004)supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(14JJ2010)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(GZKF-201401)supported by the Open Project of Stage Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control(Zhejiang University),China
文摘The alignment coupling between optical waveguide chips and optical fiber arrays is the basis of the alignment coupling of planar optical waveguide devices, and the precise position detection with angle and spacing adjustments is one of the key steps of alignment coupling. A methodology for position detection, and angle and spacing adjustment was proposed for optical waveguide chips and optical fiber arrays based on machine vision. The experimental results show angle detection precision levels higher than 0.05°, line detection precision levels higher than 0.1 μm, and detection time less than 2 s. Therefore, the system developed herein meets the precise requirements necessary for position detection, and angle and spacing adjustments for optical waveguide chips and optical fiber arrays.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2009AA03Z413)
文摘In order to reduce transmission loss of the optical waveguide in Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) electro-optical (EO) polymer modulator,the basic iterative formula of semi-vector finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is obtained from the scalar wave equation. The transition waveguide is combined with S-type bend branch waveguide for the M-Z EO modulator in the branch waveguide. The effects of structure parameters such as ridge width,length of the branch waveguide and interferometer spacing on the transmission loss are systematically studied by using the semi-vector FD-BPM method. The structure is optimized as an S-sine bend branch waveguide,with rib width w=7μm,length of branch waveguide L=1200μm and interferometer spacing G=22 μm. The results show that the optimized structure can reduce transmission loss to 0.083 dB,which have a certain reference value to the design of optical waveguide in M-Z polymer modulator.
文摘Calculation shown that the refraction index of Ge_0.6Si_0.4/Sistrained-layer superlattice n≈3.64, when L_w=9 nm and L_b=24 nm. Analgorithm of numerical iteration for effective refraction index isemployed to obtain different effective refraction indexes atdifferent thickness (L). As a result, the thickness ofGe_0.6Si_0.4/Si strained-layer superlattice optical waveguide, L≤363nm, can be determined, which is very important for designingwaveguide devices. An optical waveguide can be made into a nanometerdevice by using Ge_0.6 Si_0.4/Si strained-layer superlattice.
基金Supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Anhui Province under Grant No 1403062027the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos KJ2014A195 and 1308085MA13the Undergraduate Scientific and Technological Innovation Project under Grant Nos AH201310371022,2013jyxml36,2013ZYJS04 and FS201310371082
文摘We show that giant asymmetric transmission and optical rotation for linear polarizations can be achieved by a chiral three-dimensional metamaterial composed of L-shaped and C-shaped metallic particles. Numerical calcu- lations on the electric field distributions indicate that the coupling between the electric dipolar and quadrupolar resonances in the L- and C-shaped metallic particles contributes to these effects.
文摘In this paper,a new type of optically controllable silicon slab loaded E-plane millimeterwave rectangular waveguide switch is presented.It uses SELFOC lens to couple optical puls-es to silicon slab with optical fiber.The on/off ratio reaches 42dB,the front fringe of suchkind swith is less than 0.05μs,and the insertion loss is less than 1dB in the full band of 26.5GHz to 40GHz.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 60272075 and 60478014)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No 2007AA12Z112)partially supported by the program of excellent team in Harbin Institute of Technology,China
文摘This paper derives the dispersion relation of microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides （CROWs） without any approximation by using the transfer matrix method. Based on the established dispersion relation of CROWs it obtains the slow group velocity and dispersion coefficient. It finds that the effect Of dispersion on optical pulses can be adjusted to balance the effect of nonlinearity by changing coupling coefficient or loss, so optical soliton with group delay can be obtained in microring CROWs. The optical soliton with group delay is of great significance for applications of microring CROWs in delay lines and optical buffers of future all-optical communication systems.
文摘A simple solution for a multilayer metallic optical waveguide by transforming it intoan equivalent three-layer slab waveguide is presented. The dispersion relation of the equivalentthree-layer slab waveguide is solved by using a simple iterative formula. This method itself isexact and can approach any accuracy desired. Moreover, the numerical results for four-layer andfive-layer structures show that the second-order solution is also accurate enough. It is simple andhas the same form of expressions for TE and TM modes and for different layer structures.
