Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional(3D) dehiscence of upper anterior alveolar bone during incisor retraction and intrusion in adult patients with maximum anchorage.Methods:Twenty adul...Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional(3D) dehiscence of upper anterior alveolar bone during incisor retraction and intrusion in adult patients with maximum anchorage.Methods:Twenty adult patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion had the four first premolars extracted.Miniscrews were placed to provide maximum anchorage for upper incisor retraction and intrusion.A computed tomography(CT) scan was performed after placement of the miniscrews and treatment.The 3D reconstructions of pre-and post-CT data were used to assess the dehiscence of upper anterior alveolar bone.Results:The amounts of upper incisor retraction at the edge and apex were(7.64±1.68) and(3.91±2.10) mm,respectively,and(1.34±0.74) mm of upper central incisor intrusion.Upper alveolar bone height losses at labial alveolar ridge crest(LAC) and palatal alveolar ridge crest(PAC) were 0.543 and 2.612 mm,respectively,and the percentages were(6.49±3.54)% and(27.42±9.77)%,respectively.The shape deformations of LAC-labial cortex bending point(LBP) and PAC-palatal cortex bending point(PBP) were(15.37±5.20)° and(6.43±3.27)°,respectively.Conclusions:Thus,for adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion,mechanobiological response of anterior alveolus should be taken into account during incisor retraction and intrusion.Pursuit of maximum anchorage might lead to upper anterior alveolar bone loss.展开更多
The estimation of inclusion particles has a relation close to the control of steel grain growth as well as the production of clean steel.In present study,the electrolytic extraction methods using nonaqueous electrolyt...The estimation of inclusion particles has a relation close to the control of steel grain growth as well as the production of clean steel.In present study,the electrolytic extraction methods using nonaqueous electrolyte have been examined for the extraction of various inclusion particles,in order to evaluate their three-dimensional morphologies and compositional segregations.The cross section of fine inclusion particle,which was prepared by focused ion beam method,was qualitatively analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy.From the results obtained by this method,the formation mechanism of complex inclusion particle could be explained clearly.展开更多
Fracture surface contour study is one of the important requirements for characterization and evaluation of the microstructure of rocks.Based on the improved cube covering method and the 3D contour digital reconstructi...Fracture surface contour study is one of the important requirements for characterization and evaluation of the microstructure of rocks.Based on the improved cube covering method and the 3D contour digital reconstruction model,this study proposes a quantitative microstructure characterization method combining the roughness evaluation index and the 3D fractal dimension to study the change rule of the fracture surface morphology after blasting.This method was applied and validated in the study of the fracture microstructure of the rock after blasting.The results show that the fracture morphology characteristics of the 3D contour digital reconstruction model have good correlation with the changes of the blasting action.The undulation rate of the three-dimensional surface profile of the rock is more prone to dramatic rise and dramatic fall morphology.In terms of tilting trend,the tilting direction also shows gradual disorder,with the tilting angle increasing correspondingly.All the roughness evaluation indexes of the rock fissure surface after blasting show a linear and gradually increasing trend as the distance to the bursting center increases;the difference between the two-dimensional roughness evaluation indexes and the three-dimensional ones of the same micro-area rock samples also becomes increasingly larger,among which the three-dimensional fissure roughness coefficient JRC and the surface roughness ratio Rs display better correlation.Compared with the linear fitting formula of the power function relationship,the three-dimensional fractal dimension of the postblast fissure surface is fitted with the values of JRC and Rs,which renders higher correlation coefficients,and the degree of linear fitting of JRC to the three-dimensional fractal dimension is higher.The fractal characteristics of the blast-affected region form a unity with the three-dimensional roughness evaluation of the fissure surface.展开更多
With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors...With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors determining consumers purchasing decisions.However,due to the high moisture content,active endogenous enzymes,and rich nutrients in aquatic products,both fresh and processed products are highly susceptible to quality deterioration during procurement,distribution,and storage,which leads to a significant decline in sensory quality and nutritional value,while also compromising safety.Today,the consumption of high-quality aquatic products has become a prevailing trend.This paper reviewed the methods for freshness evaluation and quality grading of aquatic products in terms of sensory and nutritional aspects,aiming to support the market circulation principle of"higher price for better quality"and"price based on quality",and better meeting consumer demands.Therefore,it is imperative to enhance the analysis and evaluation of aquatic product quality and to continuously refine assessment systems and methods,which is crucial for promoting industry transformation and fostering a healthy market-consumer economic cycle.展开更多
It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typica...It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typically transfer the Non-Destructive Testing/Evaluation(NDT/E)reliability metrics to SHM without a systematic analysis of where these metrics originated.Seldom attentions are paid to the evaluation conditions which are very important to apply these metrics.Aimed at this issue,a new condition control-based Dual-Reliability Evaluation(Dual-RE)method for SHM is proposed.This new method is proposed based on a systematic analysis of the whole framework of reliability evaluation from instrument to NDT,and emphasis is paid to the evaluation condition control.Based on these analyses,considering the special online application scenario of SHM,the proposed Dual-RE method contains two key components:Integrated Sensor-based SHM-RE(IS-SHM-RE)and Critical Service Condition-based SHM-RE(CSC-SHM-RE).ISSHM-RE evaluates the reliability of integrated SHM sensor and system themselves under approximate repeatability conditions,while CSC-SHM-RE assesses SHM reliability under the dominant uncertainties during service,namely intermediate conditions.To demonstrate the Dual-RE,crack monitoring by using the Guided Wave-based-SHM(GW-SHM)on aircraft lug structures is taken as a case study.Both the crack detection and sizing performance are evaluated from accuracy and uncertainty.展开更多
Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces ...Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces a visual evaluation index named confidence centroid skewing quadrilateral,which is based on a classification confidence-based confusion matrix,offering a quantitative and visual comparison of the adversarial robustness among different classification algorithms,and enhances intuitiveness and interpretability of attack impacts.We first conduct a validity test and sensitive analysis of the method.Then,prove its effectiveness through the experiments of five classification algorithms including artificial neural network(ANN),logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),convolutional neural network(CNN)and transformer against three adversarial attacks such as fast gradient sign method(FGSM),DeepFool,and projected gradient descent(PGD)attack.展开更多
Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation...Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.展开更多
Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluat...Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.展开更多
Crassostrea gigas has good taste and high nutritional value;however,there are few assessments of comprehensive and panoramic analyses of the nutritional quality of the northern oyster.To study the nutritional characte...Crassostrea gigas has good taste and high nutritional value;however,there are few assessments of comprehensive and panoramic analyses of the nutritional quality of the northern oyster.To study the nutritional characteristics of C.gigas from different sources(ploidy,region,size,and culture mode),C.gigas from various ploidy(diploid and triploid),regions(Rushan,Off-site fattening,and Rongcheng),sizes(small,medium,and large)and culture modes(nearshore and offshore)were selected for comparative analyses.The nutritional components(moisture,protein,fat,and mineral),flavor substances(taste amino acids,nucleotides,and succinic acid),and functional indices(eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),and taurine)of C.gigas were determined.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to comprehensively evaluate the oysters and investigate the variations in nutritional quality.The PCA results indicate that protein,essential fatty acids,selenium,zinc,taste amino acids,taurine,EPA,and DHA were core components contributing to 82.25%of the cumulative variance,providing a more comprehensive reflection of the nutrient composition of C.gigas.The extensive quality rankings for the C.gigas were as follows:diploid>triploid,Rushan>fattening>Rongcheng,medium>large>small,and offshore>nearshore.The score rank revealed that diploid oysters of medium-size from Rushan demonstrated superior nutritional quality compared to other tested samples.This is the first comprehensive and systematic investigation of C.gigas in northern China to reveal the feature of nutrients,flavor,and functional components.The study provided data support for the culture,consumption,processing,research,and nutritional quality improvement of oyster industry.展开更多
BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an e...BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.展开更多
Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core functi...Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core function is to characterize the complexity of the induced fracture network and the resulting effective stimulated volume.In this study,we quantified fracture area and geometric complexity using true triaxial fracturing experiments and computed tomography three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology,combined with the box-counting method to calculate the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces.The results revealed that the total fracture surface area per unit volume of the stimulated reservoir effectively characterized reservoir fracability;specifically,both a larger total fracture surface area and a higher fractal dimension corresponded to better reservoir fracability.Fracture complexity was enhanced by a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference or an increase in the injection rate.Under optimal conditions of a 3 MPa stress difference and an injection rate of 60 mL/min,fracability improved by 27.6%.Furthermore,liquid carbon dioxide(CO_(2))improved fracability by 50.7%compared to using water as the fracturing fluid,a result attributed to its low viscosity and strong diffusion capacity,which activated a greater number of natural fractures.A fracability evaluation model integrating brittleness,fracture toughness,and dimensionless net pressure was developed using regression analysis,which demonstrated high reliability with a strong determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.9019.This study clarifies the logical relationships among fracture area,complexity,and fractal dimension,providing a novel method for evaluating the fracability of coal reservoirs.展开更多
Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both g...Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both global and regional climates.This study assesses the performance of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in simulating interannual variability modes of Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential height during winter and summer,distinguishing predictable(potentially predictable on seasonal or longer timescales)and unpredictable(intraseasonal and essentially unpredictable at long range)components,using reanalysis data and a variance decomposition method.Although most models effectively capture unpredictable modes in reanalysis,their ability to reproduce dominant predictable modes-specifically the Pacific-North American pattern,Arctic Oscillation,and Western Pacific Oscillation in winter,and the East Atlantic and North Atlantic Oscillations in summer-varies notably.An optimal ensemble is identified to distinguish(a)predictable-external modes,dominated by external forcing,and(b)predictable-internal modes,associated with slow internal variability,during the historical period(1950-2014)and the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2036-2100).Under increased radiative forcing,the leading winter/summer predictable-external mode exhibits a more uniform spatial distribution,remarkably larger trend and annual variance,and enhanced height-sea surface temperature(SST)covariance under SSP5-8.5 compared to historical conditions.The dominant winter/summer predictable-internal modes also exhibit increased variance and height-SST covariance under SSP5-8.5,along with localized changes in spatial configuration.Minimal changes are observed in spatial distribution or variance for dominant winter/summer unpredictable modes under SSP5-8.5.This study,from a predictive perspective,deepens our understanding of model uncertainties and projected changes in circulations.展开更多
According to the Mindlin plate theory and the first-order piston theory,this work obtains accurate closed-form eigensolutions for the flutter problem of three-dimensional(3D)rectangular laminated panels.The governing ...According to the Mindlin plate theory and the first-order piston theory,this work obtains accurate closed-form eigensolutions for the flutter problem of three-dimensional(3D)rectangular laminated panels.The governing differential equations are derived by the Hamilton's variational principle,and then solved by the iterative Separation-of-Variable(i SOV)method,which are applicable to arbitrary combinations of homogeneous Boundary Conditions(BCs).However,only the simply-support,clamped and cantilever panels are considered in this work for the sake of clarity.With the closed-form eigensolutions,the flutter frequency,flutter mode and flutter boundary are presented,and the effect of shear deformation and aerodynamic damping on flutter frequencies is investigated.Besides,the relation between panel energy and the work of aerodynamic load is discussed.The numerical comparisons reveal the following.(A)The flutter eigenvalues obtained by the present method are accurate,validated by the Finite Element Method(FEM)and the Galerkin method.(B)When the span-chord ratio is larger than 3,simplifying a 3D panel to 2D(two-dimensional)panel is reasonable and the relative differences of the flutter points predicted by the two models are less than one percent.(C)The reciprocal relationship between the mechanical energy of the panel and the work done by aerodynamic load is verified by using the present flutter eigenvalues and modes,further indicating the high accuracy of the present solutions.(D)The coupling of shear deformation and aerodynamic damping prevents frequency coalescing.展开更多
The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt ...The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture,with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models.Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems incontingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’expanding applications in operational environments.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability,demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the Inner Mongolia power market.First,we establish the innovative“Dual-Active Heterogeneous”architecture that enables independent parallelized operation and fault-isolated redundancy.Subsequently,key performance indices are quantitatively evaluated across four critical dimensions:unit commitment decisions,generator output constraints,transmission section congestion patterns,and clearing price formation mechanisms.An integrated fuzzy evaluation methodology incorporating grey relational analysis is employed for objective indicator weighting,enabling systematic quantification of system superiority under specific grid operating states.Empirical results based on actual operational data from 200 generation units demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in guiding optimal system selection,with particularly strong performance observed during peak load periods.The proposed approach shows high generalization potential for other regional markets employing redundant clearing mechanisms—particularly those with increasing renewable penetration and associated uncertainty.展开更多
The comprehensive evaluation of six properties for equipment product is an important basis for their quality control,and their correlative relationship among six properties will affect their quality level.To understan...The comprehensive evaluation of six properties for equipment product is an important basis for their quality control,and their correlative relationship among six properties will affect their quality level.To understand their correlative relationship among six properties,this paper firstly combines group evaluation with decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)model,and develops the optimization model based on group consensus to form six influent relationship matrices.Secondly,group consensus matrix is used to design super network hierarchy matrix,and the weights of six properties with relevant environment is also proposed.Thirdly,the elimination and choice translating reality(ELECTRE)model is used to make comprehensive evaluation,and an example is used to compare the results under two kinds of conditions,and illustrate the effect of the weights of six properties on the priority of equipment products.展开更多
Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance to...Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance tomography enables real-time monitoring of changes in cerebral blood perfusion within the ischemic brain,but investigating the feasibility of using this method to assess post-stroke rehabilitation in vivo remains critical.In this study,ischemic stroke was induced in rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was used to treat the rat model of ischemia,and electrical impedance tomography was used to measure impedance during both the acute stage of ischemia and the rehabilitation stage following the stimulation.Electrical impedance tomography results indicated that cerebral impedance increased after the onset of ischemia and decreased following transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation.Furthermore,the stimulation promoted motor function recovery,reduced cerebral infarction volume in the rat model of ischemic stroke,and induced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic brain.Our results also revealed a significant correlation between the impedance of the ischemic brain post-intervention and improvements in behavioral scores and infarct volume.This study shows that daily administration of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation for 20 minutes to the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after cerebral ischemia enhanced motor recovery in a rat model of ischemia.Additionally,our findings indicate that electrical impedance tomography can serve as a valuable tool for quantitatively evaluating rehabilitation after ischemic stroke in vivo.These findings suggest the feasibility of using impedance data collected via electrical impedance tomography to clinically assess the effects of rehabilitatory interventions for patients with ischemic stroke.展开更多
Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous g...Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous gas reservoirs with intricate storage and flow behavior.To address these issues within a unified,data-driven framework,this study develops a multi-block material balance model that accounts for inter-block flow and aquifer influx,and is applicable to a wide range of reservoir types.The model incorporates inter-well and well-group conductive connectivity together with pseudo–steady-state aquifer support.The governing equations are solved using a Newton–Raphson scheme,while particle swarm optimization is employed to estimate formation pressures,inter-well connectivity,and effective aquifer volumes.An unbalanced exploitation factor,UEF,is introduced to quantify production imbalance and to guide development optimization.Validation using a synthetic reservoir model demonstrates that the approach accurately reproduces pressure evolution,crossflow behavior,and water influx.Application to a representative case(the Longwangmiao)field further confirms its robustness under highly heterogeneous conditions,achieving a 12.9%reduction in UEF through optimized production allocation.展开更多
Objective To investigate diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography(3D-Hy Co Sy) in assessing tubal patency with chromolaporoscopy. Methods A total of 157 infertile women...Objective To investigate diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography(3D-Hy Co Sy) in assessing tubal patency with chromolaporoscopy. Methods A total of 157 infertile women underwent 3D-Hy Co Sy to evaluate tubal patency. Among these patients, 39 patients were also examined by chromolaporoscopy. The concordance of the two clinical assessment methods was analyzed by the Kappa coefficient test. Results Among the 306 oviducts examined by 3D-Hy Co Sy, 99(32.4%) were patent, 126(41.2%) partially obstructed, and 81(26.5%) completely obstructed. Diagnostic results with 3D-Hy Co Sy were not statistically different from those obtained in the 39 women(78 oviducts) who also underwent chromolaporoscopy, and the two methods showed a high concordance(κ=0.747, P=0.000). The 3D-Hy Co Sy procedure had a sensitivity of 84.8%(28/33), a specificity of 96.2%(25/26), and positive and negative predictive values of 93.3%(28/30) and 86.2%(25/29) respectively. Conclusion Transvaginal 3D-Hy Co Sy can accurately reveal the spatial path and morphology of the oviduct and is a safe and effective method to evaluate tubal patency.展开更多
With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, the three-dimensional(3D) characteristic has been the main feature of urban morphology. However, the vast majority of researches of urban growth have focu...With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, the three-dimensional(3D) characteristic has been the main feature of urban morphology. However, the vast majority of researches of urban growth have focused on the planar area(two-dimensional(2D)) expansion. Few studies have been conducted from a 3D perspective. In this paper, the 3D urban expansion of the Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China from 2003 to 2012 was evaluated based on Geographical Information System(GIS) tools and high-resolution remote sensing images. Four indices, namely weighted average height of buildings, volume of buildings, 3D expansion intensity and 3D fractal dimension are used to quantify the 3D urban expansion. The weighted average height of buildings and the volume of buildings are used to illustrate the temporal change of the 3D urban morphology, while the other two indices are used to calculate the expansion intensity and the fractal dimension of the 3D urban morphology. The results show that the spatial distribution of the high-rise buildings in Yangzhou has significantly spread and the utilization of the 3D space of Yangzhou has become more efficient and intensive. The methods proposed in this paper laid a foundation for a wide range of study of 3D urban morphology changes.展开更多
Antibacterial adhesives are promising to inhibit biofilms and secondary caries. The objectives of this study were to synthesize and incorporate quaternary ammonium methacrylates into adhesives, and investigate the alk...Antibacterial adhesives are promising to inhibit biofilms and secondary caries. The objectives of this study were to synthesize and incorporate quaternary ammonium methacrylates into adhesives, and investigate the alkyl chain length effects on three-dimensional biofilms adherent on adhesives for the first time. Six quaternary ammonium methacrylates with chain lengths of 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 and 18 were synthesized and incorporated into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were cultured on resin to form biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure biofilm thickness, live/dead volumes and live-bacteria percentage vs. distance from resin surface. Biofilm thickness was the greatest for Scotchbond control; it decreased with increasing chain length, reaching a minimum at chain length 16. Live-biofilm volume had a similar trend. Dead-biofilm volume increased with increasing chain length. The adhesive with chain length 9 had 37% live bacteria near resin surface, but close to 100% live bacteria in the biofilm top section. For chain length 16, there were nearly 0% live bacteria throughout the three-dimensional biofilm. In conclusion, strong antibacterial activity was achieved by adding quaternary ammonium into adhesive, with biofilm thickness and live-biofilm volume decreasing as chain length was increased from 3 to 16. Antibacterial adhesives typically only inhibited bacteria close to its surface; however, adhesive with chain length 16 had mostly dead bacteria in the entire three-dimensional biofilm. Antibacterial adhesive with chain length 16 is promising to inhibit biofilms at the margins and combat secondary caries.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Shandong Science and Technology Planning Project Contract Research (Nos. 2008GG30002019 and 2008GG 30001001) of Chinathe Shandong University Dental School Project Research (Nos. P2009009,P2009010,and P2010010),China
文摘Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional(3D) dehiscence of upper anterior alveolar bone during incisor retraction and intrusion in adult patients with maximum anchorage.Methods:Twenty adult patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion had the four first premolars extracted.Miniscrews were placed to provide maximum anchorage for upper incisor retraction and intrusion.A computed tomography(CT) scan was performed after placement of the miniscrews and treatment.The 3D reconstructions of pre-and post-CT data were used to assess the dehiscence of upper anterior alveolar bone.Results:The amounts of upper incisor retraction at the edge and apex were(7.64±1.68) and(3.91±2.10) mm,respectively,and(1.34±0.74) mm of upper central incisor intrusion.Upper alveolar bone height losses at labial alveolar ridge crest(LAC) and palatal alveolar ridge crest(PAC) were 0.543 and 2.612 mm,respectively,and the percentages were(6.49±3.54)% and(27.42±9.77)%,respectively.The shape deformations of LAC-labial cortex bending point(LBP) and PAC-palatal cortex bending point(PBP) were(15.37±5.20)° and(6.43±3.27)°,respectively.Conclusions:Thus,for adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion,mechanobiological response of anterior alveolus should be taken into account during incisor retraction and intrusion.Pursuit of maximum anchorage might lead to upper anterior alveolar bone loss.
文摘The estimation of inclusion particles has a relation close to the control of steel grain growth as well as the production of clean steel.In present study,the electrolytic extraction methods using nonaqueous electrolyte have been examined for the extraction of various inclusion particles,in order to evaluate their three-dimensional morphologies and compositional segregations.The cross section of fine inclusion particle,which was prepared by focused ion beam method,was qualitatively analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy.From the results obtained by this method,the formation mechanism of complex inclusion particle could be explained clearly.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC2902103National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51934001Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2023JCCXLJ02。
文摘Fracture surface contour study is one of the important requirements for characterization and evaluation of the microstructure of rocks.Based on the improved cube covering method and the 3D contour digital reconstruction model,this study proposes a quantitative microstructure characterization method combining the roughness evaluation index and the 3D fractal dimension to study the change rule of the fracture surface morphology after blasting.This method was applied and validated in the study of the fracture microstructure of the rock after blasting.The results show that the fracture morphology characteristics of the 3D contour digital reconstruction model have good correlation with the changes of the blasting action.The undulation rate of the three-dimensional surface profile of the rock is more prone to dramatic rise and dramatic fall morphology.In terms of tilting trend,the tilting direction also shows gradual disorder,with the tilting angle increasing correspondingly.All the roughness evaluation indexes of the rock fissure surface after blasting show a linear and gradually increasing trend as the distance to the bursting center increases;the difference between the two-dimensional roughness evaluation indexes and the three-dimensional ones of the same micro-area rock samples also becomes increasingly larger,among which the three-dimensional fissure roughness coefficient JRC and the surface roughness ratio Rs display better correlation.Compared with the linear fitting formula of the power function relationship,the three-dimensional fractal dimension of the postblast fissure surface is fitted with the values of JRC and Rs,which renders higher correlation coefficients,and the degree of linear fitting of JRC to the three-dimensional fractal dimension is higher.The fractal characteristics of the blast-affected region form a unity with the three-dimensional roughness evaluation of the fissure surface.
基金Supported by Tangshan Talent Funding Project in 2025(B202304018).
文摘With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors determining consumers purchasing decisions.However,due to the high moisture content,active endogenous enzymes,and rich nutrients in aquatic products,both fresh and processed products are highly susceptible to quality deterioration during procurement,distribution,and storage,which leads to a significant decline in sensory quality and nutritional value,while also compromising safety.Today,the consumption of high-quality aquatic products has become a prevailing trend.This paper reviewed the methods for freshness evaluation and quality grading of aquatic products in terms of sensory and nutritional aspects,aiming to support the market circulation principle of"higher price for better quality"and"price based on quality",and better meeting consumer demands.Therefore,it is imperative to enhance the analysis and evaluation of aquatic product quality and to continuously refine assessment systems and methods,which is crucial for promoting industry transformation and fostering a healthy market-consumer economic cycle.
基金the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275153)the Frontier Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu,China(No.BF2024068)+1 种基金The Fund of Prospective Layout of Scientific Research for Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,ChinaResearch Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics),China(Nos.MCAS-I-0425K01,MCAS-I-0423G01)。
文摘It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typically transfer the Non-Destructive Testing/Evaluation(NDT/E)reliability metrics to SHM without a systematic analysis of where these metrics originated.Seldom attentions are paid to the evaluation conditions which are very important to apply these metrics.Aimed at this issue,a new condition control-based Dual-Reliability Evaluation(Dual-RE)method for SHM is proposed.This new method is proposed based on a systematic analysis of the whole framework of reliability evaluation from instrument to NDT,and emphasis is paid to the evaluation condition control.Based on these analyses,considering the special online application scenario of SHM,the proposed Dual-RE method contains two key components:Integrated Sensor-based SHM-RE(IS-SHM-RE)and Critical Service Condition-based SHM-RE(CSC-SHM-RE).ISSHM-RE evaluates the reliability of integrated SHM sensor and system themselves under approximate repeatability conditions,while CSC-SHM-RE assesses SHM reliability under the dominant uncertainties during service,namely intermediate conditions.To demonstrate the Dual-RE,crack monitoring by using the Guided Wave-based-SHM(GW-SHM)on aircraft lug structures is taken as a case study.Both the crack detection and sizing performance are evaluated from accuracy and uncertainty.
文摘Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces a visual evaluation index named confidence centroid skewing quadrilateral,which is based on a classification confidence-based confusion matrix,offering a quantitative and visual comparison of the adversarial robustness among different classification algorithms,and enhances intuitiveness and interpretability of attack impacts.We first conduct a validity test and sensitive analysis of the method.Then,prove its effectiveness through the experiments of five classification algorithms including artificial neural network(ANN),logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),convolutional neural network(CNN)and transformer against three adversarial attacks such as fast gradient sign method(FGSM),DeepFool,and projected gradient descent(PGD)attack.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325112)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2411700,2023YFC2411705)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2023)the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-009,2022-PUMCH-B-064,2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB541801).
文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42277147)Ningbo Public Welfare Research Program(Grant No.2024S081)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024J186).
文摘Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.
基金Supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(No.20603022024016)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(Nos.2023TD52,2023TD76)the earmarked fund for CARS(No.CARS-49)。
文摘Crassostrea gigas has good taste and high nutritional value;however,there are few assessments of comprehensive and panoramic analyses of the nutritional quality of the northern oyster.To study the nutritional characteristics of C.gigas from different sources(ploidy,region,size,and culture mode),C.gigas from various ploidy(diploid and triploid),regions(Rushan,Off-site fattening,and Rongcheng),sizes(small,medium,and large)and culture modes(nearshore and offshore)were selected for comparative analyses.The nutritional components(moisture,protein,fat,and mineral),flavor substances(taste amino acids,nucleotides,and succinic acid),and functional indices(eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),and taurine)of C.gigas were determined.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to comprehensively evaluate the oysters and investigate the variations in nutritional quality.The PCA results indicate that protein,essential fatty acids,selenium,zinc,taste amino acids,taurine,EPA,and DHA were core components contributing to 82.25%of the cumulative variance,providing a more comprehensive reflection of the nutrient composition of C.gigas.The extensive quality rankings for the C.gigas were as follows:diploid>triploid,Rushan>fattening>Rongcheng,medium>large>small,and offshore>nearshore.The score rank revealed that diploid oysters of medium-size from Rushan demonstrated superior nutritional quality compared to other tested samples.This is the first comprehensive and systematic investigation of C.gigas in northern China to reveal the feature of nutrients,flavor,and functional components.The study provided data support for the culture,consumption,processing,research,and nutritional quality improvement of oyster industry.
基金Supported by Inter Disciplinary Direction Cultivation Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.2025JC01032025 Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project,No.2025RC9012+2 种基金2022"Unveiling and Leading"Project of Discipline Construction at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.22JBZ044Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.kq2402174Hunan Provincial Science Popularization Fund Project,No.2025ZK4223.
文摘BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52574047 and Grant No.52374045)Key Project of Sichuan Provincial Joint Fund for Science Technology and Education,China(Grant No.2025NSFSC2008).
文摘Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core function is to characterize the complexity of the induced fracture network and the resulting effective stimulated volume.In this study,we quantified fracture area and geometric complexity using true triaxial fracturing experiments and computed tomography three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology,combined with the box-counting method to calculate the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces.The results revealed that the total fracture surface area per unit volume of the stimulated reservoir effectively characterized reservoir fracability;specifically,both a larger total fracture surface area and a higher fractal dimension corresponded to better reservoir fracability.Fracture complexity was enhanced by a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference or an increase in the injection rate.Under optimal conditions of a 3 MPa stress difference and an injection rate of 60 mL/min,fracability improved by 27.6%.Furthermore,liquid carbon dioxide(CO_(2))improved fracability by 50.7%compared to using water as the fracturing fluid,a result attributed to its low viscosity and strong diffusion capacity,which activated a greater number of natural fractures.A fracability evaluation model integrating brittleness,fracture toughness,and dimensionless net pressure was developed using regression analysis,which demonstrated high reliability with a strong determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.9019.This study clarifies the logical relationships among fracture area,complexity,and fractal dimension,providing a novel method for evaluating the fracability of coal reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2342210 and 42275043)the National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(Grant Nos.J2223806,ZDJ2024-25 and ZDJ2025-34)。
文摘Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both global and regional climates.This study assesses the performance of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in simulating interannual variability modes of Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential height during winter and summer,distinguishing predictable(potentially predictable on seasonal or longer timescales)and unpredictable(intraseasonal and essentially unpredictable at long range)components,using reanalysis data and a variance decomposition method.Although most models effectively capture unpredictable modes in reanalysis,their ability to reproduce dominant predictable modes-specifically the Pacific-North American pattern,Arctic Oscillation,and Western Pacific Oscillation in winter,and the East Atlantic and North Atlantic Oscillations in summer-varies notably.An optimal ensemble is identified to distinguish(a)predictable-external modes,dominated by external forcing,and(b)predictable-internal modes,associated with slow internal variability,during the historical period(1950-2014)and the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2036-2100).Under increased radiative forcing,the leading winter/summer predictable-external mode exhibits a more uniform spatial distribution,remarkably larger trend and annual variance,and enhanced height-sea surface temperature(SST)covariance under SSP5-8.5 compared to historical conditions.The dominant winter/summer predictable-internal modes also exhibit increased variance and height-SST covariance under SSP5-8.5,along with localized changes in spatial configuration.Minimal changes are observed in spatial distribution or variance for dominant winter/summer unpredictable modes under SSP5-8.5.This study,from a predictive perspective,deepens our understanding of model uncertainties and projected changes in circulations.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12172023)。
文摘According to the Mindlin plate theory and the first-order piston theory,this work obtains accurate closed-form eigensolutions for the flutter problem of three-dimensional(3D)rectangular laminated panels.The governing differential equations are derived by the Hamilton's variational principle,and then solved by the iterative Separation-of-Variable(i SOV)method,which are applicable to arbitrary combinations of homogeneous Boundary Conditions(BCs).However,only the simply-support,clamped and cantilever panels are considered in this work for the sake of clarity.With the closed-form eigensolutions,the flutter frequency,flutter mode and flutter boundary are presented,and the effect of shear deformation and aerodynamic damping on flutter frequencies is investigated.Besides,the relation between panel energy and the work of aerodynamic load is discussed.The numerical comparisons reveal the following.(A)The flutter eigenvalues obtained by the present method are accurate,validated by the Finite Element Method(FEM)and the Galerkin method.(B)When the span-chord ratio is larger than 3,simplifying a 3D panel to 2D(two-dimensional)panel is reasonable and the relative differences of the flutter points predicted by the two models are less than one percent.(C)The reciprocal relationship between the mechanical energy of the panel and the work done by aerodynamic load is verified by using the present flutter eigenvalues and modes,further indicating the high accuracy of the present solutions.(D)The coupling of shear deformation and aerodynamic damping prevents frequency coalescing.
基金supported by NARI Relays Electric Co.,Ltd.under the Project“Research on Evaluation of Clearing Results and Switching Criteria for Primary-Backup Systems in Electricity SpotMarkets”(Project No.CGSQ240800443).
文摘The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture,with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models.Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems incontingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’expanding applications in operational environments.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability,demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the Inner Mongolia power market.First,we establish the innovative“Dual-Active Heterogeneous”architecture that enables independent parallelized operation and fault-isolated redundancy.Subsequently,key performance indices are quantitatively evaluated across four critical dimensions:unit commitment decisions,generator output constraints,transmission section congestion patterns,and clearing price formation mechanisms.An integrated fuzzy evaluation methodology incorporating grey relational analysis is employed for objective indicator weighting,enabling systematic quantification of system superiority under specific grid operating states.Empirical results based on actual operational data from 200 generation units demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in guiding optimal system selection,with particularly strong performance observed during peak load periods.The proposed approach shows high generalization potential for other regional markets employing redundant clearing mechanisms—particularly those with increasing renewable penetration and associated uncertainty.
文摘The comprehensive evaluation of six properties for equipment product is an important basis for their quality control,and their correlative relationship among six properties will affect their quality level.To understand their correlative relationship among six properties,this paper firstly combines group evaluation with decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)model,and develops the optimization model based on group consensus to form six influent relationship matrices.Secondly,group consensus matrix is used to design super network hierarchy matrix,and the weights of six properties with relevant environment is also proposed.Thirdly,the elimination and choice translating reality(ELECTRE)model is used to make comprehensive evaluation,and an example is used to compare the results under two kinds of conditions,and illustrate the effect of the weights of six properties on the priority of equipment products.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nos.G2021KY05107,G2021KY05101the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32071316,32211530049+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,No.2022-JM482the Education and Teaching Reform Funds for the Central Universities,No.23GZ230102(all to LL and HH).
文摘Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance tomography enables real-time monitoring of changes in cerebral blood perfusion within the ischemic brain,but investigating the feasibility of using this method to assess post-stroke rehabilitation in vivo remains critical.In this study,ischemic stroke was induced in rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was used to treat the rat model of ischemia,and electrical impedance tomography was used to measure impedance during both the acute stage of ischemia and the rehabilitation stage following the stimulation.Electrical impedance tomography results indicated that cerebral impedance increased after the onset of ischemia and decreased following transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation.Furthermore,the stimulation promoted motor function recovery,reduced cerebral infarction volume in the rat model of ischemic stroke,and induced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic brain.Our results also revealed a significant correlation between the impedance of the ischemic brain post-intervention and improvements in behavioral scores and infarct volume.This study shows that daily administration of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation for 20 minutes to the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after cerebral ischemia enhanced motor recovery in a rat model of ischemia.Additionally,our findings indicate that electrical impedance tomography can serve as a valuable tool for quantitatively evaluating rehabilitation after ischemic stroke in vivo.These findings suggest the feasibility of using impedance data collected via electrical impedance tomography to clinically assess the effects of rehabilitatory interventions for patients with ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104018,52274030)China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Innovation Foundation(No.2024DQ02-0303)China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)14th Five-Year Plan Major Strategic Scientific and Technological Project for Prospective and Fundamental Research(2024DJ86).
文摘Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous gas reservoirs with intricate storage and flow behavior.To address these issues within a unified,data-driven framework,this study develops a multi-block material balance model that accounts for inter-block flow and aquifer influx,and is applicable to a wide range of reservoir types.The model incorporates inter-well and well-group conductive connectivity together with pseudo–steady-state aquifer support.The governing equations are solved using a Newton–Raphson scheme,while particle swarm optimization is employed to estimate formation pressures,inter-well connectivity,and effective aquifer volumes.An unbalanced exploitation factor,UEF,is introduced to quantify production imbalance and to guide development optimization.Validation using a synthetic reservoir model demonstrates that the approach accurately reproduces pressure evolution,crossflow behavior,and water influx.Application to a representative case(the Longwangmiao)field further confirms its robustness under highly heterogeneous conditions,achieving a 12.9%reduction in UEF through optimized production allocation.
基金Supported by the Health Department of Guangdong Province(B2011259)
文摘Objective To investigate diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography(3D-Hy Co Sy) in assessing tubal patency with chromolaporoscopy. Methods A total of 157 infertile women underwent 3D-Hy Co Sy to evaluate tubal patency. Among these patients, 39 patients were also examined by chromolaporoscopy. The concordance of the two clinical assessment methods was analyzed by the Kappa coefficient test. Results Among the 306 oviducts examined by 3D-Hy Co Sy, 99(32.4%) were patent, 126(41.2%) partially obstructed, and 81(26.5%) completely obstructed. Diagnostic results with 3D-Hy Co Sy were not statistically different from those obtained in the 39 women(78 oviducts) who also underwent chromolaporoscopy, and the two methods showed a high concordance(κ=0.747, P=0.000). The 3D-Hy Co Sy procedure had a sensitivity of 84.8%(28/33), a specificity of 96.2%(25/26), and positive and negative predictive values of 93.3%(28/30) and 86.2%(25/29) respectively. Conclusion Transvaginal 3D-Hy Co Sy can accurately reveal the spatial path and morphology of the oviduct and is a safe and effective method to evaluate tubal patency.
基金Under the auspices of Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.13&ZD13027)National Science&Technology Pillar Program During 12th Five-year Plan Period(No.2012BAJ22B03-04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401164)
文摘With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, the three-dimensional(3D) characteristic has been the main feature of urban morphology. However, the vast majority of researches of urban growth have focused on the planar area(two-dimensional(2D)) expansion. Few studies have been conducted from a 3D perspective. In this paper, the 3D urban expansion of the Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China from 2003 to 2012 was evaluated based on Geographical Information System(GIS) tools and high-resolution remote sensing images. Four indices, namely weighted average height of buildings, volume of buildings, 3D expansion intensity and 3D fractal dimension are used to quantify the 3D urban expansion. The weighted average height of buildings and the volume of buildings are used to illustrate the temporal change of the 3D urban morphology, while the other two indices are used to calculate the expansion intensity and the fractal dimension of the 3D urban morphology. The results show that the spatial distribution of the high-rise buildings in Yangzhou has significantly spread and the utilization of the 3D space of Yangzhou has become more efficient and intensive. The methods proposed in this paper laid a foundation for a wide range of study of 3D urban morphology changes.
基金supported by NIH R01 DE17974West China School of Stomatologya Seed Grant from Department of Endodontics,Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry,University of Maryland
文摘Antibacterial adhesives are promising to inhibit biofilms and secondary caries. The objectives of this study were to synthesize and incorporate quaternary ammonium methacrylates into adhesives, and investigate the alkyl chain length effects on three-dimensional biofilms adherent on adhesives for the first time. Six quaternary ammonium methacrylates with chain lengths of 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 and 18 were synthesized and incorporated into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were cultured on resin to form biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure biofilm thickness, live/dead volumes and live-bacteria percentage vs. distance from resin surface. Biofilm thickness was the greatest for Scotchbond control; it decreased with increasing chain length, reaching a minimum at chain length 16. Live-biofilm volume had a similar trend. Dead-biofilm volume increased with increasing chain length. The adhesive with chain length 9 had 37% live bacteria near resin surface, but close to 100% live bacteria in the biofilm top section. For chain length 16, there were nearly 0% live bacteria throughout the three-dimensional biofilm. In conclusion, strong antibacterial activity was achieved by adding quaternary ammonium into adhesive, with biofilm thickness and live-biofilm volume decreasing as chain length was increased from 3 to 16. Antibacterial adhesives typically only inhibited bacteria close to its surface; however, adhesive with chain length 16 had mostly dead bacteria in the entire three-dimensional biofilm. Antibacterial adhesive with chain length 16 is promising to inhibit biofilms at the margins and combat secondary caries.
