Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade compone...Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.展开更多
Understanding the mesoscopic tensile fracture damage of rock is the basis of evaluating the deterioration process of mechanical properties of heat-damaged rock. For this, tensile tests of rocks under high-temperature ...Understanding the mesoscopic tensile fracture damage of rock is the basis of evaluating the deterioration process of mechanical properties of heat-damaged rock. For this, tensile tests of rocks under high-temperature treatment were conducted with a ϕ75 mm split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) to investigate the mesoscopic fracture and damage properties of rock. An improved scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experimental method was used to analyze the tensile fracture surfaces of rock samples. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to assess evolution of mesoscopic damage of heat-damaged rock under tensile loading. A constitutive model describing the mesoscopic fractal damage under thermo-mechanical coupling was established. The results showed that the high temperatures significantly reduced the tensile strength and fracture surface roughness of the red sandstone. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the fracture surface of the samples that experienced tensile failure at 900 °C showed a flat surface. The standard deviation of elevation and slope angle of specimen fracture surface first increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. The threshold for brittle fracture of the heat-damaged red sandstone specimens was 600 °C. Beyond this threshold temperature, local ductile fracture occurred, resulting in plastic deformation of the fracture surface during tensile fracturing. With increase of temperature, the internal meso-structure of samples was strengthened slightly at first and then deteriorated gradually, which was consistent with the change of macroscopic mechanical properties of red sandstone. The mesoscopic characteristics, such as the number, mean side length, maximum area, porosity, and fractal dimension of crack, exhibited an initial decline, followed by a gradual increase. The development of microcracks in samples had significant influence on mesoscopic fractal dimension. The mesoscopic fractal characteristics were used to establish a mesoscopic fractal damage constitutive model for red sandstone, and the agreement between the theoretical and experimental results validated the proposed model.展开更多
A three-dimensional dynamic damage model that fits both small and large damage sizes is developed to predict impact damage initiation and propagation for each lamina of T300-carbon/epoxy laminations.First,13 specimens...A three-dimensional dynamic damage model that fits both small and large damage sizes is developed to predict impact damage initiation and propagation for each lamina of T300-carbon/epoxy laminations.First,13 specimens of the same lamination sequence are subjected to three different impact energies(10 J,15 J,and 20 J).After the impact,the laminates are inspected by the naked eye to observe the damage in the outer layers,and subsequently X-rayed to detect the inner damage.Next,the stress analysis of laminates subjected to impact loading is presented,based on the Hertz contact law and virtual displacement principle.Based on the analysis results,a three-dimensional dynamic damage model is proposed,including the Hou failure criteria and Camanho stiffness degradation model,to predict the impact damage shape and area.The numerical predictions of the damage shape and area show a relatively reasonable agreement with the experiments.Finally,the impact damage initiation and propagation for each lamina are investigated using this damage model,and the results improve the understanding of the impact process.展开更多
Reinforced concrete(RC) columns are widely used as supporting structures for high-piled wharfs.The study of damage model of a RC column due to underwater explosion is a critical issue to assess the wharfs antiknock se...Reinforced concrete(RC) columns are widely used as supporting structures for high-piled wharfs.The study of damage model of a RC column due to underwater explosion is a critical issue to assess the wharfs antiknock security.In this study,the dynamic response and damage model of circular RC columns subjected to underwater explosions were investigated by means of scaled-down experiment models.Experiments were carried out in a 10.0 m diameter tank with the water depth of 2.25 m,under different explosive quantities(0.025 kg-1.6 kg),stand-off distances(0.0 m-7.0 m),and detonation depths(0.25 m-2.0 m).The shock wave load and dynamic response of experiment models were measured by configuring sensors of pressure,acceleration,strain,and displacement.Then,the load distribution characteristics,time history of test data,and damage models related to present conditions were obtained and discussed.Three damage models,including bending failure,bending-shear failure and punching failure,were identified.In addition,the experie nce model of shock wave loads on the surface of a RC column was proposed for engineering application.展开更多
A new viscoplastic damage-softening constitutive model is presented. It is developed by integrating a Bodner-Partom viscoplastic model with a newdamage evolution equation. A set of ordinary differential equations（ O...A new viscoplastic damage-softening constitutive model is presented. It is developed by integrating a Bodner-Partom viscoplastic model with a newdamage evolution equation. A set of ordinary differential equations（ ODEs） is formulated,and a Runge-Kutta integral method is used to get stress-strain curves given by the model. Also,stress-strain curves of a wide range of strain-rates for concrete were obtained by split Hopkinson pressure bar（ SHPB） tests. By fitting the integral stressstrain curves to the experimental ones with the least square optimization method,we determined the material parameters in our model. Some properties of the newmodel,such as strain-rate sensitivity,damage evolution characteristics,strain-rate jump effects and unloading feature,are explored.These results showthat our new model can describe dynamic behaviors of concrete very well,and our integrating-fitting-optimizing method to get material parameters is valid.展开更多
The dynamic compressive deformation of frozen soil was investigated by conducting the split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)experiments at three temperatures and different high strain rates,and the dynamic stress–strain ...The dynamic compressive deformation of frozen soil was investigated by conducting the split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)experiments at three temperatures and different high strain rates,and the dynamic stress–strain responses and failure modes of the frozen soil were analyzed.The experimental results demonstrate that the frozen soil exhibits evident dependence on the strain rate and temperature under the dynamic loading condition.The dynamic compressive stress–strain curve of the frozen soil was divided into three parts:the linear,nonlinear rising,and strain softening parts.The nonlinear rising and strain softening parts were both caused by the damage attributed to the debonding between the ice particles and soil matrix,from which a rate-dependent damage evolution equation was obtained.Moreover,a damage-coupled dynamic viscoelastic constitutive model of frozen soil at high strain rate was derived.A comparison between the theoretically predicted results and the experimental ones showed that the developed dynamic viscoelastic model could well describe the dynamic mechanical behavior of frozen soil at high strain rate.展开更多
This research studies the process of 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision based on 2D medical digital images using virtual reality modelling language (VRML) and JavaScript language, with a focus on how to realize t...This research studies the process of 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision based on 2D medical digital images using virtual reality modelling language (VRML) and JavaScript language, with a focus on how to realize the dynamic concision of 3D medical model with script node and sensor node in VRML. The 3D reconstruction and concision of body internal organs can be built with such high quality that they are better than those obtained from the traditional methods. With the function of dynamic concision, the VRML browser can offer better windows for man-computer interaction in real-time environment than ever before. 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision with VRML can be used to meet the requirement for the medical observation of 3D reconstruction and have a promising prospect in the fields of medical imaging.展开更多
On the basis of shock induced experiments and the ultrasonic tests of the damaged rocks, the damage evolution relation between the attenuation coefficient of sound wave and the damage dissipated energy is described. ...On the basis of shock induced experiments and the ultrasonic tests of the damaged rocks, the damage evolution relation between the attenuation coefficient of sound wave and the damage dissipated energy is described. Based on the TCK and RDA models, a damage model which connects the shock compression and tensile damage is established. And then the damage model is implemented in LS DYNA3D dynamic nonlinear program. Numerical simulation of deep hole blasting of groove is studied by use of the damage model proposed. The rock damage evolution process and the distributing rules of stress field under the explosion load are described well fairly, which provides the theory basis for the engineering blasting design.展开更多
Block piezoelectric ceramics(PZTs)are often used in impact igniters to provide activation energy for electric initiators.Under the action of strong impact stress,PZTs release electric energy accompanied by crack initi...Block piezoelectric ceramics(PZTs)are often used in impact igniters to provide activation energy for electric initiators.Under the action of strong impact stress,PZTs release electric energy accompanied by crack initiation,propagation and crushing.At present,the electrical output performance of PZTs in projectile is usually calculated by quasi-static piezoelectric equation without considering the dynamic effect caused by strong impact and the influence of crack propagation on material properties.So the ignition parameters are always not accurately predicted.To tackle this,a PZT dynamic damage constitutive model considering crack propagation is established based on the dynamic impact test and the crack propagation theory of brittle materials.The model is then embedded into the ABAQUS subroutine and used to simulate the electromechanical response of the impact igniter during the impact of a small caliber projectile on the target.Meanwhile,the experiments of projectile with impact igniter impact on the target are carried out.The comparison between experimental and numerical simulation results show that the established dynamic damage model can effectively predict the dynamic electromechanical response of PZTs in the missile service environment.展开更多
On the basis of the statistical characteristics of fatigue cumulative damageand its critical value, a new dynamic interference model for reliability analysis is presented. Because the nonlinearity of fatigue damage ac...On the basis of the statistical characteristics of fatigue cumulative damageand its critical value, a new dynamic interference model for reliability analysis is presented. Because the nonlinearity of fatigue damage accumulation is taken into account,this model is able to predict the fatigue reliability for random spectrum loadingconveniently. To verify the predicted results, a special fatigue expenment, in which thenumber of specimen is up to 101, is conducted using a fighter spectrum loading. It isshown that the new model is reliable, practicable and better than existing models.展开更多
In this paper, according to economics of real estate and macro-control theory, combine with the characteristics of the real estate market, macro-control of the real estate market is studied. After giving the dynamic m...In this paper, according to economics of real estate and macro-control theory, combine with the characteristics of the real estate market, macro-control of the real estate market is studied. After giving the dynamic model of three-dimensional nonlinear differential equations based on the total number of houses on the real estate business, the government’s averages housing investment funds and the standard price, systematically established the stability conditions of equilibrium point for this model. What’s more, through the use of extreme value analysis model, government funds have been invested in real estate business building devotion principles and the construction base of the real estate businessmen has also been estimated successfully. This provides the corresponding theoretical basis for government macro control policy-making.展开更多
By using the technique of the split Hopkinson pressure bar（ SHPB）,impact tests at different stress wavelengths（ 0. 8-2. 0 m） and strain rates（ 20-120 s^（-1）） were conducted to study the dynamic mechanical prop...By using the technique of the split Hopkinson pressure bar（ SHPB）,impact tests at different stress wavelengths（ 0. 8-2. 0 m） and strain rates（ 20-120 s^（-1）） were conducted to study the dynamic mechanical properties and damage accumulation evolution lawof granite. Test results showthat the dynamic compressive strength and strain rate of granite have a significantly exponential correlation;the relationship between peak strain and strain rate is approximately linear,and the increase of wavelengths generally makes the level of peak strain uplift. The multiple-impacts test at a lowstrain rate indicates that at the same wavelength,the cumulative damage of granite shows an exponential increasing form with the increase of strain rate; when keeping the increase of strain rate constant and increasing the stress wavelength,the damage accumulation effect of granite is intensified and still shows an exponential increasing form; under the effect of multiple impacts,the damage development trend of granite is similar overall,but the increase rate is accelerating. Therefore the damage evolution model was established on the basis of the exponential function while the physical meaning of parameters in the model was determined. The model can reflect the effect of the wave parameters and multiple impacts. The validity of the model and the physical meaning of the parameters were verified by the test,which further offer a reference for correlational research and engineering application for the granite.展开更多
To investigate the long-term stability of deep rocks,a three-dimensional(3D)time-dependent model that accounts for excavation-induced damage and complex stress state is developed.This model comprises three main compon...To investigate the long-term stability of deep rocks,a three-dimensional(3D)time-dependent model that accounts for excavation-induced damage and complex stress state is developed.This model comprises three main components:a 3D viscoplastic isotropic constitutive relation that considers excavation damage and complex stress state,a quantitative relationship between critical irreversible deformation and complex stress state,and evolution characteristics of strength parameters.The proposed model is implemented in a self-developed numerical code,i.e.CASRock.The reliability of the model is validated through experiments.It is indicated that the time-dependent fracturing potential index(xTFPI)at a given time during the attenuation creep stage shows a negative correlation with the extent of excavationinduced damage.The time-dependent fracturing process of rock demonstrates a distinct interval effect of the intermediate principal stress,thereby highlighting the 3D stress-dependent characteristic of the model.Finally,the influence of excavation-induced damage and intermediate principal stress on the time-dependent fracturing characteristics of the surrounding rocks around the tunnel is discussed.展开更多
Low collateral damage weapons achieve controlled personnel injury through the coupling of shock waves and particle swarms,where the particle swarms arise from the high-explosive dispersion of compacted metal particle ...Low collateral damage weapons achieve controlled personnel injury through the coupling of shock waves and particle swarms,where the particle swarms arise from the high-explosive dispersion of compacted metal particle ring.To investigate the dynamic response of the human target under combined shock waves and particle swarms loading,a physical human surrogate torso model(HSTM)was developed,and the dynamic response test experiment was conducted under the combined loading.The effects of particle size on the loading parameters,the damage patterns of the ballistic plate and HSTM,and the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM with and without protection are mainly analyzed.Our findings revealed that particle swarms can effectively delay the shock wave attenuation,especially the best effect when the particle size was 0.28–0.45 mm.The ballistic plate mainly exhibited dense perforation of the outer fabric and impacted crater damage of ceramic plates,whereas the unprotected HSTM was mainly dominated by high-density and small-size ballistic cavity group damage.The peak values of the dynamic response parameters for the HSTM under combined loading were significantly larger than those under bare charge loading,with multiple peaks observed.Under unprotected conditions,the peak acceleration of skeletons and peak pressure of organs increased with the particle size.Under protected conditions,the particle size,the number of particles hit,and the fit of the ballistic plate to the HSTM together affected the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM.展开更多
The tensile-shear interactive damage(TSID)model is a novel and powerful constitutive model for rock-like materials.This study proposes a methodology to calibrate the TSID model parameters to simulate sandstone.The bas...The tensile-shear interactive damage(TSID)model is a novel and powerful constitutive model for rock-like materials.This study proposes a methodology to calibrate the TSID model parameters to simulate sandstone.The basic parameters of sandstone are determined through a series of static and dynamic tests,including uniaxial compression,Brazilian disc,triaxial compression under varying confining pressures,hydrostatic compression,and dynamic compression and tensile tests with a split Hopkinson pressure bar.Based on the sandstone test results from this study and previous research,a step-by-step procedure for parameter calibration is outlined,which accounts for the categories of the strength surface,equation of state(EOS),strain rate effect,and damage.The calibrated parameters are verified through numerical tests that correspond to the experimental loading conditions.Consistency between numerical results and experimental data indicates the precision and reliability of the calibrated parameters.The methodology presented in this study is scientifically sound,straightforward,and essential for improving the TSID model.Furthermore,it has the potential to contribute to other rock constitutive models,particularly new user-defined models.展开更多
Cast iron alloys with low production cost and quite good mechanical properties are widely used in the automotive industry.To study the mechanical behavior of a typical ductile cast iron(GJS-450)with nodular graphite,u...Cast iron alloys with low production cost and quite good mechanical properties are widely used in the automotive industry.To study the mechanical behavior of a typical ductile cast iron(GJS-450)with nodular graphite,uni-axial quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests at strain rates of 10^(-4),1,10,100,and 250 s^(-1)were carried out.In order to investigate the influence of stress state on the deformation and fracture parameters,specimens with various geometries were used in the experiments.Stress strain curves and fracture strains of the GJS-450 alloy in the strain rate range of 10^(-4)to 250 s^(-1)were obtained.A strain rate-dependent plastic flow model was proposed to describe the mechanical behavior in the corresponding strain-rate range.The available damage model was extended to take the strain rate into account and calibrated based on the analysis of local fracture strains.Simulations with the proposed plastic flow model and the damage model were conducted to observe the deformation and fracture process.The results show that the strain rate has obviously nonlinear effects on the yield stress and fracture strain of GJS-450 alloys.The predictions with the proposed plastic flow and damage models at various strain rates agree well with the experimental results,which illustrates that the rate-dependent plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of cast iron alloys at elevated strain rates.The proposed plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the deformation and fracture analysis of materials with similar properties.展开更多
For understanding the damage and failure rule of rock under different uniaxial compressive loads and dynamic loads, tests on red sandstone were carried out on Instron 1342 electro-servo controlled testing system with ...For understanding the damage and failure rule of rock under different uniaxial compressive loads and dynamic loads, tests on red sandstone were carried out on Instron 1342 electro-servo controlled testing system with different uniaxial compressive loads of 0, 2, 4 and 6 MPa. It is found that peak stress, peak strain, elastic modulus and total strain energy decrease with the increase of static compressive stress. Based on the test results, the mechanism on damage and failure of rock was analyzed, and according to the equivalent strain hypothesis, a new constitutive model of elastic-plastic damage was established, and then the calculated results with the established model were compared with test results to show a good agreement. Furthermore the rule of releasing ratio of damage strain energy was discussed.展开更多
A series of coupled static-dynamic loading tests is carried out in this study to understand the effect of slightly dynamic disturbance on the rocks under high static stress.The acoustic emission(AE)and digital image c...A series of coupled static-dynamic loading tests is carried out in this study to understand the effect of slightly dynamic disturbance on the rocks under high static stress.The acoustic emission(AE)and digital image correlation(DIC)techniques are combined to quantitatively characterize the damage and fracturing behaviors of rocks.The effects of three influencing factors,i.e.initial static stress,disturbance amplitude,and disturbance frequency,on the damage and fracturing evolution are analyzed.The experimental results reveal the great differences in AE characteristics and fracturing behaviors of rocks under static loads and coupled static-dynamic loads.Both the Kaiser effect and Felicity effect are observed during the disturbance loading process.The crack initiation,stable and unstable propagation in the highly-stressed rocks can be triggered by cyclic disturbance loads,and more local tensile splitting cracks are found in the rocks subjected to coupled static-dynamic loads.The damage and fracturing evolution of rocks during cyclic disturbances can be divided into two stages,i.e.steady and accelerated stages,and the increase rate and proportion of each stage are greatly affected by these influencing factors.High initial static stress,low disturbance frequency,and high disturbance amplitude are considered to be adverse factors to the stability of the rocks,which would induce a high increase rate of the steady stage and a high proportion of the accelerated stage within the whole disturbance period.Based on the two-stage damage evolution trend,a linear-exponential damage model is employed to predict the instability of the rocks under coupled static-dynamic loads.展开更多
The probabilistic damage identification problem with uncertainty in the FE model parameters, external-excitations and measured acceleration responses is studied. The uncertainty in the system is concerned with normall...The probabilistic damage identification problem with uncertainty in the FE model parameters, external-excitations and measured acceleration responses is studied. The uncertainty in the system is concerned with normally distributed random variables with zero mean value and given covariance. Based on the theoretical model and the measured acceleration responses, the probabilistic structural models in undamaged and damaged states are obtained by two-stage model updating, and then the Probabilities of Damage Existence （PDE） of each element are calculated as the damage criterion. The influences of the location of sensors on the damage identification results are also discussed, where one of the optimal sensor placement techniques, the effective independence method, is used to choose the nodes for measurement. The damage identification results by different numbers of measured nodes and different damage criterions are compared in the numerical example.展开更多
The dynamic model of a high-speed electric multiple unit(EMU)is established based on the theory of rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system dynamics.Depending on the actual operating conditions of the vehicle,there a...The dynamic model of a high-speed electric multiple unit(EMU)is established based on the theory of rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system dynamics.Depending on the actual operating conditions of the vehicle,there are a variety of conditions of car body load-time history.We assess ineffective amplitude omission,load spectrum extrapolation,and extreme determination through the car body load-time history,and then obtain the car body fatigue load block spectrum.Finally,we perform a fatigue strength test on the whole car body on a car body fatigue test bench.It is shown that the accelerations of the three directions of the vehicle car body increase with increasing speed.When the train passes a curve,the lateral acceleration average becomes greater.There is also an increase in the car body accelerations in three directions when the train goes through a turnout or twisted line.Under the condition of a failed spring,the vertical acceleration of the car body is obviously increased.Anti-yaw damper failure will cause a significant increase in vehicle lateral acceleration.The failure of lateral and vertical dampers on the second suspension causes an insignificant acceleration increase in three directions.The car body acceleration increases the wear-type profile relative to the original profile in various working and speed level conditions a little.The influence on the damage of vehicle car body under various working conditions is predicted according to the obtained load spectrum.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372071 and 12372070)the Aeronautical Science Fund of China(No.2022Z055052001)the Foundation of China Scholarship Council(No.202306830079)。
文摘Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12272411 and 42007259).
文摘Understanding the mesoscopic tensile fracture damage of rock is the basis of evaluating the deterioration process of mechanical properties of heat-damaged rock. For this, tensile tests of rocks under high-temperature treatment were conducted with a ϕ75 mm split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) to investigate the mesoscopic fracture and damage properties of rock. An improved scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experimental method was used to analyze the tensile fracture surfaces of rock samples. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to assess evolution of mesoscopic damage of heat-damaged rock under tensile loading. A constitutive model describing the mesoscopic fractal damage under thermo-mechanical coupling was established. The results showed that the high temperatures significantly reduced the tensile strength and fracture surface roughness of the red sandstone. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the fracture surface of the samples that experienced tensile failure at 900 °C showed a flat surface. The standard deviation of elevation and slope angle of specimen fracture surface first increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. The threshold for brittle fracture of the heat-damaged red sandstone specimens was 600 °C. Beyond this threshold temperature, local ductile fracture occurred, resulting in plastic deformation of the fracture surface during tensile fracturing. With increase of temperature, the internal meso-structure of samples was strengthened slightly at first and then deteriorated gradually, which was consistent with the change of macroscopic mechanical properties of red sandstone. The mesoscopic characteristics, such as the number, mean side length, maximum area, porosity, and fractal dimension of crack, exhibited an initial decline, followed by a gradual increase. The development of microcracks in samples had significant influence on mesoscopic fractal dimension. The mesoscopic fractal characteristics were used to establish a mesoscopic fractal damage constitutive model for red sandstone, and the agreement between the theoretical and experimental results validated the proposed model.
文摘A three-dimensional dynamic damage model that fits both small and large damage sizes is developed to predict impact damage initiation and propagation for each lamina of T300-carbon/epoxy laminations.First,13 specimens of the same lamination sequence are subjected to three different impact energies(10 J,15 J,and 20 J).After the impact,the laminates are inspected by the naked eye to observe the damage in the outer layers,and subsequently X-rayed to detect the inner damage.Next,the stress analysis of laminates subjected to impact loading is presented,based on the Hertz contact law and virtual displacement principle.Based on the analysis results,a three-dimensional dynamic damage model is proposed,including the Hou failure criteria and Camanho stiffness degradation model,to predict the impact damage shape and area.The numerical predictions of the damage shape and area show a relatively reasonable agreement with the experiments.Finally,the impact damage initiation and propagation for each lamina are investigated using this damage model,and the results improve the understanding of the impact process.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51578543)。
文摘Reinforced concrete(RC) columns are widely used as supporting structures for high-piled wharfs.The study of damage model of a RC column due to underwater explosion is a critical issue to assess the wharfs antiknock security.In this study,the dynamic response and damage model of circular RC columns subjected to underwater explosions were investigated by means of scaled-down experiment models.Experiments were carried out in a 10.0 m diameter tank with the water depth of 2.25 m,under different explosive quantities(0.025 kg-1.6 kg),stand-off distances(0.0 m-7.0 m),and detonation depths(0.25 m-2.0 m).The shock wave load and dynamic response of experiment models were measured by configuring sensors of pressure,acceleration,strain,and displacement.Then,the load distribution characteristics,time history of test data,and damage models related to present conditions were obtained and discussed.Three damage models,including bending failure,bending-shear failure and punching failure,were identified.In addition,the experie nce model of shock wave loads on the surface of a RC column was proposed for engineering application.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11472008,11202206,11402266)
文摘A new viscoplastic damage-softening constitutive model is presented. It is developed by integrating a Bodner-Partom viscoplastic model with a newdamage evolution equation. A set of ordinary differential equations（ ODEs） is formulated,and a Runge-Kutta integral method is used to get stress-strain curves given by the model. Also,stress-strain curves of a wide range of strain-rates for concrete were obtained by split Hopkinson pressure bar（ SHPB） tests. By fitting the integral stressstrain curves to the experimental ones with the least square optimization method,we determined the material parameters in our model. Some properties of the newmodel,such as strain-rate sensitivity,damage evolution characteristics,strain-rate jump effects and unloading feature,are explored.These results showthat our new model can describe dynamic behaviors of concrete very well,and our integrating-fitting-optimizing method to get material parameters is valid.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 11672253 and 11972028]the Opening Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering[grant number SKLFSE201918].
文摘The dynamic compressive deformation of frozen soil was investigated by conducting the split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)experiments at three temperatures and different high strain rates,and the dynamic stress–strain responses and failure modes of the frozen soil were analyzed.The experimental results demonstrate that the frozen soil exhibits evident dependence on the strain rate and temperature under the dynamic loading condition.The dynamic compressive stress–strain curve of the frozen soil was divided into three parts:the linear,nonlinear rising,and strain softening parts.The nonlinear rising and strain softening parts were both caused by the damage attributed to the debonding between the ice particles and soil matrix,from which a rate-dependent damage evolution equation was obtained.Moreover,a damage-coupled dynamic viscoelastic constitutive model of frozen soil at high strain rate was derived.A comparison between the theoretically predicted results and the experimental ones showed that the developed dynamic viscoelastic model could well describe the dynamic mechanical behavior of frozen soil at high strain rate.
基金Postdoctoral Fund of China (No. 2003034518), Fund of Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province (No. 2004B042), China
文摘This research studies the process of 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision based on 2D medical digital images using virtual reality modelling language (VRML) and JavaScript language, with a focus on how to realize the dynamic concision of 3D medical model with script node and sensor node in VRML. The 3D reconstruction and concision of body internal organs can be built with such high quality that they are better than those obtained from the traditional methods. With the function of dynamic concision, the VRML browser can offer better windows for man-computer interaction in real-time environment than ever before. 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision with VRML can be used to meet the requirement for the medical observation of 3D reconstruction and have a promising prospect in the fields of medical imaging.
文摘On the basis of shock induced experiments and the ultrasonic tests of the damaged rocks, the damage evolution relation between the attenuation coefficient of sound wave and the damage dissipated energy is described. Based on the TCK and RDA models, a damage model which connects the shock compression and tensile damage is established. And then the damage model is implemented in LS DYNA3D dynamic nonlinear program. Numerical simulation of deep hole blasting of groove is studied by use of the damage model proposed. The rock damage evolution process and the distributing rules of stress field under the explosion load are described well fairly, which provides the theory basis for the engineering blasting design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172232)the project of Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering(Ningbo University,China)+1 种基金Ministry of Education(CJ202206)supported by the scientific research support plan of introducing high-level talents from Shenyang Ligong University。
文摘Block piezoelectric ceramics(PZTs)are often used in impact igniters to provide activation energy for electric initiators.Under the action of strong impact stress,PZTs release electric energy accompanied by crack initiation,propagation and crushing.At present,the electrical output performance of PZTs in projectile is usually calculated by quasi-static piezoelectric equation without considering the dynamic effect caused by strong impact and the influence of crack propagation on material properties.So the ignition parameters are always not accurately predicted.To tackle this,a PZT dynamic damage constitutive model considering crack propagation is established based on the dynamic impact test and the crack propagation theory of brittle materials.The model is then embedded into the ABAQUS subroutine and used to simulate the electromechanical response of the impact igniter during the impact of a small caliber projectile on the target.Meanwhile,the experiments of projectile with impact igniter impact on the target are carried out.The comparison between experimental and numerical simulation results show that the established dynamic damage model can effectively predict the dynamic electromechanical response of PZTs in the missile service environment.
文摘On the basis of the statistical characteristics of fatigue cumulative damageand its critical value, a new dynamic interference model for reliability analysis is presented. Because the nonlinearity of fatigue damage accumulation is taken into account,this model is able to predict the fatigue reliability for random spectrum loadingconveniently. To verify the predicted results, a special fatigue expenment, in which thenumber of specimen is up to 101, is conducted using a fighter spectrum loading. It isshown that the new model is reliable, practicable and better than existing models.
文摘In this paper, according to economics of real estate and macro-control theory, combine with the characteristics of the real estate market, macro-control of the real estate market is studied. After giving the dynamic model of three-dimensional nonlinear differential equations based on the total number of houses on the real estate business, the government’s averages housing investment funds and the standard price, systematically established the stability conditions of equilibrium point for this model. What’s more, through the use of extreme value analysis model, government funds have been invested in real estate business building devotion principles and the construction base of the real estate businessmen has also been estimated successfully. This provides the corresponding theoretical basis for government macro control policy-making.
基金Supported by the National Key Technologies Research&Development Program(2017YFC0804607)the National Key Basic Research Development Plan(973 Proect)(2014CB047000)
文摘By using the technique of the split Hopkinson pressure bar（ SHPB）,impact tests at different stress wavelengths（ 0. 8-2. 0 m） and strain rates（ 20-120 s^（-1）） were conducted to study the dynamic mechanical properties and damage accumulation evolution lawof granite. Test results showthat the dynamic compressive strength and strain rate of granite have a significantly exponential correlation;the relationship between peak strain and strain rate is approximately linear,and the increase of wavelengths generally makes the level of peak strain uplift. The multiple-impacts test at a lowstrain rate indicates that at the same wavelength,the cumulative damage of granite shows an exponential increasing form with the increase of strain rate; when keeping the increase of strain rate constant and increasing the stress wavelength,the damage accumulation effect of granite is intensified and still shows an exponential increasing form; under the effect of multiple impacts,the damage development trend of granite is similar overall,but the increase rate is accelerating. Therefore the damage evolution model was established on the basis of the exponential function while the physical meaning of parameters in the model was determined. The model can reflect the effect of the wave parameters and multiple impacts. The validity of the model and the physical meaning of the parameters were verified by the test,which further offer a reference for correlational research and engineering application for the granite.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52125903)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M730367)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes of China(Grant No.CKSF2023323/YT).
文摘To investigate the long-term stability of deep rocks,a three-dimensional(3D)time-dependent model that accounts for excavation-induced damage and complex stress state is developed.This model comprises three main components:a 3D viscoplastic isotropic constitutive relation that considers excavation damage and complex stress state,a quantitative relationship between critical irreversible deformation and complex stress state,and evolution characteristics of strength parameters.The proposed model is implemented in a self-developed numerical code,i.e.CASRock.The reliability of the model is validated through experiments.It is indicated that the time-dependent fracturing potential index(xTFPI)at a given time during the attenuation creep stage shows a negative correlation with the extent of excavationinduced damage.The time-dependent fracturing process of rock demonstrates a distinct interval effect of the intermediate principal stress,thereby highlighting the 3D stress-dependent characteristic of the model.Finally,the influence of excavation-induced damage and intermediate principal stress on the time-dependent fracturing characteristics of the surrounding rocks around the tunnel is discussed.
文摘Low collateral damage weapons achieve controlled personnel injury through the coupling of shock waves and particle swarms,where the particle swarms arise from the high-explosive dispersion of compacted metal particle ring.To investigate the dynamic response of the human target under combined shock waves and particle swarms loading,a physical human surrogate torso model(HSTM)was developed,and the dynamic response test experiment was conducted under the combined loading.The effects of particle size on the loading parameters,the damage patterns of the ballistic plate and HSTM,and the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM with and without protection are mainly analyzed.Our findings revealed that particle swarms can effectively delay the shock wave attenuation,especially the best effect when the particle size was 0.28–0.45 mm.The ballistic plate mainly exhibited dense perforation of the outer fabric and impacted crater damage of ceramic plates,whereas the unprotected HSTM was mainly dominated by high-density and small-size ballistic cavity group damage.The peak values of the dynamic response parameters for the HSTM under combined loading were significantly larger than those under bare charge loading,with multiple peaks observed.Under unprotected conditions,the peak acceleration of skeletons and peak pressure of organs increased with the particle size.Under protected conditions,the particle size,the number of particles hit,and the fit of the ballistic plate to the HSTM together affected the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12272247)National Key Project(Grant No.GJXM92579)Major Research and Development Project of Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd.in the Non-Steel Field(Grant No.2021-5).
文摘The tensile-shear interactive damage(TSID)model is a novel and powerful constitutive model for rock-like materials.This study proposes a methodology to calibrate the TSID model parameters to simulate sandstone.The basic parameters of sandstone are determined through a series of static and dynamic tests,including uniaxial compression,Brazilian disc,triaxial compression under varying confining pressures,hydrostatic compression,and dynamic compression and tensile tests with a split Hopkinson pressure bar.Based on the sandstone test results from this study and previous research,a step-by-step procedure for parameter calibration is outlined,which accounts for the categories of the strength surface,equation of state(EOS),strain rate effect,and damage.The calibrated parameters are verified through numerical tests that correspond to the experimental loading conditions.Consistency between numerical results and experimental data indicates the precision and reliability of the calibrated parameters.The methodology presented in this study is scientifically sound,straightforward,and essential for improving the TSID model.Furthermore,it has the potential to contribute to other rock constitutive models,particularly new user-defined models.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12202205,U1730101)the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)via the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations‘Otto von Guericke’e.V. (AiF) (IGF-Nr.19567N)Forschungsvereinigung Automobiltechnik e.V. (FAT)。
文摘Cast iron alloys with low production cost and quite good mechanical properties are widely used in the automotive industry.To study the mechanical behavior of a typical ductile cast iron(GJS-450)with nodular graphite,uni-axial quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests at strain rates of 10^(-4),1,10,100,and 250 s^(-1)were carried out.In order to investigate the influence of stress state on the deformation and fracture parameters,specimens with various geometries were used in the experiments.Stress strain curves and fracture strains of the GJS-450 alloy in the strain rate range of 10^(-4)to 250 s^(-1)were obtained.A strain rate-dependent plastic flow model was proposed to describe the mechanical behavior in the corresponding strain-rate range.The available damage model was extended to take the strain rate into account and calibrated based on the analysis of local fracture strains.Simulations with the proposed plastic flow model and the damage model were conducted to observe the deformation and fracture process.The results show that the strain rate has obviously nonlinear effects on the yield stress and fracture strain of GJS-450 alloys.The predictions with the proposed plastic flow and damage models at various strain rates agree well with the experimental results,which illustrates that the rate-dependent plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of cast iron alloys at elevated strain rates.The proposed plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the deformation and fracture analysis of materials with similar properties.
文摘For understanding the damage and failure rule of rock under different uniaxial compressive loads and dynamic loads, tests on red sandstone were carried out on Instron 1342 electro-servo controlled testing system with different uniaxial compressive loads of 0, 2, 4 and 6 MPa. It is found that peak stress, peak strain, elastic modulus and total strain energy decrease with the increase of static compressive stress. Based on the test results, the mechanism on damage and failure of rock was analyzed, and according to the equivalent strain hypothesis, a new constitutive model of elastic-plastic damage was established, and then the calculated results with the established model were compared with test results to show a good agreement. Furthermore the rule of releasing ratio of damage strain energy was discussed.
基金the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0804203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51621006)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Z018001).
文摘A series of coupled static-dynamic loading tests is carried out in this study to understand the effect of slightly dynamic disturbance on the rocks under high static stress.The acoustic emission(AE)and digital image correlation(DIC)techniques are combined to quantitatively characterize the damage and fracturing behaviors of rocks.The effects of three influencing factors,i.e.initial static stress,disturbance amplitude,and disturbance frequency,on the damage and fracturing evolution are analyzed.The experimental results reveal the great differences in AE characteristics and fracturing behaviors of rocks under static loads and coupled static-dynamic loads.Both the Kaiser effect and Felicity effect are observed during the disturbance loading process.The crack initiation,stable and unstable propagation in the highly-stressed rocks can be triggered by cyclic disturbance loads,and more local tensile splitting cracks are found in the rocks subjected to coupled static-dynamic loads.The damage and fracturing evolution of rocks during cyclic disturbances can be divided into two stages,i.e.steady and accelerated stages,and the increase rate and proportion of each stage are greatly affected by these influencing factors.High initial static stress,low disturbance frequency,and high disturbance amplitude are considered to be adverse factors to the stability of the rocks,which would induce a high increase rate of the steady stage and a high proportion of the accelerated stage within the whole disturbance period.Based on the two-stage damage evolution trend,a linear-exponential damage model is employed to predict the instability of the rocks under coupled static-dynamic loads.
基金Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.11372025)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2012ZA51010)Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(Nos.A2120110001 and B2120110011)
文摘The probabilistic damage identification problem with uncertainty in the FE model parameters, external-excitations and measured acceleration responses is studied. The uncertainty in the system is concerned with normally distributed random variables with zero mean value and given covariance. Based on the theoretical model and the measured acceleration responses, the probabilistic structural models in undamaged and damaged states are obtained by two-stage model updating, and then the Probabilities of Damage Existence （PDE） of each element are calculated as the damage criterion. The influences of the location of sensors on the damage identification results are also discussed, where one of the optimal sensor placement techniques, the effective independence method, is used to choose the nodes for measurement. The damage identification results by different numbers of measured nodes and different damage criterions are compared in the numerical example.
基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Central Universities(No.2682019CX45),China。
文摘The dynamic model of a high-speed electric multiple unit(EMU)is established based on the theory of rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system dynamics.Depending on the actual operating conditions of the vehicle,there are a variety of conditions of car body load-time history.We assess ineffective amplitude omission,load spectrum extrapolation,and extreme determination through the car body load-time history,and then obtain the car body fatigue load block spectrum.Finally,we perform a fatigue strength test on the whole car body on a car body fatigue test bench.It is shown that the accelerations of the three directions of the vehicle car body increase with increasing speed.When the train passes a curve,the lateral acceleration average becomes greater.There is also an increase in the car body accelerations in three directions when the train goes through a turnout or twisted line.Under the condition of a failed spring,the vertical acceleration of the car body is obviously increased.Anti-yaw damper failure will cause a significant increase in vehicle lateral acceleration.The failure of lateral and vertical dampers on the second suspension causes an insignificant acceleration increase in three directions.The car body acceleration increases the wear-type profile relative to the original profile in various working and speed level conditions a little.The influence on the damage of vehicle car body under various working conditions is predicted according to the obtained load spectrum.
