Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen spec...Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen species,degranulation,and NETosis(formation of neutrophil extracellular traps[NETs]).NETs,which contain antimicrobial compounds such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),represent a strategy to combat infection.However,excessive production of NETs promotes thrombosis,diabetes mellitus,and other diseases.Therefore,investigations into the mechanisms of NETosis and the identification of modulators of this process are critical for developing strategies to address NETosis-related disorders.Here,we identified a novel NETosis inducer,human serum albumin(HSA)modified by the MPO product hypochlorous acid(HSAHOCl),whose accumulation in vivo was correlated with inflammatory processes.Using human blood neutrophils,we investigated HSAHOCl-induced NETosis and detected NET formation by flow cytometry.The results showed that the mechanism of HSAHOClinduced NETosis involved MPO,NADPH oxidase,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases(PI3Ks),and that HSAHOCl activated a reactive oxygen species-dependent suicidal type of NETosis.Moreover,HSAHOCl-induced NETosis was inhibited by an anti-HSAHOCl monoclonal antibody.Thus,our findings may facilitate the development of strategies to modulate NETosis in inflammation associated with elevated MPO activity.展开更多
Food Science and Human Wellness (FSHW ISSN:2213-4530, CN 10-1750/TS) publishes original research papers demonstrating the latest advancement of multidisciplinary subjects related to food science and human health.Topic...Food Science and Human Wellness (FSHW ISSN:2213-4530, CN 10-1750/TS) publishes original research papers demonstrating the latest advancement of multidisciplinary subjects related to food science and human health.Topics may include but not limited to: nutriology, biochemistry, microbiology, immunology and toxicology.展开更多
Food Science and Human Wellness(FSHW ISSN:2213-4530,CN 10-1750/TS)publishes original research papers demonstrating the latest advancement of multidisci plinary subjects related to food science and human health Topics ...Food Science and Human Wellness(FSHW ISSN:2213-4530,CN 10-1750/TS)publishes original research papers demonstrating the latest advancement of multidisci plinary subjects related to food science and human health Topics may include but not limited to:nutriology,bio.chemistry,microbiology,immunology and toxicology.展开更多
Lip synchronization serves as a core technology for enabling natural interactions in digital virtual humans.However,it faces challenges such as insufficient dynamic correspondence between speech and lip movements and ...Lip synchronization serves as a core technology for enabling natural interactions in digital virtual humans.However,it faces challenges such as insufficient dynamic correspondence between speech and lip movements and inadequate modeling of image details.To address these limitations,a comprehensively optimized lip synchronization framework extending the Wav2Lip architecture was proposed in this study.Firstly,based on the Wav2Lip model,a facial region extraction strategy using facial keypoints was designed,which effectively enhances the robustness of facial alignment during lip synchronization for digital virtual humans.Then,a cross-modal attention fusion module between visual and speech features was introduced to improve cross-modal information fusion,and a dynamic receptive field convolution module was developed in the generation branch to enhance the modeling performance of the lip region.Finally,experiments were conducted on the VFHQ dataset.The proposed method was compared with Wav2Lip,VideoRetalking,and DI-Net models,and its performance was evaluated using three metrics:LSE-C,CSIM,and FID.Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieves significant improvements in synchronization accuracy and image fidelity,providing an efficient and feasible solution for lip-synthesis tasks of digital virtual humans.展开更多
With the growing advancement of wireless communication technologies,WiFi-based human sensing has gained increasing attention as a non-intrusive and device-free solution.Among the available signal types,Channel State I...With the growing advancement of wireless communication technologies,WiFi-based human sensing has gained increasing attention as a non-intrusive and device-free solution.Among the available signal types,Channel State Information(CSI)offers fine-grained temporal,frequency,and spatial insights into multipath propagation,making it a crucial data source for human-centric sensing.Recently,the integration of deep learning has significantly improved the robustness and automation of feature extraction from CSI in complex environments.This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning-enhanced human sensing based on CSI.We first outline mainstream CSI acquisition tools and their hardware specifications,then provide a detailed discussion of preprocessing methods such as denoising,time–frequency transformation,data segmentation,and augmentation.Subsequently,we categorize deep learning approaches according to sensing tasks—namely detection,localization,and recognition—and highlight representative models across application scenarios.Finally,we examine key challenges including domain generalization,multi-user interference,and limited data availability,and we propose future research directions involving lightweight model deployment,multimodal data fusion,and semantic-level sensing.展开更多
The temporal pole(TP),one of the most expanded cortical regions in humans relative to other primates,plays a crucial role in human language processing.It is also one of the most structurally and functionally asymmetri...The temporal pole(TP),one of the most expanded cortical regions in humans relative to other primates,plays a crucial role in human language processing.It is also one of the most structurally and functionally asymmetric regions.However,whether the functional architecture of the TP is shared by humans and macaques is an open question.We used spectral clustering algorithms to define a cross-species fine-grained TP atlas with different anatomical connectivity patterns.We identified three similar subregions,two ventral and one dorsal,within the TP in both humans and macaques.The parcellation scheme for the TP was validated using functional gradient mapping,anatomical connectivity and resting-state functional connectivity pattern analysis,and functional characterization.Furthermore,in conjunction with the Allen Human Brain Atlas,we revealed the molecular basis for the functional connectivity patterns of each human TP subregion.In addition,we compared the hemispheric asymmetry in mean gray matter volume,anatomical connectivity fingerprints,and whole brain functional connectivity patterns to reveal the evolutionary differences in the TP and found different asymmetric patterns between humans and macaques.In conclusion,our findings reveal that the asymmetry in structure and connectivity may underpin the hemispheric functional specialization of the brain and provide a novel insight into understanding the evolutionary origin of the TP.展开更多
The brain is the most complex human organ,and commonly used models,such as two-dimensional-cell cultures and animal brains,often lack the sophistication needed to accurately use in research.In this context,human cereb...The brain is the most complex human organ,and commonly used models,such as two-dimensional-cell cultures and animal brains,often lack the sophistication needed to accurately use in research.In this context,human cerebral organoids have emerged as valuable tools offering a more complex,versatile,and human-relevant system than traditional animal models,which are often unable to replicate the intricate architecture and functionality of the human brain.Since human cerebral organoids are a state-of-the-art model for the study of neurodevelopment and different pathologies affecting the brain,this field is currently under constant development,and work in this area is abundant.In this review,we give a complete overview of human cerebral organoids technology,starting from the different types of protocols that exist to generate different human cerebral organoids.We continue with the use of brain organoids for the study of brain pathologies,highlighting neurodevelopmental,psychiatric,neurodegenerative,brain tumor,and infectious diseases.Because of the potential value of human cerebral organoids,we describe their use in transplantation,drug screening,and toxicology assays.We also discuss the technologies available to study cell diversity and physiological characteristics of organoids.Finally,we summarize the limitations that currently exist in the field,such as the development of vasculature and microglia,and highlight some of the novel approaches being pursued through bioengineering.展开更多
In the human spinal cord,astrocytes are the major glial cells.In vitro studies of human astrocytes are relatively simple.However,the straightforward nature of the in vitro environment and complex nature of the in vivo...In the human spinal cord,astrocytes are the major glial cells.In vitro studies of human astrocytes are relatively simple.However,the straightforward nature of the in vitro environment and complex nature of the in vivo environment limit comprehensive investigations into the structure and function of human astrocytes.Additionally,in vivo studies of human astrocytes are further limited by ethical issues.This means there is an urgent need to develop effective in vivo models to study the structure and function of human astrocytes.Here,we first directed human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into human spinal cord dorsal neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro,before transplanting these cells into the gray matter of the cervical spinal cord(C5-T2 segments)of naïve nude rats to create a chimeric human astrocytic rat spinal cord model.The transplanted human spinal cord dorsal neural stem/progenitor cells survived for at least 20 months in the spinal cord environment of the rats,with over 90%differentiating into human astrocytes.These human astrocytes were able to migrate caudally for long distances along the white matter towards the spinal cord.They expressed astrocytic cytoskeletal proteins and functionally-related proteins,suggesting their maturation and structural integration into the rat spinal cord.Thus,this humanized astrocyte chimeric rat spinal cord model provides a valuable tool for studying the role of human spinal cord astrocytes in various spinal diseases.展开更多
Background:Humanized mouse models are essential for studying the human immune response and antibody development.However,conventional models show limited B cell maturation and antigen-specific humoral responses.To over...Background:Humanized mouse models are essential for studying the human immune response and antibody development.However,conventional models show limited B cell maturation and antigen-specific humoral responses.To overcome these limitations,we used the NOG-EXL mice expressing human interleukin 3(IL-3)and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)to enhance myeloid and B-cell lineage differentiation.Methods:Human CD34^(+)hematopoietic stem cells(HSC)were transplanted into NOG-EXL mice to produce humanized immune systems.After immune cell reconstitution was confirmed across 12 weeks,the mice were immunized twice with inactivated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)antigens.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes were analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry to assess human immune cell subsets.Antigen-specific immunoglobulin G(IgG)production was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and virus-specific B cells were isolated using antigen-labeled recombinant protein probes.Results:Twelve weeks after transplantation of HSCs into NOG-EXL mice,they exhibited robust engraftment of human leukocytes,including T,B,and dendritic cells,compared to NOG mice.Unlike NOG mice,humanized NOG-EXL mice exhibited an increase in human IgG levels,indicating the production of human antibody responses to antigens.Humanized NOG-EXL mice were immunized twice every 2 weeks with inactivated SFTSV,and antigen-specific human antibodies against the virus were detected in the mouse sera by ELISA.Sera from SFTSV-immunized humanized mice demonstrated neutralizing activity against SFTSV,confirming the induction of functional virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.Antigen-binding IgG-positive human B cells were isolated from mouse splenocytes using recombinant protein probes.Conclusion:This model provides a valuable platform for evaluating humoral immunity and isolating B cells using high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies without genetic engineering.展开更多
The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and...The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and single-cell transcriptomics of human medial ganglionic eminence(hMGE),a pivotal source of cortical and subpallial INs,and built the trajectories of hMGE-derived cells during brain development.We identified spatiotemporally and molecularly segregated progenitor cell populations fated to produce distinct IN types.展开更多
In a world growing ever more cruel and violent as nihilism becomes generalized,a world in which the disintegration of the human assumes dimensions that threaten its very cohesion,the demand for the humanization of the...In a world growing ever more cruel and violent as nihilism becomes generalized,a world in which the disintegration of the human assumes dimensions that threaten its very cohesion,the demand for the humanization of the Western individual asserts itself as an urgent historical task.Among the institutions implicated in this process,education assumes a central role,as it is within it that wonder and critical thinking are gradually eliminated,together with the demand for shared deliberation,coherent meaning,and the tragic dimension of human existence,while an education of cruelty comes to permeate it from end to end.In order to prevent the full entrenchment of evil in the social world,from which only destruction can be expected,a decisive role could be played by caring thinking that would be coordinated with corresponding action and would come to deeply characterize the educational institution.Such a form of thinking was proposed in the second half of the twentieth century and took flesh and bones within the framework of the Philosophy for Children movement.Its contemporary application within educational practice could reactivate phronesis(practical wisdom)and contribute to enabling the Western human being to re-create themselves as a democratic human being-one who desires the creation of a world of freedom,equality,and justice,and who acts accordingly to bring it about:the creation of a compassionate and prudent world,the preservation of which would be the responsibility of all.展开更多
Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and geneti...Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and genetic mechanisms and can be derived from an individual's somatic cells(e.g.,blood or skin).This enables patient-specific paradigms for precision neurotrauma research,pa rticula rly relevant to the over 300,000 people in the United States living with chronic effects of spinal cord injury(SCI).展开更多
In the evolving global economy,China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI)holds increasing significance,specially within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Despite earlier studies have acknowledged ...In the evolving global economy,China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI)holds increasing significance,specially within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Despite earlier studies have acknowledged the role of governance quality in at-tracting Chinese OFDI,their explanatory capacity regarding human development has not received sufficient attention.This study ad-dresses this gap,investigating the relationship between Chinese OFDI and human development,emphasizing the governance quality’s moderating role.Using data from 122 BRI countries from 2004 to 2021,we employed the Panel Corrected Standard Error model through Prais-Winsten regression,complimented by robustness check via the Spatial Durbin Model.Our analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between Chinese OFDI and human development in BRI countries,indicating that Chinese investments act as cata-lysts for improved well-being.More importantly,governance quality plays a vital role in shaping this relationship,revealing that effect-ive governance enhanced the human development outcomes of OFDI.Post-hoc analysis of governance indicators,both as a composite index and individual dimensions,supported this finding.Regional heterogeneity analysis further showed that Chinese OFDI has stronger effects on Human Development Index(HDI)in Asia and Africa compared to Europe,Latin America,and Oceania.However,the moder-ating effect of governance quality seemed more prominent in Oceania and Latin America,indicating its role in fostering the benefits of Chinese investments in these regions.These findings hold implications for academia and policy,emphasizing the need for transparent,accountable,and effective governance to drive sustainable and inclusive human development within the BRI framework.展开更多
The development of pattern-based traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound preparations constitutes a core domain that represents the principle of pattern differentiation-based treatment,a hallmark of TCM.However,the ...The development of pattern-based traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound preparations constitutes a core domain that represents the principle of pattern differentiation-based treatment,a hallmark of TCM.However,the field has long been constrained by scientific and regulatory challenges in animal modeling,efficacy evaluation,and clinical positioning.This article proposes a new research and development(R&D)paradigm strategically based on human use experience(HUE)and centered on the patient as the key to overcoming these bottlenecks and achieving high-quality progress.We systematically dissect the traditional problems in this field and demonstrate the pivotal role of high-quality HUE in enabling precise clinical positioning and optimizing R&D pathways(e.g.,applying for exemptions from non-clinical studies).HUE guides the implementation of the“pattern-symptom integration”model.Furthermore,we detail the implementation of the patient-centered concept throughout the process of clinical trial design,collection of patients’experience data,clinical outcome assessment,and benefit-risk assessment.The integrative application of artificial intelligence in the R&D of pattern-based TCM drugs is also specifically explored.By synthesizing the“TCM theory,HUE,and clinical trials”evidence system,this article aims to provide a systematic strategic framework for establishing an R&D pathway that adheres to the intrinsic principles of TCM while simultaneously meeting modern scientific standards.展开更多
I was 26 the first time I travelled to China,and even now,it feels like an unexpected chapter in my life.The opportunity came out of the blue.I learned,just a month before departure,that I had been selected for a one-...I was 26 the first time I travelled to China,and even now,it feels like an unexpected chapter in my life.The opportunity came out of the blue.I learned,just a month before departure,that I had been selected for a one-month professional training programme.The news ignited a wave of excitement.For nearly two weeks,I stayed up late into the night,imagining a country I had never seen,trying to picture what China might really be like,beyond the images in books,films and media.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the levels of 12 cytokines in the cervical microenvironment and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus...Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the levels of 12 cytokines in the cervical microenvironment and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection.Methods Female patients(n=73)with HR-HPV infection were enrolled and divided into a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)group(n=33)and a non-HSIL(N-HSIL)group(n=40),which include low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and inflammation.Healthy screening subjects(n=31)with negative HR-HPV results were enrolled as a control group.We examined contemporaneous plasma and secretory cytokines from 25 study subjects to investigate the difference between systemic cytokine profiles and the local microenvironment immunity using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.The 12 cytokines from cervical secretions were compared between the three groups using the Mann-Whitney test,and logistic regression was used to analyze HSIL and N-HSIL.Results There were statistical differences in eight cytokines(IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-1β,IL-12p70,IFN-α,and IL-8)between cervical secretion and plasma of the same patient,and seven cytokines were statistically different between the control and other two groups.We selected four independent variables(TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-12p70,and IFN-α)commonly identified by univariate regression analysis and non-parametric tests for multivariate logistic regression analysis.Based on this model,HSIL could be predicted in patients with HR-HPV infection,with the area under the curve being 0.76.Conclusion The systemic cytokine profile cannot reflect the local microenvironment immunity,and the occurrence of HSIL is related to the cytokine levels in the cervical microenvironment.展开更多
In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although ...In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although intelligent rescue robots can enter hazardous environments in place of humans,smoke poses major challenges for human detection algorithms.These challenges include the attenuation of visible and infrared signals,complex thermal fields,and interference frombackground objects,all ofwhichmake it difficult to accurately identify trapped individuals.To address this problem,we propose VIF-YOLO,a visible–infrared fusion model for real-time human detection in dense smoke environments.The framework introduces a lightweight multimodal fusion(LMF)module based on learnable low-rank representation blocks to end-to-end integrate visible and infrared images,preserving fine details while enhancing salient features.In addition,an efficient multiscale attention(EMA)mechanism is incorporated into the YOLOv10n backbone to improve feature representation under low-light conditions.Extensive experiments on our newly constructedmultimodal smoke human detection(MSHD)dataset demonstrate thatVIF-YOLOachievesmAP50 of 99.5%,precision of 99.2%,and recall of 99.3%,outperforming YOLOv10n by a clear margin.Furthermore,when deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX,VIF-YOLO attains 40.6 FPS with an average inference latency of 24.6 ms,validating its real-time capability on edge-computing platforms.These results confirm that VIF-YOLO provides accurate,robust,and fast detection across complex backgrounds and diverse smoke conditions,ensuring reliable and rapid localization of individuals in need of rescue.展开更多
To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrat...To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrating groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs)delineation through optimization of hydrogeological parameters.Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations,the DITAPH model was applied in the plain areas of Quanzhou to evaluate its applicability.The model selected hydrogeological parameters(depth of groundwater,lithology of the vadose zone,topographic slope,aquifer water yield property),one climatic parameter(precipitation),and two anthropogenic parameters(land use type and population density)as assessment indicators.The results of the groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment showed that the low,relatively low,relatively high,and high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zones in the study area accounted for 5.96%,35.44%,53.74%and 4.86%of the total area,respectively.Groundwater nitrate vulnerability was most strongly influenced by human activities,followed by groundwater depth and topographic slope.The high vulnerability zone is mainly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater,whereas the relatively high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zone is primarily influenced by agricultural activities.Validation of the DITAPH model revealed a significant positive correlation between the DITAPH index(DI)and nitrate concentration(ρ(NO3−)).The results of the NVZs delineated by the DITAPH model are reliable and can serve as a tool for water resource management planning,guiding the development of targeted measures in the NVZs to prevent groundwater contamination.展开更多
Interactions between platinum complexes and human serum albumin(HSA)play crucial roles in the bioavailability and toxicology of platinum-based anticancer drugs.Platinum-intercalator hybrid pharmacophores are a novel c...Interactions between platinum complexes and human serum albumin(HSA)play crucial roles in the bioavailability and toxicology of platinum-based anticancer drugs.Platinum-intercalator hybrid pharmacophores are a novel class of DNA-targeted cytotoxic agents that show potent activity across a broad range of solid tumor cell lines.In this study,the interactions of a cytotoxic Pt-benzoxazole hybrid agent,[PtLCl]Cl(1,where L=N-(4-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(bis(2-ethylthioethyl)amino)acetamide)and its tridentate chelating platinum unit,[PtL′Cl]Cl(2,where L′=bis(2-ethylthioethyl)amine),with HSA were investigated by multiple spectroscopic methods.The results revealed that both complexes exhibited moderate HSA binding affinity(1>2),triggering conformation and microenvironmental changes of the protein and suppressing its intrinsic fluorescence via static quenching pathways.The thermodynamic parameters(ΔG°,ΔH°,ΔS°)calculated from fluorescence data at different temperatures suggested that the binding reaction between the complexes and HSA was a spontaneous process dominated by hydrophobic interactions.The binding site number indicated 1∶1 stoichiometry for both complexes at a single primary binding site on HSA.Furthermore,site marker competition assays demonstrated that complexes 1 and 2 could bind to the drug binding sites I(bromophenol blue-binding domain)and site II(ibuprofen-binding domain)on HSA,respectively.展开更多
By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achi...By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achieved a higher relative density of high-skilled labor within this sector.In contrast,Latin American economies experienced a“low-end lock-in”in manufacturing,with high-skilled labor more heavily concentrated in the service sector.To provide a unified explanation of these patterns of industrial transformation and labor allocation,this paper develops a three-sector general equilibrium model that includes basic manufacturing(BM),high-end manufacturing(HM),and services,and incorporates labor heterogeneity.The model captures how,under different development thresholds for HM,the allocation of high-skilled labor across sectors leads to two distinct structural transformation paths:from BM to HM,or from BM to services.These paths,in turn,generate different trajectories of human capital accumulation and economic growth performance.Simulation analysis shows that dynamically adjusted industrial policies are more effective than static ones,and that combining education policy with industrial policy yields better outcomes than either policy alone.This study extends theoretical research on industrial structural transformation,highlights the importance of HM for latecomer economies,and offers theoretical underpinnings and decision-making insights for advancing new industrialization and deepening integration between industrial and talent chains.展开更多
文摘Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen species,degranulation,and NETosis(formation of neutrophil extracellular traps[NETs]).NETs,which contain antimicrobial compounds such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),represent a strategy to combat infection.However,excessive production of NETs promotes thrombosis,diabetes mellitus,and other diseases.Therefore,investigations into the mechanisms of NETosis and the identification of modulators of this process are critical for developing strategies to address NETosis-related disorders.Here,we identified a novel NETosis inducer,human serum albumin(HSA)modified by the MPO product hypochlorous acid(HSAHOCl),whose accumulation in vivo was correlated with inflammatory processes.Using human blood neutrophils,we investigated HSAHOCl-induced NETosis and detected NET formation by flow cytometry.The results showed that the mechanism of HSAHOClinduced NETosis involved MPO,NADPH oxidase,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases(PI3Ks),and that HSAHOCl activated a reactive oxygen species-dependent suicidal type of NETosis.Moreover,HSAHOCl-induced NETosis was inhibited by an anti-HSAHOCl monoclonal antibody.Thus,our findings may facilitate the development of strategies to modulate NETosis in inflammation associated with elevated MPO activity.
文摘Food Science and Human Wellness (FSHW ISSN:2213-4530, CN 10-1750/TS) publishes original research papers demonstrating the latest advancement of multidisciplinary subjects related to food science and human health.Topics may include but not limited to: nutriology, biochemistry, microbiology, immunology and toxicology.
文摘Food Science and Human Wellness(FSHW ISSN:2213-4530,CN 10-1750/TS)publishes original research papers demonstrating the latest advancement of multidisci plinary subjects related to food science and human health Topics may include but not limited to:nutriology,bio.chemistry,microbiology,immunology and toxicology.
文摘Lip synchronization serves as a core technology for enabling natural interactions in digital virtual humans.However,it faces challenges such as insufficient dynamic correspondence between speech and lip movements and inadequate modeling of image details.To address these limitations,a comprehensively optimized lip synchronization framework extending the Wav2Lip architecture was proposed in this study.Firstly,based on the Wav2Lip model,a facial region extraction strategy using facial keypoints was designed,which effectively enhances the robustness of facial alignment during lip synchronization for digital virtual humans.Then,a cross-modal attention fusion module between visual and speech features was introduced to improve cross-modal information fusion,and a dynamic receptive field convolution module was developed in the generation branch to enhance the modeling performance of the lip region.Finally,experiments were conducted on the VFHQ dataset.The proposed method was compared with Wav2Lip,VideoRetalking,and DI-Net models,and its performance was evaluated using three metrics:LSE-C,CSIM,and FID.Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieves significant improvements in synchronization accuracy and image fidelity,providing an efficient and feasible solution for lip-synthesis tasks of digital virtual humans.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant U23A20310.
文摘With the growing advancement of wireless communication technologies,WiFi-based human sensing has gained increasing attention as a non-intrusive and device-free solution.Among the available signal types,Channel State Information(CSI)offers fine-grained temporal,frequency,and spatial insights into multipath propagation,making it a crucial data source for human-centric sensing.Recently,the integration of deep learning has significantly improved the robustness and automation of feature extraction from CSI in complex environments.This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning-enhanced human sensing based on CSI.We first outline mainstream CSI acquisition tools and their hardware specifications,then provide a detailed discussion of preprocessing methods such as denoising,time–frequency transformation,data segmentation,and augmentation.Subsequently,we categorize deep learning approaches according to sensing tasks—namely detection,localization,and recognition—and highlight representative models across application scenarios.Finally,we examine key challenges including domain generalization,multi-user interference,and limited data availability,and we propose future research directions involving lightweight model deployment,multimodal data fusion,and semantic-level sensing.
基金supported by the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202501AV070005 and 202201BE070001-004).
文摘The temporal pole(TP),one of the most expanded cortical regions in humans relative to other primates,plays a crucial role in human language processing.It is also one of the most structurally and functionally asymmetric regions.However,whether the functional architecture of the TP is shared by humans and macaques is an open question.We used spectral clustering algorithms to define a cross-species fine-grained TP atlas with different anatomical connectivity patterns.We identified three similar subregions,two ventral and one dorsal,within the TP in both humans and macaques.The parcellation scheme for the TP was validated using functional gradient mapping,anatomical connectivity and resting-state functional connectivity pattern analysis,and functional characterization.Furthermore,in conjunction with the Allen Human Brain Atlas,we revealed the molecular basis for the functional connectivity patterns of each human TP subregion.In addition,we compared the hemispheric asymmetry in mean gray matter volume,anatomical connectivity fingerprints,and whole brain functional connectivity patterns to reveal the evolutionary differences in the TP and found different asymmetric patterns between humans and macaques.In conclusion,our findings reveal that the asymmetry in structure and connectivity may underpin the hemispheric functional specialization of the brain and provide a novel insight into understanding the evolutionary origin of the TP.
基金supported by the Grant PID2021-126715OB-IOO financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and"ERDFA way of making Europe"by the Grant PI22CⅢ/00055 funded by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(ISCⅢ)+6 种基金the UFIECPY 398/19(PEJ2018-004965) grant to RGS funded by AEI(Spain)the UFIECPY-396/19(PEJ2018-004961)grant financed by MCIN (Spain)FI23CⅢ/00003 grant funded by ISCⅢ-PFIS Spain) to PMMthe UFIECPY 328/22 (PEJ-2021-TL/BMD-21001) grant to LM financed by CAM (Spain)the grant by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)through the PDSE program (Programa de Doutorado Sanduiche no Exterior)to VSCG financed by MEC (Brazil)
文摘The brain is the most complex human organ,and commonly used models,such as two-dimensional-cell cultures and animal brains,often lack the sophistication needed to accurately use in research.In this context,human cerebral organoids have emerged as valuable tools offering a more complex,versatile,and human-relevant system than traditional animal models,which are often unable to replicate the intricate architecture and functionality of the human brain.Since human cerebral organoids are a state-of-the-art model for the study of neurodevelopment and different pathologies affecting the brain,this field is currently under constant development,and work in this area is abundant.In this review,we give a complete overview of human cerebral organoids technology,starting from the different types of protocols that exist to generate different human cerebral organoids.We continue with the use of brain organoids for the study of brain pathologies,highlighting neurodevelopmental,psychiatric,neurodegenerative,brain tumor,and infectious diseases.Because of the potential value of human cerebral organoids,we describe their use in transplantation,drug screening,and toxicology assays.We also discuss the technologies available to study cell diversity and physiological characteristics of organoids.Finally,we summarize the limitations that currently exist in the field,such as the development of vasculature and microglia,and highlight some of the novel approaches being pursued through bioengineering.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China(STI2030-Major Projects),No.2022ZD0204700(to WW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301572(to XZ)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M731202(to XZ).
文摘In the human spinal cord,astrocytes are the major glial cells.In vitro studies of human astrocytes are relatively simple.However,the straightforward nature of the in vitro environment and complex nature of the in vivo environment limit comprehensive investigations into the structure and function of human astrocytes.Additionally,in vivo studies of human astrocytes are further limited by ethical issues.This means there is an urgent need to develop effective in vivo models to study the structure and function of human astrocytes.Here,we first directed human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into human spinal cord dorsal neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro,before transplanting these cells into the gray matter of the cervical spinal cord(C5-T2 segments)of naïve nude rats to create a chimeric human astrocytic rat spinal cord model.The transplanted human spinal cord dorsal neural stem/progenitor cells survived for at least 20 months in the spinal cord environment of the rats,with over 90%differentiating into human astrocytes.These human astrocytes were able to migrate caudally for long distances along the white matter towards the spinal cord.They expressed astrocytic cytoskeletal proteins and functionally-related proteins,suggesting their maturation and structural integration into the rat spinal cord.Thus,this humanized astrocyte chimeric rat spinal cord model provides a valuable tool for studying the role of human spinal cord astrocytes in various spinal diseases.
基金The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Grant/Award Number:2022-ER1701-00,2022-NI-041-02,2024-ER1702-00 and 2025-NI-014-00。
文摘Background:Humanized mouse models are essential for studying the human immune response and antibody development.However,conventional models show limited B cell maturation and antigen-specific humoral responses.To overcome these limitations,we used the NOG-EXL mice expressing human interleukin 3(IL-3)and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)to enhance myeloid and B-cell lineage differentiation.Methods:Human CD34^(+)hematopoietic stem cells(HSC)were transplanted into NOG-EXL mice to produce humanized immune systems.After immune cell reconstitution was confirmed across 12 weeks,the mice were immunized twice with inactivated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)antigens.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes were analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry to assess human immune cell subsets.Antigen-specific immunoglobulin G(IgG)production was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and virus-specific B cells were isolated using antigen-labeled recombinant protein probes.Results:Twelve weeks after transplantation of HSCs into NOG-EXL mice,they exhibited robust engraftment of human leukocytes,including T,B,and dendritic cells,compared to NOG mice.Unlike NOG mice,humanized NOG-EXL mice exhibited an increase in human IgG levels,indicating the production of human antibody responses to antigens.Humanized NOG-EXL mice were immunized twice every 2 weeks with inactivated SFTSV,and antigen-specific human antibodies against the virus were detected in the mouse sera by ELISA.Sera from SFTSV-immunized humanized mice demonstrated neutralizing activity against SFTSV,confirming the induction of functional virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.Antigen-binding IgG-positive human B cells were isolated from mouse splenocytes using recombinant protein probes.Conclusion:This model provides a valuable platform for evaluating humoral immunity and isolating B cells using high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies without genetic engineering.
文摘The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and single-cell transcriptomics of human medial ganglionic eminence(hMGE),a pivotal source of cortical and subpallial INs,and built the trajectories of hMGE-derived cells during brain development.We identified spatiotemporally and molecularly segregated progenitor cell populations fated to produce distinct IN types.
文摘In a world growing ever more cruel and violent as nihilism becomes generalized,a world in which the disintegration of the human assumes dimensions that threaten its very cohesion,the demand for the humanization of the Western individual asserts itself as an urgent historical task.Among the institutions implicated in this process,education assumes a central role,as it is within it that wonder and critical thinking are gradually eliminated,together with the demand for shared deliberation,coherent meaning,and the tragic dimension of human existence,while an education of cruelty comes to permeate it from end to end.In order to prevent the full entrenchment of evil in the social world,from which only destruction can be expected,a decisive role could be played by caring thinking that would be coordinated with corresponding action and would come to deeply characterize the educational institution.Such a form of thinking was proposed in the second half of the twentieth century and took flesh and bones within the framework of the Philosophy for Children movement.Its contemporary application within educational practice could reactivate phronesis(practical wisdom)and contribute to enabling the Western human being to re-create themselves as a democratic human being-one who desires the creation of a world of freedom,equality,and justice,and who acts accordingly to bring it about:the creation of a compassionate and prudent world,the preservation of which would be the responsibility of all.
基金supported by the Belle Carnell Regenerative Neurorehabilitation Fundthe National Institutes of Health(R01NS113935 to CKF)。
文摘Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and genetic mechanisms and can be derived from an individual's somatic cells(e.g.,blood or skin).This enables patient-specific paradigms for precision neurotrauma research,pa rticula rly relevant to the over 300,000 people in the United States living with chronic effects of spinal cord injury(SCI).
基金Under the auspices of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,China(No.2722021EG001)。
文摘In the evolving global economy,China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI)holds increasing significance,specially within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Despite earlier studies have acknowledged the role of governance quality in at-tracting Chinese OFDI,their explanatory capacity regarding human development has not received sufficient attention.This study ad-dresses this gap,investigating the relationship between Chinese OFDI and human development,emphasizing the governance quality’s moderating role.Using data from 122 BRI countries from 2004 to 2021,we employed the Panel Corrected Standard Error model through Prais-Winsten regression,complimented by robustness check via the Spatial Durbin Model.Our analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between Chinese OFDI and human development in BRI countries,indicating that Chinese investments act as cata-lysts for improved well-being.More importantly,governance quality plays a vital role in shaping this relationship,revealing that effect-ive governance enhanced the human development outcomes of OFDI.Post-hoc analysis of governance indicators,both as a composite index and individual dimensions,supported this finding.Regional heterogeneity analysis further showed that Chinese OFDI has stronger effects on Human Development Index(HDI)in Asia and Africa compared to Europe,Latin America,and Oceania.However,the moder-ating effect of governance quality seemed more prominent in Oceania and Latin America,indicating its role in fostering the benefits of Chinese investments in these regions.These findings hold implications for academia and policy,emphasizing the need for transparent,accountable,and effective governance to drive sustainable and inclusive human development within the BRI framework.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Clinical Evaluation Technology for Human Experience with Chinese Medicine,Science and Technology Innovation Project of Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration(2022ZDB06)the Jointly Funded Project by Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau,Research Institutes and Enterprises(2024A03j0355)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome"Unveiling the List and Taking on Leadership"Project(SKLKY2025C0013)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFC3507902).
文摘The development of pattern-based traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound preparations constitutes a core domain that represents the principle of pattern differentiation-based treatment,a hallmark of TCM.However,the field has long been constrained by scientific and regulatory challenges in animal modeling,efficacy evaluation,and clinical positioning.This article proposes a new research and development(R&D)paradigm strategically based on human use experience(HUE)and centered on the patient as the key to overcoming these bottlenecks and achieving high-quality progress.We systematically dissect the traditional problems in this field and demonstrate the pivotal role of high-quality HUE in enabling precise clinical positioning and optimizing R&D pathways(e.g.,applying for exemptions from non-clinical studies).HUE guides the implementation of the“pattern-symptom integration”model.Furthermore,we detail the implementation of the patient-centered concept throughout the process of clinical trial design,collection of patients’experience data,clinical outcome assessment,and benefit-risk assessment.The integrative application of artificial intelligence in the R&D of pattern-based TCM drugs is also specifically explored.By synthesizing the“TCM theory,HUE,and clinical trials”evidence system,this article aims to provide a systematic strategic framework for establishing an R&D pathway that adheres to the intrinsic principles of TCM while simultaneously meeting modern scientific standards.
文摘I was 26 the first time I travelled to China,and even now,it feels like an unexpected chapter in my life.The opportunity came out of the blue.I learned,just a month before departure,that I had been selected for a one-month professional training programme.The news ignited a wave of excitement.For nearly two weeks,I stayed up late into the night,imagining a country I had never seen,trying to picture what China might really be like,beyond the images in books,films and media.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2308800)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(25ZR1402053)the Key Discipline of Public Health of the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Grant No.GWVI-11.1-07).
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the levels of 12 cytokines in the cervical microenvironment and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection.Methods Female patients(n=73)with HR-HPV infection were enrolled and divided into a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)group(n=33)and a non-HSIL(N-HSIL)group(n=40),which include low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and inflammation.Healthy screening subjects(n=31)with negative HR-HPV results were enrolled as a control group.We examined contemporaneous plasma and secretory cytokines from 25 study subjects to investigate the difference between systemic cytokine profiles and the local microenvironment immunity using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.The 12 cytokines from cervical secretions were compared between the three groups using the Mann-Whitney test,and logistic regression was used to analyze HSIL and N-HSIL.Results There were statistical differences in eight cytokines(IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-1β,IL-12p70,IFN-α,and IL-8)between cervical secretion and plasma of the same patient,and seven cytokines were statistically different between the control and other two groups.We selected four independent variables(TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-12p70,and IFN-α)commonly identified by univariate regression analysis and non-parametric tests for multivariate logistic regression analysis.Based on this model,HSIL could be predicted in patients with HR-HPV infection,with the area under the curve being 0.76.Conclusion The systemic cytokine profile cannot reflect the local microenvironment immunity,and the occurrence of HSIL is related to the cytokine levels in the cervical microenvironment.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62306128the Leading Innovation Project of Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau underGrant CQ20230072+2 种基金the Basic Science Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education under Grant 23KJD520003the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Provinceunder Grant 20240101382JCthe National KeyR esearch and Development Program of China under Grant 2023YFF1105102.
文摘In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although intelligent rescue robots can enter hazardous environments in place of humans,smoke poses major challenges for human detection algorithms.These challenges include the attenuation of visible and infrared signals,complex thermal fields,and interference frombackground objects,all ofwhichmake it difficult to accurately identify trapped individuals.To address this problem,we propose VIF-YOLO,a visible–infrared fusion model for real-time human detection in dense smoke environments.The framework introduces a lightweight multimodal fusion(LMF)module based on learnable low-rank representation blocks to end-to-end integrate visible and infrared images,preserving fine details while enhancing salient features.In addition,an efficient multiscale attention(EMA)mechanism is incorporated into the YOLOv10n backbone to improve feature representation under low-light conditions.Extensive experiments on our newly constructedmultimodal smoke human detection(MSHD)dataset demonstrate thatVIF-YOLOachievesmAP50 of 99.5%,precision of 99.2%,and recall of 99.3%,outperforming YOLOv10n by a clear margin.Furthermore,when deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX,VIF-YOLO attains 40.6 FPS with an average inference latency of 24.6 ms,validating its real-time capability on edge-computing platforms.These results confirm that VIF-YOLO provides accurate,robust,and fast detection across complex backgrounds and diverse smoke conditions,ensuring reliable and rapid localization of individuals in need of rescue.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1301301)the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality(No.3502Z202472047)the Geological Survey Program of China Geological Survey(DD20190303).
文摘To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrating groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs)delineation through optimization of hydrogeological parameters.Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations,the DITAPH model was applied in the plain areas of Quanzhou to evaluate its applicability.The model selected hydrogeological parameters(depth of groundwater,lithology of the vadose zone,topographic slope,aquifer water yield property),one climatic parameter(precipitation),and two anthropogenic parameters(land use type and population density)as assessment indicators.The results of the groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment showed that the low,relatively low,relatively high,and high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zones in the study area accounted for 5.96%,35.44%,53.74%and 4.86%of the total area,respectively.Groundwater nitrate vulnerability was most strongly influenced by human activities,followed by groundwater depth and topographic slope.The high vulnerability zone is mainly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater,whereas the relatively high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zone is primarily influenced by agricultural activities.Validation of the DITAPH model revealed a significant positive correlation between the DITAPH index(DI)and nitrate concentration(ρ(NO3−)).The results of the NVZs delineated by the DITAPH model are reliable and can serve as a tool for water resource management planning,guiding the development of targeted measures in the NVZs to prevent groundwater contamination.
基金Excellent Discipline Cultivation Project of Jianghan University (2023XKZ006)Four New Disciplines Special Project of Jianghan University(2022SXZX02)Jianghan University Research Projects(2023zd037,2024zd043,2024yb105)。
文摘Interactions between platinum complexes and human serum albumin(HSA)play crucial roles in the bioavailability and toxicology of platinum-based anticancer drugs.Platinum-intercalator hybrid pharmacophores are a novel class of DNA-targeted cytotoxic agents that show potent activity across a broad range of solid tumor cell lines.In this study,the interactions of a cytotoxic Pt-benzoxazole hybrid agent,[PtLCl]Cl(1,where L=N-(4-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(bis(2-ethylthioethyl)amino)acetamide)and its tridentate chelating platinum unit,[PtL′Cl]Cl(2,where L′=bis(2-ethylthioethyl)amine),with HSA were investigated by multiple spectroscopic methods.The results revealed that both complexes exhibited moderate HSA binding affinity(1>2),triggering conformation and microenvironmental changes of the protein and suppressing its intrinsic fluorescence via static quenching pathways.The thermodynamic parameters(ΔG°,ΔH°,ΔS°)calculated from fluorescence data at different temperatures suggested that the binding reaction between the complexes and HSA was a spontaneous process dominated by hydrophobic interactions.The binding site number indicated 1∶1 stoichiometry for both complexes at a single primary binding site on HSA.Furthermore,site marker competition assays demonstrated that complexes 1 and 2 could bind to the drug binding sites I(bromophenol blue-binding domain)and site II(ibuprofen-binding domain)on HSA,respectively.
文摘By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achieved a higher relative density of high-skilled labor within this sector.In contrast,Latin American economies experienced a“low-end lock-in”in manufacturing,with high-skilled labor more heavily concentrated in the service sector.To provide a unified explanation of these patterns of industrial transformation and labor allocation,this paper develops a three-sector general equilibrium model that includes basic manufacturing(BM),high-end manufacturing(HM),and services,and incorporates labor heterogeneity.The model captures how,under different development thresholds for HM,the allocation of high-skilled labor across sectors leads to two distinct structural transformation paths:from BM to HM,or from BM to services.These paths,in turn,generate different trajectories of human capital accumulation and economic growth performance.Simulation analysis shows that dynamically adjusted industrial policies are more effective than static ones,and that combining education policy with industrial policy yields better outcomes than either policy alone.This study extends theoretical research on industrial structural transformation,highlights the importance of HM for latecomer economies,and offers theoretical underpinnings and decision-making insights for advancing new industrialization and deepening integration between industrial and talent chains.
