The operating frequency accuracy of the local oscillators is critical for the overall system performance in the communication systems.However,the high-precision oscillators could be too expensive for civil application...The operating frequency accuracy of the local oscillators is critical for the overall system performance in the communication systems.However,the high-precision oscillators could be too expensive for civil applications.In this paper,we propose a model-free adaptive frequency calibration framework for a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator(VCO)equipped with a time to digital converter(TDC),which can significantly improve the frequency accuracy of the VCO thus calibrated.The idea is to utilize a high-precision TDC to directly measure the VCO period which is then passed to a model-free method for working frequency calibration.One advantage of this method is that the working frequency calibration employs the system history of input/output(I/O)data,instead of establishing an accurate VCO voltagecontrolled oscillator model.Another advantage is the lightweight calibration method with low complexity such that it can be implemented on an MCU with limited computation capabilities.Experimental results show that the proposed calibration method can improve the frequency accuracy of a VCO from±20 ppm to±10 ppb,which indicates the promise of the modelfree adaptive frequency calibrator for VCOs.展开更多
In-flight calibration of the ze ro offset is crucial for ensuring high-precision measure ment of the spaceborne fluxgate magnetomete r.Tianwen-1 is China’s first Mars mission,and its orbiter will re main out of the s...In-flight calibration of the ze ro offset is crucial for ensuring high-precision measure ment of the spaceborne fluxgate magnetomete r.Tianwen-1 is China’s first Mars mission,and its orbiter will re main out of the solar wind for tens of days each year.Previous in-flight calibration methods might not be suitable for this orbiter during such a period.Recently,a new method was proposed by Wang GQ(2022 b),which we refer to as the Wang method Ⅱ for ease of description.Here,we test the performance of this method in the Martian magnetosheath by using magnetic field data measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN) spacecraft.We find that the accuracy of the Wang method Ⅱ is affected by the number of magnetic field subinterval events,the eigenvalues of the minimum variance analysis for each event,and the position of the spacecraft in the magnetosheath.The estimated zero offset varies over a period of~27 days and has a 57.3% probability of accuracy within 2.0 nT.After being smoothed with a temporal window of 27 days,the ze ro offset has a 48.4%(99.3%) probability of accuracy within 1.0(2.0) nT.Our tests suggest that the Wang method Ⅱ provides an option for the Tianwen-1 orbiter to perform in-flight calibration when the orbiter remains out of the solar wind for an extended pe riod of time.展开更多
A subranging analog-to-digital converter (ADC) features high-speed and relatively low-power. The limiting factors of power reduction in subranging ADCs are the resistor ladder and the comparator. We propose an ADC arc...A subranging analog-to-digital converter (ADC) features high-speed and relatively low-power. The limiting factors of power reduction in subranging ADCs are the resistor ladder and the comparator. We propose an ADC architecture combining a capacitive digital-to-analog convertor and built-in threshold calibration to eliminate the resistor ladder, resulting in a low-power subranging ADC. We also propose a calibration technique comprising of metal-oxide-metal capacitor, MOS switch, and scaling capacitor to reduce the power consumption of the comparator and an offset drift compensation technique to enable precise foreground calibration. We designed an 8-bit, 1-GHz subranging ADC by applying these techniques, and post-layout simulation results demonstrated a power consumption of 7 mW and figure of merit of 51 fJ/conv.-step.展开更多
Based on a physical understanding of nonlinearity and mismatch, a novel offset-cancellation technique for low voltage CMOS differential amplifiers is proposed. The technique transfers the offset voltage from the outpu...Based on a physical understanding of nonlinearity and mismatch, a novel offset-cancellation technique for low voltage CMOS differential amplifiers is proposed. The technique transfers the offset voltage from the output to other parts of the differential amplifier and can greatly reduce the input-referred offset voltage without extra power consumption. A 1.8V CMOS differential amplifier is implemented in 0.18μm CMOS process using the proposed technique. The simulation results show that the technique could reduce the input-referred offset voltage of the amplifier by 40% with a 20% load transistor mismatch and a 10% input differential transistor mismatch. Moreover, the proposed technique consumes the least power and achieves the highest integration among various offset-cancellation techniques.展开更多
The space-borne fluxgate magnetometer(FGM)requires regular in-flight calibration to obtain its zero offset.Recently,Wang GQ and Pan ZH(2021a)developed a new method for the zero offset calibration based on the properti...The space-borne fluxgate magnetometer(FGM)requires regular in-flight calibration to obtain its zero offset.Recently,Wang GQ and Pan ZH(2021a)developed a new method for the zero offset calibration based on the properties of Alfvén waves.They found that an optimal offset line(OOL)exists in the offset cube for a pure Alfvén wave and that the zero offset can be determined by the intersection of at least two nonparallel OOLs.Because no pure Alfvén waves exist in the interplanetary magnetic field,calculation of the zero offset relies on the selection of highly Alfvénic fluctuation events.Here,we propose an automatic procedure to find highly Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind and calculate the zero offset.This procedure includes three parts:(1)selecting potential Alfvénic fluctuation events,(2)obtaining the OOL,and(3)determining the zero offset.We tested our automatic procedure by applying it to the magnetic field data measured by the FGM onboard the Venus Express.The tests revealed that our automatic procedure was able to achieve results as good as those determined by the Davis-Smith method.One advantage of our procedure is that the selection criteria and the process for selecting the highly Alfvénic fluctuation events are simpler.Our automatic procedure could also be applied to find fluctuation events for the Davis-Smith method.展开更多
A high-linearity PGA（programmable gain amplifier） with a DC offset calibration loop is proposed.The PGA adopts a differential degeneration structure to vary voltage gain and uses the closed-loop structure including ...A high-linearity PGA（programmable gain amplifier） with a DC offset calibration loop is proposed.The PGA adopts a differential degeneration structure to vary voltage gain and uses the closed-loop structure including the input op-amps to enhance the linearity.A continuous time feedback based DC offset calibration loop is also designed to solve the DC offset problem.This PGA is fabricated by TSMC 0.13μm CMOS technology.The measurements show that the receiver PGA（RXPGA） provides a 64 dB gain range with a step of 1 dB,and the transmitter PGA（TXPGA） covers a 16 dB gain.The RXPGA consumes 18 mA and the TXPGA consumes 7 mA （I and Q path） under a 3.3 V supply.The bandwidth of the multi-stage PGA is higher than 20 MHz.In addition,the DCOC（DC offset cancellation） circuit shows 10 kHz of HPCF（high pass cutoff frequency） and the DCOC settling time is less than 0.45μs.展开更多
Beam-based BPM offset calibration was carried out for Injector II at the C-ADS demonstration facility at the Institute of Modern Physics （IMP）, Chinese Academy of Science （CAS）. By using the steering coils integra...Beam-based BPM offset calibration was carried out for Injector II at the C-ADS demonstration facility at the Institute of Modern Physics （IMP）, Chinese Academy of Science （CAS）. By using the steering coils integrated in the quadrupoles, the beam orbit can be effectively adjusted and BPM positions recorded at the Medium Energy Beam Transport of the Injector II Linac. The studies were done with a 2 mA, 2.1 MeV proton beam in pulsed mode. During the studies, the ＂null comparison method＂ was applied for the calibration. This method is less sensitive to errors compared with the traditional transmission matrix method. In addition, the quadrupole magnet＇s center can also be calibrated with this method.展开更多
A low power mixed signal DC offset calibration （DCOC） circuit for direct conversion receiver applica- tions is designed. The proposed DCOC circuit features low power consumption, fast settling time and a small die a...A low power mixed signal DC offset calibration （DCOC） circuit for direct conversion receiver applica- tions is designed. The proposed DCOC circuit features low power consumption, fast settling time and a small die area by avoiding the trade-off between loop response time and the high pass frequency of the DCOC servo loop in conventional analog DCOC systems. By applying the proposed DC offset correction circuitry, the output residue DC offset voltages are reduced to less than 38 mV and the DCOC loop settling time is less than 100 μs. The DCOC chip is fabricated in a standard 0.13μm CMOS technology and drains only 196 μA from a 1.2-V power supply with its chip area of only 0.372 ×0.419 mm^2.展开更多
文摘The operating frequency accuracy of the local oscillators is critical for the overall system performance in the communication systems.However,the high-precision oscillators could be too expensive for civil applications.In this paper,we propose a model-free adaptive frequency calibration framework for a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator(VCO)equipped with a time to digital converter(TDC),which can significantly improve the frequency accuracy of the VCO thus calibrated.The idea is to utilize a high-precision TDC to directly measure the VCO period which is then passed to a model-free method for working frequency calibration.One advantage of this method is that the working frequency calibration employs the system history of input/output(I/O)data,instead of establishing an accurate VCO voltagecontrolled oscillator model.Another advantage is the lightweight calibration method with low complexity such that it can be implemented on an MCU with limited computation capabilities.Experimental results show that the proposed calibration method can improve the frequency accuracy of a VCO from±20 ppm to±10 ppb,which indicates the promise of the modelfree adaptive frequency calibrator for VCOs.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Program (JCYJ20210324121412034)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515011698)supported by the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Mars Exploration Program
文摘In-flight calibration of the ze ro offset is crucial for ensuring high-precision measure ment of the spaceborne fluxgate magnetomete r.Tianwen-1 is China’s first Mars mission,and its orbiter will re main out of the solar wind for tens of days each year.Previous in-flight calibration methods might not be suitable for this orbiter during such a period.Recently,a new method was proposed by Wang GQ(2022 b),which we refer to as the Wang method Ⅱ for ease of description.Here,we test the performance of this method in the Martian magnetosheath by using magnetic field data measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN) spacecraft.We find that the accuracy of the Wang method Ⅱ is affected by the number of magnetic field subinterval events,the eigenvalues of the minimum variance analysis for each event,and the position of the spacecraft in the magnetosheath.The estimated zero offset varies over a period of~27 days and has a 57.3% probability of accuracy within 2.0 nT.After being smoothed with a temporal window of 27 days,the ze ro offset has a 48.4%(99.3%) probability of accuracy within 1.0(2.0) nT.Our tests suggest that the Wang method Ⅱ provides an option for the Tianwen-1 orbiter to perform in-flight calibration when the orbiter remains out of the solar wind for an extended pe riod of time.
文摘A subranging analog-to-digital converter (ADC) features high-speed and relatively low-power. The limiting factors of power reduction in subranging ADCs are the resistor ladder and the comparator. We propose an ADC architecture combining a capacitive digital-to-analog convertor and built-in threshold calibration to eliminate the resistor ladder, resulting in a low-power subranging ADC. We also propose a calibration technique comprising of metal-oxide-metal capacitor, MOS switch, and scaling capacitor to reduce the power consumption of the comparator and an offset drift compensation technique to enable precise foreground calibration. We designed an 8-bit, 1-GHz subranging ADC by applying these techniques, and post-layout simulation results demonstrated a power consumption of 7 mW and figure of merit of 51 fJ/conv.-step.
文摘Based on a physical understanding of nonlinearity and mismatch, a novel offset-cancellation technique for low voltage CMOS differential amplifiers is proposed. The technique transfers the offset voltage from the output to other parts of the differential amplifier and can greatly reduce the input-referred offset voltage without extra power consumption. A 1.8V CMOS differential amplifier is implemented in 0.18μm CMOS process using the proposed technique. The simulation results show that the technique could reduce the input-referred offset voltage of the amplifier by 40% with a 20% load transistor mismatch and a 10% input differential transistor mismatch. Moreover, the proposed technique consumes the least power and achieves the highest integration among various offset-cancellation techniques.
基金financially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Program(grant no.JCYJ2021032412141-2034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.41804157,41774171,41774167,41974205,41804157,and 41904156)+3 种基金financial support from the pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies(grant no.D020103)funded by the China National Space Administrationthe 111 Project(grant no.B18017)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetologythe Macao Foundation.
文摘The space-borne fluxgate magnetometer(FGM)requires regular in-flight calibration to obtain its zero offset.Recently,Wang GQ and Pan ZH(2021a)developed a new method for the zero offset calibration based on the properties of Alfvén waves.They found that an optimal offset line(OOL)exists in the offset cube for a pure Alfvén wave and that the zero offset can be determined by the intersection of at least two nonparallel OOLs.Because no pure Alfvén waves exist in the interplanetary magnetic field,calculation of the zero offset relies on the selection of highly Alfvénic fluctuation events.Here,we propose an automatic procedure to find highly Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind and calculate the zero offset.This procedure includes three parts:(1)selecting potential Alfvénic fluctuation events,(2)obtaining the OOL,and(3)determining the zero offset.We tested our automatic procedure by applying it to the magnetic field data measured by the FGM onboard the Venus Express.The tests revealed that our automatic procedure was able to achieve results as good as those determined by the Davis-Smith method.One advantage of our procedure is that the selection criteria and the process for selecting the highly Alfvénic fluctuation events are simpler.Our automatic procedure could also be applied to find fluctuation events for the Davis-Smith method.
文摘A high-linearity PGA（programmable gain amplifier） with a DC offset calibration loop is proposed.The PGA adopts a differential degeneration structure to vary voltage gain and uses the closed-loop structure including the input op-amps to enhance the linearity.A continuous time feedback based DC offset calibration loop is also designed to solve the DC offset problem.This PGA is fabricated by TSMC 0.13μm CMOS technology.The measurements show that the receiver PGA（RXPGA） provides a 64 dB gain range with a step of 1 dB,and the transmitter PGA（TXPGA） covers a 16 dB gain.The RXPGA consumes 18 mA and the TXPGA consumes 7 mA （I and Q path） under a 3.3 V supply.The bandwidth of the multi-stage PGA is higher than 20 MHz.In addition,the DCOC（DC offset cancellation） circuit shows 10 kHz of HPCF（high pass cutoff frequency） and the DCOC settling time is less than 0.45μs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(91426303,11525523)
文摘Beam-based BPM offset calibration was carried out for Injector II at the C-ADS demonstration facility at the Institute of Modern Physics （IMP）, Chinese Academy of Science （CAS）. By using the steering coils integrated in the quadrupoles, the beam orbit can be effectively adjusted and BPM positions recorded at the Medium Energy Beam Transport of the Injector II Linac. The studies were done with a 2 mA, 2.1 MeV proton beam in pulsed mode. During the studies, the ＂null comparison method＂ was applied for the calibration. This method is less sensitive to errors compared with the traditional transmission matrix method. In addition, the quadrupole magnet＇s center can also be calibrated with this method.
文摘A low power mixed signal DC offset calibration （DCOC） circuit for direct conversion receiver applica- tions is designed. The proposed DCOC circuit features low power consumption, fast settling time and a small die area by avoiding the trade-off between loop response time and the high pass frequency of the DCOC servo loop in conventional analog DCOC systems. By applying the proposed DC offset correction circuitry, the output residue DC offset voltages are reduced to less than 38 mV and the DCOC loop settling time is less than 100 μs. The DCOC chip is fabricated in a standard 0.13μm CMOS technology and drains only 196 μA from a 1.2-V power supply with its chip area of only 0.372 ×0.419 mm^2.
