[Objectives]To explore the methods for identifying pure honey.[Methods]Using 35 batches of Jiulongteng honey sourced from various production areas in Guangxi as the research subjects,this study investigated the chromo...[Objectives]To explore the methods for identifying pure honey.[Methods]Using 35 batches of Jiulongteng honey sourced from various production areas in Guangxi as the research subjects,this study investigated the chromogenic reactions of starch and dextrin,as well as the comparative study of thin-layer chromatography of oligosaccharides present in Jiulongteng honey.[Results]None of the 35 batches of Jiulongteng honey samples exhibited blue(indicating starch),green,or reddish-brown(indicating dextrin)coloration,suggesting that no adulterants such as artificially added starch,dextrin,or sugar were present in these samples.Furthermore,none of the 35 batches displayed additional spots below the corresponding positions of the control,indicating that the sugar composition was consistent with the oligosaccharide profile of natural honey.No components inconsistent with the oligosaccharide profile of natural honey were detected.Therefore,it can be concluded that the Jiulongteng honey samples in this experiment were pure and free from adulteration with starch,dextrin,or other sugar substances.[Conclusions]The method employed in this experiment is straightforward and quick to implement,effectively preventing adulterated honey from entering the market.It enhances the efficiency of quality control for Jiulongteng honey and promotes the healthy development of the Jiulongteng honey industry.展开更多
Based on the study of the distribution of intra-platform shoals and the characteristics of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Gaoshiti–Moxi area of the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the control...Based on the study of the distribution of intra-platform shoals and the characteristics of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Gaoshiti–Moxi area of the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the controlling factors of reservoir development were analyzed,and the formation model of“intra-platform shoal thin-layer dolomite reservoir”was established.The Qixia Formation is a regressive cycle from bottom to top,in which the first member(Qi1 Member)develops low-energy open sea microfacies,and the second member(Qi2 Member)evolves into intra-platform shoal and inter-shoal sea with decreases in sea level.The intra-platform shoal is mainly distributed near the top of two secondary shallowing cycles of the Qi2 Member.The most important reservoir rock of the Qixia Formation is thin-layer fractured-vuggy dolomite,followed by vuggy dolomite.The semi-filled saddle dolomite is common in fracture-vug,and intercrystalline pores and residual dissolution pores combined with fractures to form the effective pore-fracture network.Based on the coupling analysis of sedimentary and diagenesis characteristics,the reservoir formation model of“pre-depositional micro-paleogeomorphology controlling shoal,sedimentary shoal controlling dolomite,penecontemporaneous dolomite benefiting preservation of pores,and late hydrothermal action effectively improving reservoir quality”was systematically established.The“first-order high zone”micro-paleogeomorphology before the deposition of the Qixia Formation controlled the development of large area of intra-platform shoals in Gaoshiti area during the deposition of the Qi2 Member.Shoal facies is the basic condition of early dolomitization,and the distribution range of intra-platform shoal and dolomite reservoir is highly consistent.The grain limestone of shoal facies is transformed by two stages of dolomitization.The penecontemporaneous dolomitization is conducive to the preservation of primary pores and secondary dissolved pores.The burial hydrothermal fluid enters the early dolomite body along the fractures associated with the Emeishan basalt event,makes it recrystallized into medium–coarse crystal dolomite.With the intercrystalline pores and the residual vugs after the hydrothermal dissolution along the fractures,the high-quality intra-platform shoal-type thin-layer dolomite reservoirs are formed.The establishment of this reservoir formation model can provide important theoretical support for the sustainable development of Permian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.展开更多
Super-heavy oil is a significant unconventional energy source,and more than 30 years of research have shown that steam-assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology is suitable for thick super-heavy oil reservoirs.Recentl...Super-heavy oil is a significant unconventional energy source,and more than 30 years of research have shown that steam-assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology is suitable for thick super-heavy oil reservoirs.Recently,more and more thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs have been discovered in China,while their deep buried depth and serous heterogeneity make the existing SAGD technology difficult to apply,so it is urgent to improve the existing SAGD technology for the thin-layer super-heavy oil.To this end,this paper focuses on the enlightenment of field application in SAGD technology.Firstly,based on typical SAGD field projects,the development history of SAGD technology in the world was reviewed,and the influence of reservoir physical properties on the application of SAGD technology in thin-layer superheavy oil reservoirs was analyzed.Secondly,the well pattern,wellbore structure,pre-heating,artificial lift,and monitor technique of SAGD were detailed described,and their adjustment direction was expounded for the development of thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs.Lastly,the gas-and solventassistant SAGD were comprehensively evaluated,and their application potential in thin-layer superheavy oil reservoirs was studied.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the application of SAGD technology in thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs.展开更多
Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reductio...Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria,including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers（Bacillus spp.）and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers（Acinetobacter spp.）.The results showed that the total nitrogen（TN）reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite（with thickness of about 2 mm）reached a maximum（56.69%）at day 34,and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34.There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control（t-test;p〈0.05）.The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability.Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth.However,both dissolved oxygen（DO）and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth.In particular,DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth.Therefore,BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river.However,it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions.展开更多
In this study,a high performance thin-layer chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry QDa(HPTLC-QDa)method for robust authentication of Ganoderma lucidum,a popular and valuable herbal medicine,has been develo...In this study,a high performance thin-layer chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry QDa(HPTLC-QDa)method for robust authentication of Ganoderma lucidum,a popular and valuable herbal medicine,has been developed.This method is simple and practical,which allows direct generation of characteristic mass spectra from the HPTLC plates automatically with the application of in situ solvent desorption interface.The HPTLC silica gel plates were developed with toluene-ethyl formate-formic acid(5:5:0.2,V/V)and all bands were transferred to QDa system directly in situ using 80%methanol with 0.1%formic acid as desorption solvent.The acquired HPTLC-QDa spectra showed that luminous yellow band b3,containing ganoderic acid B/G/H and ganodeneric acid B,the major active components of Ganoderma,could be found only in G.lucidum and G.lucidum(Antler-shaped),but not in G.sinense and G.applanatum.Moreover,bands b13 and b14 with m/z 475/477 and m/z 475/491/495,respectively,could be detected in G.lucidum(Antler-shaped),but not in G.lucidum,thus allowing simple and robust authentication of G.lucidum with confused species.This method is proved to be simple,practical and reproducible,which can be extended to analyze other herbal medicines.展开更多
Since the adverse factors such as deficient penetration and long reaction time have restricted the complete microwave-used drying of municipal sludge, the microwave-induced drying is considered, which has advantages i...Since the adverse factors such as deficient penetration and long reaction time have restricted the complete microwave-used drying of municipal sludge, the microwave-induced drying is considered, which has advantages in such aspects. The investigation of the microwave-induced drying to uncover the mechanism bears great meaning for its development and utilization. The effects of temperature and microwave cracking in municipal sewage sludge drying characteristics are stud- ied through municipal sewage sludge drying experiment. Experiments shows that higher drying temperature would lead to a more acutely changing drying rate （DR）. The DR had increased from 0.005 g/（g.min） to 0.060 g/（g·min）, which was 12 times enlarged, while the temperature rose from 70℃ to 160 ℃. The higher the temperature was, the earlier the peak value of DR appeared. The experiments indicated that the temperature was the decisive factor affecting the DR. The microwave-induced sludge reached the highest DR at the moisture rate （MR） of 40%, with a 20% grade promotion compared with that of the original one. The molecular fracture caused by microwave radiation had obviously accelerated the drying process and the DR was rising in proportion to the microwave radiation dose. The diffusion coefficient had been calculated according to Fick＇s law. In com- parison to that of the original one, the diffusion coefficient of microwave-induced sludge was obviously enlarged more than two times. By fit examinations, Model Weibull was proven to be the most fit one for thermal thin-layer drying of municipal sludge. By means of Arrhenius equation, the obtained average activation energy of municipal sludge was 37.1 kJ/（mol·K）.展开更多
The construction and characteristics of a microscale long-optical-path electrochemi- cal cell with a plug-in thin-layer electrode are described.Using ferricyanide as the test species,the thermodynamic parameters of el...The construction and characteristics of a microscale long-optical-path electrochemi- cal cell with a plug-in thin-layer electrode are described.Using ferricyanide as the test species,the thermodynamic parameters of electron transfer processes are determined at car- bon,plantinum,and gold electrodes.展开更多
Quantitative thickness estimation of thin-layer is a great challenge in seismic exploration, especially for thin-layer below tuning thickness. In this article, we analyzed the seismic response cha- racteristics of rhy...Quantitative thickness estimation of thin-layer is a great challenge in seismic exploration, especially for thin-layer below tuning thickness. In this article, we analyzed the seismic response cha- racteristics of rhythm and gradual type of thin-layer wedge models and presented a new method for thin-layer thickness estimation which uses relative peak frequency increment. This method can de- scribe the peak frequency to thickness relationship of rhythm and gradual thin-layers in unified equa- tion while the traditional methods using amplitude information cannot. What＇s more, it won＇t be in- fluenced by the absolute value of thin-layer reflection coefficient and peak frequency of wavelet. The unified equations were presented which can be used for rhythm and gradual thin-layer thickness cal- culation. Model tests showed that the method we introduced has a high precision and it doesn＇t need to determine the value of top or bottom reflection coefficient, so it has a more wide application in practice. The application of real data demonstrated that the relative peak frequency increment attribute can character the plane distribution feature and thickness characteristic of channel sand bodies very well.展开更多
The electrooxidation behavior of 3, 3′,5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) was investigated using a platinum minigrid optically transparent thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell. TMB underwent one two-electron electroo...The electrooxidation behavior of 3, 3′,5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) was investigated using a platinum minigrid optically transparent thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell. TMB underwent one two-electron electrooxidation process to yield quinonediimine in the pH range from 2.0 to < 4.0, and two consecutive one-electron electrooxidation processes, gave the mediate product free radical of TMB first, then gave the oxidation product quinonediimine in the pH range from 4.0 to < 7.0. In the pH range from 7.0 to 10.0, the electrooxidation of TMB was also one two-electron electrooxidation process to yield an azo compound. The formal potential E0'and the electron transfer number of the electrooxidation of TMB at pH 2.0 and pH 8.4 were determined by spectroelectrochemical techniques.展开更多
ABSTRACT A quantitative method for the assay of free cholesterol has been described in this paper. The experimental conditions for the determination of cholesterol in serum by Thin-layer chromatography were disscused....ABSTRACT A quantitative method for the assay of free cholesterol has been described in this paper. The experimental conditions for the determination of cholesterol in serum by Thin-layer chromatography were disscused. The solvent System was petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (8o:20:1) and the spra-ying reagent was a solution of sulphuric acid and vanillin. Under the selected con-ditions, the peak area was linearly related to the cholesterol amount for the range between 80～700 ng per spot. The intraplate and interplate coefficients were 2.4% and 7.4% respectively. The recovery of cholesterol was 101.6%. The method presented was simple, rapid and accurate. The results of experi-mental investigation and clinical application were satisfactory.展开更多
The integration of the photocatalytic effect into solar steam is highly desirable for addressing freshwater shortages and water pollution.Here,a ternary film structure for the adsorption and photothermal and photocata...The integration of the photocatalytic effect into solar steam is highly desirable for addressing freshwater shortages and water pollution.Here,a ternary film structure for the adsorption and photothermal and photocatalytic treatment of wastewater was designed by combining the technique of self-assembled carbon nano paper with a nitrogen composite titanium dioxide(N-TiO_(2))deposited on the surface of carbon nanotubes(CNT)using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)as a substrate.The photogeneration of reactive oxygen species can be promoted by rapid oxygen diffusion at the three-phase interface,whereas the interfacial photothermal effect promotes subsequent free radical reactions for the degradation of rhodamine B(93%).The freshwater evaporation rate is 1.35 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)and the solar-to-water evaporation efficiency is 94%.Importantly,the N-TiO_(2)/CNT/PVDF(N-TCP)film not only effectively resists mechanical damage from the environment and maintains structural integrity,but can also be made into a large film for outdoor experiments in a large solar energy conversion device to collect fresh water from polluted water and degrade organic dyes in source water simultaneously,opening the way for applications in energy conversion and storage.展开更多
The holistic characterization and quality control of all the medicinal herbs of proprietary Chinese medicines(PCMs)are of great significance to ensure their safety,efficacy,and consistency.Thin-layer chromatography(TL...The holistic characterization and quality control of all the medicinal herbs of proprietary Chinese medicines(PCMs)are of great significance to ensure their safety,efficacy,and consistency.Thin-layer chromatography(TLC),a simple and classic approach for qualitatively characterizing and examining quality markers of natural products,has been widely used in the characterization and quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.Zaoren Anshen(ZRAS)capsule,prepared from three medicinal herbs of fried Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma,and vinegar-processed Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus,is a famous PCM in China for the treatment of insomnia,amnesia,and dizziness in clinical practice.However,no effective method is available so far for simultaneous identification and examination of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule.In the present study,we developed a TLC method via twice-development and visualization by UV light or chromogenic agent,which could be used for simultaneous qualitative identification of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule in one plate.Moreover,the sample preparation method was optimized.The developed TLC method was rapid,simple,low-cost,and effective,and thus it could be used for quality control of ZRAS capsule.展开更多
The current study is designed to evaluate certain immunocytochemical(ICC)biomarkers to gain a better cytodiagnosis.For this purpose,85 patients from March 2016 to March 2019 who planned to get a hysteroscopy assay wer...The current study is designed to evaluate certain immunocytochemical(ICC)biomarkers to gain a better cytodiagnosis.For this purpose,85 patients from March 2016 to March 2019 who planned to get a hysteroscopy assay were recruited.Cytological sampling was conducted by scratching the uterus cavity using SAP-1,and the samples were processed as liquid-based smears,using SurePath technology.36 patients diagnosed with EC or atypical endometrial hyperplasia were recruited in this study.33 cases were diagnosed with EC,and 3 cases were diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia,allocated with EC or precancerous lesions group.26 cases were diagnosed with benign lesions group.Among these cases,9 cases were diagnosed with endometrial simple hyperplasia,2 cases were diagnosed with complicated hyperplasia,5 cases were diagnosed with an irregular proliferation of endometrium and 10 cases were diagnosed with endometrial polyps.There were 23 cases in the healthy group.Staining in thin-layer endometrial preparations by ICC and using H-score or counting the percentage of stained cells.The presentation of PTEN in normal endometrium,benign lesions,and EC/precancerous lesions were different(p<0.01).Taking the cut-off value of 50(Youden’s index:0.698)PTEN expression for the diagnosis of EC/precancerous lesion,the sensitivity and specificity were 83.7%and 86.1%.The presentation of Ki-67 in normal endometrium,benign lesions,and EC/precancerous lesions were different(p<0.01).Taking the cut-off value of 15%(Youden’s index:0.76)Ki-67 expression for the diagnosis of EC/precancerous lesion,the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4%and 81.6%.In this study,the use of different cut-off values for Ki-67 and PTEN helped differentiate endometrial lesions.Immunocytochemistry in the ECT detection of PTEN and Ki-67 can improve the diagnostic capabilities of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions.展开更多
This work proposes a new plasma super-phase gradient metasurfaces(PS-PGMs)structure,owing to the limitations of the thin-layer plasma for electromagnetic wave attenuation.Based on the cross-shaped surface unit configu...This work proposes a new plasma super-phase gradient metasurfaces(PS-PGMs)structure,owing to the limitations of the thin-layer plasma for electromagnetic wave attenuation.Based on the cross-shaped surface unit configuration,we have designed the X-band absorbing structure through the dispersion control method.By setting up the Drude dispersion model in the computer simulation technology,the designed phase gradient metasurfaces structure is superposed over the plasma,and the PS-PGMs structure is constructed.The electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the new structure have been simulated,and the reflectance measurement has been carried out to verify the absorbing effect.The results demonstrate that the attenuation effect of the new structure is superior to that of the pure plasma structure,which invokes an improved attenuation effect from the thin layer plasma,thus enhancing the feasibility of applying the plasma stealth technology to the local stealth of the strong scattering part of a combat aircraft.展开更多
[Objectives] The aim was to determine the moisture,ash and extract contents in Leontopodium franchetii Beauv. from different localities. [Methods] The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract in L...[Objectives] The aim was to determine the moisture,ash and extract contents in Leontopodium franchetii Beauv. from different localities. [Methods] The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract in L. franchetii from different localities were determined according to the methods described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 Edition). [Results] In the 10 samples,the contents of moisture were all less than or equal to 15. 0%; the contents of total ash were all below 12. 0%; and the contents of acid-insoluble ash were all less than 3. 0%. The contents of water-soluble extract( by cold-soaked extraction method) in the samples were all below 12. 0% except those from Hongyuan Prairie of Sichuan Province and Xinglong Mountain in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province. [Conclusions]The contents of the four indicators measured in this experiment varied by small margins,indicating that the quality was relatively stable. This study provides theoretical data for the revision of the quality standards for L. franchetii.展开更多
Five phospholipids in human placenta were determined by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(31)P NMR)spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography(TLC) scanning combined with the corrective method of absorbance pr...Five phospholipids in human placenta were determined by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(31)P NMR)spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography(TLC) scanning combined with the corrective method of absorbance proportional coefficient. The NMR spectrometer used this investigation was a Bruker AM-500 spectrometer operating at 202.4 MHz for ^(31)P chemical shifts are relative to 85% phosphoric acid. TIC was carried out by silica gel H plate developed in chloroform-methanol-glacial acetic acid-ethanol-water(25:4:6:2:0.5),with Vaskovsky reagent as colour -developing agent of phospholipids.展开更多
An in-situ optically transparent thin-layer microscopic FTIR spectroelectro- chemical cell was constructed.Using this cell,we characterize a concentration-distance profile in the electrochemical diffusion thin-layer b...An in-situ optically transparent thin-layer microscopic FTIR spectroelectro- chemical cell was constructed.Using this cell,we characterize a concentration-distance profile in the electrochemical diffusion thin-layer by in-situ adjusting the focal point at different distances to the electrode surface.展开更多
[Objectives]This paper aims to establish thin-layer identification and content determination method for Laggera alata(D.Don)Sch.Bip.ex Oliv.with chlorogenic acid as the index component and compare the content of chlor...[Objectives]This paper aims to establish thin-layer identification and content determination method for Laggera alata(D.Don)Sch.Bip.ex Oliv.with chlorogenic acid as the index component and compare the content of chlorogenic acid in L.alata from different places in Guangxi.[Methods]Silica gel GF254 thin-layer plate was used for identification under an ultraviolet lamp(365 nm),with butyl acetate-formic acid-water(V∶V∶V=7∶2.5∶2.5)as a developing agent.The content of chlorogenic acid was determined under the following chromatographic conditions:column,Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase,methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid(28∶72);detection wavelength,329 nm;flow rate,1.0 mL/min;column temperature,25℃;and injection volume,10μL.[Results]Chlorogenic acid can be detected by thin layer chromatography with clear spot and good specificity.Chlorogenic acid showed a good linear relationship in the injection amount range of 0.099-0.99μg(R^(2)=0.9999).The content of chlorogenic acid in L.alata varied greatly among the 10 different producing areas in Guangxi.L.alata produced in Dee Township,Longlin,Baise,Guangxi showed the highest chlorogenic acid content,and that produced in Shangsi County and Pingle County showed the lowest chlorogenic acid content.[Conclusions]This method can effectively identify L.alata and accurately determine the content of chlorogenic acid,thereby providing a scientific basis for the development and utilization of L.alata resources.展开更多
A newly designed quinazoline based compound, 6-pyridin-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline (PDBIQ) has shown the ability for the easy detection of nineteen amino acids on thin-layer chromatography pl...A newly designed quinazoline based compound, 6-pyridin-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline (PDBIQ) has shown the ability for the easy detection of nineteen amino acids on thin-layer chromatography plates as a spray reagent. This new reagent enabled to produce various distinguishable colors with amino acids with different RF values. The detection limits and the binding ability of PDBIQ with amino acids have been calculated. PDBIQ is also able to detect aminoacids from hydrolised seed protein. The title compound also exhibited profound inhibitory action against some gm (+ve) and gm (-ve) bacterial organisms. This paper deals with synthesis, spectroscopic application and biological evaluation of the organic moity.展开更多
基金Supported by Enhancement Project of Basic Scientific Research Ability of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities(2020KY07040)School-level Scientific Research Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2024QN022)Self-financed Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GXZYL20240818).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the methods for identifying pure honey.[Methods]Using 35 batches of Jiulongteng honey sourced from various production areas in Guangxi as the research subjects,this study investigated the chromogenic reactions of starch and dextrin,as well as the comparative study of thin-layer chromatography of oligosaccharides present in Jiulongteng honey.[Results]None of the 35 batches of Jiulongteng honey samples exhibited blue(indicating starch),green,or reddish-brown(indicating dextrin)coloration,suggesting that no adulterants such as artificially added starch,dextrin,or sugar were present in these samples.Furthermore,none of the 35 batches displayed additional spots below the corresponding positions of the control,indicating that the sugar composition was consistent with the oligosaccharide profile of natural honey.No components inconsistent with the oligosaccharide profile of natural honey were detected.Therefore,it can be concluded that the Jiulongteng honey samples in this experiment were pure and free from adulteration with starch,dextrin,or other sugar substances.[Conclusions]The method employed in this experiment is straightforward and quick to implement,effectively preventing adulterated honey from entering the market.It enhances the efficiency of quality control for Jiulongteng honey and promotes the healthy development of the Jiulongteng honey industry.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172177)CNPC Scientific Research and Technological Development Project(2021DJ05)PetroChina-Southwest University of Petroleum Innovation Consortium Project(2020CX020000).
文摘Based on the study of the distribution of intra-platform shoals and the characteristics of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Gaoshiti–Moxi area of the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the controlling factors of reservoir development were analyzed,and the formation model of“intra-platform shoal thin-layer dolomite reservoir”was established.The Qixia Formation is a regressive cycle from bottom to top,in which the first member(Qi1 Member)develops low-energy open sea microfacies,and the second member(Qi2 Member)evolves into intra-platform shoal and inter-shoal sea with decreases in sea level.The intra-platform shoal is mainly distributed near the top of two secondary shallowing cycles of the Qi2 Member.The most important reservoir rock of the Qixia Formation is thin-layer fractured-vuggy dolomite,followed by vuggy dolomite.The semi-filled saddle dolomite is common in fracture-vug,and intercrystalline pores and residual dissolution pores combined with fractures to form the effective pore-fracture network.Based on the coupling analysis of sedimentary and diagenesis characteristics,the reservoir formation model of“pre-depositional micro-paleogeomorphology controlling shoal,sedimentary shoal controlling dolomite,penecontemporaneous dolomite benefiting preservation of pores,and late hydrothermal action effectively improving reservoir quality”was systematically established.The“first-order high zone”micro-paleogeomorphology before the deposition of the Qixia Formation controlled the development of large area of intra-platform shoals in Gaoshiti area during the deposition of the Qi2 Member.Shoal facies is the basic condition of early dolomitization,and the distribution range of intra-platform shoal and dolomite reservoir is highly consistent.The grain limestone of shoal facies is transformed by two stages of dolomitization.The penecontemporaneous dolomitization is conducive to the preservation of primary pores and secondary dissolved pores.The burial hydrothermal fluid enters the early dolomite body along the fractures associated with the Emeishan basalt event,makes it recrystallized into medium–coarse crystal dolomite.With the intercrystalline pores and the residual vugs after the hydrothermal dissolution along the fractures,the high-quality intra-platform shoal-type thin-layer dolomite reservoirs are formed.The establishment of this reservoir formation model can provide important theoretical support for the sustainable development of Permian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Grant Nos.CUGGC09 and CUG200637)Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)),Ministry of Education(Grant No.19CX05005A-201)the Sinopec Science and Technology Department(Grant Nos.P2006 and 33550000-21-ZC0611-0006)。
文摘Super-heavy oil is a significant unconventional energy source,and more than 30 years of research have shown that steam-assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology is suitable for thick super-heavy oil reservoirs.Recently,more and more thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs have been discovered in China,while their deep buried depth and serous heterogeneity make the existing SAGD technology difficult to apply,so it is urgent to improve the existing SAGD technology for the thin-layer super-heavy oil.To this end,this paper focuses on the enlightenment of field application in SAGD technology.Firstly,based on typical SAGD field projects,the development history of SAGD technology in the world was reviewed,and the influence of reservoir physical properties on the application of SAGD technology in thin-layer superheavy oil reservoirs was analyzed.Secondly,the well pattern,wellbore structure,pre-heating,artificial lift,and monitor technique of SAGD were detailed described,and their adjustment direction was expounded for the development of thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs.Lastly,the gas-and solventassistant SAGD were comprehensively evaluated,and their application potential in thin-layer superheavy oil reservoirs was studied.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the application of SAGD technology in thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program(No.2012BAC04B02)the National Natural Science Fund of China(No.51408243)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2015J01213)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.11QZR07)the Science and Technology Plan Fund of Quanzhou City(No.2014Z218)the Research Funds of Huaqiao University(No.14BS216)
文摘Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria,including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers（Bacillus spp.）and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers（Acinetobacter spp.）.The results showed that the total nitrogen（TN）reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite（with thickness of about 2 mm）reached a maximum（56.69%）at day 34,and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34.There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control（t-test;p〈0.05）.The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability.Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth.However,both dissolved oxygen（DO）and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth.In particular,DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth.Therefore,BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river.However,it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFC1711000 and 2018YFC1707900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8200140730)Qi-Huang Scholar of National Traditional Chinese Medicine Leading Talents Support Program(2018)。
文摘In this study,a high performance thin-layer chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry QDa(HPTLC-QDa)method for robust authentication of Ganoderma lucidum,a popular and valuable herbal medicine,has been developed.This method is simple and practical,which allows direct generation of characteristic mass spectra from the HPTLC plates automatically with the application of in situ solvent desorption interface.The HPTLC silica gel plates were developed with toluene-ethyl formate-formic acid(5:5:0.2,V/V)and all bands were transferred to QDa system directly in situ using 80%methanol with 0.1%formic acid as desorption solvent.The acquired HPTLC-QDa spectra showed that luminous yellow band b3,containing ganoderic acid B/G/H and ganodeneric acid B,the major active components of Ganoderma,could be found only in G.lucidum and G.lucidum(Antler-shaped),but not in G.sinense and G.applanatum.Moreover,bands b13 and b14 with m/z 475/477 and m/z 475/491/495,respectively,could be detected in G.lucidum(Antler-shaped),but not in G.lucidum,thus allowing simple and robust authentication of G.lucidum with confused species.This method is proved to be simple,practical and reproducible,which can be extended to analyze other herbal medicines.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China （50930006） Acknowledgment The authors thank Shenzhen Water Group Co., Ltd. （China） for their support for this project and also Si Yaohui, Ph.D., for his assistance.
文摘Since the adverse factors such as deficient penetration and long reaction time have restricted the complete microwave-used drying of municipal sludge, the microwave-induced drying is considered, which has advantages in such aspects. The investigation of the microwave-induced drying to uncover the mechanism bears great meaning for its development and utilization. The effects of temperature and microwave cracking in municipal sewage sludge drying characteristics are stud- ied through municipal sewage sludge drying experiment. Experiments shows that higher drying temperature would lead to a more acutely changing drying rate （DR）. The DR had increased from 0.005 g/（g.min） to 0.060 g/（g·min）, which was 12 times enlarged, while the temperature rose from 70℃ to 160 ℃. The higher the temperature was, the earlier the peak value of DR appeared. The experiments indicated that the temperature was the decisive factor affecting the DR. The microwave-induced sludge reached the highest DR at the moisture rate （MR） of 40%, with a 20% grade promotion compared with that of the original one. The molecular fracture caused by microwave radiation had obviously accelerated the drying process and the DR was rising in proportion to the microwave radiation dose. The diffusion coefficient had been calculated according to Fick＇s law. In com- parison to that of the original one, the diffusion coefficient of microwave-induced sludge was obviously enlarged more than two times. By fit examinations, Model Weibull was proven to be the most fit one for thermal thin-layer drying of municipal sludge. By means of Arrhenius equation, the obtained average activation energy of municipal sludge was 37.1 kJ/（mol·K）.
文摘The construction and characteristics of a microscale long-optical-path electrochemi- cal cell with a plug-in thin-layer electrode are described.Using ferricyanide as the test species,the thermodynamic parameters of electron transfer processes are determined at car- bon,plantinum,and gold electrodes.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20110022120004)China National Key S&T Project on Marine Carbonate Reservoir Characterization(No.2011ZX05004003)
文摘Quantitative thickness estimation of thin-layer is a great challenge in seismic exploration, especially for thin-layer below tuning thickness. In this article, we analyzed the seismic response cha- racteristics of rhythm and gradual type of thin-layer wedge models and presented a new method for thin-layer thickness estimation which uses relative peak frequency increment. This method can de- scribe the peak frequency to thickness relationship of rhythm and gradual thin-layers in unified equa- tion while the traditional methods using amplitude information cannot. What＇s more, it won＇t be in- fluenced by the absolute value of thin-layer reflection coefficient and peak frequency of wavelet. The unified equations were presented which can be used for rhythm and gradual thin-layer thickness cal- culation. Model tests showed that the method we introduced has a high precision and it doesn＇t need to determine the value of top or bottom reflection coefficient, so it has a more wide application in practice. The application of real data demonstrated that the relative peak frequency increment attribute can character the plane distribution feature and thickness characteristic of channel sand bodies very well.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20075013).
文摘The electrooxidation behavior of 3, 3′,5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) was investigated using a platinum minigrid optically transparent thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell. TMB underwent one two-electron electrooxidation process to yield quinonediimine in the pH range from 2.0 to < 4.0, and two consecutive one-electron electrooxidation processes, gave the mediate product free radical of TMB first, then gave the oxidation product quinonediimine in the pH range from 4.0 to < 7.0. In the pH range from 7.0 to 10.0, the electrooxidation of TMB was also one two-electron electrooxidation process to yield an azo compound. The formal potential E0'and the electron transfer number of the electrooxidation of TMB at pH 2.0 and pH 8.4 were determined by spectroelectrochemical techniques.
文摘ABSTRACT A quantitative method for the assay of free cholesterol has been described in this paper. The experimental conditions for the determination of cholesterol in serum by Thin-layer chromatography were disscused. The solvent System was petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (8o:20:1) and the spra-ying reagent was a solution of sulphuric acid and vanillin. Under the selected con-ditions, the peak area was linearly related to the cholesterol amount for the range between 80～700 ng per spot. The intraplate and interplate coefficients were 2.4% and 7.4% respectively. The recovery of cholesterol was 101.6%. The method presented was simple, rapid and accurate. The results of experi-mental investigation and clinical application were satisfactory.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202250501)SRT Research Project of Jiaxing Nanhu University。
文摘The integration of the photocatalytic effect into solar steam is highly desirable for addressing freshwater shortages and water pollution.Here,a ternary film structure for the adsorption and photothermal and photocatalytic treatment of wastewater was designed by combining the technique of self-assembled carbon nano paper with a nitrogen composite titanium dioxide(N-TiO_(2))deposited on the surface of carbon nanotubes(CNT)using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)as a substrate.The photogeneration of reactive oxygen species can be promoted by rapid oxygen diffusion at the three-phase interface,whereas the interfacial photothermal effect promotes subsequent free radical reactions for the degradation of rhodamine B(93%).The freshwater evaporation rate is 1.35 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)and the solar-to-water evaporation efficiency is 94%.Importantly,the N-TiO_(2)/CNT/PVDF(N-TCP)film not only effectively resists mechanical damage from the environment and maintains structural integrity,but can also be made into a large film for outdoor experiments in a large solar energy conversion device to collect fresh water from polluted water and degrade organic dyes in source water simultaneously,opening the way for applications in energy conversion and storage.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1707300)。
文摘The holistic characterization and quality control of all the medicinal herbs of proprietary Chinese medicines(PCMs)are of great significance to ensure their safety,efficacy,and consistency.Thin-layer chromatography(TLC),a simple and classic approach for qualitatively characterizing and examining quality markers of natural products,has been widely used in the characterization and quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.Zaoren Anshen(ZRAS)capsule,prepared from three medicinal herbs of fried Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma,and vinegar-processed Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus,is a famous PCM in China for the treatment of insomnia,amnesia,and dizziness in clinical practice.However,no effective method is available so far for simultaneous identification and examination of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule.In the present study,we developed a TLC method via twice-development and visualization by UV light or chromogenic agent,which could be used for simultaneous qualitative identification of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule in one plate.Moreover,the sample preparation method was optimized.The developed TLC method was rapid,simple,low-cost,and effective,and thus it could be used for quality control of ZRAS capsule.
基金supported by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program,Code:PX2018039Beijing Talents Foundation Youth backbone individual programBeijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Fund(Grant No.120151003)。
文摘The current study is designed to evaluate certain immunocytochemical(ICC)biomarkers to gain a better cytodiagnosis.For this purpose,85 patients from March 2016 to March 2019 who planned to get a hysteroscopy assay were recruited.Cytological sampling was conducted by scratching the uterus cavity using SAP-1,and the samples were processed as liquid-based smears,using SurePath technology.36 patients diagnosed with EC or atypical endometrial hyperplasia were recruited in this study.33 cases were diagnosed with EC,and 3 cases were diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia,allocated with EC or precancerous lesions group.26 cases were diagnosed with benign lesions group.Among these cases,9 cases were diagnosed with endometrial simple hyperplasia,2 cases were diagnosed with complicated hyperplasia,5 cases were diagnosed with an irregular proliferation of endometrium and 10 cases were diagnosed with endometrial polyps.There were 23 cases in the healthy group.Staining in thin-layer endometrial preparations by ICC and using H-score or counting the percentage of stained cells.The presentation of PTEN in normal endometrium,benign lesions,and EC/precancerous lesions were different(p<0.01).Taking the cut-off value of 50(Youden’s index:0.698)PTEN expression for the diagnosis of EC/precancerous lesion,the sensitivity and specificity were 83.7%and 86.1%.The presentation of Ki-67 in normal endometrium,benign lesions,and EC/precancerous lesions were different(p<0.01).Taking the cut-off value of 15%(Youden’s index:0.76)Ki-67 expression for the diagnosis of EC/precancerous lesion,the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4%and 81.6%.In this study,the use of different cut-off values for Ki-67 and PTEN helped differentiate endometrial lesions.Immunocytochemistry in the ECT detection of PTEN and Ki-67 can improve the diagnostic capabilities of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12075319)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11805277)。
文摘This work proposes a new plasma super-phase gradient metasurfaces(PS-PGMs)structure,owing to the limitations of the thin-layer plasma for electromagnetic wave attenuation.Based on the cross-shaped surface unit configuration,we have designed the X-band absorbing structure through the dispersion control method.By setting up the Drude dispersion model in the computer simulation technology,the designed phase gradient metasurfaces structure is superposed over the plasma,and the PS-PGMs structure is constructed.The electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the new structure have been simulated,and the reflectance measurement has been carried out to verify the absorbing effect.The results demonstrate that the attenuation effect of the new structure is superior to that of the pure plasma structure,which invokes an improved attenuation effect from the thin layer plasma,thus enhancing the feasibility of applying the plasma stealth technology to the local stealth of the strong scattering part of a combat aircraft.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2015BAC05B02)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2018NZD10)
文摘[Objectives] The aim was to determine the moisture,ash and extract contents in Leontopodium franchetii Beauv. from different localities. [Methods] The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract in L. franchetii from different localities were determined according to the methods described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 Edition). [Results] In the 10 samples,the contents of moisture were all less than or equal to 15. 0%; the contents of total ash were all below 12. 0%; and the contents of acid-insoluble ash were all less than 3. 0%. The contents of water-soluble extract( by cold-soaked extraction method) in the samples were all below 12. 0% except those from Hongyuan Prairie of Sichuan Province and Xinglong Mountain in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province. [Conclusions]The contents of the four indicators measured in this experiment varied by small margins,indicating that the quality was relatively stable. This study provides theoretical data for the revision of the quality standards for L. franchetii.
文摘Five phospholipids in human placenta were determined by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(31)P NMR)spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography(TLC) scanning combined with the corrective method of absorbance proportional coefficient. The NMR spectrometer used this investigation was a Bruker AM-500 spectrometer operating at 202.4 MHz for ^(31)P chemical shifts are relative to 85% phosphoric acid. TIC was carried out by silica gel H plate developed in chloroform-methanol-glacial acetic acid-ethanol-water(25:4:6:2:0.5),with Vaskovsky reagent as colour -developing agent of phospholipids.
文摘An in-situ optically transparent thin-layer microscopic FTIR spectroelectro- chemical cell was constructed.Using this cell,we characterize a concentration-distance profile in the electrochemical diffusion thin-layer by in-situ adjusting the focal point at different distances to the electrode surface.
基金Basic Research Ability Enhancement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Guangxi in 2019(No.2019KY0341)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Special Technology Inheritance Talent Training Project 2016+1 种基金Open Project of Guangxi Zhuang Yao Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center(No.KJT1900105)Youth Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2019QN036).
文摘[Objectives]This paper aims to establish thin-layer identification and content determination method for Laggera alata(D.Don)Sch.Bip.ex Oliv.with chlorogenic acid as the index component and compare the content of chlorogenic acid in L.alata from different places in Guangxi.[Methods]Silica gel GF254 thin-layer plate was used for identification under an ultraviolet lamp(365 nm),with butyl acetate-formic acid-water(V∶V∶V=7∶2.5∶2.5)as a developing agent.The content of chlorogenic acid was determined under the following chromatographic conditions:column,Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase,methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid(28∶72);detection wavelength,329 nm;flow rate,1.0 mL/min;column temperature,25℃;and injection volume,10μL.[Results]Chlorogenic acid can be detected by thin layer chromatography with clear spot and good specificity.Chlorogenic acid showed a good linear relationship in the injection amount range of 0.099-0.99μg(R^(2)=0.9999).The content of chlorogenic acid in L.alata varied greatly among the 10 different producing areas in Guangxi.L.alata produced in Dee Township,Longlin,Baise,Guangxi showed the highest chlorogenic acid content,and that produced in Shangsi County and Pingle County showed the lowest chlorogenic acid content.[Conclusions]This method can effectively identify L.alata and accurately determine the content of chlorogenic acid,thereby providing a scientific basis for the development and utilization of L.alata resources.
文摘A newly designed quinazoline based compound, 6-pyridin-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline (PDBIQ) has shown the ability for the easy detection of nineteen amino acids on thin-layer chromatography plates as a spray reagent. This new reagent enabled to produce various distinguishable colors with amino acids with different RF values. The detection limits and the binding ability of PDBIQ with amino acids have been calculated. PDBIQ is also able to detect aminoacids from hydrolised seed protein. The title compound also exhibited profound inhibitory action against some gm (+ve) and gm (-ve) bacterial organisms. This paper deals with synthesis, spectroscopic application and biological evaluation of the organic moity.
