A fiber-optic liquid-level sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.It is a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)composed of a thin-core single-mode fiber(TCSMF)without coating sandwiched between two single-mode...A fiber-optic liquid-level sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.It is a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)composed of a thin-core single-mode fiber(TCSMF)without coating sandwiched between two single-mode fibers(SMFs).The transmission spectrum properties of the MZI modified by liquid around the TCSMF are used for detecting the liquid level.It is found that the sensor exhibits an excellent linear relationship between the level and the shift of interference dip wavelength and its achieved sensitivities are 0.160 nm/mm and 0.288 nm/mm for liquid with an RI of 1.3330 and 1.3696,respectively.Employing the spectrum differential integration(SDI)method to analyze transmission spectra can increase the detecting resolution of the liquid level.Due to its advantages of an extremely easy fabrication process,high sensitivity and a large sensing range,the sensor is an ideal candidate for continuous liquid level sensing.展开更多
We report a method for increasing the mechanical strength of carbon nanotube(CNT)fibers while enabling the uniform adhesion of cerium oxide(CeO_(2))abrasive particles to them using polyethyleneimine(PEI).Results show ...We report a method for increasing the mechanical strength of carbon nanotube(CNT)fibers while enabling the uniform adhesion of cerium oxide(CeO_(2))abrasive particles to them using polyethyleneimine(PEI).Results show that 5%of PEI increases the tensile strength of CNT fibers by approximately 175%.CeO_(2) particles were uniformly deposited on the reinforced CNT fibers by electrophoretic deposition.A flexible polishing tool was fabricated by weaving the CeO_(2)-CNT fibers into a non-woven fabric substrate.When used to polish potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals,the tool reduced the surface roughness from 200 to 7.6 nm within 10 min.This approach has potential use for the development of new precision processing tools.展开更多
Silicon carbide fibers are considered ideal reinforcing materials for ceramic matrix composites due to their excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature performance.Different types of fibers necessitate indiv...Silicon carbide fibers are considered ideal reinforcing materials for ceramic matrix composites due to their excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature performance.Different types of fibers necessitate individual investigation due to variations in their composition and fabrication processes.This study presents a comprehensive investigation into evolution of the mechanical properties,surface microstructure,and composition of Shicolon-Ⅱ fibers subjected to argon heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 1300℃to 1700℃.The Shicolon-Ⅱ fibers are composed of small-sized β-SiC grains,SiC_(x)O_(y) amorphous phase,and a minor amount of graphite microcrystals.Following treatment in an argon atmosphere at 1300℃,the fibers maintain a monofilament tensile strength of 3.620 GPa,corresponding to a retention of 98.32%.This strength diminishes to 2.875 GPa,equating to a retention of 78.08%,after treatment at 1500℃.The reduction in mechanical properties of the fibers can be ascribed to the decomposition of the amorphous phase and the growth of β-SiC grains.Furthermore,creep resistance is an essential factor influencing the long-term performance of composite materials.After treatment at temperatures above 1400℃,the high-temperature creep resistance of the fibers is significantly enhanced due to growth of β-SiC grains.This study offers valuable theoretical insights into high-temperature applications of second-generation fibers,contributing to an enhanced understanding of their performance under extreme conditions.展开更多
An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mod...An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mode area and nonlinear coefficient were investigated by using finite element method(FEM),the evolu-tion of optical pulses propagating along the fiber was simulated,and the supercontinuum and the coherence were analyzed and evaluated under different pumping conditions.The results show that a supercontinuum spectrum with a spectral width of 4.852μm can be obtained in the proposed fiber with d_(1)/Λof 0.125,d_(2)/Λof 0.583 and the zero-dispersion wavelength of 3.228μm by pumping with a Gaussian pulse with a peak power of 800 W and a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 20 fs at wavelength of 3.3μm.When the fiber is pumped by the pulse with the peak power of 2000 W,the FWHM of 80 fs at the wavelength of 4.0μm in the in the anomalous dispersion region,the modulation instability is obviously suppressed,and the high-coher-ence supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.1μm to 8.99μm is observed.A part of the pulse energy is transferred to the anomalous dispersion region when pumped at the wavelength of 2.8μm in the normal dis-persion region and a broadband high-coherence supercontinuum spectrum extending from 0.8μm to 9.8μm is generated in the 10 mm proposed fiber.This paper introduces elliptical air holes in the Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber,which enhances flexibility for tailoring the performance of supercontinuum,ultimately achieving the broadest supercontinuum spectrum with the shortest fiber length to date.展开更多
The rapid evolution of the autonomous driving industry has led to a surge in electronic units and applications,resulting in increased in-vehicle data traffic and higher demands for communication efficiency and securit...The rapid evolution of the autonomous driving industry has led to a surge in electronic units and applications,resulting in increased in-vehicle data traffic and higher demands for communication efficiency and security.Meanwhile,safe driving necessitates further development of in-vehicle thermal management systems,as traditional point-type sensors face deployment challenges due to their limited monitoring range.All-glass multimode fibers(AG-MMFs)emerge as an ideal solution for sensing and transmission.An integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)system based on AG-MMFs has been proposed and experimentally validated for stable and efficient operation across a broad temperature range from-18°C to 122°C,while maintaining strong tolerance to typical vehicle vibrations and connector misalignments.Utilizing a single commercial OM4 fiber,we achieve error-free PAM-4 transmission up to 100 Gb∕s with the aid of forward error correction and precise real-time temperature monitoring over 100 m at the same time.Furthermore,by adopting a looped link structure and a neural network-based denoising algorithm,temperature measuring maintains an average uncertainty and a spatial resolution of 0.1°C and 0.5 m,respectively,even under extreme conditions.Exhibiting such outstanding performance in both transmission and sensing,the ISAC architecture successfully addresses the growing demands for high-capacity in-vehicle networks and distributed thermal monitoring of critical components,while paving the theoretical foundation for“fiber to vehicle.”展开更多
As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized fo...As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process,which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber.Herein,ionic liquids with low vapor pressure,nonflammability,relatively simple recovery,and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers.The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared,including microscopic morphology,dyeing behavior,fibrillation resistance,mechanical properties,yarn-forming capacity,and fabric performance.The ionic liquid(IL)fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section,with the highest tensile strength,moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties,and similar spinning and weaving performance.This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.展开更多
We investigate theoretically and experimentally the chaotic dynamics of visible-wavelength all-fiber ring laser.The100-m 630 HP fibers are used to ensure high non-linearity.A 4-m Pr^(3+)/Yb^(3+)-co-doped ZBLAN fiber p...We investigate theoretically and experimentally the chaotic dynamics of visible-wavelength all-fiber ring laser.The100-m 630 HP fibers are used to ensure high non-linearity.A 4-m Pr^(3+)/Yb^(3+)-co-doped ZBLAN fiber provides the gain.The chaotic laser was pumped by the laser diodes with the maximum power of 150 mW at the wavelength of 850 nm.The peak fluorescence spectrum of Pr^(3+)/Yb^(3+)-co-doped ZBLAN fiber at the wavelength of 635 nm shows that the visiblewavelength fiber laser can be achieved by synergistic energy transfer between Pr~(3+)and Yb^(3+)ions.The chaotic fiber laser is generated by adjusting the pump power,polarization controller and the auto-correlation,permutation entropy,skewness,and kurtosis were used to analyze the characteristics of chaotic laser.The noise-like time series and delta-like auto-correlation curve indicate the chaotic output.The complexity and randomness of time series are analyzed by the permutation entropy,skewness,and kurtosis.The result shows that chaotic dynamics is stable when the pump power exceeds a certain value.The visible chaotic all-fiber laser has high stability and can be applied for real-time monitoring and sensing.We believe that this approach may also be feasible for other materials for emission in the visible range.展开更多
The remodeling of axonal connections following injury is an important feature driving functional recovery.The reticulospinal tract is an interesting descending motor tract that contains both excitatory and inhibitory ...The remodeling of axonal connections following injury is an important feature driving functional recovery.The reticulospinal tract is an interesting descending motor tract that contains both excitatory and inhibitory fibers.While the reticulospinal tract has been shown to be particularly prone to axonal growth and plasticity following injuries of the spinal cord,the differential capacities of excitatory and inhibitory fibers for plasticity remain unclear.As adaptive axonal plasticity involves a sophisticated interplay between excitatory and inhibitory input,we investigated in this study the plastic potential of glutamatergic(vGlut2)and GABAergic(vGat)fibers originating from the gigantocellular nucleus and the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus,two nuclei important for locomotor function.Using a combination of viral tracing,chemogenetic silencing,and AI-based kinematic analysis,we investigated plasticity and its impact on functional recovery within the first 3 weeks following injury,a period prone to neuronal remodeling.We demonstrate that,in this time frame,while vGlut2-positive fibers within the gigantocellular and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei rewire significantly following cervical spinal cord injury,vGat-positive fibers are rather unresponsive to injury.We also show that the acute silencing of excitatory axonal fibers which rewire in response to lesions of the spinal cord triggers a worsening of the functional recovery.Using kinematic analysis,we also pinpoint the locomotion features associated with the gigantocellular nucleus or lateral paragigantocellular nucleus during functional recovery.Overall,our study increases the understanding of the role of the gigantocellular and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei during functional recovery following spinal cord injury.展开更多
As the speeds of trains increase,higher demands are placed on brake materials.In order to overcome the thermal degradation phenomenon of brake pads during high-speed braking,we prepared copper fiber reinforced alkali-...As the speeds of trains increase,higher demands are placed on brake materials.In order to overcome the thermal degradation phenomenon of brake pads during high-speed braking,we prepared copper fiber reinforced alkali-activated slag composite(AASC)friction materials by hot-pressing method,using slag as matrix,Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O as alkali excitant,copper fiber as reinforcement,and graphite as friction modifier.The results show that the AASC prepared by hot-pressing method has undergone alkali-activated reaction and has geopolymer amorphous characteristics as the conventional cast molding AASC by XRD analysis.The addition of copper fibers can improve the mechanical strength and toughness of the composites substantially,and the AASC has the highest flexural strength,compressive strength and impact toughness when the volume fraction of copper fibers reaches 25 vol%.Toughening mechanisms such as drawing,bridging and crack deflection of copper fibers in composites were analyzed by SEM morphology.Addition of appropriate amount of graphite to AASC can effectively reduce the wear rate and improve the stability of the material friction coefficient.The coefficient of friction also remains stable in the high-speed friction experiments without thermal degradation.Therefore,copper fiber reinforced AASC friction materials prepared by hot-pressing method has good mechanical and friction properties.展开更多
UHMWPE fibers exhibit impressive modulus and strength,but they have not reached their theoretical limits.Researchers focus on molecular weight,orientation,and crystallinity of UHMWPE,yet their contributions to mechani...UHMWPE fibers exhibit impressive modulus and strength,but they have not reached their theoretical limits.Researchers focus on molecular weight,orientation,and crystallinity of UHMWPE,yet their contributions to mechanical properties are unclear.Molecular dynamics simulations are valuable but often limited by computational constraints.Our aim is to simulate higher molecular weights to better represent real UHMWPE fibers.We used Packmol and Polyply methodologies to construct PE systems,with Polyply reproducing more reasonable properties of UHMWPE fibers.Additionally,tensile simulations showed that orientation and crystallinity greatly impact Young's modulus more than molecular weight.Energy decomposition indicated that higher molecular weights lead to covalent bonds that can withstand more energy during stretching,thus increasing breaking strength.Combining simulations with machine learning,we found that orientation has the most significant impact on Young's modulus,contributing 60%,and molecular weight plays the most crucial role in determining the breaking strength,accounting for 65%.This study provides a theoretical basis and guidelines for enhancing UHMWPE's modulus and strength.展开更多
Natural colored cotton(NCC)offers a sustainable,dye-free,and eco-friendly alternative for producing colored textiles.Carotenoids,a group of important natural liposoluble pigments,are known for their diverse color spec...Natural colored cotton(NCC)offers a sustainable,dye-free,and eco-friendly alternative for producing colored textiles.Carotenoids,a group of important natural liposoluble pigments,are known for their diverse color spectrum.In this study,we successfully engineered the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway specifically in cotton fibers by utilizing a fiber-specific GbEXPA2 promoter and a CaMV 35S promoter to drive the expression of two key carotenoid biosynthesis genes,CrtB and CrtI,respectively.This approach resulted in the development of a golden fiber cotton germplasm enriched withβ-carotene.Notably,the pigmentation was predominantly observed during the early developmental stages of the fiber(5–20 d post-anthesis).While the presence of carotenoids had no significant effect on plant architecture and growth,it positively influenced the fiber elongation rate,albeit with a slight reduction in fiber length and strength.This study represents a pioneering strategy for the future development of NCCs through carotenoid biofortification.展开更多
To develop a suitable production process for fiber reinforced investment casting shell mold,three methods were studied:the traditional method(M_(1)),the method of adding fiber into silica sol with mechanical stirring ...To develop a suitable production process for fiber reinforced investment casting shell mold,three methods were studied:the traditional method(M_(1)),the method of adding fiber into silica sol with mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation(M_(2)),and the method of adding fiber into slurry with mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation for durations of 3,15,30,and 45 min(M_(3)).The bending strength,high-temperature self-load deformation,and thermal conductivity of the shell molds were investigated.The results reveal that the enhancement of fiber dispersion through ultrasonic agitation improves the comprehensive performance of the shell molds.The maximum green bending strength of the shell mold by M_(2) reaches 3.29 MPa,which is 29% higher than that of the shell mold prepared by M_(1).Moreover,the high-temperature self-load deformation of the shell mold is reduced from 0.62% to 0.44%.In addition,simultaneous ultrasonic agitation and mechanical stirring effectively shorten the slurry preparation time while maintaining comparable levels of fiber dispersion.With the process M_(3)-45 min,the fillers are uniformly dispersed in the slurry,and the fired bending strength and the high-temperature self-load deformation reach 6.25 MPa and 0.41%,respectively.Therefore,the proposed ultrasonic agitation route is promising for the fabrication of fiber-reinforced shell molds with excellent fibers dispersion.展开更多
High-fat diets(HFD)disrupt lipid homeostasis,posing major public health risks.This study investigated the effect of ACA-DK,an insoluble dietary fiber derived from Antrodia camphorata,on HFD-induced dyslipidemia.We dem...High-fat diets(HFD)disrupt lipid homeostasis,posing major public health risks.This study investigated the effect of ACA-DK,an insoluble dietary fiber derived from Antrodia camphorata,on HFD-induced dyslipidemia.We demonstrate that ACA-DK effectively alleviates HFD-induced dyslipidemia in mice,counteracting metabolic disorders,aberrant blood lipids,and weight gain.Mechanistically,ACA-DK modulates triglycerides,phosphatidylcholine,and phosphatidylethanolamine via glycerophospholipid/choline/linoleic acid metabolism pathways,while rectifying gut dysbiosis through selective reduction of pro-inflammatory genera(Oscillibacter,Ruminiclostridium,Negativibacillus,Ruminococcaceae and Helicobacter).Integrated analysis identifies Ruminococcaceae and Helicobacter as key mediators of ACA-DK's lipid-regulatory effects,establishing microbiota-directed therapy as a strategy against dyslipidemia.We thus propose ACA-DK as a microbiota-directed dual-target therapy,simultaneously reprogramming host lipid metabolism and gut ecology to combat diet-induced metabolic diseases.These findings suggest that ACA-DK is a promising prebiotic dietary fiber for ameliorating HFD-induced lipid metabolic disorders,with potential for future development into functional foods or supplements.展开更多
Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In th...Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In this study,tea polyphenolpolyvinyl alcohol(TP-PVA)composite films are synthesized via a polymer embedding method and employed as SAs to initiate ultrafast pulse operation in fiber lasers.The TP-PVA SA film exhibits excellent broadband saturable absorption performance at wavelengths of 1.0μm,1.5μm,and 2.0μm,with modulation depths of 54.21%,41.41%,and 51.16%,respectively.Stable passively mode-locked pulses with pulse widths of 588 fs,419 fs,and 743 fs are generated in Yb-,Er-,and Tm-doped fiber lasers,respectively.This work confirms the effective performance of TP-PVA as a broadband SA,and establishes a foundation for the integration of novel and sustainable materials within ultrafast photonic systems.The approach paves the way for developing compact broadband ultrafast laser systems operating in the near-infrared spectral region.展开更多
To address increasing electromagnetic interference and pollution problems,this study proposes a component regulation strategy.Hollow magnetic microspheres derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)were incorporated i...To address increasing electromagnetic interference and pollution problems,this study proposes a component regulation strategy.Hollow magnetic microspheres derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)were incorporated into carbon fibers(Co@CNFs)through electrospinning technology,forming a sugar-gourd-like heterostructure.This structure promotes the synergy between dielectric and magnetic losses.The full utilization of multi-component synergy and the well-designed heterogeneous interfaces enhances interfacial polarization and optimizes the balance between impedance and high loss.The hollow structure of magnetic microspheres facilitates multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves(EMW).Additionally,the change of heat treatment temperature offers a viable method to adjust the dielectric properties of composites.The results indicate that the Co@CNFs exhibit outstanding EMW attenuation capability,even at an ultralow filler loading of 3 wt%,achieving a reflection loss of-39.7 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.6 GHz.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of component regulation and offers a viable approach for lightweight,high-performance EMW absorption materials.展开更多
A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relax...A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relaxation.Distributed optical fiber sensing was used to measure strains across the sample surface by helically wrapping the single-mode fiber around the cylindrical sample.Close agreement was observed between the circumferential strains obtained from the optical fibers and the extensometer.The reconstructed full-field strain contours show strain heterogeneity from the crack closure phase,and the strains in the later deformation phase are dominantly localized within the former high-strain zone.The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the degree of strain localization and shows an initial increase during the crack closure phase,a decrease during the linear elastic phase,and a subsequent increase during the post-yielding phase.This behavior corresponds to a process of initial localization from an imperfect boundary condition,homogenization,and eventual relocalization prior to the macroscopic failure of the sample.The transient strain rate decay during the stress relaxation phase was quantified using the p-value in the“Omori-like"power law function.A higher initial stress at the onset of relaxation results in a lower p-value,indicating a slower strain rate decay.As the sample approaches macroscopic failure,the lowest p-value shifts from the most damaged zone to adjacent areas,suggesting stress redistribution or crack propagation in deformed crystalline rocks under stress relaxation conditions.展开更多
We achieved an ultra-flat broad spectrum output with a 20-dB bandwidth of 77.85 nm in a double-clad Yb-doped fiber laser.The intensity difference between the highest and lowest points of the spectrum indicates a flatn...We achieved an ultra-flat broad spectrum output with a 20-dB bandwidth of 77.85 nm in a double-clad Yb-doped fiber laser.The intensity difference between the highest and lowest points of the spectrum indicates a flatness better than4 dB.More notably,this ultra-flat broad spectrum maintains a stable single-pulse mode-locking state.With the increase of pump power,an ultra-wide spectrum with a 20-dB bandwidth approaching 100 nm was formed at a pump power of 2.25 W.Additionally,we obtained a 9-pulse mode-locked state at another PC station with the same pump,which is the highest number of stable mode-locked pulse bursts observed so far with a first-order Raman frequency shift.This fiber laser shows its benefits of ultra-flat broad spectrum,high stability,and ease of fabrication,which provides a new method of obtaining the broadband light source for multiple practical applications.展开更多
Okara is produced in large quantities annually in China,but much of it is discarded due to its high content of indigestible dietary fiber(DF),contributing to significant environmental challenges.Recognizing the undere...Okara is produced in large quantities annually in China,but much of it is discarded due to its high content of indigestible dietary fiber(DF),contributing to significant environmental challenges.Recognizing the underexplored medicinal potential of DF,we developed an efficient fermentation method to enhance the bioavailability of okara fiber.In this study,Pediococcus acidilactici IFJ-1,which has strong enzymatic production capabilities and beneficial effects on gastrointestinal flora modulation,was selected to ferment okara.Results showed decreases in viscosity and particle size,optimized surface structure,improved thermal stability and hydration properties,and a significant increase in soluble DF content from 1.85%to 3.91%.To evaluate the physiological effects,hyperlipidemic mouse models were established and subjected to dietary interventions utilizing okara and fermented okara to measure changes in physicochemical parameters,gut microbiota composition,and lipid metabolism.The dietary intervention was effective,particularly in the fermented okara group,showing a 7.3%weight loss,improved blood lipids(triglycerides:‒39.8%,total cholesterol:‒12.8%,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:‒34.2%,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:+26.2%),and a 22.2%lower liver index.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that fermented okara positively modulated the microbial community by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,Bacteroidota)and reducing the abundance of obesity-associated bacteria(e.g.,Bacillota).Lipid metabolism profiling further demonstrated that fermented okara downregulated harmful lipids(e.g.,(O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids,ceramides,and diacylglycerols)while upregulating beneficial phospholipids(e.g.,phosphatidylinositol,phosphatidylserine,phosphatidylethanolamine,lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidic acid).This study highlights a novel approach for enhancing DF utilization through fermentation,providing valuable insights into strategies for preventing obesity and metabolic diseases.展开更多
High-performance fiber fabrics and composites experienced transverse compression deformation at ultrahigh strain rates near the impact point when subjected to high-velocity impacts,which significantly affected their b...High-performance fiber fabrics and composites experienced transverse compression deformation at ultrahigh strain rates near the impact point when subjected to high-velocity impacts,which significantly affected their ballistic limits.In this paper,a fiber-scale experimental method for characterizing ultrahigh strain-rate transverse compression behavior was proposed.To begin with,in order to measure the extremely low stress and strain in small specimens,the conventional Hopkinson bar was reduced to the hundred-micron scale,thereby achieving wave impedance matching with single fibers.In addition,tangential and normal laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV)methods were employed to realize non-contact,high-precision,and high-speed axial velocity measurements of micron-scale incident and transmission bars,respectively.Meanwhile,a microscopic observation system was used to facilitate the installation of miniature fiber samples.The experimental setup and procedures were introduced,and the system accuracy was verified through sample-free loading tests based on one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory.Dynamic compression experiments on Graphene-UHMWPE fibers were carried out,followed by post-compression microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Results demonstrated that successful mechanical characterization was achieved at strain rates exceeding 105,an order of magnitude higher than the previously reported maximum rates.Furthermore,during the loading process,the fibers underwent uniform compression deformation while exhibiting pronounced strain-rate effects.This method offers a novel approach for dynamic mechanical characterization of microscale single fibers,enabling the development of comprehensive strain-ratedependent material models to guide the design of advanced composites and high-performance fibers.展开更多
Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexib...Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.展开更多
文摘A fiber-optic liquid-level sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.It is a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)composed of a thin-core single-mode fiber(TCSMF)without coating sandwiched between two single-mode fibers(SMFs).The transmission spectrum properties of the MZI modified by liquid around the TCSMF are used for detecting the liquid level.It is found that the sensor exhibits an excellent linear relationship between the level and the shift of interference dip wavelength and its achieved sensitivities are 0.160 nm/mm and 0.288 nm/mm for liquid with an RI of 1.3330 and 1.3696,respectively.Employing the spectrum differential integration(SDI)method to analyze transmission spectra can increase the detecting resolution of the liquid level.Due to its advantages of an extremely easy fabrication process,high sensitivity and a large sensing range,the sensor is an ideal candidate for continuous liquid level sensing.
文摘We report a method for increasing the mechanical strength of carbon nanotube(CNT)fibers while enabling the uniform adhesion of cerium oxide(CeO_(2))abrasive particles to them using polyethyleneimine(PEI).Results show that 5%of PEI increases the tensile strength of CNT fibers by approximately 175%.CeO_(2) particles were uniformly deposited on the reinforced CNT fibers by electrophoretic deposition.A flexible polishing tool was fabricated by weaving the CeO_(2)-CNT fibers into a non-woven fabric substrate.When used to polish potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals,the tool reduced the surface roughness from 200 to 7.6 nm within 10 min.This approach has potential use for the development of new precision processing tools.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172108)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3707700)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDC0144005)。
文摘Silicon carbide fibers are considered ideal reinforcing materials for ceramic matrix composites due to their excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature performance.Different types of fibers necessitate individual investigation due to variations in their composition and fabrication processes.This study presents a comprehensive investigation into evolution of the mechanical properties,surface microstructure,and composition of Shicolon-Ⅱ fibers subjected to argon heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 1300℃to 1700℃.The Shicolon-Ⅱ fibers are composed of small-sized β-SiC grains,SiC_(x)O_(y) amorphous phase,and a minor amount of graphite microcrystals.Following treatment in an argon atmosphere at 1300℃,the fibers maintain a monofilament tensile strength of 3.620 GPa,corresponding to a retention of 98.32%.This strength diminishes to 2.875 GPa,equating to a retention of 78.08%,after treatment at 1500℃.The reduction in mechanical properties of the fibers can be ascribed to the decomposition of the amorphous phase and the growth of β-SiC grains.Furthermore,creep resistance is an essential factor influencing the long-term performance of composite materials.After treatment at temperatures above 1400℃,the high-temperature creep resistance of the fibers is significantly enhanced due to growth of β-SiC grains.This study offers valuable theoretical insights into high-temperature applications of second-generation fibers,contributing to an enhanced understanding of their performance under extreme conditions.
文摘An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mode area and nonlinear coefficient were investigated by using finite element method(FEM),the evolu-tion of optical pulses propagating along the fiber was simulated,and the supercontinuum and the coherence were analyzed and evaluated under different pumping conditions.The results show that a supercontinuum spectrum with a spectral width of 4.852μm can be obtained in the proposed fiber with d_(1)/Λof 0.125,d_(2)/Λof 0.583 and the zero-dispersion wavelength of 3.228μm by pumping with a Gaussian pulse with a peak power of 800 W and a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 20 fs at wavelength of 3.3μm.When the fiber is pumped by the pulse with the peak power of 2000 W,the FWHM of 80 fs at the wavelength of 4.0μm in the in the anomalous dispersion region,the modulation instability is obviously suppressed,and the high-coher-ence supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.1μm to 8.99μm is observed.A part of the pulse energy is transferred to the anomalous dispersion region when pumped at the wavelength of 2.8μm in the normal dis-persion region and a broadband high-coherence supercontinuum spectrum extending from 0.8μm to 9.8μm is generated in the 10 mm proposed fiber.This paper introduces elliptical air holes in the Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber,which enhances flexibility for tailoring the performance of supercontinuum,ultimately achieving the broadest supercontinuum spectrum with the shortest fiber length to date.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB2906303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62225110)+1 种基金the JD Project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023BAA013)the Innovation Fund of WNLO。
文摘The rapid evolution of the autonomous driving industry has led to a surge in electronic units and applications,resulting in increased in-vehicle data traffic and higher demands for communication efficiency and security.Meanwhile,safe driving necessitates further development of in-vehicle thermal management systems,as traditional point-type sensors face deployment challenges due to their limited monitoring range.All-glass multimode fibers(AG-MMFs)emerge as an ideal solution for sensing and transmission.An integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)system based on AG-MMFs has been proposed and experimentally validated for stable and efficient operation across a broad temperature range from-18°C to 122°C,while maintaining strong tolerance to typical vehicle vibrations and connector misalignments.Utilizing a single commercial OM4 fiber,we achieve error-free PAM-4 transmission up to 100 Gb∕s with the aid of forward error correction and precise real-time temperature monitoring over 100 m at the same time.Furthermore,by adopting a looped link structure and a neural network-based denoising algorithm,temperature measuring maintains an average uncertainty and a spatial resolution of 0.1°C and 0.5 m,respectively,even under extreme conditions.Exhibiting such outstanding performance in both transmission and sensing,the ISAC architecture successfully addresses the growing demands for high-capacity in-vehicle networks and distributed thermal monitoring of critical components,while paving the theoretical foundation for“fiber to vehicle.”
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005226 and 52203124)Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CCNC-202402)+1 种基金the Basic and Advanced Research Project from Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022013988065201)Hubei Integrative Technology and Innovation Center for Advanced Fiberous Materials,project(No.XC2024G3013)。
文摘As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process,which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber.Herein,ionic liquids with low vapor pressure,nonflammability,relatively simple recovery,and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers.The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared,including microscopic morphology,dyeing behavior,fibrillation resistance,mechanical properties,yarn-forming capacity,and fabric performance.The ionic liquid(IL)fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section,with the highest tensile strength,moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties,and similar spinning and weaving performance.This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61975141,61575137,and61675144)。
文摘We investigate theoretically and experimentally the chaotic dynamics of visible-wavelength all-fiber ring laser.The100-m 630 HP fibers are used to ensure high non-linearity.A 4-m Pr^(3+)/Yb^(3+)-co-doped ZBLAN fiber provides the gain.The chaotic laser was pumped by the laser diodes with the maximum power of 150 mW at the wavelength of 850 nm.The peak fluorescence spectrum of Pr^(3+)/Yb^(3+)-co-doped ZBLAN fiber at the wavelength of 635 nm shows that the visiblewavelength fiber laser can be achieved by synergistic energy transfer between Pr~(3+)and Yb^(3+)ions.The chaotic fiber laser is generated by adjusting the pump power,polarization controller and the auto-correlation,permutation entropy,skewness,and kurtosis were used to analyze the characteristics of chaotic laser.The noise-like time series and delta-like auto-correlation curve indicate the chaotic output.The complexity and randomness of time series are analyzed by the permutation entropy,skewness,and kurtosis.The result shows that chaotic dynamics is stable when the pump power exceeds a certain value.The visible chaotic all-fiber laser has high stability and can be applied for real-time monitoring and sensing.We believe that this approach may also be feasible for other materials for emission in the visible range.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG),TRR274(Project ID 408885537,Sy Nergy,EXC 2145/ID 390857198,to FMB)。
文摘The remodeling of axonal connections following injury is an important feature driving functional recovery.The reticulospinal tract is an interesting descending motor tract that contains both excitatory and inhibitory fibers.While the reticulospinal tract has been shown to be particularly prone to axonal growth and plasticity following injuries of the spinal cord,the differential capacities of excitatory and inhibitory fibers for plasticity remain unclear.As adaptive axonal plasticity involves a sophisticated interplay between excitatory and inhibitory input,we investigated in this study the plastic potential of glutamatergic(vGlut2)and GABAergic(vGat)fibers originating from the gigantocellular nucleus and the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus,two nuclei important for locomotor function.Using a combination of viral tracing,chemogenetic silencing,and AI-based kinematic analysis,we investigated plasticity and its impact on functional recovery within the first 3 weeks following injury,a period prone to neuronal remodeling.We demonstrate that,in this time frame,while vGlut2-positive fibers within the gigantocellular and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei rewire significantly following cervical spinal cord injury,vGat-positive fibers are rather unresponsive to injury.We also show that the acute silencing of excitatory axonal fibers which rewire in response to lesions of the spinal cord triggers a worsening of the functional recovery.Using kinematic analysis,we also pinpoint the locomotion features associated with the gigantocellular nucleus or lateral paragigantocellular nucleus during functional recovery.Overall,our study increases the understanding of the role of the gigantocellular and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei during functional recovery following spinal cord injury.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51236003)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.1506RJZA076)。
文摘As the speeds of trains increase,higher demands are placed on brake materials.In order to overcome the thermal degradation phenomenon of brake pads during high-speed braking,we prepared copper fiber reinforced alkali-activated slag composite(AASC)friction materials by hot-pressing method,using slag as matrix,Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O as alkali excitant,copper fiber as reinforcement,and graphite as friction modifier.The results show that the AASC prepared by hot-pressing method has undergone alkali-activated reaction and has geopolymer amorphous characteristics as the conventional cast molding AASC by XRD analysis.The addition of copper fibers can improve the mechanical strength and toughness of the composites substantially,and the AASC has the highest flexural strength,compressive strength and impact toughness when the volume fraction of copper fibers reaches 25 vol%.Toughening mechanisms such as drawing,bridging and crack deflection of copper fibers in composites were analyzed by SEM morphology.Addition of appropriate amount of graphite to AASC can effectively reduce the wear rate and improve the stability of the material friction coefficient.The coefficient of friction also remains stable in the high-speed friction experiments without thermal degradation.Therefore,copper fiber reinforced AASC friction materials prepared by hot-pressing method has good mechanical and friction properties.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52303298 and 52233002)。
文摘UHMWPE fibers exhibit impressive modulus and strength,but they have not reached their theoretical limits.Researchers focus on molecular weight,orientation,and crystallinity of UHMWPE,yet their contributions to mechanical properties are unclear.Molecular dynamics simulations are valuable but often limited by computational constraints.Our aim is to simulate higher molecular weights to better represent real UHMWPE fibers.We used Packmol and Polyply methodologies to construct PE systems,with Polyply reproducing more reasonable properties of UHMWPE fibers.Additionally,tensile simulations showed that orientation and crystallinity greatly impact Young's modulus more than molecular weight.Energy decomposition indicated that higher molecular weights lead to covalent bonds that can withstand more energy during stretching,thus increasing breaking strength.Combining simulations with machine learning,we found that orientation has the most significant impact on Young's modulus,contributing 60%,and molecular weight plays the most crucial role in determining the breaking strength,accounting for 65%.This study provides a theoretical basis and guidelines for enhancing UHMWPE's modulus and strength.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170271,32470277)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(222300420024).
文摘Natural colored cotton(NCC)offers a sustainable,dye-free,and eco-friendly alternative for producing colored textiles.Carotenoids,a group of important natural liposoluble pigments,are known for their diverse color spectrum.In this study,we successfully engineered the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway specifically in cotton fibers by utilizing a fiber-specific GbEXPA2 promoter and a CaMV 35S promoter to drive the expression of two key carotenoid biosynthesis genes,CrtB and CrtI,respectively.This approach resulted in the development of a golden fiber cotton germplasm enriched withβ-carotene.Notably,the pigmentation was predominantly observed during the early developmental stages of the fiber(5–20 d post-anthesis).While the presence of carotenoids had no significant effect on plant architecture and growth,it positively influenced the fiber elongation rate,albeit with a slight reduction in fiber length and strength.This study represents a pioneering strategy for the future development of NCCs through carotenoid biofortification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 5186504)the University Science Foundation for Young Science and Technology Talents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China (Grant No. NJYT22078)+2 种基金the Basic Scientific Research Expenses Program of Universities directly under Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No. JY20220059)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ‘Grassland Talent’ project Young Innovative Talent Training Program Level ⅠBasic Research Expenses of Universities directly under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No. ZTY2023040)。
文摘To develop a suitable production process for fiber reinforced investment casting shell mold,three methods were studied:the traditional method(M_(1)),the method of adding fiber into silica sol with mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation(M_(2)),and the method of adding fiber into slurry with mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation for durations of 3,15,30,and 45 min(M_(3)).The bending strength,high-temperature self-load deformation,and thermal conductivity of the shell molds were investigated.The results reveal that the enhancement of fiber dispersion through ultrasonic agitation improves the comprehensive performance of the shell molds.The maximum green bending strength of the shell mold by M_(2) reaches 3.29 MPa,which is 29% higher than that of the shell mold prepared by M_(1).Moreover,the high-temperature self-load deformation of the shell mold is reduced from 0.62% to 0.44%.In addition,simultaneous ultrasonic agitation and mechanical stirring effectively shorten the slurry preparation time while maintaining comparable levels of fiber dispersion.With the process M_(3)-45 min,the fillers are uniformly dispersed in the slurry,and the fired bending strength and the high-temperature self-load deformation reach 6.25 MPa and 0.41%,respectively.Therefore,the proposed ultrasonic agitation route is promising for the fabrication of fiber-reinforced shell molds with excellent fibers dispersion.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(32025029)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32272364)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of food microbiology program(19DZ2281100).
文摘High-fat diets(HFD)disrupt lipid homeostasis,posing major public health risks.This study investigated the effect of ACA-DK,an insoluble dietary fiber derived from Antrodia camphorata,on HFD-induced dyslipidemia.We demonstrate that ACA-DK effectively alleviates HFD-induced dyslipidemia in mice,counteracting metabolic disorders,aberrant blood lipids,and weight gain.Mechanistically,ACA-DK modulates triglycerides,phosphatidylcholine,and phosphatidylethanolamine via glycerophospholipid/choline/linoleic acid metabolism pathways,while rectifying gut dysbiosis through selective reduction of pro-inflammatory genera(Oscillibacter,Ruminiclostridium,Negativibacillus,Ruminococcaceae and Helicobacter).Integrated analysis identifies Ruminococcaceae and Helicobacter as key mediators of ACA-DK's lipid-regulatory effects,establishing microbiota-directed therapy as a strategy against dyslipidemia.We thus propose ACA-DK as a microbiota-directed dual-target therapy,simultaneously reprogramming host lipid metabolism and gut ecology to combat diet-induced metabolic diseases.These findings suggest that ACA-DK is a promising prebiotic dietary fiber for ameliorating HFD-induced lipid metabolic disorders,with potential for future development into functional foods or supplements.
基金supported by the Opening Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory for New Textile Materials and Applications Research(Grant No.FZXCL202410)the Key Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education,China(Grant No.D20231704)+1 种基金Wuhan Textile University(Grant No.523058)the Foundation of Wuhan Textile University(Grant No.K24058)。
文摘Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In this study,tea polyphenolpolyvinyl alcohol(TP-PVA)composite films are synthesized via a polymer embedding method and employed as SAs to initiate ultrafast pulse operation in fiber lasers.The TP-PVA SA film exhibits excellent broadband saturable absorption performance at wavelengths of 1.0μm,1.5μm,and 2.0μm,with modulation depths of 54.21%,41.41%,and 51.16%,respectively.Stable passively mode-locked pulses with pulse widths of 588 fs,419 fs,and 743 fs are generated in Yb-,Er-,and Tm-doped fiber lasers,respectively.This work confirms the effective performance of TP-PVA as a broadband SA,and establishes a foundation for the integration of novel and sustainable materials within ultrafast photonic systems.The approach paves the way for developing compact broadband ultrafast laser systems operating in the near-infrared spectral region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172117,52202105)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2025JC-QYCX-040)。
文摘To address increasing electromagnetic interference and pollution problems,this study proposes a component regulation strategy.Hollow magnetic microspheres derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)were incorporated into carbon fibers(Co@CNFs)through electrospinning technology,forming a sugar-gourd-like heterostructure.This structure promotes the synergy between dielectric and magnetic losses.The full utilization of multi-component synergy and the well-designed heterogeneous interfaces enhances interfacial polarization and optimizes the balance between impedance and high loss.The hollow structure of magnetic microspheres facilitates multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves(EMW).Additionally,the change of heat treatment temperature offers a viable method to adjust the dielectric properties of composites.The results indicate that the Co@CNFs exhibit outstanding EMW attenuation capability,even at an ultralow filler loading of 3 wt%,achieving a reflection loss of-39.7 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.6 GHz.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of component regulation and offers a viable approach for lightweight,high-performance EMW absorption materials.
基金support of her postdoctoral research at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences.P.Pan acknowledges the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52339001)H.Hofmann and Y.Ji acknowledge the financial support of the Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund for the Helmholtz Young Investigator Group ARES(contract number VH-NG-1516).
文摘A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relaxation.Distributed optical fiber sensing was used to measure strains across the sample surface by helically wrapping the single-mode fiber around the cylindrical sample.Close agreement was observed between the circumferential strains obtained from the optical fibers and the extensometer.The reconstructed full-field strain contours show strain heterogeneity from the crack closure phase,and the strains in the later deformation phase are dominantly localized within the former high-strain zone.The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the degree of strain localization and shows an initial increase during the crack closure phase,a decrease during the linear elastic phase,and a subsequent increase during the post-yielding phase.This behavior corresponds to a process of initial localization from an imperfect boundary condition,homogenization,and eventual relocalization prior to the macroscopic failure of the sample.The transient strain rate decay during the stress relaxation phase was quantified using the p-value in the“Omori-like"power law function.A higher initial stress at the onset of relaxation results in a lower p-value,indicating a slower strain rate decay.As the sample approaches macroscopic failure,the lowest p-value shifts from the most damaged zone to adjacent areas,suggesting stress redistribution or crack propagation in deformed crystalline rocks under stress relaxation conditions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12204132)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2021MF122)+1 种基金Shandong Province TechnologyBased SME Innovation Enhancement Project(Grant No.2024TSGC0715)the Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.SDYJSJGC2024107)。
文摘We achieved an ultra-flat broad spectrum output with a 20-dB bandwidth of 77.85 nm in a double-clad Yb-doped fiber laser.The intensity difference between the highest and lowest points of the spectrum indicates a flatness better than4 dB.More notably,this ultra-flat broad spectrum maintains a stable single-pulse mode-locking state.With the increase of pump power,an ultra-wide spectrum with a 20-dB bandwidth approaching 100 nm was formed at a pump power of 2.25 W.Additionally,we obtained a 9-pulse mode-locked state at another PC station with the same pump,which is the highest number of stable mode-locked pulse bursts observed so far with a first-order Raman frequency shift.This fiber laser shows its benefits of ultra-flat broad spectrum,high stability,and ease of fabrication,which provides a new method of obtaining the broadband light source for multiple practical applications.
基金supported by the Key Special Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology(SQ2020YFF0404523)the North Anhui Soybean Advantageous Characteristic Industry Cluster Project(2023CYJQ013)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172162)the Key Genetic Technologies Research and Development Program of Hefei(2021GJ075)the Young Talents Program of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science(QNYC-202122).
文摘Okara is produced in large quantities annually in China,but much of it is discarded due to its high content of indigestible dietary fiber(DF),contributing to significant environmental challenges.Recognizing the underexplored medicinal potential of DF,we developed an efficient fermentation method to enhance the bioavailability of okara fiber.In this study,Pediococcus acidilactici IFJ-1,which has strong enzymatic production capabilities and beneficial effects on gastrointestinal flora modulation,was selected to ferment okara.Results showed decreases in viscosity and particle size,optimized surface structure,improved thermal stability and hydration properties,and a significant increase in soluble DF content from 1.85%to 3.91%.To evaluate the physiological effects,hyperlipidemic mouse models were established and subjected to dietary interventions utilizing okara and fermented okara to measure changes in physicochemical parameters,gut microbiota composition,and lipid metabolism.The dietary intervention was effective,particularly in the fermented okara group,showing a 7.3%weight loss,improved blood lipids(triglycerides:‒39.8%,total cholesterol:‒12.8%,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:‒34.2%,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:+26.2%),and a 22.2%lower liver index.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that fermented okara positively modulated the microbial community by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,Bacteroidota)and reducing the abundance of obesity-associated bacteria(e.g.,Bacillota).Lipid metabolism profiling further demonstrated that fermented okara downregulated harmful lipids(e.g.,(O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids,ceramides,and diacylglycerols)while upregulating beneficial phospholipids(e.g.,phosphatidylinositol,phosphatidylserine,phosphatidylethanolamine,lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidic acid).This study highlights a novel approach for enhancing DF utilization through fermentation,providing valuable insights into strategies for preventing obesity and metabolic diseases.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302472)the Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20230874)+2 种基金the Aeronautical Science Fund(ASF)(Grant No.2023Z057052005)the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)(Grant No.MCAS-I-0124G02)the funding received from Jiangsu Hanvo Safety Product Co.,Ltd。
文摘High-performance fiber fabrics and composites experienced transverse compression deformation at ultrahigh strain rates near the impact point when subjected to high-velocity impacts,which significantly affected their ballistic limits.In this paper,a fiber-scale experimental method for characterizing ultrahigh strain-rate transverse compression behavior was proposed.To begin with,in order to measure the extremely low stress and strain in small specimens,the conventional Hopkinson bar was reduced to the hundred-micron scale,thereby achieving wave impedance matching with single fibers.In addition,tangential and normal laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV)methods were employed to realize non-contact,high-precision,and high-speed axial velocity measurements of micron-scale incident and transmission bars,respectively.Meanwhile,a microscopic observation system was used to facilitate the installation of miniature fiber samples.The experimental setup and procedures were introduced,and the system accuracy was verified through sample-free loading tests based on one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory.Dynamic compression experiments on Graphene-UHMWPE fibers were carried out,followed by post-compression microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Results demonstrated that successful mechanical characterization was achieved at strain rates exceeding 105,an order of magnitude higher than the previously reported maximum rates.Furthermore,during the loading process,the fibers underwent uniform compression deformation while exhibiting pronounced strain-rate effects.This method offers a novel approach for dynamic mechanical characterization of microscale single fibers,enabling the development of comprehensive strain-ratedependent material models to guide the design of advanced composites and high-performance fibers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3809800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172249,52525601)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Talents Program(E2290701)the Jiangsu Province Talents Program(JSSCRC2023545)the Special Fund Project of Carbon Peaking Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation of Jiangsu Province(BE2022011).
文摘Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.
