High-order asymmetric flatness defects resulting from the abnormal state of roll system are the main issue of precision rolling mill in the manufacturing process of high-strength thin strip.Due to the difficulty of mo...High-order asymmetric flatness defects resulting from the abnormal state of roll system are the main issue of precision rolling mill in the manufacturing process of high-strength thin strip.Due to the difficulty of monitoring and adjusting the abnormal state,the spatial state of roll system cannot be controlled by traditional methods.It is difficult to fundamentally improve these high-order asymmetric flatness defects.Therefore,a digital twin model of flatness control process for S6-high rolling mill was established,which could be used to analyze the influence of the abnormal state on the flatness control characteristic and propose improvement strategies.The internal relationship between the force state of side support roll system and the abnormal state of roll system was proposed.The XGBoost algorithm model was established to analyze the contribution degree of the side support roll system force to the flatness characteristic quantity.The abnormal state of roll system in the S6-high rolling mill can be diagnosed by analyzing the flatness characteristic difference between flatness value of the rolled strip and calculated characteristic value of finite element simulation.The flatness optimization model of the gray wolf optimization–long short-term memory non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm(GWO-LSTM-NSWOA)was established,and the decision-making selection was made from the Pareto frontier based on the flatness requirements of cold rolling to regulate the abnormal state of the roll system.The results indicate that the contribution degree of the force of the side support roll system to the flatness characteristics is more than 25%,which is the main influence of high-order asymmetric flatness defect.The performance of the GWO-LSTM flatness feature prediction model has clear advantages over back propagation and LSTM.The practical applications show that optimizing the force of side support roll system can reduce the high point of high-strength strip flatness from 13.2 to 6 IU and decrease the percentage of low-strength strip flatness defects from 1.6%to 1.2%.This optimization greatly reduced the proportion of flatness defects,improved the accuracy level of flatness control of precision rolling mill,and provided a guarantee for the stable production of thin strip.展开更多
To address the issue of post-rolling warpage caused by differences in material properties during the composite rolling process of steel/aluminum thin strips,stress analysis was conducted at the entrance,middle,and exi...To address the issue of post-rolling warpage caused by differences in material properties during the composite rolling process of steel/aluminum thin strips,stress analysis was conducted at the entrance,middle,and exit sides of the rolling deformation zone for both steel and aluminum units.The unequal characteristics of the upper and lower contact arc lengths and the micromoment phenomenon,generated by the transfer of force between adjacent units on the aluminum side,were analyzed to explain the mechanical mechanism of warpage in the composite rolling process.A formula for calculating the contact arc length in the upper and lower rolling deformation zones was derived using the relationships among the contact arc length,rolling force,roll parameters,and strip parameters.On the basis of the deformation characteristics of steel and aluminum in the rolling deformation zone,the concepts of the inlet half-rolling zone,relative sliding zone,rolling composite zone,and outlet half-rolling zone were proposed.A quantitative model for characterizing warpage during the composite rolling of steel/aluminum composite thin strips was established.These results indicate that adjusting the diameters of the upper and lower work rolls is an effective method for controlling warpage defects and that warpage plays a dominant role in steel/aluminum thin strip composite rolling.Furthermore,finite element simulations of steel/aluminum composites rolled with different upper and lower roll diameters verified the deformation mechanism and influence of roll diameter differences on warpage defects.展开更多
The microstructure of AISI 304 austenlte stainless steel fabricated by the thin strip casting process were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, transmission electron microscope ...The microstructure of AISI 304 austenlte stainless steel fabricated by the thin strip casting process were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The microstructures of the casting strips show a duplex structure consisting of delta ferrite and austenite. The volume fraction of the delta ferrite is about 9.74vo1% at the center and 6.77vo1% at the surface of the casting thin strip, in vermicular and hand shapes. On account of rapid cooling and solidification in the continuous casting process, many kinds of inclusions and precipitates have been found. Most of the inclusions and precipitates are spherical complex compounds consisting of oxides, such as, SiO2, MnO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, and FeO or their multiplicity oxides of MnO.Al2O3, 2FeO.SiO2, and 2MnO.SiO2. Many defects including dislocations and stacking faults have also formed during the rapid cooling and solidification process, which is helpful to improve the mechanical properties of the casting strips.展开更多
Mg-Al-Zn alloy thin strips were prepared by vertical twin-roll casting.Effects of Al and Ca on the microstructure and the surface defects of the thin strips were investigated.The results show that with the increase of...Mg-Al-Zn alloy thin strips were prepared by vertical twin-roll casting.Effects of Al and Ca on the microstructure and the surface defects of the thin strips were investigated.The results show that with the increase of Al content,the quantity of surface cracks of the thin strips increases rapidly and their locations are moved to the center of the thin strips.The alloy melts with more than 0.10%Ca(mass fraction)stick on the roller and a poor surface quality of the thin strips appears.With the increase of Al content,the microstructure of the thin strips evolves from singleα-Mg phase,characterized by the uniform and equiaxed recrystallization grains, to the combination of dendriticα-Mg with Al supersaturatedα-Mg.The minor addition of Ca can obviously refine the grains of Mg-3Al-1Zn thin strip because the formation of Al2Ca and the finest grains are obtained by adding 0.08%Ca.展开更多
In this paper,based on three different kinds of ceramic side dams for thin strip antinuous casting,the friction and wearing property were studied.The effects of friction pressure,temperature and friction time on the f...In this paper,based on three different kinds of ceramic side dams for thin strip antinuous casting,the friction and wearing property were studied.The effects of friction pressure,temperature and friction time on the friction and wearing property of the ceramic side dam were researched.What’s more,the friction mechanism and wearing mechanism of the ceramic side dam were researched as well.Results show that the ceramic side dam of BN-SiA lO N has the best wearing resistance property.while at room temperature,16 min of friction time and0.35 MPa of friction pressure,the test friction coefficient is 0.60 and wearing capacity is 272.358 mm-3.In addition,when at 400℃,16 min of friction time and 0.18MPa of friction pressure,the test friction coefficient is0.70.The friction mechanism of ceramic side dam with the opposite wearing material is mainly the composite wear of adhesion,abrasive and fatigue.展开更多
In this paper,the mechanics of strip edge cracks and its propagation has been studied,and the effects of strip edge drop and stress intensity factor(SIF) on edge crack defections during cold rolling of thin strip have...In this paper,the mechanics of strip edge cracks and its propagation has been studied,and the effects of strip edge drop and stress intensity factor(SIF) on edge crack defections during cold rolling of thin strip have been discussed.An experimental investigation was presented into the effect of strip edge drop on edge cracks during cold rolling of thin strip.The edge crack increases significantly due to more inhomogeneous deformation and work hardening at the strip edge.The effective stress intensity factor range is important as it represents the major physical cause of the crack propagation.The efficiency and reliability of the SIF analytical model has been demonstrated in the study.The proposed method for predicting strip edge crack is helpful in producing defect-free products and providing an understanding of the mechanics of edge crack propagation in cold rolling of thin strip.展开更多
In this study, the temperature field model of twin-roll thin strip continuous casting was developed, and the interface heat transfer coefficient between the air and the strip surface was computed by using the inverse ...In this study, the temperature field model of twin-roll thin strip continuous casting was developed, and the interface heat transfer coefficient between the air and the strip surface was computed by using the inverse method. The effects of the process parameters including the casting speed, liquid level height, pouring temperature and thickness of the thin strip on the outlet temperature of the rotating rolls and the surface temperature of the thin strip were analyzed.展开更多
An analytical method was proposed to solve the mechanical problems of stamping a thin strip on an elastic foundation. The thin strip was divided into four parts according to its deformation and contact with the punch ...An analytical method was proposed to solve the mechanical problems of stamping a thin strip on an elastic foundation. The thin strip was divided into four parts according to its deformation and contact with the punch and the elastic foundation, especially an elastic-plastic part was considered in the deflection of the thin strip. Analytical solutions were derived individually for each part and two models were established with the help of elastic and plastic large deflection theories. Compatibility conditions between the neighboring parts of the thin strip constructed the non-linear equation group. Solutions were carried out by programming with a software. The deformation shape, the membrane force, and the moment and shear force of the deformed thin strip were obtained. The results of the two models were compared. The study shows that the method is effective.展开更多
A stripping method for the determination of hypoxanthine in the presence of copper at the submicromolar concentration levels is described. The method is based on controlled adsorptive accumulation of hypoxanthine-copp...A stripping method for the determination of hypoxanthine in the presence of copper at the submicromolar concentration levels is described. The method is based on controlled adsorptive accumulation of hypoxanthine-copper at the thin-film mercury electrode followed by a fast linear scan voltammetric measurement of the surface species. Optimum experimental conditions were found to be the use of 1.0 × 10﹣3 mol·L﹣1 NaOH solution as electrolyte supporting, an accumulation potential of ﹣0.50 V and a linear scan rate of 200 mV·s﹣1. The response of hypoxanthine-copper is linear over the concentration ranges of 10 - 60 ppb. For an accumulation time of 30 minutes, the detection limit was found to be 250 ppt (1.8 × 10﹣9 mol·L﹣1). Adequate conditions for measuring the hypoxanthine in the presence of metal ions, xanthine, uric acid and other nitrogenated bases were also investigated. The utility of the method is demonstrated by the presence of hypoxanthine associated in ATP or ssDNA.展开更多
Using 3-D elastic-plastic FEM, the cold strip rolling process in a 4-high mill was simulated. The elastic deformation of rolls, the plastic deformation of the strip, and the pressure between the work roll and the back...Using 3-D elastic-plastic FEM, the cold strip rolling process in a 4-high mill was simulated. The elastic deformation of rolls, the plastic deformation of the strip, and the pressure between the work roll and the backup roll were taken into account. The distribution of rolling pressure along the strip width was obtained. Based on the simulation results, the peak value of rolling pressure and the location of the peak were analyzed under different rolling conditions. The effects of the roll bending force and the strip width on the distribution of rolling pressure along the width direction were determined.展开更多
The theory of metal plastic deformation is an important part of the strip shape control theories. In order to control the shape and gauge accurately during cold thin strip rolling, the mechanism of the metal lateral f...The theory of metal plastic deformation is an important part of the strip shape control theories. In order to control the shape and gauge accurately during cold thin strip rolling, the mechanism of the metal lateral flow must be revealed clearly. Therefore, the lateral displacement of thin strip was studied by the grid method. Those grids with a line thickness of 10 μm and clear boundaries were successfully manufactured on the strip surface using lithography. Then, the effects of reduction, front and back tension, and taper angle of the first intermediate roll on the metal lateral flow were studied. The strip shape was calculated with and without considering the lateral displacement; furthermore, the calculations were compared with the measured results. The results show that the calculations with considering the lateral displacement are closer to the measured results. In addition, the comparison of finite element analysis results with the experimental results indicates that the test method was reliable.展开更多
The twin roll caster for aluminum alloys has many a dv antages. For example, rapid solidification, low equipment cost, and low running cost, etc. However, the twin roll caster has some disadvantages. They are slow c a...The twin roll caster for aluminum alloys has many a dv antages. For example, rapid solidification, low equipment cost, and low running cost, etc. However, the twin roll caster has some disadvantages. They are slow c asting speed and limitation of alloys. In the conventional twin roll caster, the casting speed is slower than 10 m/min. Aluminum alloys, which freezing range is wide, can not be cast. In the present study, break through of these problems wa s tried, and a new type twin roll caster was devised. A vertical type twin roll caster equipped with a nozzle was devised in order to cast aluminum strips at the speeds higher than 60 m/min. Characteristic features of this caster were vertical type, use of copper rolls, low separating force (n o operation of rolling), no use of lubricant, and equipment of the nozzle. In th e high speed roll casting, feed of molten metal of the vertical type twin roll c aster was easier than that of the conventional horizontal type caster. The use o f the copper rolls made cooling rate higher. The low separating force and the us e of the copper rolls prevented sticking of the strip to the roll. The lubricant was not needed, as the sticking of the strip to the roll did not occur. No use of the lubricant was useful to increase the cooling rate and casting speed of th e strip. The nozzle was used in order to improve contact condition (heat transfe r) between the melt and the rolls by hydrostatic pressure. In the twin roll cast er of the present study, many devices were done to improve the cooling condition of the strip in order to increase the casting speed. It was said that the roll casting of A5182 was very difficult, as freezing zone of A5182 was very wide. However, A5182 strip could be cast at high speeds up to 120 m/min using the twin roll caster of the present study. The microstructure of the strip cast using the conventional type twin roll caster is columnar structu re. The microstructure of the strip cast using the twin roll caster of the prese nt study was not columnar but equiaxed structure. It is said that mechanical pro perties of the strip cast using the twin roll caster is cheaper than that of the strip made from DC casting. However, the mechanical properties of the strip cas t using the twin roll caster in the present study were almost same as the proper ties of the strip made from DC casting. The thickness of the strip cast using th e twin roll caster of the present study was from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, and this thic kness was thinner than that of the strip cast using the conventional twin roll c aster. Semisolid roll casting was tried in order to increase the roll speed more and mo re. The twin roll caster of the present study was equipped with a cooling slope in order to make semisolid slurry. The cooling slope was the simplest process to make the semisolid slurry. Solid rate of the semisolid slurry was about 10%. Th e casting speed increased up to 180 m/min by the effect of semisolid casting. Me chanical properties were improved by the semisolid casting, too.展开更多
The morphology of manganese sulfide formed during thin slab continuous casting process in low-carbon steel produced by compact strip production （CSP） technique was investigated. Using transmission electron microscop...The morphology of manganese sulfide formed during thin slab continuous casting process in low-carbon steel produced by compact strip production （CSP） technique was investigated. Using transmission electron microscopy analysis, it was seen that a majority of manganese sulfides precipitated at austenite grain boundaries, the morphologies of which were spherical or close to the spherical shape and the size of MnS precipitates ranged from 30 nm to 100 nm. A mathematical model of the manganese sulfide precipitation in this process was developed based on classical nucleation theory. Under the given conditions, the starting and finishing precipitation temperatures of MnS in the continuous casting thin slab of the studied low-carbon steel are 1 189 ℃ and 1 171 ℃, respectively, and the average diameter of MnS precipitates is about 48 nm within this precipitation temperature range. The influences of chemical components and thermo-mechanical processing conditions on the precipitation behavior of MnS in the same process were also discussed.展开更多
Large quantity of fine Ti（C,N） particles, 15-30 nm in size, were observed in low carbon hot strips added to a small amount of Ti and produced by CSP process. The results showed that the precipitation of Ti（C,N） mo...Large quantity of fine Ti（C,N） particles, 15-30 nm in size, were observed in low carbon hot strips added to a small amount of Ti and produced by CSP process. The results showed that the precipitation of Ti（C,N） mostly took place during soaking and hot rolling, which is significantly different from that in the conventional production. These fine Ti carbonitride particles could be very effective on the austenite grain refinement by hindering grain growth of recrystallized austenite. Their precipitation behavior was discussed and compared with that of the steels produced in the conventional production.展开更多
This paper describes a stripping method for the determination of zidovudine at the submicromolar concentration levels. This method is based on the controlled adsorptive accumulation of zidovudine at the thin-film merc...This paper describes a stripping method for the determination of zidovudine at the submicromolar concentration levels. This method is based on the controlled adsorptive accumulation of zidovudine at the thin-film mercury electrode, followed by a linear-sweep stripping voltammetry measurement of the surface species. Optimal experimental conditions include a NaOH solution of 2.0 × 10–3 mol●L–1 (sup-porting electrolyte), an accumulation potential of –0.30 V and a scan rate of 100 mV?s–1. The response of zidovudine is linear over the concentration range 0.01 - 0.08 ppm. After an accumulation time of 5 minutes, the detection limit was found to be 0.67 ppb (2.5 × 10–9 mol●L–1). More convenient methods to measure zidovudine concentration in the presence of the didanosine, acyclovir, nevirapine, lamivudine, and efavirenz, were also investigated. The presence of zidovudine together with ATP or ssDNA demonstrates the utility of this method.展开更多
20-high mills often face various flatness problems in the production of cold-rolled stainless steel thin strips.The flatness prediction model is essential for flatness control techniques.A novel rapid prediction model...20-high mills often face various flatness problems in the production of cold-rolled stainless steel thin strips.The flatness prediction model is essential for flatness control techniques.A novel rapid prediction model for flatness in a 20-high mill is proposed based on a model coupling method capable of forecasting the flatness of cold-rolled stainless steel thin strips under symmetric and asymmetric rolling conditions.The model integrates deformation coordination equations between rolls,force and moment balance equations,strip exit transverse displacement equations,and no-load roll gap equations into a unified set of linear equations.This solution process avoids repeated iterations between the elastic deformation model of the roll system and the plastic deformation model of the strip,which is a limitation of the traditional method and significantly improves the calculation speed and stability.The accuracy of the model was verified via a ZR22B-52 Sendzimir 20-high mill.The measured and calculated flatness values highly coincided,confirming the model’s accuracy.Rolling calculations of 304 stainless steel thin strips demonstrate that the new model results are consistent with those of the traditional method.The calculation time of the new model is only approximately 0.04%-0.35%that of the traditional method.On this basis,the impact of common flatness control methods on the flatness has been analyzed.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3812602).
文摘High-order asymmetric flatness defects resulting from the abnormal state of roll system are the main issue of precision rolling mill in the manufacturing process of high-strength thin strip.Due to the difficulty of monitoring and adjusting the abnormal state,the spatial state of roll system cannot be controlled by traditional methods.It is difficult to fundamentally improve these high-order asymmetric flatness defects.Therefore,a digital twin model of flatness control process for S6-high rolling mill was established,which could be used to analyze the influence of the abnormal state on the flatness control characteristic and propose improvement strategies.The internal relationship between the force state of side support roll system and the abnormal state of roll system was proposed.The XGBoost algorithm model was established to analyze the contribution degree of the side support roll system force to the flatness characteristic quantity.The abnormal state of roll system in the S6-high rolling mill can be diagnosed by analyzing the flatness characteristic difference between flatness value of the rolled strip and calculated characteristic value of finite element simulation.The flatness optimization model of the gray wolf optimization–long short-term memory non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm(GWO-LSTM-NSWOA)was established,and the decision-making selection was made from the Pareto frontier based on the flatness requirements of cold rolling to regulate the abnormal state of the roll system.The results indicate that the contribution degree of the force of the side support roll system to the flatness characteristics is more than 25%,which is the main influence of high-order asymmetric flatness defect.The performance of the GWO-LSTM flatness feature prediction model has clear advantages over back propagation and LSTM.The practical applications show that optimizing the force of side support roll system can reduce the high point of high-strength strip flatness from 13.2 to 6 IU and decrease the percentage of low-strength strip flatness defects from 1.6%to 1.2%.This optimization greatly reduced the proportion of flatness defects,improved the accuracy level of flatness control of precision rolling mill,and provided a guarantee for the stable production of thin strip.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52305406)Basic Research Program Project in Shanxi(No.202303021212046)+2 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2024Q008)Open Research Fund from National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment(No.S2308100.W15)Major Science and Technology Projects in Hebei(No.23280101Z).
文摘To address the issue of post-rolling warpage caused by differences in material properties during the composite rolling process of steel/aluminum thin strips,stress analysis was conducted at the entrance,middle,and exit sides of the rolling deformation zone for both steel and aluminum units.The unequal characteristics of the upper and lower contact arc lengths and the micromoment phenomenon,generated by the transfer of force between adjacent units on the aluminum side,were analyzed to explain the mechanical mechanism of warpage in the composite rolling process.A formula for calculating the contact arc length in the upper and lower rolling deformation zones was derived using the relationships among the contact arc length,rolling force,roll parameters,and strip parameters.On the basis of the deformation characteristics of steel and aluminum in the rolling deformation zone,the concepts of the inlet half-rolling zone,relative sliding zone,rolling composite zone,and outlet half-rolling zone were proposed.A quantitative model for characterizing warpage during the composite rolling of steel/aluminum composite thin strips was established.These results indicate that adjusting the diameters of the upper and lower work rolls is an effective method for controlling warpage defects and that warpage plays a dominant role in steel/aluminum thin strip composite rolling.Furthermore,finite element simulations of steel/aluminum composites rolled with different upper and lower roll diameters verified the deformation mechanism and influence of roll diameter differences on warpage defects.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50572005)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.50325209), and "863" Program (No.2006AA03Z351).
文摘The microstructure of AISI 304 austenlte stainless steel fabricated by the thin strip casting process were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The microstructures of the casting strips show a duplex structure consisting of delta ferrite and austenite. The volume fraction of the delta ferrite is about 9.74vo1% at the center and 6.77vo1% at the surface of the casting thin strip, in vermicular and hand shapes. On account of rapid cooling and solidification in the continuous casting process, many kinds of inclusions and precipitates have been found. Most of the inclusions and precipitates are spherical complex compounds consisting of oxides, such as, SiO2, MnO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, and FeO or their multiplicity oxides of MnO.Al2O3, 2FeO.SiO2, and 2MnO.SiO2. Many defects including dislocations and stacking faults have also formed during the rapid cooling and solidification process, which is helpful to improve the mechanical properties of the casting strips.
基金Project(50604020)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007CB613706)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China+1 种基金Project(2009AA03Z507)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(CSTC2008AA4028)supported by Key Program of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission,China
文摘Mg-Al-Zn alloy thin strips were prepared by vertical twin-roll casting.Effects of Al and Ca on the microstructure and the surface defects of the thin strips were investigated.The results show that with the increase of Al content,the quantity of surface cracks of the thin strips increases rapidly and their locations are moved to the center of the thin strips.The alloy melts with more than 0.10%Ca(mass fraction)stick on the roller and a poor surface quality of the thin strips appears.With the increase of Al content,the microstructure of the thin strips evolves from singleα-Mg phase,characterized by the uniform and equiaxed recrystallization grains, to the combination of dendriticα-Mg with Al supersaturatedα-Mg.The minor addition of Ca can obviously refine the grains of Mg-3Al-1Zn thin strip because the formation of Al2Ca and the finest grains are obtained by adding 0.08%Ca.
文摘In this paper,based on three different kinds of ceramic side dams for thin strip antinuous casting,the friction and wearing property were studied.The effects of friction pressure,temperature and friction time on the friction and wearing property of the ceramic side dam were researched.What’s more,the friction mechanism and wearing mechanism of the ceramic side dam were researched as well.Results show that the ceramic side dam of BN-SiA lO N has the best wearing resistance property.while at room temperature,16 min of friction time and0.35 MPa of friction pressure,the test friction coefficient is 0.60 and wearing capacity is 272.358 mm-3.In addition,when at 400℃,16 min of friction time and 0.18MPa of friction pressure,the test friction coefficient is0.70.The friction mechanism of ceramic side dam with the opposite wearing material is mainly the composite wear of adhesion,abrasive and fatigue.
文摘In this paper,the mechanics of strip edge cracks and its propagation has been studied,and the effects of strip edge drop and stress intensity factor(SIF) on edge crack defections during cold rolling of thin strip have been discussed.An experimental investigation was presented into the effect of strip edge drop on edge cracks during cold rolling of thin strip.The edge crack increases significantly due to more inhomogeneous deformation and work hardening at the strip edge.The effective stress intensity factor range is important as it represents the major physical cause of the crack propagation.The efficiency and reliability of the SIF analytical model has been demonstrated in the study.The proposed method for predicting strip edge crack is helpful in producing defect-free products and providing an understanding of the mechanics of edge crack propagation in cold rolling of thin strip.
文摘In this study, the temperature field model of twin-roll thin strip continuous casting was developed, and the interface heat transfer coefficient between the air and the strip surface was computed by using the inverse method. The effects of the process parameters including the casting speed, liquid level height, pouring temperature and thickness of the thin strip on the outlet temperature of the rotating rolls and the surface temperature of the thin strip were analyzed.
基金Project(04JJ40035) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China Project(2003AA331090) supported by the High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘An analytical method was proposed to solve the mechanical problems of stamping a thin strip on an elastic foundation. The thin strip was divided into four parts according to its deformation and contact with the punch and the elastic foundation, especially an elastic-plastic part was considered in the deflection of the thin strip. Analytical solutions were derived individually for each part and two models were established with the help of elastic and plastic large deflection theories. Compatibility conditions between the neighboring parts of the thin strip constructed the non-linear equation group. Solutions were carried out by programming with a software. The deformation shape, the membrane force, and the moment and shear force of the deformed thin strip were obtained. The results of the two models were compared. The study shows that the method is effective.
文摘A stripping method for the determination of hypoxanthine in the presence of copper at the submicromolar concentration levels is described. The method is based on controlled adsorptive accumulation of hypoxanthine-copper at the thin-film mercury electrode followed by a fast linear scan voltammetric measurement of the surface species. Optimum experimental conditions were found to be the use of 1.0 × 10﹣3 mol·L﹣1 NaOH solution as electrolyte supporting, an accumulation potential of ﹣0.50 V and a linear scan rate of 200 mV·s﹣1. The response of hypoxanthine-copper is linear over the concentration ranges of 10 - 60 ppb. For an accumulation time of 30 minutes, the detection limit was found to be 250 ppt (1.8 × 10﹣9 mol·L﹣1). Adequate conditions for measuring the hypoxanthine in the presence of metal ions, xanthine, uric acid and other nitrogenated bases were also investigated. The utility of the method is demonstrated by the presence of hypoxanthine associated in ATP or ssDNA.
基金Item Sponsored by Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2003AA33G010) National Basic Research Program of China (G2000067208-4)
文摘Using 3-D elastic-plastic FEM, the cold strip rolling process in a 4-high mill was simulated. The elastic deformation of rolls, the plastic deformation of the strip, and the pressure between the work roll and the backup roll were taken into account. The distribution of rolling pressure along the strip width was obtained. Based on the simulation results, the peak value of rolling pressure and the location of the peak were analyzed under different rolling conditions. The effects of the roll bending force and the strip width on the distribution of rolling pressure along the width direction were determined.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51474190）, Natural Science Foundation of HeBei Province （E2015203311）, and Taiyuan City Science and Technology Major Projects （170203）.
文摘The theory of metal plastic deformation is an important part of the strip shape control theories. In order to control the shape and gauge accurately during cold thin strip rolling, the mechanism of the metal lateral flow must be revealed clearly. Therefore, the lateral displacement of thin strip was studied by the grid method. Those grids with a line thickness of 10 μm and clear boundaries were successfully manufactured on the strip surface using lithography. Then, the effects of reduction, front and back tension, and taper angle of the first intermediate roll on the metal lateral flow were studied. The strip shape was calculated with and without considering the lateral displacement; furthermore, the calculations were compared with the measured results. The results show that the calculations with considering the lateral displacement are closer to the measured results. In addition, the comparison of finite element analysis results with the experimental results indicates that the test method was reliable.
文摘The twin roll caster for aluminum alloys has many a dv antages. For example, rapid solidification, low equipment cost, and low running cost, etc. However, the twin roll caster has some disadvantages. They are slow c asting speed and limitation of alloys. In the conventional twin roll caster, the casting speed is slower than 10 m/min. Aluminum alloys, which freezing range is wide, can not be cast. In the present study, break through of these problems wa s tried, and a new type twin roll caster was devised. A vertical type twin roll caster equipped with a nozzle was devised in order to cast aluminum strips at the speeds higher than 60 m/min. Characteristic features of this caster were vertical type, use of copper rolls, low separating force (n o operation of rolling), no use of lubricant, and equipment of the nozzle. In th e high speed roll casting, feed of molten metal of the vertical type twin roll c aster was easier than that of the conventional horizontal type caster. The use o f the copper rolls made cooling rate higher. The low separating force and the us e of the copper rolls prevented sticking of the strip to the roll. The lubricant was not needed, as the sticking of the strip to the roll did not occur. No use of the lubricant was useful to increase the cooling rate and casting speed of th e strip. The nozzle was used in order to improve contact condition (heat transfe r) between the melt and the rolls by hydrostatic pressure. In the twin roll cast er of the present study, many devices were done to improve the cooling condition of the strip in order to increase the casting speed. It was said that the roll casting of A5182 was very difficult, as freezing zone of A5182 was very wide. However, A5182 strip could be cast at high speeds up to 120 m/min using the twin roll caster of the present study. The microstructure of the strip cast using the conventional type twin roll caster is columnar structu re. The microstructure of the strip cast using the twin roll caster of the prese nt study was not columnar but equiaxed structure. It is said that mechanical pro perties of the strip cast using the twin roll caster is cheaper than that of the strip made from DC casting. However, the mechanical properties of the strip cas t using the twin roll caster in the present study were almost same as the proper ties of the strip made from DC casting. The thickness of the strip cast using th e twin roll caster of the present study was from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, and this thic kness was thinner than that of the strip cast using the conventional twin roll c aster. Semisolid roll casting was tried in order to increase the roll speed more and mo re. The twin roll caster of the present study was equipped with a cooling slope in order to make semisolid slurry. The cooling slope was the simplest process to make the semisolid slurry. Solid rate of the semisolid slurry was about 10%. Th e casting speed increased up to 180 m/min by the effect of semisolid casting. Me chanical properties were improved by the semisolid casting, too.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50334010) and Fokying Tung Education Foundation (104017)
文摘The morphology of manganese sulfide formed during thin slab continuous casting process in low-carbon steel produced by compact strip production （CSP） technique was investigated. Using transmission electron microscopy analysis, it was seen that a majority of manganese sulfides precipitated at austenite grain boundaries, the morphologies of which were spherical or close to the spherical shape and the size of MnS precipitates ranged from 30 nm to 100 nm. A mathematical model of the manganese sulfide precipitation in this process was developed based on classical nucleation theory. Under the given conditions, the starting and finishing precipitation temperatures of MnS in the continuous casting thin slab of the studied low-carbon steel are 1 189 ℃ and 1 171 ℃, respectively, and the average diameter of MnS precipitates is about 48 nm within this precipitation temperature range. The influences of chemical components and thermo-mechanical processing conditions on the precipitation behavior of MnS in the same process were also discussed.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50371009)
文摘Large quantity of fine Ti（C,N） particles, 15-30 nm in size, were observed in low carbon hot strips added to a small amount of Ti and produced by CSP process. The results showed that the precipitation of Ti（C,N） mostly took place during soaking and hot rolling, which is significantly different from that in the conventional production. These fine Ti carbonitride particles could be very effective on the austenite grain refinement by hindering grain growth of recrystallized austenite. Their precipitation behavior was discussed and compared with that of the steels produced in the conventional production.
文摘This paper describes a stripping method for the determination of zidovudine at the submicromolar concentration levels. This method is based on the controlled adsorptive accumulation of zidovudine at the thin-film mercury electrode, followed by a linear-sweep stripping voltammetry measurement of the surface species. Optimal experimental conditions include a NaOH solution of 2.0 × 10–3 mol●L–1 (sup-porting electrolyte), an accumulation potential of –0.30 V and a scan rate of 100 mV?s–1. The response of zidovudine is linear over the concentration range 0.01 - 0.08 ppm. After an accumulation time of 5 minutes, the detection limit was found to be 0.67 ppb (2.5 × 10–9 mol●L–1). More convenient methods to measure zidovudine concentration in the presence of the didanosine, acyclovir, nevirapine, lamivudine, and efavirenz, were also investigated. The presence of zidovudine together with ATP or ssDNA demonstrates the utility of this method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20118)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2023203065)the National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment,China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.(No.S2208100.W04).Author infor。
文摘20-high mills often face various flatness problems in the production of cold-rolled stainless steel thin strips.The flatness prediction model is essential for flatness control techniques.A novel rapid prediction model for flatness in a 20-high mill is proposed based on a model coupling method capable of forecasting the flatness of cold-rolled stainless steel thin strips under symmetric and asymmetric rolling conditions.The model integrates deformation coordination equations between rolls,force and moment balance equations,strip exit transverse displacement equations,and no-load roll gap equations into a unified set of linear equations.This solution process avoids repeated iterations between the elastic deformation model of the roll system and the plastic deformation model of the strip,which is a limitation of the traditional method and significantly improves the calculation speed and stability.The accuracy of the model was verified via a ZR22B-52 Sendzimir 20-high mill.The measured and calculated flatness values highly coincided,confirming the model’s accuracy.Rolling calculations of 304 stainless steel thin strips demonstrate that the new model results are consistent with those of the traditional method.The calculation time of the new model is only approximately 0.04%-0.35%that of the traditional method.On this basis,the impact of common flatness control methods on the flatness has been analyzed.
