Background Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications in the older surgical population,but its pathogenesis and biomarkers are largely undetermined.Retinal layer thickness has been demonstrated to ...Background Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications in the older surgical population,but its pathogenesis and biomarkers are largely undetermined.Retinal layer thickness has been demonstrated to be associated with cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.However,relatively little is known about possible retinal layer thickness among patients with postoperative delirium.Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness and postoperative delirium in this cross-sectional study.Methods The participants(≥65 years old)having elective surgery under general anaesthesia were screened via medical records from Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital.Preoperative macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer(RNFL)thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography(OCT).The Confusion Assessment Method(CAM)algorithm and CAM-Severity(CAM-S)were used to assess the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium on the first,second and third days after surgery.Results Among 169 participants(mean(standard deviation(SD)71.15(4.36)years),40(24%)developed postoperative delirium.Notably,individuals who developed postoperative delirium exhibited thicker preoperative macular thickness in the right eye compared with those who did not(mean(SD)283.35(27.97)µm vs 273.84(20.14)µm,p=0.013).Furthermore,the thicker preoperative macular thickness of the right eye was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative delirium(adjusted odds ratio 1.593,95%confidence interval(CI)1.093 to 2.322,p=0.015)and greater severity(adjusted mean difference(β)=0.256,95%CI 0.037 to 0.476,p=0.022)after adjustment for age,sex and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores.However,such a difference or association did not appear in the left macular or bilateral peripapillary RNFL thicknesses.Conclusions Current findings demonstrated that preoperative macular thickness might serve as a potential non-invasive marker for the vulnerability of developing postoperative delirium in older surgical patients.Further large-scale validation studies should be performed to confirm these results.展开更多
The influence of the drop-casted nickel boride catalyst loading on glassy carbon electrodes was investigated in a spectroelectrochemical ATR-FTIR thin-film flow cell applied in alkaline glycerol electrooxidation.The c...The influence of the drop-casted nickel boride catalyst loading on glassy carbon electrodes was investigated in a spectroelectrochemical ATR-FTIR thin-film flow cell applied in alkaline glycerol electrooxidation.The continuously operated radial flow cell consisted of a borehole electrode positioned 50μm above an internal reflection element enabling operando FTIR spectroscopy.It is identified as a suitable tool for facile and reproducible screening of electrocatalysts under well-defined conditions,additionally providing access to the selectivities in complex reaction networks such as glycerol oxidation.The fast product identification by ATR-IR spectroscopy was validated by the more time-consuming quantitative HPLC analysis of the pumped electrolyte.High degrees of glycerol conversion were achieved under the applied laminar flow conditions using 0.1 M glycerol and 1 M KOH in water and a flow rate of 5μL min^(–1).Conversion and selectivity were found to depend on the catalyst loading,which determined the catalyst layer thickness and roughness.The highest loading of 210μg cm^(–2)resulted in 73%conversion and a higher formate selectivity of almost 80%,which is ascribed to longer residence times in rougher films favoring readsorption and C–C bond scission.The lowest loading of 13μg cm^(–2)was sufficient to reach 63%conversion,a lower formate selectivity of 60%,and,correspondingly,higher selectivities of C_(2)species such as glycolate amounting to 8%.Thus,only low catalyst loadings resulting in very thin films in the fewμm thickness range are suitable for reliable catalyst screening.展开更多
Purpose:To provide a geographical map of choroidal thickness(CT)around the macular region armong subjects with low,moderate and high myopia.Methods:20 myopic subjects(n=40 eyes)without other identified pathologies par...Purpose:To provide a geographical map of choroidal thickness(CT)around the macular region armong subjects with low,moderate and high myopia.Methods:20 myopic subjects(n=40 eyes)without other identified pathologies participated in this study:20 eyes of≤3 diopters(D)(low myopic),10 eyes between-3 and-6D(moderate myopic),and 10 eyes of≥6D(high myopic).The mean age of subjects was 30.2 years(±7.6 years;range,24 to 46 years).A 1050 nm spectral-domain optical coberence tomography(SD-OCT)system,operating at 120kHz imaging rate,was used in this study to simultaneously capture 3D anatomical images of the choroid and measure intraocular length(IOL)in the subject.The 3D OCT images of the choroid were segmented into superior,inferior,nasal and temporal quadrants,from which the CT was measured,representing radial distance between the outer retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)layer and inner scleral border.Measurements were made within concentric regjons centered at fovea centralis,extended to 5 mm away from fovea at 1 mm intervals in the nasal and temporal directions.The measured IOL was the distance from the anterior cornea surface to the RPE in alignment along the optical axis of the eye.Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate CT at each geographic region and observe the relationship between CT and the degree of myopia.Results:For low myopic eyes,the IOL was measured at 24.619±0.016 mm.The CT(273.85±49.01μm)was greatest under fovea as is in the case of healthy eyes.Peripheral to the fovea,the mean CT decreased rapidly along the nasal direction,reaching a minimum of 180.65±58.25 pum at 5 mm away from the fovea.There was less of a change in thickness from the fovea in the temporal direction reaching a minimum of 234.25±42.27μm.In contrast to the low myopic eyes,for moderate and high myopic eyes,CTs were thickest in termnporal region(where CT=194.94±27.28 and 163±34.89μm,respectively).Like the low myopic eyes,moderate and high myopic eyes had thinnest CTs in the nasal region(where CT=100.84±16.75 and 86.64±42.6μm,respectively)-High myopic eyes had the longest mean IOL(25.983±0.021 mm),while the IOL of moderate myopia was 25.413±0.022 mm(**p<0.001).The CT reduction rate was calculated at 31.28 umn/D(diopter)from low to mod-erate myopia,whilst it is 13.49μm/D from moderate to high myopia.The similar tendency was found for the IOL reduction rate in our study:0.265 mm/D from low to moderate myopia,and 0.137 mm/D from moderate to high myopia.Conclusion:The CT decreases and the IOL increases gradually with the increase of myopic condition.The current results support the theory that choroidal abnormality may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myopic degeneration.展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81720108012,82001118)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021ZD0202003)+1 种基金Shanghai‘Rising Stars of Medical Talents’Youth Development Program(SHWSRS(2023)-62)Henry K.Beecher Professorship from Harvard University。
文摘Background Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications in the older surgical population,but its pathogenesis and biomarkers are largely undetermined.Retinal layer thickness has been demonstrated to be associated with cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.However,relatively little is known about possible retinal layer thickness among patients with postoperative delirium.Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness and postoperative delirium in this cross-sectional study.Methods The participants(≥65 years old)having elective surgery under general anaesthesia were screened via medical records from Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital.Preoperative macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer(RNFL)thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography(OCT).The Confusion Assessment Method(CAM)algorithm and CAM-Severity(CAM-S)were used to assess the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium on the first,second and third days after surgery.Results Among 169 participants(mean(standard deviation(SD)71.15(4.36)years),40(24%)developed postoperative delirium.Notably,individuals who developed postoperative delirium exhibited thicker preoperative macular thickness in the right eye compared with those who did not(mean(SD)283.35(27.97)µm vs 273.84(20.14)µm,p=0.013).Furthermore,the thicker preoperative macular thickness of the right eye was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative delirium(adjusted odds ratio 1.593,95%confidence interval(CI)1.093 to 2.322,p=0.015)and greater severity(adjusted mean difference(β)=0.256,95%CI 0.037 to 0.476,p=0.022)after adjustment for age,sex and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores.However,such a difference or association did not appear in the left macular or bilateral peripapillary RNFL thicknesses.Conclusions Current findings demonstrated that preoperative macular thickness might serve as a potential non-invasive marker for the vulnerability of developing postoperative delirium in older surgical patients.Further large-scale validation studies should be performed to confirm these results.
文摘The influence of the drop-casted nickel boride catalyst loading on glassy carbon electrodes was investigated in a spectroelectrochemical ATR-FTIR thin-film flow cell applied in alkaline glycerol electrooxidation.The continuously operated radial flow cell consisted of a borehole electrode positioned 50μm above an internal reflection element enabling operando FTIR spectroscopy.It is identified as a suitable tool for facile and reproducible screening of electrocatalysts under well-defined conditions,additionally providing access to the selectivities in complex reaction networks such as glycerol oxidation.The fast product identification by ATR-IR spectroscopy was validated by the more time-consuming quantitative HPLC analysis of the pumped electrolyte.High degrees of glycerol conversion were achieved under the applied laminar flow conditions using 0.1 M glycerol and 1 M KOH in water and a flow rate of 5μL min^(–1).Conversion and selectivity were found to depend on the catalyst loading,which determined the catalyst layer thickness and roughness.The highest loading of 210μg cm^(–2)resulted in 73%conversion and a higher formate selectivity of almost 80%,which is ascribed to longer residence times in rougher films favoring readsorption and C–C bond scission.The lowest loading of 13μg cm^(–2)was sufficient to reach 63%conversion,a lower formate selectivity of 60%,and,correspondingly,higher selectivities of C_(2)species such as glycolate amounting to 8%.Thus,only low catalyst loadings resulting in very thin films in the fewμm thickness range are suitable for reliable catalyst screening.
基金supported in part by research grants from the National Eye Institute (R01EY024158,R01EY021242,P30001730)。
文摘Purpose:To provide a geographical map of choroidal thickness(CT)around the macular region armong subjects with low,moderate and high myopia.Methods:20 myopic subjects(n=40 eyes)without other identified pathologies participated in this study:20 eyes of≤3 diopters(D)(low myopic),10 eyes between-3 and-6D(moderate myopic),and 10 eyes of≥6D(high myopic).The mean age of subjects was 30.2 years(±7.6 years;range,24 to 46 years).A 1050 nm spectral-domain optical coberence tomography(SD-OCT)system,operating at 120kHz imaging rate,was used in this study to simultaneously capture 3D anatomical images of the choroid and measure intraocular length(IOL)in the subject.The 3D OCT images of the choroid were segmented into superior,inferior,nasal and temporal quadrants,from which the CT was measured,representing radial distance between the outer retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)layer and inner scleral border.Measurements were made within concentric regjons centered at fovea centralis,extended to 5 mm away from fovea at 1 mm intervals in the nasal and temporal directions.The measured IOL was the distance from the anterior cornea surface to the RPE in alignment along the optical axis of the eye.Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate CT at each geographic region and observe the relationship between CT and the degree of myopia.Results:For low myopic eyes,the IOL was measured at 24.619±0.016 mm.The CT(273.85±49.01μm)was greatest under fovea as is in the case of healthy eyes.Peripheral to the fovea,the mean CT decreased rapidly along the nasal direction,reaching a minimum of 180.65±58.25 pum at 5 mm away from the fovea.There was less of a change in thickness from the fovea in the temporal direction reaching a minimum of 234.25±42.27μm.In contrast to the low myopic eyes,for moderate and high myopic eyes,CTs were thickest in termnporal region(where CT=194.94±27.28 and 163±34.89μm,respectively).Like the low myopic eyes,moderate and high myopic eyes had thinnest CTs in the nasal region(where CT=100.84±16.75 and 86.64±42.6μm,respectively)-High myopic eyes had the longest mean IOL(25.983±0.021 mm),while the IOL of moderate myopia was 25.413±0.022 mm(**p<0.001).The CT reduction rate was calculated at 31.28 umn/D(diopter)from low to mod-erate myopia,whilst it is 13.49μm/D from moderate to high myopia.The similar tendency was found for the IOL reduction rate in our study:0.265 mm/D from low to moderate myopia,and 0.137 mm/D from moderate to high myopia.Conclusion:The CT decreases and the IOL increases gradually with the increase of myopic condition.The current results support the theory that choroidal abnormality may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myopic degeneration.
