A new spirostanol sulfonate, spirost-5,25（27）-dien-1β,3β-diol 1-sulfonate（1）, was isolated from the rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus（Ranunculaceae）, and the structure was identified on the basis of a detailed...A new spirostanol sulfonate, spirost-5,25（27）-dien-1β,3β-diol 1-sulfonate（1）, was isolated from the rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus（Ranunculaceae）, and the structure was identified on the basis of a detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR spectrometry, IR and HRESI-MS.展开更多
Thibetanosides E-H(1-4),four new steroidal constituents including three rare sulfonates(2-4),were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus,together with nine known steroidal compounds(5-13).Their ...Thibetanosides E-H(1-4),four new steroidal constituents including three rare sulfonates(2-4),were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus,together with nine known steroidal compounds(5-13).Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis,including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical evidence.In this study,compounds 2-13 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HCT116,A549 and HepG2 tumor cell lines in vitro.Among them,compound 8(thibetanoside C)showed cytotoxicities against A549 cells(IC50 39.6±1.9μmol·L^-1)and HepG2 cells(IC50 41.5±1.1μmol·L^-1),respectively.Compound 9(23S,24S)-24-[(O-β-D-fucopyranosyl)oxy]-3β,23-dihydroxy-spirosta-5,25(27)-diene-1β-yl O-(4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside)showed cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells(IC5033.6±2.1μmol·L^-1).展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to analyze whether Asiatic black bear( Ursus thibetanus) had different blood group systems. [Method]Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic black bears in Fujian Province,China. Tub...[Objective]The paper was to analyze whether Asiatic black bear( Ursus thibetanus) had different blood group systems. [Method]Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic black bears in Fujian Province,China. Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol. Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry. [Result] The plasma from four black bears had antibodies,possibly Ig M isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears. Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents. The results showed that four black bears had blood type like human type O,while six bears had like human type B. Mass spectrometry results demonstrated that plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). [Conclusion]Asiatic black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types. If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test is necessary. Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic black bear in case of emergency.展开更多
An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. ...An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. The measurement and analysis on 18 tooth measurement indexes (i.e. T1. Length of Pm1-Pm4, T2. L. of M1-M3, T3. M1L., T4. M1 width, T5. M2L., T6. M2W., T7.M3L., T8. M3W., T9. L. of C1 alveolus, T10. W. of C1 alveolus, T11. L. of C1-M2, T12. L. of Pm4 M2,T13.M1L., T14. M1W., T15. M2L., T16. M2W., T17.L. of C1 alveolus, T18. W. of C1 alveolus) of 59 skulls (black bears 25, brown bears 34) indicates that there are significant or the most significant difference between two species in every indexes, however T1, T9, T10, T17 and T18 are not suitable for species discriminator because of their high percent of overlap. The efficient species discriminators and standards (mm) are as follows T2(63.0), T3(22.0), T4(10.2), T5(23.8), T6(13.6), T7(18.0), T8(13.5), T11(110.0),T12(66.0), T13(20. 1), T14(15.8), T15(33.0) and T16(17.3). Those who are less than or equal to standard are classified to black bear, the others are brown bear. The method is very convenient and useful with high reliability. Their lowest accuracy percent are 95.0%, most of them over 97%. Different indexes will be chosen refer to the degree of specimen destroyed.展开更多
According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °...According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °C and the statistic analysis of the experimental data work out the following findings. For male black bears, the average CK activity is 163.20 U/L, the confidence interval of its expected value (127.70 to 198.70) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 39.2%; the average CK-MB activity 21.62 U/L, the confidential interval (17.72 to 25.51) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 34.26%; the average LDH activity 604.20 U/L, the confidence interval (524.56 to 683.83) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 23.80%; the average HBDH activity 516.70 U/L, the confidence interval (453.06 to 580.34) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 22.24%; the average GOT activity 69.70 U/L, the confidence interval (60.21 to 79.19) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.59%. For female black bears, the average CK activity is 145.50 U/L, the confidence interval (114.59 to 176.21) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 38.27%; the average CK-MB activity 18.84 U/L, the confidence interval (14.64 to 23.04) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 40.34%; the average LDH activity 563.70 U/L, the confidence interval (473.80 to 652.60) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.80%; the average of HBDH activity 475.50 U/L, the confidence interval (412.10 to 538.40) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.07%; the average of GOT activity is 62.37 U/L, the confidential interval (52.54 to 72.20) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.46%. The male black bear’s average myocardium enzyme activities are slightly higher than those of the female. But the statistical results indicate that the difference is not significant.展开更多
Gandaki River Basin(GRB)is an important part of the central Himalayan region,which provides habitat for numerous wild species.However,climatic changes are making the habitat in this basin more vulnerable.This paper ai...Gandaki River Basin(GRB)is an important part of the central Himalayan region,which provides habitat for numerous wild species.However,climatic changes are making the habitat in this basin more vulnerable.This paper aims to assess the potential impacts of climate change on the spatial distributions of habitat changes for two vulnerable species,Himalayan black bear(Ursus thibetanus laniger)and common leopard(Panthera pardus fusca),using the maximum entropy(Max Ent)species distribution model.Species occurrence locations were used along with several bioclimatic and topographic variables(elevation,slope and aspect)to fit the model and predict the potential distributions(current and future)of the species.The results show that the highly suitable area of Himalayan black bear within the GRB currently encompasses around 1642 km^(2)(5.01%area of the basin),which is predicted to increase by 51 km^(2) in the future(2050).Similarly,the habitat of common leopard is estimated as 3999 km^(2)(12.19%of the GRB area),which is likely to increase to 4806 km^(2) in 2050.Spatially,the habitat of Himalayan black bear is predicted to increase in the eastern part(Baseri,Tatopani and north from Bhainse)and to decrease in the eastern(Somdang,Chhekampar),western(Burtibang and Bobang)and northern(Sangboche,Manang,Chhekampar)parts of the study area.Similarly,the habitat of common leopard is projected to decrease particularly in the eastern,western and southern parts of the basin,although it is estimated to be extended in the southeastern(Bhainse),western(Harichaur and northern Sandhikhark)and north-western(Sangboche)parts of the basin.To determine the habitat impact,the environmental variables such as elevation,Bio 15(precipitation seasonality)and Bio 16(precipitation of wettest quarter)highly contribute to habitat change of Himalayan black bear;while Bio 13(precipitation of wettest month)and Bio 15 are the main contributors for common leopard.Overall,this study predicted that the suitable habitat areas of both species are likely to be impacted by climate change at different altitudes in the future,and these are the areas that need more attention in order to protect these species.展开更多
基金Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China(No.NCET-09-0589) China Postdoc-toral Science Foundation(No. 20090450775)
文摘A new spirostanol sulfonate, spirost-5,25（27）-dien-1β,3β-diol 1-sulfonate（1）, was isolated from the rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus（Ranunculaceae）, and the structure was identified on the basis of a detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR spectrometry, IR and HRESI-MS.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2019ZDLSF04-03-02)Subject Innovation Team of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2019-YL12)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.81503195)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2016JQ8030)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2017SF-360 and 2018SF-324)
文摘Thibetanosides E-H(1-4),four new steroidal constituents including three rare sulfonates(2-4),were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus,together with nine known steroidal compounds(5-13).Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis,including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical evidence.In this study,compounds 2-13 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HCT116,A549 and HepG2 tumor cell lines in vitro.Among them,compound 8(thibetanoside C)showed cytotoxicities against A549 cells(IC50 39.6±1.9μmol·L^-1)and HepG2 cells(IC50 41.5±1.1μmol·L^-1),respectively.Compound 9(23S,24S)-24-[(O-β-D-fucopyranosyl)oxy]-3β,23-dihydroxy-spirosta-5,25(27)-diene-1β-yl O-(4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside)showed cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells(IC5033.6±2.1μmol·L^-1).
基金Supported by Hong Kong Ocean Park Conservation Foundation(GP01-1617)Special Fund of Health Industry Research(201002005)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to analyze whether Asiatic black bear( Ursus thibetanus) had different blood group systems. [Method]Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic black bears in Fujian Province,China. Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol. Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry. [Result] The plasma from four black bears had antibodies,possibly Ig M isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears. Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents. The results showed that four black bears had blood type like human type O,while six bears had like human type B. Mass spectrometry results demonstrated that plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). [Conclusion]Asiatic black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types. If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test is necessary. Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic black bear in case of emergency.
文摘An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. The measurement and analysis on 18 tooth measurement indexes (i.e. T1. Length of Pm1-Pm4, T2. L. of M1-M3, T3. M1L., T4. M1 width, T5. M2L., T6. M2W., T7.M3L., T8. M3W., T9. L. of C1 alveolus, T10. W. of C1 alveolus, T11. L. of C1-M2, T12. L. of Pm4 M2,T13.M1L., T14. M1W., T15. M2L., T16. M2W., T17.L. of C1 alveolus, T18. W. of C1 alveolus) of 59 skulls (black bears 25, brown bears 34) indicates that there are significant or the most significant difference between two species in every indexes, however T1, T9, T10, T17 and T18 are not suitable for species discriminator because of their high percent of overlap. The efficient species discriminators and standards (mm) are as follows T2(63.0), T3(22.0), T4(10.2), T5(23.8), T6(13.6), T7(18.0), T8(13.5), T11(110.0),T12(66.0), T13(20. 1), T14(15.8), T15(33.0) and T16(17.3). Those who are less than or equal to standard are classified to black bear, the others are brown bear. The method is very convenient and useful with high reliability. Their lowest accuracy percent are 95.0%, most of them over 97%. Different indexes will be chosen refer to the degree of specimen destroyed.
基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Educational Committee of Sichuan Province (No. 2004 A101) and Key Discipline Construction Project in Sichuan Province (No. SZD0420)
文摘According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °C and the statistic analysis of the experimental data work out the following findings. For male black bears, the average CK activity is 163.20 U/L, the confidence interval of its expected value (127.70 to 198.70) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 39.2%; the average CK-MB activity 21.62 U/L, the confidential interval (17.72 to 25.51) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 34.26%; the average LDH activity 604.20 U/L, the confidence interval (524.56 to 683.83) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 23.80%; the average HBDH activity 516.70 U/L, the confidence interval (453.06 to 580.34) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 22.24%; the average GOT activity 69.70 U/L, the confidence interval (60.21 to 79.19) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.59%. For female black bears, the average CK activity is 145.50 U/L, the confidence interval (114.59 to 176.21) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 38.27%; the average CK-MB activity 18.84 U/L, the confidence interval (14.64 to 23.04) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 40.34%; the average LDH activity 563.70 U/L, the confidence interval (473.80 to 652.60) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.80%; the average of HBDH activity 475.50 U/L, the confidence interval (412.10 to 538.40) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.07%; the average of GOT activity is 62.37 U/L, the confidential interval (52.54 to 72.20) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.46%. The male black bear’s average myocardium enzyme activities are slightly higher than those of the female. But the statistical results indicate that the difference is not significant.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK0603)The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20040201)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144081)。
文摘Gandaki River Basin(GRB)is an important part of the central Himalayan region,which provides habitat for numerous wild species.However,climatic changes are making the habitat in this basin more vulnerable.This paper aims to assess the potential impacts of climate change on the spatial distributions of habitat changes for two vulnerable species,Himalayan black bear(Ursus thibetanus laniger)and common leopard(Panthera pardus fusca),using the maximum entropy(Max Ent)species distribution model.Species occurrence locations were used along with several bioclimatic and topographic variables(elevation,slope and aspect)to fit the model and predict the potential distributions(current and future)of the species.The results show that the highly suitable area of Himalayan black bear within the GRB currently encompasses around 1642 km^(2)(5.01%area of the basin),which is predicted to increase by 51 km^(2) in the future(2050).Similarly,the habitat of common leopard is estimated as 3999 km^(2)(12.19%of the GRB area),which is likely to increase to 4806 km^(2) in 2050.Spatially,the habitat of Himalayan black bear is predicted to increase in the eastern part(Baseri,Tatopani and north from Bhainse)and to decrease in the eastern(Somdang,Chhekampar),western(Burtibang and Bobang)and northern(Sangboche,Manang,Chhekampar)parts of the study area.Similarly,the habitat of common leopard is projected to decrease particularly in the eastern,western and southern parts of the basin,although it is estimated to be extended in the southeastern(Bhainse),western(Harichaur and northern Sandhikhark)and north-western(Sangboche)parts of the basin.To determine the habitat impact,the environmental variables such as elevation,Bio 15(precipitation seasonality)and Bio 16(precipitation of wettest quarter)highly contribute to habitat change of Himalayan black bear;while Bio 13(precipitation of wettest month)and Bio 15 are the main contributors for common leopard.Overall,this study predicted that the suitable habitat areas of both species are likely to be impacted by climate change at different altitudes in the future,and these are the areas that need more attention in order to protect these species.
