The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the d...The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.展开更多
The southem Yellow Sea is an important fishing ground, providing abundant fishery resources. However, overfishing and climate change have caused a decline in the resource and damaged the ecosystem. We developed an eco...The southem Yellow Sea is an important fishing ground, providing abundant fishery resources. However, overfishing and climate change have caused a decline in the resource and damaged the ecosystem. We developed an ecosystem model to analyze the trophic interactions and ecosystem structure and function to guide sustainable development of the ecosystem. Atrophic mass-balance model of the southern Yellow Sea during 2000-2001 was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim software. We defined 22 important functional groups and studied their diet composition. The trophic levels of fish, shrimp, crabs, and cephalopods were between 2.78 and 4.39, and the mean trophic level of the fisheries was 3.24. The trophic flows within the food web occurred primarily in the lower trophic levels. The mean trophic transfer efficiency was 8.1%, of which 7.1% was from primary producers and 9.3% was from detritus within the ecosystem. The transfer efficiency between trophic levels II to III to IV to V to 〉V was 5.0%, 5.7%, 18.5%, and 19.7%-20.4%, respectively. Of the total flow, phytoplankton contributed 61% and detritus contributed 39%. Fishing is defined as a top predator within the ecosystem, and has a negative impact on most commercial species. Moreover, the ecosystem had a high gross efficiency of the fishery and a high value of primary production required to sustain the fishery. Together, our data suggest there is high fishing pressure in the southern Yellow Sea. Based on analysis of Odum＇s ecological parameters, this ecosystem was at an immature stage. Our results provide some insights into the structure and development of this ecosystem.展开更多
Based on the cognitive radar concept and the basic connotation of cognitive skywave over-the-horizon radar（SWOTHR）, the system structure and information processingmechanism about cognitive SWOTHR are researched. Amo...Based on the cognitive radar concept and the basic connotation of cognitive skywave over-the-horizon radar（SWOTHR）, the system structure and information processingmechanism about cognitive SWOTHR are researched. Amongthem, the hybrid network system architecture which is thedistributed configuration combining with the centralized cognition and its soft/hardware framework with the sense-detectionintegration are proposed, and the information processing framebased on the lens principle and its information processing flowwith receive-transmit joint adaption are designed, which buildand parse the work law for cognition and its self feedback adjustment with the lens focus model and five stages informationprocessing sequence. After that, the system simulation andthe performance analysis and comparison are provided, whichinitially proves the rationality and advantages of the proposedideas. Finally, four important development ideas of futureSWOTHR toward ＂high frequency intelligence information processing system＂ are discussed, which are scene information fusion, dynamic reconfigurable system, hierarchical and modulardesign, and sustainable development. Then the conclusion thatthe cognitive SWOTHR can cause the performance improvement is gotten.展开更多
Identifying the structure of protected mountain ecosystems is an important task for understanding conservation sustainability.The study area,the Firtina Valley,located in the Rize City on the Eastern Blacksea Coast,is...Identifying the structure of protected mountain ecosystems is an important task for understanding conservation sustainability.The study area,the Firtina Valley,located in the Rize City on the Eastern Blacksea Coast,is one of the biological hotspots and a National Park of Turkey.In order to identify the structure of mountain ecosystems,we generated a GIS database for the main environmental parameters of the study area,including elevation,slope and aspect layers for topographic structure,10year mean values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),data for vegetation structure,annual mean temperature and precipitation layers for climatic structure,main soil groups for soil structure and stream flow accumulation,stream flow length and stream order layers for hydrological structure.To identify the complex relations among environmental factors in the study area a data reduction method is applied with Principal Component Analysis(PCA).PCA is performed using data of 16 layers from Geographical Information Systems(GIS).PCA analysis reduced 16 dimensions into 5 dimensions containing 75%of the variation in all data.It is also revealed that the topographic structure,mainly altitude,dominates the ecosystems of the Firtina Valley,but it should be considered that the interactions of environmental factors in an ecosystem dynamics are very complex.The ecosystem structure is determined by the environmental factors direct or indirect effects on energy regulation of an ecosystem.Therefore the relationship between topographic elements and other abiotic-biotic elements in the Firtina Valley are important for environmental assessment and sustainability of a protected area,and these effects are explained in this study.展开更多
Based on the seamless integration of broadband optical and wireless access networks,millimeter-wave Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology is considered to be a promising solution for the next generation access networks wh...Based on the seamless integration of broadband optical and wireless access networks,millimeter-wave Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology is considered to be a promising solution for the next generation access networks which will provide high capacity and flexibility with low cost.But due to its large cost to realize,the system architecture needs to be optimized.In the millimeter-wave optical generation part,optical heterodyning method can be introduced to generate a high-frequency millimeter-wave signal using a low-frequency signal source.And the system efficiency can be greatly improved based on injection-locking of a semiconductor laser.In the downlink,the transmission distance can be greatly enhanced using single-sideband modulation.And the single-mode modulation (single-sideband modulation) based on an injection-locked semiconductor laser is a much simpler solution.In the uplink,direct modulation of optical heterodyning signal can be used to realize the down-conversion of uplink millimeter-wave signal,which simplifies the receiver structure at the centre office.In the wavelength division multiplexing millimeter-wave RoF duplex system,the wavelength reuse in both downlink and uplink can save the wavelength resource in the whole system,which improves its efficiency.展开更多
In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step fu...In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step function.Then a new method for analysing the internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure in space is suggested by improving the mixed method in statically indeterminate structure.The inferred process and obtained answer will be more succinct and accurate when the problem of internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure is analysed by using the new method provided in this paper.展开更多
The rootsystem structural characteristics of annual seedlings of Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Larix olgensis and Picea koraiensis were studied with the method of excavation at the nursery of Maoe...The rootsystem structural characteristics of annual seedlings of Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Larix olgensis and Picea koraiensis were studied with the method of excavation at the nursery of Maoershan Experimental station in the Antumn of 1992. The results showed that there were large differences in some ways, such as their root quantities,distributive depth and dense layers of root systems,etc.展开更多
A quantum-like model of gravitational system is introduced to explore the formation of the solar system structure. In this model, the chaos behavior of a large number of original nebular particles in a gravitational f...A quantum-like model of gravitational system is introduced to explore the formation of the solar system structure. In this model, the chaos behavior of a large number of original nebular particles in a gravitational field can be described in terms of the wave function satisfying formal Schr?dinger equation, in which the Planck constant is replaced by a constant on cosmic scale. Numerical calculation shows that the radial distribution density of the particles has the character of wave curves with decreasing amplitudes and elongating wavelengths. By means of this model, many questions of the solar system, such as the planetary distance, mass, energy, angular momentum, the distribution of satellites, the structure of the planetary rings, and the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt etc., can be explained in reason. In addition, the abnormal rotations of Venus and Mercury can be naturally explained by means of the quantum-like model.展开更多
A new nonlinear optimization approach with discrete design variables based on linear estimation is proposed, in which the complex engineering structures optimization problems, such as 3-D space plate-system structures...A new nonlinear optimization approach with discrete design variables based on linear estimation is proposed, in which the complex engineering structures optimization problems, such as 3-D space plate-system structures optimization problems, can be solved. By avoided using point -by-point searching strategy, which is usually used in other discrete optimization algorithms, the times of function calculation is greatly reduced.展开更多
By applying the segmentation and composition principles of ecosystem,the structure and interface of earth ecosystem are fully elaborated,and corresponding model diagrams are established to display its composition and ...By applying the segmentation and composition principles of ecosystem,the structure and interface of earth ecosystem are fully elaborated,and corresponding model diagrams are established to display its composition and interconversion. The research finds that earth ecosystem includes three sub-ecosystems： terrestrial ecosystem,marine ecosystem and atmospheric ecosystem. The impact sequence of sub-ecosystems on earth ecosystem is atmospheric ecosystem 〉 marine ecosystem 〉 terrestrial ecosystem. Based on the segmentation and composition principles of ecosystem and the application of earth ecosystem structure and interface,we give new explanations to Taoism and Taiji with the eight diagrams,which contributes to theoretical research of natural science.展开更多
The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and ...The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and fluid mobility due to the influences of the northeast and northwest dual provenance systems.This study performed multiple experimental analyses on nine samples from the area to determine the petrological and petrophysical properties,as well as the PTS characteristics of reservoirs in different provenance-controlled regions.On this basis,the pore-throat size distribution(PSD)obtained from high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)was utilized to convert the NMR movable fluid T2spectrum,allowing for quantitative characterization of the full PSD and the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids.A systematic analysis was conducted on the primary controlling factors affecting fluid mobility in the reservoir.The results indicated that the lithology in the eastern and western regions is lithic arkose.The eastern sandstones,being farther from the provenance,exhibit higher contents of feldspar and lithic fragments,along with the development of more dissolution pores.The reservoir possesses good petrophysical properties,low displacement pressure,and high pore-throat connectivity and homogeneity,indicating strong fluid mobility.In contrast,the western sandstones,being nearer to the provenance,exhibit poor grain sorting,high contents of lithic fragments,strong compaction and cementation effects,resulting in poor petrophysical properties,and strong pore-throat heterogeneity,revealing weak fluid mobility.The range of full PSD in the eastern reservoir is wider than that in the western reservoir,with relatively well-developed macropores.The macropores are the primary space for occurrence of movable fluids,and controls the fluid mobility of the reservoir.The effective porosity of movable fluids(EPMF)quantitatively represents the pore space occupied by movable fluids within the reservoir and correlates well with porosity,permeability,and PTS parameters,making it a valuable parameter for evaluating fluid mobility.Under the multi-provenance system,the eastern and western reservoirs underwent different sedimentation and diagenesis processes,resulting in differential distribution of reservoir mineral components and pore types,which in turn affects the PTS heterogeneity and reservoir quality.The composition and content of reservoir minerals are intrinsic factors influencing fluid mobility,while the microscopic PTS is the primary factor controlling it.Low clay mineral content,welldeveloped macropores,and weak pore-throat heterogeneity all contribute to the storage and seepage of reservoir fluids.展开更多
It is shown by the the law of mass action in combination with the coexistence theory of slag structure that KMn n =NMno /(NFeo [%Mn] does not change with basicities and maintains constant at constant temperature; the...It is shown by the the law of mass action in combination with the coexistence theory of slag structure that KMn n =NMno /(NFeo [%Mn] does not change with basicities and maintains constant at constant temperature; the oxidizing capabilities of multicomponent slag systems containing CaO, MgO etc., can be expressed by NFe tO =NFeO + 6NFe2 O3 + 8NFe3O4; the desulfurizing capabilities of various basic oxides for multicomponent slag systems can be calculated by Ls=8(KCaSNCaO+KMgsNMgo +KFeSNFeO)∑n/[%O]; the dephosphorizing capabili- ties of CaO-MgO-FeO-FeO O3-P2 O5 as well as CaO-FeO-Fe2 O3-A12 O3-P2 O5 molten slags expressed respectively by Lpo=(%P2O5)/[P]2 = 141.94[%O]5∑nK00(1 + K5N2Cao + K6N3CaO + K7N4CaO + K8N2MgO + K9N3MgO + K10N3FeO + K11N4Feo); LPO=(%P2O5)/[P]2= 141.94[%O]5∑nK00(1 + K10N2CaO+ K11N3CaO+ K12N4CaO + K13N3FeO + K14N4FeO) have good agreement with practical values.展开更多
The development of sustainable electrode materials for energy storage systems has become very important and porous carbons derived from biomass have become an important candidate because of their tunable pore structur...The development of sustainable electrode materials for energy storage systems has become very important and porous carbons derived from biomass have become an important candidate because of their tunable pore structure,environmental friendliness,and cost-effectiveness.Recent advances in controlling the pore structure of these carbons and its relationship between to is energy storage performance are discussed,emphasizing the critical role of a balanced distribution of micropores,mesopores and macropores in determining electrochemical behavior.Particular attention is given to how the intrinsic components of biomass precursors(lignin,cellulose,and hemicellulose)influence pore formation during carbonization.Carbonization and activation strategies to precisely control the pore structure are introduced.Finally,key challenges in the industrial production of these carbons are outlined,and future research directions are proposed.These include the establishment of a database of biomass intrinsic structures and machine learning-assisted pore structure engineering,aimed at providing guidance for the design of high-performance carbon materials for next-generation energy storage devices.展开更多
In order to solve existing problems about the method of establishing traditional system structure of decision support system(DSS), O S chart is applied to describe object oriented system structure of general DSS, an...In order to solve existing problems about the method of establishing traditional system structure of decision support system(DSS), O S chart is applied to describe object oriented system structure of general DSS, and a new method of eight specific steps is proposed to establish object oriented system structure of DSS by using the method of O S chart, which is applied successfully to the development of the DSS for the energy system ecology engineering research of the Wangheqiu country. Supplying many scientific effective computing models, decision support ways and a lot of accurate reliable decision data, the DSS plays a critical part in helping engineering researchers to make correct decisions. Because the period for developing the DSS is relatively shorter, the new way improves the efficiency of establishing DSS greatly. It also makes the DSS of system structure more flexible and easy to expand.展开更多
This paper focuses on English homework design in compulsory education under the“Double Reduction”policy.It first analyzes the research background and significance,reviews relevant literature at home and abroad,and p...This paper focuses on English homework design in compulsory education under the“Double Reduction”policy.It first analyzes the research background and significance,reviews relevant literature at home and abroad,and points out existing problems.Then,based on constructivist learning theory,multiple intelligences theory,and formative assessment theory,it proposes design principles like reducing burden and increasing efficiency,and design strategies such as layered design.Although the research has limitations,it provides theoretical and practical references for English education reform.展开更多
This paper focuses on C-K theory with its application to expand the scope of innovative solutions to transform health systems.The previous paper(Huttin,2024)provided a review of main design theories and a description ...This paper focuses on C-K theory with its application to expand the scope of innovative solutions to transform health systems.The previous paper(Huttin,2024)provided a review of main design theories and a description of the research process and interactions between investigators for physicians’choice models using random price generators.The selection of alternatives for that user case mainly related to medical policy problems(e.g.Huttin&Hausman,2021).However,such experimental studies require scaling up for bigger samples and therefore comprehensive user cases,to be useful for transformative tools in health system reforms.The use of C-K theory(Hatchuel&Weil,2002)may be a useful framework to generate data elements on economic and financial information,from conversation of care,and expand the dataspace,with innovative applications of the algorithms(as proposed in Prof.Huttin’s studies).The development of such economic models will impact the architecture of national or international accounting systems;therefore,they may require the design of ad hoc or satellite health accounts with such additional type of information.However,the architecture of health accounts is more driven by environmental communities who dominate methodological advances(e.g.agriculture,forestry management,etc.);modeling techniques in international health accounting generate specific tracers to integrate in aggregate indexes.Such development of the K space may be used for the health targets under the global agenda(e.g.SDGs).The statistical methods used to transform this K space,their selection process,and the identification of key parameters estimates will determine to a certain extent the transformation of health systems and will nurture the C concepts(e.g.more justice in reallocation of services and access to care).In global health,comparable national estimates are used(e.g.“Global Burden of Diseases”(GBD)and risk predictors for health risk evaluation).In relation to global pricing,the agenda refers to“Universal Health Coverage”(UHC),to accelerate access to affordable medical services in different regions of the world.Additional economic and financial information on populations with methodologies such as Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling(HBM)and its countervailing use(e.g.,physicians reversed conjoint models,Huttin,2017),with trained models on bigger samples and comprehensive user cases,contributes to structuring the pathway to transformative changes.展开更多
The algebraic structure and Poisson＇s integral theory of mechanico-electrical systems are studied. The Hamilton canonical equations and generalized Hamilton canonical equations and their the contravariant algebraic f...The algebraic structure and Poisson＇s integral theory of mechanico-electrical systems are studied. The Hamilton canonical equations and generalized Hamilton canonical equations and their the contravariant algebraic forms for mechanico-electrical systems are obtained. The Lie algebraic structure and the Poisson＇s integral theory of Lagrange mechanico-electrical systems are derived. The Lie algebraic structure admitted and Poisson＇s integral theory of the Lagrange-Maxwell mechanico-electrical systems are presented. Two examples are presented to illustrate these results.展开更多
This study aims to explore the application of SysTrust Theory in Accounting Information Systems(AIS)through a systematic literature review.SysTrust Theory,developed by the AICPA(2017),focuses on the reliability of inf...This study aims to explore the application of SysTrust Theory in Accounting Information Systems(AIS)through a systematic literature review.SysTrust Theory,developed by the AICPA(2017),focuses on the reliability of information systems by assessing aspects such as availability,integrity,security,confidentiality,and privacy.This study analyzed several related articles published between 2012 and 2025,identifying the positive impacts of implementing SysTrust Theory on AIS effectiveness,business performance,financial reporting quality,and organizational commitment.The results showed that integrity was the most dominant factor in improving AIS reliability,followed by security and privacy.The implementation of SysTrust has also been shown to reduce the risk of fraud,improve the accuracy of financial data,and support strategic decision making.However,challenges such as user uncertainty about electronic payment systems and technology adaptation continue to be obstacles.This study recommends the need to improve system quality,educate users,and strengthen internal controls to optimize the benefits of SysTrust Theory in business practices.展开更多
The bolted flange structure finds significant applications in fields such as aerospace,shipbuilding,and pipeline transportation.The investigation of its dynamic characteristics has consistently been a focal point for ...The bolted flange structure finds significant applications in fields such as aerospace,shipbuilding,and pipeline transportation.The investigation of its dynamic characteristics has consistently been a focal point for researchers;however,there remains a deficiency in the development of robust analytical models.This paper introduces a novel analytical model based on the finite element methods and the Timoshenko beam theory to accurately simulate the bolted flange structure.The stiffness,mass,damping,and inertia matrices of the rotor system are individually derived,and the dynamic equation is subsequently formulated.The model’s validity and accuracy are validated through both the experimental testing and the finite element analysis.This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the external loads and the influence of the geometric configuration on the stiffness and contact behavior of the bolted flange structure,thereby enabling a thorough and precise prediction of the static and dynamic load transfer pathways,as well as the distribution of vibrational energy within the structure,while also facilitating the incorporation of friction and slip effects.Simultaneously,this work provides a foundational framework for the optimization design of bolted flange structures,addressing the factors such as the number,size,and geometric distribution of bolts.展开更多
This study analyzes the influence of TiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) contents on the microstructure of CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-xwt%Al_(2)O_(3)-ywt%TiO_(2)(14≤x≤22,0≤y≤10)blast furnace slag systems based on the change of slag visc...This study analyzes the influence of TiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) contents on the microstructure of CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-xwt%Al_(2)O_(3)-ywt%TiO_(2)(14≤x≤22,0≤y≤10)blast furnace slag systems based on the change of slag viscosity,Raman spectroscopy,and molecular dynamics.The Raman spectroscopy results indicate that an increase in TiO_(2) content leads to the gradual depolymerization of complex Q_(Si)^(3) Q_(Si)^(2) Q_(Si)^(0) Q_(Si)^(1)silicate structures(and)into simpler structures(and)in the slag.At the same time,the Al-O-Al bonds in the aluminate structures of the slag also depolymerize into simpler Al-O-forms,resulting in a decrease in the degree of polymerization of both silicates and aluminates.In contrast,an increase in Al_(2)O_(3) content generally results in an increased degree of polymerization for the silicates and aluminates.Molecular dynamics simulations of the polymerization and depolymerization processes in the microstructure of the blast fur-nace slag reveal that Si and Al mainly exist in tetrahedral[SiO_(4)]^(4-)and[AlO_(4)]^(4-),while Ti mainly exists in the form of simple pentaco-ordinate[TiO_(5)]^(6-)and hexacoordinate[TiO_(6)]^(8-).TiO_(2) exhibits basic properties in this system,whereas Al_(2)O_(3) demonstrates acidic behavior.The addition of TiO_(2) introduces free oxide ions into the system,causing the bridging oxygens to break into non-bridging oxygens,lead-Q_(Si)^(4) Q_(Si)^(3)ing to the depolymerization of complex structures and,which simplifies the slag structure.On the other hand,an increase in Al_(2)O_(3) content tends to capture or share the oxide ions within the system to form[AlO_(4)]^(4-),resulting in the polymerization of free oxygens into Q_(Si)^(0) Q_(Si)^(1)non-bridging oxygens,which further polymerize into bridging oxygens and lead to the consolidation of simple structures and,resulting in a more complex slag structure.Both Raman spectroscopy analysis and molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that the degree of polymerization of[SiO_(4)]^(4-) and[AlO_(4)]^(4-) in the slag network structure is a crucial factor determining the fluidity of the slag.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70503025)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences(KZCX2-YW-305-2+3 种基金KSCX2-YW-N-039)the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs(2006BAC08B032006BAC08B06)international cooperation program of science and technolo-gy ministry(2006DFB919201).~~
文摘The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 200903005)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Nos. 2011CB409805, 2010CB951204)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40976103)the Special Fund for the Basic R&D Program in the Central Non-profit Research Institutes (No. 2009-ts-10)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Provincethe Yellow & Bohai Seas Scientific Observation and Experiment Station for Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture
文摘The southem Yellow Sea is an important fishing ground, providing abundant fishery resources. However, overfishing and climate change have caused a decline in the resource and damaged the ecosystem. We developed an ecosystem model to analyze the trophic interactions and ecosystem structure and function to guide sustainable development of the ecosystem. Atrophic mass-balance model of the southern Yellow Sea during 2000-2001 was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim software. We defined 22 important functional groups and studied their diet composition. The trophic levels of fish, shrimp, crabs, and cephalopods were between 2.78 and 4.39, and the mean trophic level of the fisheries was 3.24. The trophic flows within the food web occurred primarily in the lower trophic levels. The mean trophic transfer efficiency was 8.1%, of which 7.1% was from primary producers and 9.3% was from detritus within the ecosystem. The transfer efficiency between trophic levels II to III to IV to V to 〉V was 5.0%, 5.7%, 18.5%, and 19.7%-20.4%, respectively. Of the total flow, phytoplankton contributed 61% and detritus contributed 39%. Fishing is defined as a top predator within the ecosystem, and has a negative impact on most commercial species. Moreover, the ecosystem had a high gross efficiency of the fishery and a high value of primary production required to sustain the fishery. Together, our data suggest there is high fishing pressure in the southern Yellow Sea. Based on analysis of Odum＇s ecological parameters, this ecosystem was at an immature stage. Our results provide some insights into the structure and development of this ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61471391)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M542541)
文摘Based on the cognitive radar concept and the basic connotation of cognitive skywave over-the-horizon radar（SWOTHR）, the system structure and information processingmechanism about cognitive SWOTHR are researched. Amongthem, the hybrid network system architecture which is thedistributed configuration combining with the centralized cognition and its soft/hardware framework with the sense-detectionintegration are proposed, and the information processing framebased on the lens principle and its information processing flowwith receive-transmit joint adaption are designed, which buildand parse the work law for cognition and its self feedback adjustment with the lens focus model and five stages informationprocessing sequence. After that, the system simulation andthe performance analysis and comparison are provided, whichinitially proves the rationality and advantages of the proposedideas. Finally, four important development ideas of futureSWOTHR toward ＂high frequency intelligence information processing system＂ are discussed, which are scene information fusion, dynamic reconfigurable system, hierarchical and modulardesign, and sustainable development. Then the conclusion thatthe cognitive SWOTHR can cause the performance improvement is gotten.
文摘Identifying the structure of protected mountain ecosystems is an important task for understanding conservation sustainability.The study area,the Firtina Valley,located in the Rize City on the Eastern Blacksea Coast,is one of the biological hotspots and a National Park of Turkey.In order to identify the structure of mountain ecosystems,we generated a GIS database for the main environmental parameters of the study area,including elevation,slope and aspect layers for topographic structure,10year mean values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),data for vegetation structure,annual mean temperature and precipitation layers for climatic structure,main soil groups for soil structure and stream flow accumulation,stream flow length and stream order layers for hydrological structure.To identify the complex relations among environmental factors in the study area a data reduction method is applied with Principal Component Analysis(PCA).PCA is performed using data of 16 layers from Geographical Information Systems(GIS).PCA analysis reduced 16 dimensions into 5 dimensions containing 75%of the variation in all data.It is also revealed that the topographic structure,mainly altitude,dominates the ecosystems of the Firtina Valley,but it should be considered that the interactions of environmental factors in an ecosystem dynamics are very complex.The ecosystem structure is determined by the environmental factors direct or indirect effects on energy regulation of an ecosystem.Therefore the relationship between topographic elements and other abiotic-biotic elements in the Firtina Valley are important for environmental assessment and sustainability of a protected area,and these effects are explained in this study.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60736003by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863 program")under Grant No.2006AA01Z261
文摘Based on the seamless integration of broadband optical and wireless access networks,millimeter-wave Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology is considered to be a promising solution for the next generation access networks which will provide high capacity and flexibility with low cost.But due to its large cost to realize,the system architecture needs to be optimized.In the millimeter-wave optical generation part,optical heterodyning method can be introduced to generate a high-frequency millimeter-wave signal using a low-frequency signal source.And the system efficiency can be greatly improved based on injection-locking of a semiconductor laser.In the downlink,the transmission distance can be greatly enhanced using single-sideband modulation.And the single-mode modulation (single-sideband modulation) based on an injection-locked semiconductor laser is a much simpler solution.In the uplink,direct modulation of optical heterodyning signal can be used to realize the down-conversion of uplink millimeter-wave signal,which simplifies the receiver structure at the centre office.In the wavelength division multiplexing millimeter-wave RoF duplex system,the wavelength reuse in both downlink and uplink can save the wavelength resource in the whole system,which improves its efficiency.
文摘In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step function.Then a new method for analysing the internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure in space is suggested by improving the mixed method in statically indeterminate structure.The inferred process and obtained answer will be more succinct and accurate when the problem of internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure is analysed by using the new method provided in this paper.
文摘The rootsystem structural characteristics of annual seedlings of Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Larix olgensis and Picea koraiensis were studied with the method of excavation at the nursery of Maoershan Experimental station in the Antumn of 1992. The results showed that there were large differences in some ways, such as their root quantities,distributive depth and dense layers of root systems,etc.
文摘A quantum-like model of gravitational system is introduced to explore the formation of the solar system structure. In this model, the chaos behavior of a large number of original nebular particles in a gravitational field can be described in terms of the wave function satisfying formal Schr?dinger equation, in which the Planck constant is replaced by a constant on cosmic scale. Numerical calculation shows that the radial distribution density of the particles has the character of wave curves with decreasing amplitudes and elongating wavelengths. By means of this model, many questions of the solar system, such as the planetary distance, mass, energy, angular momentum, the distribution of satellites, the structure of the planetary rings, and the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt etc., can be explained in reason. In addition, the abnormal rotations of Venus and Mercury can be naturally explained by means of the quantum-like model.
文摘A new nonlinear optimization approach with discrete design variables based on linear estimation is proposed, in which the complex engineering structures optimization problems, such as 3-D space plate-system structures optimization problems, can be solved. By avoided using point -by-point searching strategy, which is usually used in other discrete optimization algorithms, the times of function calculation is greatly reduced.
基金Supported by Education Ministry's New Century Excellent Talents Supporting Plan(NCET-12-0659)Project of Outstanding Technological Educators of Governor of Guizhou([2012]71)+3 种基金Project of Low Carbon Technology Plan of Guiyang(2012205)Project of Science and Technology Foundation of Guiyang(LKM[2012]05)Special Research Projects of High Level Talents of Guizhou Province(TZJF-2011-44)Research Projects of Guizhou Minzu University([2014]02)
文摘By applying the segmentation and composition principles of ecosystem,the structure and interface of earth ecosystem are fully elaborated,and corresponding model diagrams are established to display its composition and interconversion. The research finds that earth ecosystem includes three sub-ecosystems： terrestrial ecosystem,marine ecosystem and atmospheric ecosystem. The impact sequence of sub-ecosystems on earth ecosystem is atmospheric ecosystem 〉 marine ecosystem 〉 terrestrial ecosystem. Based on the segmentation and composition principles of ecosystem and the application of earth ecosystem structure and interface,we give new explanations to Taoism and Taiji with the eight diagrams,which contributes to theoretical research of natural science.
文摘The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and fluid mobility due to the influences of the northeast and northwest dual provenance systems.This study performed multiple experimental analyses on nine samples from the area to determine the petrological and petrophysical properties,as well as the PTS characteristics of reservoirs in different provenance-controlled regions.On this basis,the pore-throat size distribution(PSD)obtained from high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)was utilized to convert the NMR movable fluid T2spectrum,allowing for quantitative characterization of the full PSD and the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids.A systematic analysis was conducted on the primary controlling factors affecting fluid mobility in the reservoir.The results indicated that the lithology in the eastern and western regions is lithic arkose.The eastern sandstones,being farther from the provenance,exhibit higher contents of feldspar and lithic fragments,along with the development of more dissolution pores.The reservoir possesses good petrophysical properties,low displacement pressure,and high pore-throat connectivity and homogeneity,indicating strong fluid mobility.In contrast,the western sandstones,being nearer to the provenance,exhibit poor grain sorting,high contents of lithic fragments,strong compaction and cementation effects,resulting in poor petrophysical properties,and strong pore-throat heterogeneity,revealing weak fluid mobility.The range of full PSD in the eastern reservoir is wider than that in the western reservoir,with relatively well-developed macropores.The macropores are the primary space for occurrence of movable fluids,and controls the fluid mobility of the reservoir.The effective porosity of movable fluids(EPMF)quantitatively represents the pore space occupied by movable fluids within the reservoir and correlates well with porosity,permeability,and PTS parameters,making it a valuable parameter for evaluating fluid mobility.Under the multi-provenance system,the eastern and western reservoirs underwent different sedimentation and diagenesis processes,resulting in differential distribution of reservoir mineral components and pore types,which in turn affects the PTS heterogeneity and reservoir quality.The composition and content of reservoir minerals are intrinsic factors influencing fluid mobility,while the microscopic PTS is the primary factor controlling it.Low clay mineral content,welldeveloped macropores,and weak pore-throat heterogeneity all contribute to the storage and seepage of reservoir fluids.
文摘It is shown by the the law of mass action in combination with the coexistence theory of slag structure that KMn n =NMno /(NFeo [%Mn] does not change with basicities and maintains constant at constant temperature; the oxidizing capabilities of multicomponent slag systems containing CaO, MgO etc., can be expressed by NFe tO =NFeO + 6NFe2 O3 + 8NFe3O4; the desulfurizing capabilities of various basic oxides for multicomponent slag systems can be calculated by Ls=8(KCaSNCaO+KMgsNMgo +KFeSNFeO)∑n/[%O]; the dephosphorizing capabili- ties of CaO-MgO-FeO-FeO O3-P2 O5 as well as CaO-FeO-Fe2 O3-A12 O3-P2 O5 molten slags expressed respectively by Lpo=(%P2O5)/[P]2 = 141.94[%O]5∑nK00(1 + K5N2Cao + K6N3CaO + K7N4CaO + K8N2MgO + K9N3MgO + K10N3FeO + K11N4Feo); LPO=(%P2O5)/[P]2= 141.94[%O]5∑nK00(1 + K10N2CaO+ K11N3CaO+ K12N4CaO + K13N3FeO + K14N4FeO) have good agreement with practical values.
文摘The development of sustainable electrode materials for energy storage systems has become very important and porous carbons derived from biomass have become an important candidate because of their tunable pore structure,environmental friendliness,and cost-effectiveness.Recent advances in controlling the pore structure of these carbons and its relationship between to is energy storage performance are discussed,emphasizing the critical role of a balanced distribution of micropores,mesopores and macropores in determining electrochemical behavior.Particular attention is given to how the intrinsic components of biomass precursors(lignin,cellulose,and hemicellulose)influence pore formation during carbonization.Carbonization and activation strategies to precisely control the pore structure are introduced.Finally,key challenges in the industrial production of these carbons are outlined,and future research directions are proposed.These include the establishment of a database of biomass intrinsic structures and machine learning-assisted pore structure engineering,aimed at providing guidance for the design of high-performance carbon materials for next-generation energy storage devices.
文摘In order to solve existing problems about the method of establishing traditional system structure of decision support system(DSS), O S chart is applied to describe object oriented system structure of general DSS, and a new method of eight specific steps is proposed to establish object oriented system structure of DSS by using the method of O S chart, which is applied successfully to the development of the DSS for the energy system ecology engineering research of the Wangheqiu country. Supplying many scientific effective computing models, decision support ways and a lot of accurate reliable decision data, the DSS plays a critical part in helping engineering researchers to make correct decisions. Because the period for developing the DSS is relatively shorter, the new way improves the efficiency of establishing DSS greatly. It also makes the DSS of system structure more flexible and easy to expand.
文摘This paper focuses on English homework design in compulsory education under the“Double Reduction”policy.It first analyzes the research background and significance,reviews relevant literature at home and abroad,and points out existing problems.Then,based on constructivist learning theory,multiple intelligences theory,and formative assessment theory,it proposes design principles like reducing burden and increasing efficiency,and design strategies such as layered design.Although the research has limitations,it provides theoretical and practical references for English education reform.
文摘This paper focuses on C-K theory with its application to expand the scope of innovative solutions to transform health systems.The previous paper(Huttin,2024)provided a review of main design theories and a description of the research process and interactions between investigators for physicians’choice models using random price generators.The selection of alternatives for that user case mainly related to medical policy problems(e.g.Huttin&Hausman,2021).However,such experimental studies require scaling up for bigger samples and therefore comprehensive user cases,to be useful for transformative tools in health system reforms.The use of C-K theory(Hatchuel&Weil,2002)may be a useful framework to generate data elements on economic and financial information,from conversation of care,and expand the dataspace,with innovative applications of the algorithms(as proposed in Prof.Huttin’s studies).The development of such economic models will impact the architecture of national or international accounting systems;therefore,they may require the design of ad hoc or satellite health accounts with such additional type of information.However,the architecture of health accounts is more driven by environmental communities who dominate methodological advances(e.g.agriculture,forestry management,etc.);modeling techniques in international health accounting generate specific tracers to integrate in aggregate indexes.Such development of the K space may be used for the health targets under the global agenda(e.g.SDGs).The statistical methods used to transform this K space,their selection process,and the identification of key parameters estimates will determine to a certain extent the transformation of health systems and will nurture the C concepts(e.g.more justice in reallocation of services and access to care).In global health,comparable national estimates are used(e.g.“Global Burden of Diseases”(GBD)and risk predictors for health risk evaluation).In relation to global pricing,the agenda refers to“Universal Health Coverage”(UHC),to accelerate access to affordable medical services in different regions of the world.Additional economic and financial information on populations with methodologies such as Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling(HBM)and its countervailing use(e.g.,physicians reversed conjoint models,Huttin,2017),with trained models on bigger samples and comprehensive user cases,contributes to structuring the pathway to transformative changes.
基金Project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10471145 and 10372053） and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Provincial Government of China （Grant Nos 0311011400 and 0511022200）.
文摘The algebraic structure and Poisson＇s integral theory of mechanico-electrical systems are studied. The Hamilton canonical equations and generalized Hamilton canonical equations and their the contravariant algebraic forms for mechanico-electrical systems are obtained. The Lie algebraic structure and the Poisson＇s integral theory of Lagrange mechanico-electrical systems are derived. The Lie algebraic structure admitted and Poisson＇s integral theory of the Lagrange-Maxwell mechanico-electrical systems are presented. Two examples are presented to illustrate these results.
文摘This study aims to explore the application of SysTrust Theory in Accounting Information Systems(AIS)through a systematic literature review.SysTrust Theory,developed by the AICPA(2017),focuses on the reliability of information systems by assessing aspects such as availability,integrity,security,confidentiality,and privacy.This study analyzed several related articles published between 2012 and 2025,identifying the positive impacts of implementing SysTrust Theory on AIS effectiveness,business performance,financial reporting quality,and organizational commitment.The results showed that integrity was the most dominant factor in improving AIS reliability,followed by security and privacy.The implementation of SysTrust has also been shown to reduce the risk of fraud,improve the accuracy of financial data,and support strategic decision making.However,challenges such as user uncertainty about electronic payment systems and technology adaptation continue to be obstacles.This study recommends the need to improve system quality,educate users,and strengthen internal controls to optimize the benefits of SysTrust Theory in business practices.
基金Project supported by the National Defense Technology Foundation Under the State Administration of Science,Technology,and Industry for National Defense of China(No.JSZL2022213A001)the Special Funds for Basic Research in Central Universities of China(No.HYGJZN202322)。
文摘The bolted flange structure finds significant applications in fields such as aerospace,shipbuilding,and pipeline transportation.The investigation of its dynamic characteristics has consistently been a focal point for researchers;however,there remains a deficiency in the development of robust analytical models.This paper introduces a novel analytical model based on the finite element methods and the Timoshenko beam theory to accurately simulate the bolted flange structure.The stiffness,mass,damping,and inertia matrices of the rotor system are individually derived,and the dynamic equation is subsequently formulated.The model’s validity and accuracy are validated through both the experimental testing and the finite element analysis.This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the external loads and the influence of the geometric configuration on the stiffness and contact behavior of the bolted flange structure,thereby enabling a thorough and precise prediction of the static and dynamic load transfer pathways,as well as the distribution of vibrational energy within the structure,while also facilitating the incorporation of friction and slip effects.Simultaneously,this work provides a foundational framework for the optimization design of bolted flange structures,addressing the factors such as the number,size,and geometric distribution of bolts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174299)the State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization,China(No.2024P4FZG10).
文摘This study analyzes the influence of TiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) contents on the microstructure of CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-xwt%Al_(2)O_(3)-ywt%TiO_(2)(14≤x≤22,0≤y≤10)blast furnace slag systems based on the change of slag viscosity,Raman spectroscopy,and molecular dynamics.The Raman spectroscopy results indicate that an increase in TiO_(2) content leads to the gradual depolymerization of complex Q_(Si)^(3) Q_(Si)^(2) Q_(Si)^(0) Q_(Si)^(1)silicate structures(and)into simpler structures(and)in the slag.At the same time,the Al-O-Al bonds in the aluminate structures of the slag also depolymerize into simpler Al-O-forms,resulting in a decrease in the degree of polymerization of both silicates and aluminates.In contrast,an increase in Al_(2)O_(3) content generally results in an increased degree of polymerization for the silicates and aluminates.Molecular dynamics simulations of the polymerization and depolymerization processes in the microstructure of the blast fur-nace slag reveal that Si and Al mainly exist in tetrahedral[SiO_(4)]^(4-)and[AlO_(4)]^(4-),while Ti mainly exists in the form of simple pentaco-ordinate[TiO_(5)]^(6-)and hexacoordinate[TiO_(6)]^(8-).TiO_(2) exhibits basic properties in this system,whereas Al_(2)O_(3) demonstrates acidic behavior.The addition of TiO_(2) introduces free oxide ions into the system,causing the bridging oxygens to break into non-bridging oxygens,lead-Q_(Si)^(4) Q_(Si)^(3)ing to the depolymerization of complex structures and,which simplifies the slag structure.On the other hand,an increase in Al_(2)O_(3) content tends to capture or share the oxide ions within the system to form[AlO_(4)]^(4-),resulting in the polymerization of free oxygens into Q_(Si)^(0) Q_(Si)^(1)non-bridging oxygens,which further polymerize into bridging oxygens and lead to the consolidation of simple structures and,resulting in a more complex slag structure.Both Raman spectroscopy analysis and molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that the degree of polymerization of[SiO_(4)]^(4-) and[AlO_(4)]^(4-) in the slag network structure is a crucial factor determining the fluidity of the slag.
