The statistical properties of the normalized Stokes parameters in a Gaussian stochastic plane wave field are described in detail. Via the expression of the three normalized Stokes parameters, the mean, variance, and h...The statistical properties of the normalized Stokes parameters in a Gaussian stochastic plane wave field are described in detail. Via the expression of the three normalized Stokes parameters, the mean, variance, and high-order moments are calculated, which simplify C. Brosseau＇s results. The new dispersion, normalized contrast function, skewness, and kurtosis are defined to describe the non-Gaussian distribution characteristics, which can be applied to Gaussian wave fields relating to depolarization of light by a spatially random medium.展开更多
We investigate the diffractive paraxial wave equation with an external potential,utilizing self-similarity and variable separation methods.The exact solution to this evolution equation,expressed through Scorer functio...We investigate the diffractive paraxial wave equation with an external potential,utilizing self-similarity and variable separation methods.The exact solution to this evolution equation,expressed through Scorer functions,gives rise to the new Scorer beams.We explore the dynamics of counterpropagating Scorer beams,as promising optical wave packets,focusing on their compression behavior.The Scorer beams are characterized by two key parameters:the attenuation factor and the initial pulse width.By appropriately adjusting these parameters,significant beam compression can be achieved.Specifically,increasing the attenuation factor enhances compression and raises pulse amplitude,while reducing the initial pulse width further amplifies these effects.Along the way,we observe interesting interference patterns of the counterpropagating Scorer beams that have never been seen before.This study introduces a novel approach to beam compression and opens new possibilities for practical applications of Scorer beams.展开更多
This study investigated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952 as an adsorbent for arsenic in groundwater. Batch experiments were used to determine the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, arsenic (III) con...This study investigated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952 as an adsorbent for arsenic in groundwater. Batch experiments were used to determine the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, arsenic (III) concentration, pH, and temperature on the process. The percentage of arsenic (III) removed was high at a contact time of four days, 3.0 mL of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952, pH 8 and temperature of 35°C. The kinetics of the process showed the Elovich kinetics model as the best fit for the process. This indicates that arsenic removal was by chemisorption. The analysis of the nonlinear equilibrium isotherms and the error functions showed the Langmuir isotherm as best fit for the process. Mechanistic study of the process indicated bulk diffusion to be the rate-determining step. Thermodynamically, the process was favourable, spontaneous and feasible. When the community water samples were treated with the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952 at the optimum contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature, 99.96% - 99.97% of arsenic was removed across all sampling points within the studied communities. Hence, the results show that <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952 is an efficient adsorbent for arsenic in aqueous systems and the organism appears to hold the key to purging the environment of arsenic contamination.展开更多
基金National Excellent PhD Paper Funds Supporting (Grant No.08100101)the New Century Excellent Talent Plan in China (Grant No.NCET-04-0997)
文摘The statistical properties of the normalized Stokes parameters in a Gaussian stochastic plane wave field are described in detail. Via the expression of the three normalized Stokes parameters, the mean, variance, and high-order moments are calculated, which simplify C. Brosseau＇s results. The new dispersion, normalized contrast function, skewness, and kurtosis are defined to describe the non-Gaussian distribution characteristics, which can be applied to Gaussian wave fields relating to depolarization of light by a spatially random medium.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62275176the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,under Grant No.2022A1515010084+1 种基金by Key Projects of Basic Research and Applied Basic Research in Universities of Guangdong Province,China,under Grants Nos.2021ZDZX1118 and 2022ZDZX1079supported by the NPRP 13S-0121-200126 Project with the Qatar National Research Fund(a member of the Qatar Foundation).
文摘We investigate the diffractive paraxial wave equation with an external potential,utilizing self-similarity and variable separation methods.The exact solution to this evolution equation,expressed through Scorer functions,gives rise to the new Scorer beams.We explore the dynamics of counterpropagating Scorer beams,as promising optical wave packets,focusing on their compression behavior.The Scorer beams are characterized by two key parameters:the attenuation factor and the initial pulse width.By appropriately adjusting these parameters,significant beam compression can be achieved.Specifically,increasing the attenuation factor enhances compression and raises pulse amplitude,while reducing the initial pulse width further amplifies these effects.Along the way,we observe interesting interference patterns of the counterpropagating Scorer beams that have never been seen before.This study introduces a novel approach to beam compression and opens new possibilities for practical applications of Scorer beams.
文摘This study investigated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952 as an adsorbent for arsenic in groundwater. Batch experiments were used to determine the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, arsenic (III) concentration, pH, and temperature on the process. The percentage of arsenic (III) removed was high at a contact time of four days, 3.0 mL of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952, pH 8 and temperature of 35°C. The kinetics of the process showed the Elovich kinetics model as the best fit for the process. This indicates that arsenic removal was by chemisorption. The analysis of the nonlinear equilibrium isotherms and the error functions showed the Langmuir isotherm as best fit for the process. Mechanistic study of the process indicated bulk diffusion to be the rate-determining step. Thermodynamically, the process was favourable, spontaneous and feasible. When the community water samples were treated with the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952 at the optimum contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature, 99.96% - 99.97% of arsenic was removed across all sampling points within the studied communities. Hence, the results show that <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC13952 is an efficient adsorbent for arsenic in aqueous systems and the organism appears to hold the key to purging the environment of arsenic contamination.
