Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the an...Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells.Our study investigates the role of JAML+CD8+T cells in HCC.Methods:We utilized time-of-flight mass cytometry and an orthotopic mouse model of HCC to examine histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating immune cells undergoing immunotherapy.Flow cytometry was used to assess CD4+T cells differentiation and JAML expression in CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase A+(LDHA+)CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of an agonistic anti-JAML antibody,both alone and combined with immunotherapy.Finally,RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms.Results:Immunotherapy significantly increased the percentage of CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC and induced histone modifications,such as H3K18 lactylation(H3K18la)in CD4+T cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lactate promotes the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells.LDHA,an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate,plays a key role in this process.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between LDHA+CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells in patients who responded to immunotherapy.Moreover,high JAML expression in CD8+T cells was associated with a more favorable prognosis.In vivo experiments demonstrated that agonistic anti-JAML antibody therapy reduced tumor volume and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice,independent of the effects of anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(αPD-L1)-mediated immunotherapy.Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that JAML enhances CTL responses through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Conclusions:Activation of JAML enhances CTL responses in HCC treatment,independent ofαPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy,providing a promising strategy for advanced HCC.展开更多
This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junctio...This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junction solar cells represent a major advancement in photovoltaic technologies, as they optimize light absorption and charge collection efficiency. The focus is on the impact of the magnetic field and temperature on the decay of transient voltage, which provides crucial information on recombination processes and the lifetime of minority carriers. The results reveal that the magnetic field tends to increase the transient voltage by directly affecting the transient electron density. Indeed, for B > 7 × 10−5 T, the magnetic field prolongs the relaxation time by increasing the transient voltage amplitude. Additionally, rising temperatures accelerate (ranging from 290 K to 450 K) recombination processes, thereby reducing the transient voltage, although this effect is moderated by the presence of a magnetic field. The study highlights the complex interaction between magnetic field and temperature, with significant impacts on the transient behaviour.展开更多
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a widely used technique to monitor the electrical properties of a catalyst under electrocatalytic conditions.Although it is extensively used for research in electrocatalys...Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a widely used technique to monitor the electrical properties of a catalyst under electrocatalytic conditions.Although it is extensively used for research in electrocatalysis,its effectiveness and power have not been fully harnessed to elucidate complex interfacial processes.Herein,we use the frequency dispersion parameter,n,which is extracted from EIS measurements(C_(s)=af^(n+1),-2<n<-1),to describe the dispersion characteristics of capacitance and interfacial properties of Co_(3)O_(4) before the onset of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline conditions.We first prove that the n-value is sensitive to the interfacial electronic changes associated with Co redox processes and surface reconstruction.The n-value decreases by increasing the specific/active surface area of the catalysts.We further modify the interfacial properties by changing different components,i.e.,replacing the proton with deuterium,adding ethanol as a new oxidant,and changing the cation in the electrolyte.Intriguingly,the n-value can identify different influences on the interfacial process of proton transfer,the decrease and blocking of oxidized Co species,and the interfacial water structure.We demonstrate that the n-value extracted from EIS measurements is sensitive to the kinetic isotope effect,electrolyte cation,adsorbate surface coverage of oxidized Co species,and the interfacial water structure.Thus,it can be helpful to differentiate the multiple factors affecting the catalyst interface.These findings convey that the frequency dispersion of capacitance is a convenient and useful method to uncover the interfacial properties under electrocatalytic conditions,which helps to advance the understanding of the interfaceactivity relationship.展开更多
The characteristic behavior of the inductance and capacitance of multi junction ac Josephson effect in superconductor has been presented. Few parameters characterizing the behavior of Josephson junctions are needed to...The characteristic behavior of the inductance and capacitance of multi junction ac Josephson effect in superconductor has been presented. Few parameters characterizing the behavior of Josephson junctions are needed to evaluate for technological applications. In this paper, the inductance and capacitance of the multi Josephson junction connected in parallel are evaluated, using simple classical argument. The numerical results for inductance and capacitance have also been included, indicating few technological applications.展开更多
The development of high-performance,reproducible carbon(C)-based supercapacitors remains a significant challenge because of limited specific capacitance.Herein,we present a novel strategy for fabricating LaCoO_(x) and...The development of high-performance,reproducible carbon(C)-based supercapacitors remains a significant challenge because of limited specific capacitance.Herein,we present a novel strategy for fabricating LaCoO_(x) and cobalt(Co)-doped nanoporous C(LaCoO_(x)/Co@ZNC)through the carbonization of Co/Zn-zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)crystals derived from a PVP-Co/Zn/La precursor.The unique ZIF structure effectively disrupted the graphitic C framework,preserved the Co active sites,and enhanced the electrical conductivity.The synergistic interaction between pyridinic nitrogen and Co ions further promoted redox reactions.In addition,the formation of a hierarchical pore structure through zinc sublimation facili-tated electrolyte diffusion.The resulting LaCoO_(x)/Co@ZNC exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance,delivering a remarkable specific capacitance of 2,789 F/g at 1 A/g and outstanding cycling stability with 92%capacitance retention after 3,750 cycles.Our findings provide the basis for a promising approach to advancing C-based energy storage technologies.展开更多
Transient negative capacitance(NC),as an available dynamic charge effect achieved in resistor-ferroelectric capacitor(R-FEC)circuits,has triggered a series of theoretical and experimental works focusing on its physica...Transient negative capacitance(NC),as an available dynamic charge effect achieved in resistor-ferroelectric capacitor(R-FEC)circuits,has triggered a series of theoretical and experimental works focusing on its physical mechanism and device application.Here,we analytically derived the effects of different mechanical conditions on the transient NC behaviors in the R-FEC circuit based on the phenomenological model.It shows that the ferroelectric capacitor can exhibit either NC(i.e.,“single NC”and“double NC”)or positive capacitance,depending on the mechanical condition and temperature.Further numerical calculations show that the voltage drop caused by NC can be effectively controlled by temperature,applied stress,or strain.The relationship between NC voltage drop and system configurations including external resistance,dynamical coefficient of polarization,and input voltage are presented,showing diverse strategies to manipulate the NC effect.These results provide theoretical guidelines for rational design and efficient control of NC-related electronic devices.展开更多
During oilfield development,a comprehensive model for assessing inter-well connectivity and connected volume within reservoirs is crucial.Traditional capacitance(TC)models,widely used in inter-well data analysis,face ...During oilfield development,a comprehensive model for assessing inter-well connectivity and connected volume within reservoirs is crucial.Traditional capacitance(TC)models,widely used in inter-well data analysis,face challenges when dealing with rapidly changing reservoir conditions over time.Additionally,TC models struggle with complex,random noise primarily caused by measurement errors in production and injection rates.To address these challenges,this study introduces a dynamic capacitance(SV-DC)model based on state variables.By integrating the extended Kalman filter(EKF)algorithm,the SV-DC model provides more flexible predictions of inter-well connectivity and time-lag efficiency compared to the TC model.The robustness of the SV-DC model is verified by comparing relative errors between preset and calculated values through Monte Carlo simulations.Sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the model performance with the benchmark,using the Qinhuangdao Oilfield as a case study.The results show that the SV-DC model accurately predicts water breakthrough times.Increases in the liquid production index and water cut in two typical wells indicate the development time of ineffective circulation channels,further confirming the accuracy and reliability of the model.The SV-DC model offers significant advantages in addressing complex,dynamic oilfield production scenarios and serves as a valuable tool for the efficient and precise planning and management of future oilfield developments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia(CJET)is a rare but life-threatening arrhythmia in neonates and infants,often refractory to conventional antiar-rhythmic therapy.Ivabradine,a selective inhibitor of ...BACKGROUND Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia(CJET)is a rare but life-threatening arrhythmia in neonates and infants,often refractory to conventional antiar-rhythmic therapy.Ivabradine,a selective inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels,has emerged as a promising drug for CJET management.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ivabradine in the management of CJET.Specifically,this study aims to analyze the dosing strategies,treatment outcomes,and the role of ivabradine as monotherapy or adjunct therapy in patients who have previously received other antiarrhythmic medications.Additionally,this review seeks to assess the impact of ivabradine on heart rate(HR)control,rhythm conversion,and its overall safety profile to provide evidence-based insights into its clinical use for CJET management.METHODS This systematic review aims to evaluate the outcomes of ivabradine,either as monotherapy or as an adjunctive therapy,in the treatment of CJET.A compre-hensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies investigating the use of ivabradine in CJET.Stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the inclusion of high-quality,peer-reviewed studies.Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.RESULTS Ten studies,comprising 6 case reports,3 case series,and 1 cohort study,met the inclusion criteria.Ivabradine doses ranged from 0.025 to 0.28 mg/kg/dose,administered either as monotherapy or in combination with various antiar-rhythmic medications.Overall,ivabradine demonstrated promising results in achieving HR control,conversion to sinus rhythm,or stabilization of junctional rhythm.No significant adverse effects related to ivabradine were reported.CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that ivabradine may be an effective adjunctive therapy or,in some cases,a potential monotherapy for the management of CJET,particularly in cases refractory to traditional antiarrhythmic medications.However,the current evidence is limited by the small sample sizes and retrospective nature of the included studies.Well-designed prospective studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are warranted to further elucidate the role of ivabradine in CJET management.展开更多
Nitrate pollution poses a significant environmental challenge,and photocatalytic nitrate reduction has garnered considerable attention due to its efficiency and environmental advantages.Among these,the development of ...Nitrate pollution poses a significant environmental challenge,and photocatalytic nitrate reduction has garnered considerable attention due to its efficiency and environmental advantages.Among these,the development of Schottky junctions shows considerable potential for practical applications.However,the impact of metal nanoparticle size within Schottky junctions on photocatalytic nitrate reduction remains largely unexplored.In this study,we propose a novel method to modulate metal nanoparticle size within Schottky junctions by controlling light intensity during the photodeposition process.Smaller Au nanoparticles were found to enhance electron accumulation at active sites by promoting charge transfer from COF to Au,thereby improving internal electron transport.Additionally,the Schottky barrier effectively suppressed reverse electron transfer while enhancing NO_(3)^(–)adsorption and activation.The Au_(2-)COF exhibited remarkable nitrate reduction performance,achieving an ammonia yield of 382.48μmol g^(–1)h^(–1),5.7 times higher than that of pure COF.This work provides novel theoretical and practical insights into using controlled light intensity to regulate metal nanoparticle size within Schottky junctions,thereby enhancing photocatalytic nitrate reduction.展开更多
Nanoscale metal-based tunneling junction(MTJ)devices were fabricated using the electromigration method,and their electrical properties were studied after exposure toγ-andβ-radiation.Irradiation caused the set thresh...Nanoscale metal-based tunneling junction(MTJ)devices were fabricated using the electromigration method,and their electrical properties were studied after exposure toγ-andβ-radiation.Irradiation caused the set threshold voltage(V_(set))of the MTJ devices to increase,leading to a transition from a low-resistance state(LRS)to a high-resistance state(HRS).This shift in V_(set)was due to atom displacement from high-energy electrons excited byγ-andβ-radiation.Unlike semiconductor devices,MTJ devices showed resilience to permanent damage and could be restored in-situ through multiple I-V(I is the drain current;V is the drain voltage)sweeps with appropriate configurations.This ability to recover suggests that MTJ devices have promising potential under irradiation.The reparability of irradiated MTJ devices is closely related to nothing-on-insulator(NOI)their structure,providing insights for other NOI and metal-based micro-nanoscale devices.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)has distinct malignant features compared with other esophageal and gastric cancers.Its management is controversial and largely influenced by tumor location...BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)has distinct malignant features compared with other esophageal and gastric cancers.Its management is controversial and largely influenced by tumor location and esophageal involve-ment.Hence,understanding the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of AEG is essential for optimizing treatment strategies.AIM To evaluate the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with AEG,providing insights for management strategies.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed cases with AEG admitted between January 2016 and December 2017.Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were categorized into three groups:Type E[tumors whose center was located within 5 cm above the esophagogastric junction(EGJ)];Type Eg(tumors whose center was situated within 2 cm below the EGJ),with a 2-cm esophageal invasion;Type Ge(tumors whose center was situated within 2 cm below the EGJ),with an esophageal in-vasion of<2 cm,based on tumor location and esophageal involvement.Then,clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of the groups were compared to evaluate the predictive value of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Alliance against Cancer 8th edition gastric cancer and eso-phageal adenocarcinoma staging systems.Statistical analysis included survival analysis and Cox regression to assess prognostic factors.RESULTS Totally,153 patients with AEG were included(median follow up:41.1 months;22,31,and 100 patients from type E,Eg,and Ge,respectively),with significant differences in maximum tumor length,esophageal involvement length,tumor type,pathology,differentiation,depth of invasion,and lymph node metastasis between the groups(P<0.05).Lymph node metastasis rates at stations 1,2,3,and 7 were lower in type E than in Eg and Ge(P<0.05).Survival rates for type E(45.5%)were significantly lower than those for Eg(48.4%)and Ge(73.0%)(P=0.001).Type E tumors,vascular infiltration,T3-T4 invasion depth,and lymph node metastasis,were identified as independent prognostic factors(P<0.05).The gastric cancer staging system outperformed the esophageal adenocarcinoma system for type Ge tumors.CONCLUSION Clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses varied between the AEG groups,with type E demonstrating distinct features.The gastric cancer staging system more accurately predicted type Ge AEG prognosis,guiding clinical decision-making.展开更多
BACKGROUND The spectrum of gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs)in the upper gastrointestinal system ranges from non-neoplastic to malignant lesions,with gastrointestinal stromal tumors exhibiting inherent malignant potenti...BACKGROUND The spectrum of gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs)in the upper gastrointestinal system ranges from non-neoplastic to malignant lesions,with gastrointestinal stromal tumors exhibiting inherent malignant potential.However,the diagnosis of SMTs remains challenging,and treatment methods,especially for tumors located at the cardia or esophagogastric junction(EGJ),are not well established.Minimally invasive techniques-such as endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER),and laparoscopic wedge resection(LWR)-have been developed for these lesions.However,comparative data on their feasibility,safety,and clinical outcomes in these locations remain limited.AIM To compare ESD,STER,and LWR for SMTs at the EGJ or cardia,focusing on procedural feasibility.METHODS This single-center retrospective study included patients with SMTs less than 45 mm from the muscularis propria,growing intraluminally at the EGJ or cardia,and treated with ESD,STER,or LWR between July 2014 and September 2022.The primary outcome was relapse-free survival during follow-up.RESULTS The median age(interquartile range)was 53.0(40.0-57.5),43.0(39.0-57.0),and 56.0(43.0-64.0)years for ESD,STER,and LWR,respectively.The median follow-up time(interquartile range)was 60.0(26.5-66.5),24.0(13.0-38.0),and 35.0(21.0-60.0)months.LWR had the largest tumors(30.0 mm)and the highest rate of high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors(68.0%,P<0.001).Tumor recurrence occurred in one LWR patient(4.0%,P=0.600).En bloc and macroscopic resection rates were 100%(P=1.000),but microscopic resection rates differed(P=0.021).Significant minor complications occurred in 5 patients(10.0%),all grade IIIa.Tumor location(cardia/fundus,P=0.006)and prolonged procedure time(P<0.001)were significantly associated with complications.CONCLUSION ESD,STER,and LWR are effective for SMTs at the EGJ and cardia,with minor complications associated with tumor location and procedure time,and comparable recurrence rates.展开更多
This paper theoretically investigates the influence of a cylindrical PN junction on the propagation characteristics of shear cylindrical waves(SCWs)in an infinitely long piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)concentric cylin...This paper theoretically investigates the influence of a cylindrical PN junction on the propagation characteristics of shear cylindrical waves(SCWs)in an infinitely long piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)concentric cylinder structure.This PS concentric cylinder structure is composed of three regions:an inner PS cylinder,an outer PS cylindrical shell,and a cylindrical PN junction at the interface between the two aforementioned regions.First,the basic equations of the PS concentric cylinder structure are derived,taking into account the coupling of the mechanical displacement,electric potential,and charge carrier perturbation in the cylindrical coordinate system.Next,a mathematical model for the SCWs in this PS concentric cylinder structure is established,utilizing the spectral method and considering the physical characteristics of the cylindrical PN junction.Finally,the dispersion and attenuation curves of the SCWs are numerically calculated to discuss the influence of the interface effect resulting from the cylindrical PN junction.It is found that the existence of a cylindrical PN junction can either reduce or enhance the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion,which is closely related to the doping mode,doping concentration,and curvature radius of the cylindrical interface.A reasonable design of the aforementioned parameters can optimize the wave motion in acoustic equipment formed by PS media with different frequencies or wavelengths.The construction and resolution of the mathematical model as well as the analysis of physical mechanisms can offer theoretical guidance for improving the efficiency of energy conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy and optimizing the acoustic performance of energy harvesting devices.展开更多
We report the effect of ruthenium dye on negative capacitance of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide/poly(3-hexyl thiophene), nc-TiO2/P3HT, heterojunction solar cells. It has been found that the low frequency capacitance...We report the effect of ruthenium dye on negative capacitance of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide/poly(3-hexyl thiophene), nc-TiO2/P3HT, heterojunction solar cells. It has been found that the low frequency capacitance reaches a high positive value and then drop to the negative region. In P3HT/Ru-Dye/nc-TiO2 solar cells, the negative capacitance is observed under very low forward bias condition unlike the negative capacitance in P3HT/ncTiO2 solar cells. That is attributed to the difference of the concentration of dipole and presence of depletion region at interface between the P3HT and nc-TiO2.展开更多
Based on the nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD)model,the coupled behavior between the mechanical and electrical fields in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)PN junctions under two typical loading conditions is investigated.T...Based on the nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD)model,the coupled behavior between the mechanical and electrical fields in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)PN junctions under two typical loading conditions is investigated.The governing equations for the general shell structure of the PS PN junction are derived within the framework of virtual work principles and charge continuity conditions.The distributions of the electromechanical coupling field are obtained by the Fourier series expansion and the differential quadrature method(DQM),and the nonlinearity is addressed with the iterative method.Several numerical examples are presented to investigate the effects of mechanical loading on the charge carrier transport characteristics.It is found that the barrier height of the heterojunction can be effectively modulated by mechanical loading.Furthermore,a nonlinearity index is introduced to quantify the influence of nonlinearity in the model.It is noted that,when the concentration difference between the two sides is considerable,the nonlinear results differ significantly from the linear results,thereby necessitating the adoption of the NLDD model.展开更多
Dyke swarms frequently act as natural barriers,obstructing or deflecting stream courses.Streams tend to flow along the outcrop ridges of dykes,resulting in acute junction angles.Dykes serve as structural controls by i...Dyke swarms frequently act as natural barriers,obstructing or deflecting stream courses.Streams tend to flow along the outcrop ridges of dykes,resulting in acute junction angles.Dykes serve as structural controls by influencing the orientation of streams.The relationship between stream junction angles and dyke orientation is a significant factor in stream confluences.Terrain plays a crucial role in directing the river’s flow path and shaping its characteristics.This research paper investigates the impact of dyke orientation on stream junction angles through stream hierarchy analysis.The Rangavali River,a left-bank tributary of the Tapi River,flows for a distance of 45.65 km,crossing 21 East-West(E-W)trending dykes within a 215.95 km2 basin,which forms part of the Deccan Traps.To examine the relationship between dyke orientation and stream junction angles,inputs from Google Earth imagery,LISS III im ages,SOI topographical maps,quadrangle maps,and Cartosat DEM were used to delineate the Rangavali basin and extract dyke features.The Rangavali River basin is a sixth-order drainage system that exhibits a superimposed drainage pattern within the Tapi dyke swarm zone.The prominent linear dyke ridges are predominantly aligned in an East-West direction(average angle N81˚),with a dyke density of 0.51 km/km2.The average junction angle of streams within 100 m upstream and downstream of the dyke ridges is 81˚,compared to an av-erage of 78˚in non-dyke areas.The trend of acute junction angles is attributed to the orientation of the dykes and the distance of streams from the parallel-aligned dyke ridges.This study demonstrates that dyke ridges not only redirect stream flow but also control drainage density and network development.The findings have broader implications for watershed management,flood risk as sessment,infrastructure planning,and groundwater exploration in basaltic terrains and contribute significantly to the understanding of fluvial-structural in teractions in volcanic landscapes.展开更多
The negative ion based neutral beam injector(NNBI)with a beam energy of 400 keV is one of the subsystems at the Comprehensive Research fAcility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)in China.The distributed capacitance of the h...The negative ion based neutral beam injector(NNBI)with a beam energy of 400 keV is one of the subsystems at the Comprehensive Research fAcility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)in China.The distributed capacitance of the high-voltage components is an important basis for the design of surge suppression devices at CRAFT NNBI.This study conducted calculations of distributed capacitance for the key components,including the high-voltage deck,transmission line and isolation transformer in the power supply system using the finite element method.The relationship between the high-voltage deck(HVD)distributed capacitance and the distance from the wall is discussed.The differences in distributed capacitance and energy storage between noncoaxial and coaxial transmission lines are also debated.Finally,the capacitance between the primary and secondary windings of the-400 kV isolation transformer,as well as between the secondary winding and the oil tank casing,was calculated.展开更多
Background The aim of this study was to determine whether and how Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength(Zn-Prot M)can alleviate heat stress(HS)-induced intestinal barrier function damage of broilers.A complet...Background The aim of this study was to determine whether and how Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength(Zn-Prot M)can alleviate heat stress(HS)-induced intestinal barrier function damage of broilers.A completely randomized design was used for comparatively testing the effects of Zn proteinate on HS and non-HS broilers.Under high temperature(HT),a 1(Control,HT-CON)+2(Zn source)×2(added Zn level)factorial arrangement of treatments was used.The 2 added Zn sources were Zn-Prot M and Zn sulfate(ZnS),and the 2 added Zn levels were 30 and 60 mg/kg.Under normal temperature(NT),a CON group(NT-CON)and pair-fed group(NT-PF)were included.Results The results showed that HS significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1,occludin,junctional adhesion molecule-A(JAMA),zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and zinc finger protein A20(A20)in the jejunum,and HS also remarkably increased serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-D),endotoxin and interleukin(IL)-1βcontents,serum diamine oxidase(DAO)and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 activities,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 mRNA expression level,and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the jejunum.However,dietary supplementation with Zn,especially organic Zn as Zn-Prot M at 60 mg/kg,significantly decreased serum FITC-D,endotoxin and IL-1βcontents,serum DAO and MMP-2 activities,NF-κB p65 mRNA expression level,and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the jejunum of HS broilers,and notably promoted mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1,ZO-1 and A20.Conclusions Our results suggest that dietary Zn,especially 60 mg Zn/kg as Zn-Prot M,can alleviate HS-induced intestinal barrier function damage by promoting the expression of TJ proteins possibly via induction of A20-mediated suppression of the NF-κB p65/MMP-2 pathway in the jejunum of HS broilers.展开更多
Quantum interference effect serves as a critical strategy for addressing incorrect energy level alignment between frontier molecular orbitals and electrodes in molecular junctions. Weak-coupling structures offer an ef...Quantum interference effect serves as a critical strategy for addressing incorrect energy level alignment between frontier molecular orbitals and electrodes in molecular junctions. Weak-coupling structures offer an effective approach to suppress phonon thermal conductance. The thermoelectric properties of pure C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon devices and C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20) molecular junctions are systematically investigated based on density functional theory(DFT) combined with nonequilibrium Green's function(NEGF) formalism. The results show that pure C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon devices have superior charge transport capabilities and excellent Seebeck coefficients. A remarkable thermoelectric figure of merit(ZT = 0.98)is achieved near 0.09 e V. The pronounced scattering effect induced by embedding a C_(20) molecule in the center of the C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon significantly suppresses phonon transport. A maximum ZT value of 1.68 is observed at 0.987 e V. The electron mobility of C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-par is effectively increased due to quantum interference effect which greatly improves the alignment between the C_(20) molecule's frontier orbital energy level and C_(3)N_(4) electrodes. The C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-van der Waals(vd W) molecular junction allows very few phonons to pass through the C_(20) molecule from the left electrode to the right electrode. As a result, the C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-vd W junction achieves an excellent ZT value of 3.82 near the Femi level.展开更多
Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJ...Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.展开更多
基金funded by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92159202)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1100500)+1 种基金the Leading Innovation Team Project of Hangzhou Medical College(No.CXLJ202401)the Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2024C03051)。
文摘Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells.Our study investigates the role of JAML+CD8+T cells in HCC.Methods:We utilized time-of-flight mass cytometry and an orthotopic mouse model of HCC to examine histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating immune cells undergoing immunotherapy.Flow cytometry was used to assess CD4+T cells differentiation and JAML expression in CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase A+(LDHA+)CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of an agonistic anti-JAML antibody,both alone and combined with immunotherapy.Finally,RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms.Results:Immunotherapy significantly increased the percentage of CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC and induced histone modifications,such as H3K18 lactylation(H3K18la)in CD4+T cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lactate promotes the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells.LDHA,an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate,plays a key role in this process.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between LDHA+CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells in patients who responded to immunotherapy.Moreover,high JAML expression in CD8+T cells was associated with a more favorable prognosis.In vivo experiments demonstrated that agonistic anti-JAML antibody therapy reduced tumor volume and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice,independent of the effects of anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(αPD-L1)-mediated immunotherapy.Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that JAML enhances CTL responses through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Conclusions:Activation of JAML enhances CTL responses in HCC treatment,independent ofαPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy,providing a promising strategy for advanced HCC.
文摘This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junction solar cells represent a major advancement in photovoltaic technologies, as they optimize light absorption and charge collection efficiency. The focus is on the impact of the magnetic field and temperature on the decay of transient voltage, which provides crucial information on recombination processes and the lifetime of minority carriers. The results reveal that the magnetic field tends to increase the transient voltage by directly affecting the transient electron density. Indeed, for B > 7 × 10−5 T, the magnetic field prolongs the relaxation time by increasing the transient voltage amplitude. Additionally, rising temperatures accelerate (ranging from 290 K to 450 K) recombination processes, thereby reducing the transient voltage, although this effect is moderated by the presence of a magnetic field. The study highlights the complex interaction between magnetic field and temperature, with significant impacts on the transient behaviour.
基金Swiss National Science Foundation through its PRIM A grant(grant No.PR00P2_193111)the NCCR MARVEL,a National Centre of Competence in Researchfunded by the Swiss National Science Foundation。
文摘Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a widely used technique to monitor the electrical properties of a catalyst under electrocatalytic conditions.Although it is extensively used for research in electrocatalysis,its effectiveness and power have not been fully harnessed to elucidate complex interfacial processes.Herein,we use the frequency dispersion parameter,n,which is extracted from EIS measurements(C_(s)=af^(n+1),-2<n<-1),to describe the dispersion characteristics of capacitance and interfacial properties of Co_(3)O_(4) before the onset of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline conditions.We first prove that the n-value is sensitive to the interfacial electronic changes associated with Co redox processes and surface reconstruction.The n-value decreases by increasing the specific/active surface area of the catalysts.We further modify the interfacial properties by changing different components,i.e.,replacing the proton with deuterium,adding ethanol as a new oxidant,and changing the cation in the electrolyte.Intriguingly,the n-value can identify different influences on the interfacial process of proton transfer,the decrease and blocking of oxidized Co species,and the interfacial water structure.We demonstrate that the n-value extracted from EIS measurements is sensitive to the kinetic isotope effect,electrolyte cation,adsorbate surface coverage of oxidized Co species,and the interfacial water structure.Thus,it can be helpful to differentiate the multiple factors affecting the catalyst interface.These findings convey that the frequency dispersion of capacitance is a convenient and useful method to uncover the interfacial properties under electrocatalytic conditions,which helps to advance the understanding of the interfaceactivity relationship.
文摘The characteristic behavior of the inductance and capacitance of multi junction ac Josephson effect in superconductor has been presented. Few parameters characterizing the behavior of Josephson junctions are needed to evaluate for technological applications. In this paper, the inductance and capacitance of the multi Josephson junction connected in parallel are evaluated, using simple classical argument. The numerical results for inductance and capacitance have also been included, indicating few technological applications.
基金supported financially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.22478115,22075083)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.B16017).
文摘The development of high-performance,reproducible carbon(C)-based supercapacitors remains a significant challenge because of limited specific capacitance.Herein,we present a novel strategy for fabricating LaCoO_(x) and cobalt(Co)-doped nanoporous C(LaCoO_(x)/Co@ZNC)through the carbonization of Co/Zn-zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)crystals derived from a PVP-Co/Zn/La precursor.The unique ZIF structure effectively disrupted the graphitic C framework,preserved the Co active sites,and enhanced the electrical conductivity.The synergistic interaction between pyridinic nitrogen and Co ions further promoted redox reactions.In addition,the formation of a hierarchical pore structure through zinc sublimation facili-tated electrolyte diffusion.The resulting LaCoO_(x)/Co@ZNC exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance,delivering a remarkable specific capacitance of 2,789 F/g at 1 A/g and outstanding cycling stability with 92%capacitance retention after 3,750 cycles.Our findings provide the basis for a promising approach to advancing C-based energy storage technologies.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.12222214,12132020,12002400,and 12172386)by Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices(Grant No.2022B1212010008)+1 种基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021B1515020021)by the Shenzhen Science and Techonlogy Program(Grant Nos.202206193000001 and 20220818181805001).
文摘Transient negative capacitance(NC),as an available dynamic charge effect achieved in resistor-ferroelectric capacitor(R-FEC)circuits,has triggered a series of theoretical and experimental works focusing on its physical mechanism and device application.Here,we analytically derived the effects of different mechanical conditions on the transient NC behaviors in the R-FEC circuit based on the phenomenological model.It shows that the ferroelectric capacitor can exhibit either NC(i.e.,“single NC”and“double NC”)or positive capacitance,depending on the mechanical condition and temperature.Further numerical calculations show that the voltage drop caused by NC can be effectively controlled by temperature,applied stress,or strain.The relationship between NC voltage drop and system configurations including external resistance,dynamical coefficient of polarization,and input voltage are presented,showing diverse strategies to manipulate the NC effect.These results provide theoretical guidelines for rational design and efficient control of NC-related electronic devices.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374051)the Joint Fund for Enterprise Innovation and Development of NSFC(Grant No.U24B2037).
文摘During oilfield development,a comprehensive model for assessing inter-well connectivity and connected volume within reservoirs is crucial.Traditional capacitance(TC)models,widely used in inter-well data analysis,face challenges when dealing with rapidly changing reservoir conditions over time.Additionally,TC models struggle with complex,random noise primarily caused by measurement errors in production and injection rates.To address these challenges,this study introduces a dynamic capacitance(SV-DC)model based on state variables.By integrating the extended Kalman filter(EKF)algorithm,the SV-DC model provides more flexible predictions of inter-well connectivity and time-lag efficiency compared to the TC model.The robustness of the SV-DC model is verified by comparing relative errors between preset and calculated values through Monte Carlo simulations.Sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the model performance with the benchmark,using the Qinhuangdao Oilfield as a case study.The results show that the SV-DC model accurately predicts water breakthrough times.Increases in the liquid production index and water cut in two typical wells indicate the development time of ineffective circulation channels,further confirming the accuracy and reliability of the model.The SV-DC model offers significant advantages in addressing complex,dynamic oilfield production scenarios and serves as a valuable tool for the efficient and precise planning and management of future oilfield developments.
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia(CJET)is a rare but life-threatening arrhythmia in neonates and infants,often refractory to conventional antiar-rhythmic therapy.Ivabradine,a selective inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels,has emerged as a promising drug for CJET management.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ivabradine in the management of CJET.Specifically,this study aims to analyze the dosing strategies,treatment outcomes,and the role of ivabradine as monotherapy or adjunct therapy in patients who have previously received other antiarrhythmic medications.Additionally,this review seeks to assess the impact of ivabradine on heart rate(HR)control,rhythm conversion,and its overall safety profile to provide evidence-based insights into its clinical use for CJET management.METHODS This systematic review aims to evaluate the outcomes of ivabradine,either as monotherapy or as an adjunctive therapy,in the treatment of CJET.A compre-hensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies investigating the use of ivabradine in CJET.Stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the inclusion of high-quality,peer-reviewed studies.Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.RESULTS Ten studies,comprising 6 case reports,3 case series,and 1 cohort study,met the inclusion criteria.Ivabradine doses ranged from 0.025 to 0.28 mg/kg/dose,administered either as monotherapy or in combination with various antiar-rhythmic medications.Overall,ivabradine demonstrated promising results in achieving HR control,conversion to sinus rhythm,or stabilization of junctional rhythm.No significant adverse effects related to ivabradine were reported.CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that ivabradine may be an effective adjunctive therapy or,in some cases,a potential monotherapy for the management of CJET,particularly in cases refractory to traditional antiarrhythmic medications.However,the current evidence is limited by the small sample sizes and retrospective nature of the included studies.Well-designed prospective studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are warranted to further elucidate the role of ivabradine in CJET management.
文摘Nitrate pollution poses a significant environmental challenge,and photocatalytic nitrate reduction has garnered considerable attention due to its efficiency and environmental advantages.Among these,the development of Schottky junctions shows considerable potential for practical applications.However,the impact of metal nanoparticle size within Schottky junctions on photocatalytic nitrate reduction remains largely unexplored.In this study,we propose a novel method to modulate metal nanoparticle size within Schottky junctions by controlling light intensity during the photodeposition process.Smaller Au nanoparticles were found to enhance electron accumulation at active sites by promoting charge transfer from COF to Au,thereby improving internal electron transport.Additionally,the Schottky barrier effectively suppressed reverse electron transfer while enhancing NO_(3)^(–)adsorption and activation.The Au_(2-)COF exhibited remarkable nitrate reduction performance,achieving an ammonia yield of 382.48μmol g^(–1)h^(–1),5.7 times higher than that of pure COF.This work provides novel theoretical and practical insights into using controlled light intensity to regulate metal nanoparticle size within Schottky junctions,thereby enhancing photocatalytic nitrate reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2293703,T2293700)the Instrumental Analysis Fund of Peking University,China(No.KF-2305-07).
文摘Nanoscale metal-based tunneling junction(MTJ)devices were fabricated using the electromigration method,and their electrical properties were studied after exposure toγ-andβ-radiation.Irradiation caused the set threshold voltage(V_(set))of the MTJ devices to increase,leading to a transition from a low-resistance state(LRS)to a high-resistance state(HRS).This shift in V_(set)was due to atom displacement from high-energy electrons excited byγ-andβ-radiation.Unlike semiconductor devices,MTJ devices showed resilience to permanent damage and could be restored in-situ through multiple I-V(I is the drain current;V is the drain voltage)sweeps with appropriate configurations.This ability to recover suggests that MTJ devices have promising potential under irradiation.The reparability of irradiated MTJ devices is closely related to nothing-on-insulator(NOI)their structure,providing insights for other NOI and metal-based micro-nanoscale devices.
基金Supported by the Medical Science Research Project of Hebei,No.20211323.
文摘BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)has distinct malignant features compared with other esophageal and gastric cancers.Its management is controversial and largely influenced by tumor location and esophageal involve-ment.Hence,understanding the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of AEG is essential for optimizing treatment strategies.AIM To evaluate the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with AEG,providing insights for management strategies.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed cases with AEG admitted between January 2016 and December 2017.Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were categorized into three groups:Type E[tumors whose center was located within 5 cm above the esophagogastric junction(EGJ)];Type Eg(tumors whose center was situated within 2 cm below the EGJ),with a 2-cm esophageal invasion;Type Ge(tumors whose center was situated within 2 cm below the EGJ),with an esophageal in-vasion of<2 cm,based on tumor location and esophageal involvement.Then,clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of the groups were compared to evaluate the predictive value of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Alliance against Cancer 8th edition gastric cancer and eso-phageal adenocarcinoma staging systems.Statistical analysis included survival analysis and Cox regression to assess prognostic factors.RESULTS Totally,153 patients with AEG were included(median follow up:41.1 months;22,31,and 100 patients from type E,Eg,and Ge,respectively),with significant differences in maximum tumor length,esophageal involvement length,tumor type,pathology,differentiation,depth of invasion,and lymph node metastasis between the groups(P<0.05).Lymph node metastasis rates at stations 1,2,3,and 7 were lower in type E than in Eg and Ge(P<0.05).Survival rates for type E(45.5%)were significantly lower than those for Eg(48.4%)and Ge(73.0%)(P=0.001).Type E tumors,vascular infiltration,T3-T4 invasion depth,and lymph node metastasis,were identified as independent prognostic factors(P<0.05).The gastric cancer staging system outperformed the esophageal adenocarcinoma system for type Ge tumors.CONCLUSION Clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses varied between the AEG groups,with type E demonstrating distinct features.The gastric cancer staging system more accurately predicted type Ge AEG prognosis,guiding clinical decision-making.
文摘BACKGROUND The spectrum of gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs)in the upper gastrointestinal system ranges from non-neoplastic to malignant lesions,with gastrointestinal stromal tumors exhibiting inherent malignant potential.However,the diagnosis of SMTs remains challenging,and treatment methods,especially for tumors located at the cardia or esophagogastric junction(EGJ),are not well established.Minimally invasive techniques-such as endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER),and laparoscopic wedge resection(LWR)-have been developed for these lesions.However,comparative data on their feasibility,safety,and clinical outcomes in these locations remain limited.AIM To compare ESD,STER,and LWR for SMTs at the EGJ or cardia,focusing on procedural feasibility.METHODS This single-center retrospective study included patients with SMTs less than 45 mm from the muscularis propria,growing intraluminally at the EGJ or cardia,and treated with ESD,STER,or LWR between July 2014 and September 2022.The primary outcome was relapse-free survival during follow-up.RESULTS The median age(interquartile range)was 53.0(40.0-57.5),43.0(39.0-57.0),and 56.0(43.0-64.0)years for ESD,STER,and LWR,respectively.The median follow-up time(interquartile range)was 60.0(26.5-66.5),24.0(13.0-38.0),and 35.0(21.0-60.0)months.LWR had the largest tumors(30.0 mm)and the highest rate of high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors(68.0%,P<0.001).Tumor recurrence occurred in one LWR patient(4.0%,P=0.600).En bloc and macroscopic resection rates were 100%(P=1.000),but microscopic resection rates differed(P=0.021).Significant minor complications occurred in 5 patients(10.0%),all grade IIIa.Tumor location(cardia/fundus,P=0.006)and prolonged procedure time(P<0.001)were significantly associated with complications.CONCLUSION ESD,STER,and LWR are effective for SMTs at the EGJ and cardia,with minor complications associated with tumor location and procedure time,and comparable recurrence rates.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12202039,52204085,and 52474123)。
文摘This paper theoretically investigates the influence of a cylindrical PN junction on the propagation characteristics of shear cylindrical waves(SCWs)in an infinitely long piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)concentric cylinder structure.This PS concentric cylinder structure is composed of three regions:an inner PS cylinder,an outer PS cylindrical shell,and a cylindrical PN junction at the interface between the two aforementioned regions.First,the basic equations of the PS concentric cylinder structure are derived,taking into account the coupling of the mechanical displacement,electric potential,and charge carrier perturbation in the cylindrical coordinate system.Next,a mathematical model for the SCWs in this PS concentric cylinder structure is established,utilizing the spectral method and considering the physical characteristics of the cylindrical PN junction.Finally,the dispersion and attenuation curves of the SCWs are numerically calculated to discuss the influence of the interface effect resulting from the cylindrical PN junction.It is found that the existence of a cylindrical PN junction can either reduce or enhance the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion,which is closely related to the doping mode,doping concentration,and curvature radius of the cylindrical interface.A reasonable design of the aforementioned parameters can optimize the wave motion in acoustic equipment formed by PS media with different frequencies or wavelengths.The construction and resolution of the mathematical model as well as the analysis of physical mechanisms can offer theoretical guidance for improving the efficiency of energy conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy and optimizing the acoustic performance of energy harvesting devices.
文摘We report the effect of ruthenium dye on negative capacitance of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide/poly(3-hexyl thiophene), nc-TiO2/P3HT, heterojunction solar cells. It has been found that the low frequency capacitance reaches a high positive value and then drop to the negative region. In P3HT/Ru-Dye/nc-TiO2 solar cells, the negative capacitance is observed under very low forward bias condition unlike the negative capacitance in P3HT/ncTiO2 solar cells. That is attributed to the difference of the concentration of dipole and presence of depletion region at interface between the P3HT and nc-TiO2.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0111000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372151,12302200,12172171,12172183,and U24A2005)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20230873)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731671)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2023ZB156)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20230807142004009)the Jiangsu Association for Science&Technology Youth Science&Technology Talents Lifting Projectthe Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education(No.075-15-2023-580)the Shenzhen Longhua Science and Technology Innovation Special Funding(Industrial Sci-Tech Innovation Center of Low-Altitude Intelligent Networking)。
文摘Based on the nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD)model,the coupled behavior between the mechanical and electrical fields in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)PN junctions under two typical loading conditions is investigated.The governing equations for the general shell structure of the PS PN junction are derived within the framework of virtual work principles and charge continuity conditions.The distributions of the electromechanical coupling field are obtained by the Fourier series expansion and the differential quadrature method(DQM),and the nonlinearity is addressed with the iterative method.Several numerical examples are presented to investigate the effects of mechanical loading on the charge carrier transport characteristics.It is found that the barrier height of the heterojunction can be effectively modulated by mechanical loading.Furthermore,a nonlinearity index is introduced to quantify the influence of nonlinearity in the model.It is noted that,when the concentration difference between the two sides is considerable,the nonlinear results differ significantly from the linear results,thereby necessitating the adoption of the NLDD model.
文摘Dyke swarms frequently act as natural barriers,obstructing or deflecting stream courses.Streams tend to flow along the outcrop ridges of dykes,resulting in acute junction angles.Dykes serve as structural controls by influencing the orientation of streams.The relationship between stream junction angles and dyke orientation is a significant factor in stream confluences.Terrain plays a crucial role in directing the river’s flow path and shaping its characteristics.This research paper investigates the impact of dyke orientation on stream junction angles through stream hierarchy analysis.The Rangavali River,a left-bank tributary of the Tapi River,flows for a distance of 45.65 km,crossing 21 East-West(E-W)trending dykes within a 215.95 km2 basin,which forms part of the Deccan Traps.To examine the relationship between dyke orientation and stream junction angles,inputs from Google Earth imagery,LISS III im ages,SOI topographical maps,quadrangle maps,and Cartosat DEM were used to delineate the Rangavali basin and extract dyke features.The Rangavali River basin is a sixth-order drainage system that exhibits a superimposed drainage pattern within the Tapi dyke swarm zone.The prominent linear dyke ridges are predominantly aligned in an East-West direction(average angle N81˚),with a dyke density of 0.51 km/km2.The average junction angle of streams within 100 m upstream and downstream of the dyke ridges is 81˚,compared to an av-erage of 78˚in non-dyke areas.The trend of acute junction angles is attributed to the orientation of the dykes and the distance of streams from the parallel-aligned dyke ridges.This study demonstrates that dyke ridges not only redirect stream flow but also control drainage density and network development.The findings have broader implications for watershed management,flood risk as sessment,infrastructure planning,and groundwater exploration in basaltic terrains and contribute significantly to the understanding of fluvial-structural in teractions in volcanic landscapes.
基金supported by the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(No.2018000052-73-01-001228)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11975263)Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of NUAA(No.xcxjh20231501)。
文摘The negative ion based neutral beam injector(NNBI)with a beam energy of 400 keV is one of the subsystems at the Comprehensive Research fAcility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)in China.The distributed capacitance of the high-voltage components is an important basis for the design of surge suppression devices at CRAFT NNBI.This study conducted calculations of distributed capacitance for the key components,including the high-voltage deck,transmission line and isolation transformer in the power supply system using the finite element method.The relationship between the high-voltage deck(HVD)distributed capacitance and the distance from the wall is discussed.The differences in distributed capacitance and energy storage between noncoaxial and coaxial transmission lines are also debated.Finally,the capacitance between the primary and secondary windings of the-400 kV isolation transformer,as well as between the secondary winding and the oil tank casing,was calculated.
基金Key International Cooperation Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32120103011)Jiangsu Shuang Chuang Tuan Dui program(JSSCTD202147)+1 种基金Jiangsu Shuang Chuang Ren Cai program(JSSCRC2021541)Initiation Funds of Yangzhou University for Distinguished Scientists.
文摘Background The aim of this study was to determine whether and how Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength(Zn-Prot M)can alleviate heat stress(HS)-induced intestinal barrier function damage of broilers.A completely randomized design was used for comparatively testing the effects of Zn proteinate on HS and non-HS broilers.Under high temperature(HT),a 1(Control,HT-CON)+2(Zn source)×2(added Zn level)factorial arrangement of treatments was used.The 2 added Zn sources were Zn-Prot M and Zn sulfate(ZnS),and the 2 added Zn levels were 30 and 60 mg/kg.Under normal temperature(NT),a CON group(NT-CON)and pair-fed group(NT-PF)were included.Results The results showed that HS significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1,occludin,junctional adhesion molecule-A(JAMA),zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and zinc finger protein A20(A20)in the jejunum,and HS also remarkably increased serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-D),endotoxin and interleukin(IL)-1βcontents,serum diamine oxidase(DAO)and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 activities,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 mRNA expression level,and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the jejunum.However,dietary supplementation with Zn,especially organic Zn as Zn-Prot M at 60 mg/kg,significantly decreased serum FITC-D,endotoxin and IL-1βcontents,serum DAO and MMP-2 activities,NF-κB p65 mRNA expression level,and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the jejunum of HS broilers,and notably promoted mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1,ZO-1 and A20.Conclusions Our results suggest that dietary Zn,especially 60 mg Zn/kg as Zn-Prot M,can alleviate HS-induced intestinal barrier function damage by promoting the expression of TJ proteins possibly via induction of A20-mediated suppression of the NF-κB p65/MMP-2 pathway in the jejunum of HS broilers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12164046)。
文摘Quantum interference effect serves as a critical strategy for addressing incorrect energy level alignment between frontier molecular orbitals and electrodes in molecular junctions. Weak-coupling structures offer an effective approach to suppress phonon thermal conductance. The thermoelectric properties of pure C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon devices and C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20) molecular junctions are systematically investigated based on density functional theory(DFT) combined with nonequilibrium Green's function(NEGF) formalism. The results show that pure C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon devices have superior charge transport capabilities and excellent Seebeck coefficients. A remarkable thermoelectric figure of merit(ZT = 0.98)is achieved near 0.09 e V. The pronounced scattering effect induced by embedding a C_(20) molecule in the center of the C_(3)N_(4) nanoribbon significantly suppresses phonon transport. A maximum ZT value of 1.68 is observed at 0.987 e V. The electron mobility of C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-par is effectively increased due to quantum interference effect which greatly improves the alignment between the C_(20) molecule's frontier orbital energy level and C_(3)N_(4) electrodes. The C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-van der Waals(vd W) molecular junction allows very few phonons to pass through the C_(20) molecule from the left electrode to the right electrode. As a result, the C_(3)N_(4)-C_(20)-vd W junction achieves an excellent ZT value of 3.82 near the Femi level.
文摘Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.
