Textile electronics have become an indispensable part of wearable applications because of their large flexibility,light-weight,comfort and electronic functionality upon the merge of textiles and microelectronics.As a ...Textile electronics have become an indispensable part of wearable applications because of their large flexibility,light-weight,comfort and electronic functionality upon the merge of textiles and microelectronics.As a result,the fabrication of functional fibrous materials and the integration of textile electronic devices have attracted increasing interest in the wearable electronic community.Challenges are encountered in the development of textile electronics in a way that is electrically reliable and durable,without compromising on the deformability and comfort of a garment,including processing multiple materials with great mismatches in mechanical,thermal,and electrical properties and assembling various structures with the disparity in dimensional scales and surface roughness.Equal challenges lie in high-quality and cost-effective processes facilitated by high-level digital technology enabled design and manufacturing methods.This work reviews the manufacturing of textile-shaped electronics via the processing of functional fibrous materials from the perspective of hierarchical architectures,and discusses the heterogeneous integration of microelectronics into normal textiles upon the fabric circuit board and adapted electrical connections,broadly covering both conventional and advanced textile electronic production processes.We summarize the applications and obstacles of textile electronics explored so far in sensors,actuators,thermal management,energy fields,and displays.Finally,the main conclusions and outlook are provided while the remaining challenges of the fabrication and application of textile electronics are emphasized.展开更多
Textiles with electronic components offer a portable and personalized approach for health monitoring and therapy.However,there is a lack of reliable strategy to integrate layered circuits and high-density chips on or ...Textiles with electronic components offer a portable and personalized approach for health monitoring and therapy.However,there is a lack of reliable strategy to integrate layered circuits and high-density chips on or inside textiles,which hinders system-level functionality and untethered user experiences.Herein,we propose monolithically integrated textile hybrid electronics(THE)on a textile platform,with multimodal functions and reliable performances.The textile system encompasses flexible electrodes,laser-induced sensors,and surface-mount devices,along with double-layer circuits interconnecting all of them.Vertical conductive paths are rendered by liquid metal composites infiltrated into textiles,which allows resistances less than 0.1?while reserving intact textile structures.The assembled THE exhibits endurance to handwashing and crumpling,as well as bendability.We customize a wireless textile patch for synchronously tracking multiple physiological indicators during exercise.Furthermore,a textile band is elaborated for monitoring and alleviating muscular fatigue,demonstrating potential in closed-loop diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Fibers are low-cost substrates that are abundantly used in our daily lives. This review highlights recent advances in the fabrication and application of multifunctional fibers to achieve fibers with unique functions f...Fibers are low-cost substrates that are abundantly used in our daily lives. This review highlights recent advances in the fabrication and application of multifunctional fibers to achieve fibers with unique functions for specific applications ranging from textile electronics to biomedical applications. By incorporating various nanomaterials such as carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterials, and hydrogel-based biomaterials, the functions of fibers can be precisely engineered. This review also highlights the performance of the functional fibers and electronic materials incorporated with textiles and demonstrates their practical application in pressure/tensile sensors,chemical/biosensors, and drug delivery. Textile technologies in which fibers containing biological factors and cells are formed and assembled into constructions with biomimetic properties have attracted substantial attention in the field of tissue engineering. We also discuss the current limitations of functional textile-based devices and their prospects for use in various future applications.展开更多
An April 2024 report in the journal Science suggests that“smart”or“intelligent”textiles are a step closer to making the leap from the lab to real life[1,2].The study details an innovative fiber that gathers energy...An April 2024 report in the journal Science suggests that“smart”or“intelligent”textiles are a step closer to making the leap from the lab to real life[1,2].The study details an innovative fiber that gathers energy from the environment and uses it to send electrical signals and create light,without the need for batteries or chips.The advance yields textiles that can directly respond to users’touch,opening new avenues for intelligent interaction between people and their environments,in addition to enabling potential medical,industrial,and consumer applications.展开更多
Flexible microelectronic devices have seen an increasing trend toward development of miniaturized,portable,and integrated devices as wearable electronics which have the requirement for being light weight,small in dime...Flexible microelectronic devices have seen an increasing trend toward development of miniaturized,portable,and integrated devices as wearable electronics which have the requirement for being light weight,small in dimension,and suppleness.Traditional three-dimensional(3D)and two-dimensional(2D)electronics gadgets fail to effectively comply with these necessities owing to their stiffness and large weights.Investigations have come up with a new family of one-dimensional(1D)flexible and fiber-based electronic devices(FBEDs)comprising power storage,energy-scavenging,implantable sensing,and flexible displays gadgets.However,development and manufacturing are still a challenge owing to their small radius,flexibility,low weight,weave ability and integration in textile electronics.This paper will provide a detailed review on the importance of substrates in electronic devices,intrinsic property requirements,fabrication classification and applications in energy harvesting,energy storage and other flexible electronic devices.Fiber-and textile-based electronic devices for bulk/scalable fabrications,encapsulation,and testing are reviewed and presented future research ideas to enhance the commercialization of these fiber-based electronics devices.展开更多
Electronic textiles,an emerging class of electronic technology,offer exciting opportunities for seamless integration with the human body.Numerous applications have been developed based on electronic textiles.However,r...Electronic textiles,an emerging class of electronic technology,offer exciting opportunities for seamless integration with the human body.Numerous applications have been developed based on electronic textiles.However,researches on integrating multiple electronic textilebased devices are still few.In this study,we present a system integrated with an electrocardiogram monitoring sensor and an electroluminescence device based on stretchable and washable conductive micro textiles.The signal is acquired by an electrocardiograph amplifier and displayed by a dual-color electroluminescence device based on the processed results.The integrated electronic device has excellent moisture permeability and comfort for long-term wearing.The system reported in this study opens a new avenue for the application of electronic textiles in health monitoring,robotic prosthetics,and competitive sports.展开更多
Flexible,breathable and lightweight electronic textiles hold great promise to change the ways we intact with electronics.Electrical connections among functional components are indispensable for system integrations of ...Flexible,breathable and lightweight electronic textiles hold great promise to change the ways we intact with electronics.Electrical connections among functional components are indispensable for system integrations of electronic textiles.However,it remains challenging to achieve mechanically and electrically robust connections to fully integrate with interwoven architecture and weaving process of textiles.Here,we reported a seamlessly-integrated textile electric circuit by weaving conductive fibers with self-connecting capacity at the interwoven points.Selfconnecting conductive fibers(SCFs)were prepared by coating modified polyurethane conductive composites onto nylon fibers.Electrical connections were achieved at interwoven points in less than 5 s once the weft and warp SCFs were woven together,due to the designed dynamic bonds of aromatic disulfide metathesis and hydrogen bonds in the modified polyurethane(MPU).The self-connecting point was electrically stable(varied by less than 6.7%in electrical resistance)to withstand repeated deformations of bending,pressing and even folding.Such a selfconnecting strategy could be generalized to weave full-textile electronics capable of receiving signals and displaying with enhanced interfacial stability,offering a new way to unify fabrication of electronics and weaving of textiles.展开更多
Wearable therapeutic systems must integrate with the body,operate reliably under strain,and deliver sustained stimuli.Textile-based electronics meet these needs with softness,breathability,and scalability.This review ...Wearable therapeutic systems must integrate with the body,operate reliably under strain,and deliver sustained stimuli.Textile-based electronics meet these needs with softness,breathability,and scalability.This review outlines materials,structural design,functionalization,and system integration for therapeutic e-textiles.We examine electrical,thermal,chemical,optical,and mechanical modalities across clinical uses,highlight energy solutions,and discuss challenges in durability,performance,and manufacturing needed for translation to practical,personalized therapies.展开更多
As the development of smart electronics, self-powered sources have been attracting increasing attention.This review summarizes research progress of photovoltaic fibers and their integrated power sources with multi-sta...As the development of smart electronics, self-powered sources have been attracting increasing attention.This review summarizes research progress of photovoltaic fibers and their integrated power sources with multi-stage energy conversion. Recent development of three dimensional photovoltaic fibers is glanced with special attention to structure design and materials of typical photovoltaic types（inorganic, organic,dye/quantum dot sensitized and perovskite solar cells）. The application of carbon materials in fiber energy is focused as it is a hot topic recently. The hybrid energy systems based on fiber solar cells and fiber supercapacitors, fiber batteries and fiber nanogenerators are summarized together with hybrid energy textiles. This review provides a macroscopic view of novel energy fibers and will attract research interest in flexible/wearable fiber electronics and energy textiles.展开更多
Electronic textiles(e-textiles)have gradually emerged as a burgeoning industry,with the advancement of flexible electronic technology and the growing demand for personalization,convenience,and comfort.As the typical r...Electronic textiles(e-textiles)have gradually emerged as a burgeoning industry,with the advancement of flexible electronic technology and the growing demand for personalization,convenience,and comfort.As the typical representative,sensory interactive e-textiles,integrated with visual,auditory,tactile,and other sensory experiences,have garnered significant attention in the next generation of wearable devices due to their outstanding performance and unique immersive interactive experience.To promote the practical application and better development of sensory interactive e-textiles,this paper reviews the research status of sensory interactive fibers and textiles in recent years,providing a detailed overview of functional fibers capable of achieving sensory interactive functions,categorizes system integration technologies for sensory interactive e-textiles,and summarizes the application scenarios of sensory interactive e-textiles.This review further delineates current design paradigms of e-textiles and proposes a novel design paradigm applicable to sensory interactive e-textiles.Finally,we clarify the challenges facing the future development of sensory interactive e-textiles and suggest vital research directions.展开更多
Textiles,integral to human life for centuries,have recently garnered significant interest for electronic applications.However,traditional fabrication methods for electronic textiles(E-textiles)are typically complex.Th...Textiles,integral to human life for centuries,have recently garnered significant interest for electronic applications.However,traditional fabrication methods for electronic textiles(E-textiles)are typically complex.This research introduces an innovative approach utilizing Direct Ink Writing(DIW)3D printing to develop multifunctional wearable electronic textiles.Specifically,the study addresses the creation of a strain sensor and an interconnect electrode directly printed onto textile substrates.The DIWprinted strain sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity,achieving a gauge factor of 11.07,significant linearity(R^(2)~0.99),and consistent performance under repeated mechanical stress.Additionally,the interconnect electrode was engineered to selectively bridge textile layers through controlled impregnation,resulting in stable resistance values(0.2-0.4Ω)under strain and pressure.These components were effectively incorporated into smart garments,facial masks,and multilayered gloves,enabling precise real-time monitoring of body movements,respiration,and tactile recognition,thus significantly advancing functionality and versatility in wearable electronics.展开更多
Conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics,especially in electronic textiles(e-textiles)used as skin-interfaced sensors and interconnects.Achieving sustainable e-textiles with integrated toughness,waterp...Conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics,especially in electronic textiles(e-textiles)used as skin-interfaced sensors and interconnects.Achieving sustainable e-textiles with integrated toughness,waterproofing,and washability remains challenging.We present waterproof conductive tough fibers(CTFs)fabricated via a scalable,continuous capillary tube-assisted coating(CTAC)process.The multilayered CTFs demonstrate a conductivity of 6.42 kS/cm,Young’s modulus of 6.22 MPa,toughness of 9.40×10^(5)J/m^(3),and 70%strain at break.With lengths exceeding 20 m,a native oxide layer on the eutectic gallium-indium(EGaIn)shell ensures reliable waterproofing with the IPX8 standard.They also maintain consistent performance for 24 days water immersion and repeated washing up to 100 cycles,showing superior resistance retention compared to the EGaIn-absence fibers.As a proof-of-concept,they enable wireless power transfer and reliable monitoring of electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals,establishing a robust platform for sustainable e-textiles.展开更多
曰ectronic textiles(e-textiles),known as a newly-developed innovation combining the textile and electronic technologies,are burgeoning as the next-generation of wearable electronics for lots of promising applications....曰ectronic textiles(e-textiles),known as a newly-developed innovation combining the textile and electronic technologies,are burgeoning as the next-generation of wearable electronics for lots of promising applications.However,a big concern is the durability of the e-textiles during practical using.Here,we describe a facile method tofabricate mechanically and electrically durable e-textiles by chemical deposition of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)on widely used cotton fabric.The interface between AgNPs and fabric was tightly strengthened by the bioinspired polydopamine,and a highly waterproof and anticorrosive surface was further obtained by modifying with a fluorine containing agent of 1H,1H,2H,2/~/-perfuorodecanethiol(PFDT).In addition to the low sheet resistance of 0.26 ohm/sq and high conductivity of 233.4 S/cm,the e-textiles present outstanding stability to different mechanical deformations including ultrasonication,bending and machine washing.Moreover,thanks to the surface roughness of AgNPs and low surface energy of PFDT,a superhydrophobic surface,with a water contact angle of ca.152°,was further obtained,endowing the e-textiles excellent anti-corrosion to water,acid/alkaline solution and various liquids(e.g.,milk,coffee and tea).Finally,the application of this highly conductive e-textiles in wearable thermal therapy is demonstrated.Together with the facile,all-solution-based,and environmentally friendly fabrication protocol,the e-textiles show great potential of large-scale applications in wearable electronics.展开更多
Printable elastic conductors promote the wide application of consumable electronic textiles (e-textiles) for pervasive healthcare monitoring and wearable computation. To assure a clean appearance, the e-textiles requi...Printable elastic conductors promote the wide application of consumable electronic textiles (e-textiles) for pervasive healthcare monitoring and wearable computation. To assure a clean appearance, the e-textiles require a washing process to clean up the dirt after daily use. Thus, it is crucial to develop low-cost printable elastic conductors with strong adhesion to the textiles. Here, we report a composite elastic conductor based on Ag nanowires (NWs) and polyurethane elastomer. The composite could be dispersed into ink and easily printed onto textiles. One-step print could form robust conductive coatings without sealing on the textiles. Interestingly, the regional concentration of Ag NWs within the polyurethane matrix was observed during phase inversion, endowing the elastic conductor with a low percolation threshold of 0.12 vol.% and high conductivity of 3,668 S·cm^−1. Thanks to the high adhesion of the elastic conductors, the resulted e-textiles could withstand repeated stretching, folding, and machine washing (20 times) without obvious performance decay, which reveals its potential application in consumable e-textiles.展开更多
Soft and wearable electronics for monitoring health in hot outdoor environments are highly desirable due to their effective-ness in safeguarding individuals against escalating heat-related illnesses associated with gl...Soft and wearable electronics for monitoring health in hot outdoor environments are highly desirable due to their effective-ness in safeguarding individuals against escalating heat-related illnesses associated with global climate change.However,traditional wearable devices have limitations when exposed to outdoor solar radiation,including reduced electrical perfor-mance,shortened lifespan,and the risk of skin burns.In this work,we introduce a novel approach known as the cooling E-textile(CET),which ensures reliable and accurate tracking of uninterrupted physiological signals in intense external conditions while maintaining the device at a consistently cool temperature.Through a co-designed architecture comprising a spectrally selective passive cooling structure and intricate hierarchical sensing construction,the monolithic integrated CET demonstrates superior sensitivity(6.67×10^(3)kPa^(-1)),remarkable stability,and excellent wearable properties,such as flexibility,lightweightness,and thermal comfort,while achieving maximum temperature reduction of 21°C.In contrast to the limitations faced by existing devices that offer low signal quality during overheating,CET presents accurately stable performance output even in rugged external environments.This work presents an innovative method for effective thermal management in next-generation textile electronics tailored for outdoor applications.展开更多
Smart electronic textiles with electronic functions like displaying can provide transformative opportunities for wearable devices that traditional rigid devices are hard to realize.A general strategy of enabling texti...Smart electronic textiles with electronic functions like displaying can provide transformative opportunities for wearable devices that traditional rigid devices are hard to realize.A general strategy of enabling textiles to display is weaving light-emitting fibers into textiles and designing control circuits.However,it remains challenging for the current electronic textiles to display full-color images and videos.Here,we demonstrate a large-area integrated electronic textile system(with a size of 72 cm×50 cm)by weaving light-emitting diode(LED)fibers,touch-sensing fibers and polyester fibers,which could display full-color images(with a gamut of 117.6%NTSC)and continuous videos(with a refresh rate of 11.7 Hz)by designing low-voltage supply mode and parallelly transmitting circuits.After integration of touch-sensing fibers,such textile system could achieve various touch display and interactive functions like smart phones or computers,including hand input of text,hand painting,computing and playing games.The stability and durability of textile system withstanding 5000 bending cycles was also demonstrated for wearable applications.The integrated electronic textile system shows similar flexibility and breathability with regular textiles,which is promising to serve as new human-machine interface to change the way in which people interact with electronics.展开更多
Augmented-tactility wearable devices have attracted significant attention for their potential to expand the boundaries of human tactile capabilities and their broad applications in medical rehabilitation.Nonetheless,t...Augmented-tactility wearable devices have attracted significant attention for their potential to expand the boundaries of human tactile capabilities and their broad applications in medical rehabilitation.Nonetheless,these devices face challenges in practical applications,including high susceptibility to the operating environments,such as variations in pressure,humidity,and touch speed,as well as concerns regarding wearability and comfort.In this work,we developed an augmented-tactility superskin,termed AtSkin,which integrates a skin-compatible nanofiber sensor array and deep learning algorithms to enhance material recognition regardless of the ambient environment.We fabricated a lightweight and breathable triboelectric sensor array with multilayer nanofiber architectures through electrospinning and hot pressing.The carefully selected combination of sensing layers can capture the electrical characteristics of different materials,thus enabling their distinction.Combined with deep learning algorithms,AtSkin achieved an accuracy of 97.9%in distinguishing visually similar resin and fabric materials,even under varying environmental pressures and humidities.As a proof of concept,we constructed an intelligent augmented-tactility system capable of identifying fabrics with similar textures and hand feel,demonstrating the potential of the superskin to expand human tactile capabilities,enhance augmented reality experiences,and revolutionize intelligent healthcare solutions.展开更多
Rehabilitation devices that integrate pressure sensors can measure vital metrics such as muscle activities and body posture,allowing patients to perform rehabilitation exercises independently without the need for cons...Rehabilitation devices that integrate pressure sensors can measure vital metrics such as muscle activities and body posture,allowing patients to perform rehabilitation exercises independently without the need for constant professional oversight.However,traditional devices are commonly constructed based on thin-film plastics and rely on external power sources that are housed in bulky encapsulation cases,compromising user inconvenience and discomfort when worn for rehabilitation activities.While textile-based sensors with self-powering capabilities offer comfort and mobility without external power sources,their sensitivity and sensing range for pressure changes fall short compared to those counterparts.To address this challenge,we herein introduce a skin-inspired,permeable,structure-gradient fiber mat(SGFM)for triboelectric pressuresensing textiles.Permeable SGFM,created through template-assisted layer-by-layer electrospinning,mimics human skin's rigidity-to-softness mechanical transition.Such a structural design can effectively enhance the dielectric and compressive properties of SGFM,thereby significantly enhancing the sensitivity of the SGFM-based triboelectric pressure sensing textiles over a broad sensing range(0.068 kPa−1 in 0–53 kPa,0.013 kPa−1 in 53–660 kPa).Notably,the electrospun fibrous structure of SGFM provides pressure sensing textiles with promising moisture permeability,ensuring a comfortable wearing experience.As a proof-of-concept demonstration of applications,SGFM was incorporated into a wearable rehabilitation monitoring system to detect quadriceps,pulse,and plantar pressures for posture tracking and correction,displaying substantial potential for enhancing the efficiency of rehabilitation assistance.展开更多
Conventional firefighting clothing and fire masks can protect firemen’s safety to a certain extent,whereas cannot perceive environmental hazards and monitor their physical status in real time.Herein,we fabricated two...Conventional firefighting clothing and fire masks can protect firemen’s safety to a certain extent,whereas cannot perceive environmental hazards and monitor their physical status in real time.Herein,we fabricated two kinds of Janus graphene/poly(pphenylene benzobisoxazole)(PBO)fabrics by laser direct writing approach and evaluated their performance as intelligent firefighting clothes and fire masks.The results showed that the Janus graphene/PBO fabrics were virtually non-combustible and achieved the highest thermal protection time of 18.91 s ever reported in flame,which is due to the intrinsic flame-retardant nature of PBO fibers.The graphene/PBO woven fabrics-based sensor showed good repeatability and stability in human motion monitoring and NO_(2)gas detection.Furthermore,the piezoelectric fire mask was assembled with graphene/PBO nonwoven fabric as electrode layer and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)electrostatic direct writing film as piezoelectric layer.The filtration efficiency of the fire mask reaches 95%for PM_(2.5)and 100%for PM_(3.0),indicating its effective filtration capability for smoke particles in fires.The respiratory resistance of the piezoelectric fire mask(46.8 Pa)was lower than that of commercial masks(49 Pa),showing that it has good wearing comfort.Besides,the piezoelectric fire mask can be sensitive to the speed and intensity of human breathing,which is essential for indirectly reflecting the health of the human body.Consequently,this work provides a facile approach to fabricate next-generation intrinsic flame-retardant smart textiles for smart firefighting.展开更多
Electrical energy generation and storage have always been complementary to each other but are often disconnected in practical electrical appliances.Recently,efforts to combine both energy generation and storage into s...Electrical energy generation and storage have always been complementary to each other but are often disconnected in practical electrical appliances.Recently,efforts to combine both energy generation and storage into self-powered energizers have demonstrated promising power sources for wearable and implantable electronics.In line with these efforts,achieving self-rechargeability in energy storage from ambient energy is envisioned as a tertiary energy storage(3rd-ES)phenomenon.This review examines a few of the possible 3rd-ES capable of harvesting ambient energy(photo-,thermo-,piezo-,tribo-,and bio-electrochemical energizers),focusing also on the devices'sustainability.The self-rechargeability mechanisms of these devices,which function through modifications of the energizers’constituents,are analyzed,and designs for wearable electronics are also reviewed.The challenges for self-rechargeable energizers and avenues for further electrochemical performance enhancement are discussed.This article serves as a one-stop source of information on self-rechargeable energizers,which are anticipated to drive the revolution in 3rd-ES technologies.展开更多
基金funding support from Research Grants Council, Hong Kong (Nos. 15201922E, 15203421E, 15202020E, 15201419E)Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) of Hong Kong SAR Government (No. ITP/031/21TP)+2 种基金postgraduate scholarships from the same sourcessupported by the Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship from Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitysupported by ITC’s Postdoctoral Fellowship
文摘Textile electronics have become an indispensable part of wearable applications because of their large flexibility,light-weight,comfort and electronic functionality upon the merge of textiles and microelectronics.As a result,the fabrication of functional fibrous materials and the integration of textile electronic devices have attracted increasing interest in the wearable electronic community.Challenges are encountered in the development of textile electronics in a way that is electrically reliable and durable,without compromising on the deformability and comfort of a garment,including processing multiple materials with great mismatches in mechanical,thermal,and electrical properties and assembling various structures with the disparity in dimensional scales and surface roughness.Equal challenges lie in high-quality and cost-effective processes facilitated by high-level digital technology enabled design and manufacturing methods.This work reviews the manufacturing of textile-shaped electronics via the processing of functional fibrous materials from the perspective of hierarchical architectures,and discusses the heterogeneous integration of microelectronics into normal textiles upon the fabric circuit board and adapted electrical connections,broadly covering both conventional and advanced textile electronic production processes.We summarize the applications and obstacles of textile electronics explored so far in sensors,actuators,thermal management,energy fields,and displays.Finally,the main conclusions and outlook are provided while the remaining challenges of the fabrication and application of textile electronics are emphasized.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52475610 and 52105593)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LDQ24E050001)+2 种基金the‘Pioneer’and‘Leading Goose’R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2023C01051)the Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project in Zhejiang(Grant No.2022R01001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.226-2024-00085)。
文摘Textiles with electronic components offer a portable and personalized approach for health monitoring and therapy.However,there is a lack of reliable strategy to integrate layered circuits and high-density chips on or inside textiles,which hinders system-level functionality and untethered user experiences.Herein,we propose monolithically integrated textile hybrid electronics(THE)on a textile platform,with multimodal functions and reliable performances.The textile system encompasses flexible electrodes,laser-induced sensors,and surface-mount devices,along with double-layer circuits interconnecting all of them.Vertical conductive paths are rendered by liquid metal composites infiltrated into textiles,which allows resistances less than 0.1?while reserving intact textile structures.The assembled THE exhibits endurance to handwashing and crumpling,as well as bendability.We customize a wireless textile patch for synchronously tracking multiple physiological indicators during exercise.Furthermore,a textile band is elaborated for monitoring and alleviating muscular fatigue,demonstrating potential in closed-loop diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by the Priority Research Centers Program(No.2012-0006689)through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(MEST)the R&D program of MOTIE/KEIT[10064081,Devclopment of fiber-based flexible multimodal pressure sensor and algorithm for gesture/posture-recognizable wearable devices]+3 种基金partial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(No.NRF-2017K2A9A2A06013377,NRF-2017M3A7B4049466)the Yonsei University Future-leading Research Initiative and Implantable artificial electronic skin for an ubiquitous healthcare system of 2016-12-0050supported by KIST Project(Nos.2E26900,2E27630)supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2016R1A6A3A03006491)
文摘Fibers are low-cost substrates that are abundantly used in our daily lives. This review highlights recent advances in the fabrication and application of multifunctional fibers to achieve fibers with unique functions for specific applications ranging from textile electronics to biomedical applications. By incorporating various nanomaterials such as carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterials, and hydrogel-based biomaterials, the functions of fibers can be precisely engineered. This review also highlights the performance of the functional fibers and electronic materials incorporated with textiles and demonstrates their practical application in pressure/tensile sensors,chemical/biosensors, and drug delivery. Textile technologies in which fibers containing biological factors and cells are formed and assembled into constructions with biomimetic properties have attracted substantial attention in the field of tissue engineering. We also discuss the current limitations of functional textile-based devices and their prospects for use in various future applications.
文摘An April 2024 report in the journal Science suggests that“smart”or“intelligent”textiles are a step closer to making the leap from the lab to real life[1,2].The study details an innovative fiber that gathers energy from the environment and uses it to send electrical signals and create light,without the need for batteries or chips.The advance yields textiles that can directly respond to users’touch,opening new avenues for intelligent interaction between people and their environments,in addition to enabling potential medical,industrial,and consumer applications.
基金National Funds through FCT–Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the projects PTDC/CTM-CTM/1571/2020(All-Fi BRE),LA/P/0037/2020,UIDP/50025/2020 and UIDB/50025/2020(CENIMAT/I3N)by ERC-Co G-2014,CapTherPV,647596。
文摘Flexible microelectronic devices have seen an increasing trend toward development of miniaturized,portable,and integrated devices as wearable electronics which have the requirement for being light weight,small in dimension,and suppleness.Traditional three-dimensional(3D)and two-dimensional(2D)electronics gadgets fail to effectively comply with these necessities owing to their stiffness and large weights.Investigations have come up with a new family of one-dimensional(1D)flexible and fiber-based electronic devices(FBEDs)comprising power storage,energy-scavenging,implantable sensing,and flexible displays gadgets.However,development and manufacturing are still a challenge owing to their small radius,flexibility,low weight,weave ability and integration in textile electronics.This paper will provide a detailed review on the importance of substrates in electronic devices,intrinsic property requirements,fabrication classification and applications in energy harvesting,energy storage and other flexible electronic devices.Fiber-and textile-based electronic devices for bulk/scalable fabrications,encapsulation,and testing are reviewed and presented future research ideas to enhance the commercialization of these fiber-based electronics devices.
基金financially supported by the program of National Key Laboratory of Application Specific Integrated Circuitthe National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.52205593)。
文摘Electronic textiles,an emerging class of electronic technology,offer exciting opportunities for seamless integration with the human body.Numerous applications have been developed based on electronic textiles.However,researches on integrating multiple electronic textilebased devices are still few.In this study,we present a system integrated with an electrocardiogram monitoring sensor and an electroluminescence device based on stretchable and washable conductive micro textiles.The signal is acquired by an electrocardiograph amplifier and displayed by a dual-color electroluminescence device based on the processed results.The integrated electronic device has excellent moisture permeability and comfort for long-term wearing.The system reported in this study opens a new avenue for the application of electronic textiles in health monitoring,robotic prosthetics,and competitive sports.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175042,52122310,22075050 and 22105045)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.20JC1414902,21511104900 and 19QA1400800)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2017-01-07-00-07-E00062)。
文摘Flexible,breathable and lightweight electronic textiles hold great promise to change the ways we intact with electronics.Electrical connections among functional components are indispensable for system integrations of electronic textiles.However,it remains challenging to achieve mechanically and electrically robust connections to fully integrate with interwoven architecture and weaving process of textiles.Here,we reported a seamlessly-integrated textile electric circuit by weaving conductive fibers with self-connecting capacity at the interwoven points.Selfconnecting conductive fibers(SCFs)were prepared by coating modified polyurethane conductive composites onto nylon fibers.Electrical connections were achieved at interwoven points in less than 5 s once the weft and warp SCFs were woven together,due to the designed dynamic bonds of aromatic disulfide metathesis and hydrogen bonds in the modified polyurethane(MPU).The self-connecting point was electrically stable(varied by less than 6.7%in electrical resistance)to withstand repeated deformations of bending,pressing and even folding.Such a selfconnecting strategy could be generalized to weave full-textile electronics capable of receiving signals and displaying with enhanced interfacial stability,offering a new way to unify fabrication of electronics and weaving of textiles.
基金support by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP,Ministry ofScience,ICT&Future Planning,Grant Nos.RS-2020-II201821,RS-2024-00411904,and RS-2025-02303342)supported by the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00427006)funded by Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology+2 种基金the Alchemist Project Program(RS-2024-00422269)supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)(RS-2024-00418086,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).
文摘Wearable therapeutic systems must integrate with the body,operate reliably under strain,and deliver sustained stimuli.Textile-based electronics meet these needs with softness,breathability,and scalability.This review outlines materials,structural design,functionalization,and system integration for therapeutic e-textiles.We examine electrical,thermal,chemical,optical,and mechanical modalities across clinical uses,highlight energy solutions,and discuss challenges in durability,performance,and manufacturing needed for translation to practical,personalized therapies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51573004, No. 51773003, No. 51711540302)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City (No. Z16002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 531107051056)
文摘As the development of smart electronics, self-powered sources have been attracting increasing attention.This review summarizes research progress of photovoltaic fibers and their integrated power sources with multi-stage energy conversion. Recent development of three dimensional photovoltaic fibers is glanced with special attention to structure design and materials of typical photovoltaic types（inorganic, organic,dye/quantum dot sensitized and perovskite solar cells）. The application of carbon materials in fiber energy is focused as it is a hot topic recently. The hybrid energy systems based on fiber solar cells and fiber supercapacitors, fiber batteries and fiber nanogenerators are summarized together with hybrid energy textiles. This review provides a macroscopic view of novel energy fibers and will attract research interest in flexible/wearable fiber electronics and energy textiles.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222310)the International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21130750100).
文摘Electronic textiles(e-textiles)have gradually emerged as a burgeoning industry,with the advancement of flexible electronic technology and the growing demand for personalization,convenience,and comfort.As the typical representative,sensory interactive e-textiles,integrated with visual,auditory,tactile,and other sensory experiences,have garnered significant attention in the next generation of wearable devices due to their outstanding performance and unique immersive interactive experience.To promote the practical application and better development of sensory interactive e-textiles,this paper reviews the research status of sensory interactive fibers and textiles in recent years,providing a detailed overview of functional fibers capable of achieving sensory interactive functions,categorizes system integration technologies for sensory interactive e-textiles,and summarizes the application scenarios of sensory interactive e-textiles.This review further delineates current design paradigms of e-textiles and proposes a novel design paradigm applicable to sensory interactive e-textiles.Finally,we clarify the challenges facing the future development of sensory interactive e-textiles and suggest vital research directions.
基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,RS-2023-00258591)National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2019-NR040066)National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00407084).
文摘Textiles,integral to human life for centuries,have recently garnered significant interest for electronic applications.However,traditional fabrication methods for electronic textiles(E-textiles)are typically complex.This research introduces an innovative approach utilizing Direct Ink Writing(DIW)3D printing to develop multifunctional wearable electronic textiles.Specifically,the study addresses the creation of a strain sensor and an interconnect electrode directly printed onto textile substrates.The DIWprinted strain sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity,achieving a gauge factor of 11.07,significant linearity(R^(2)~0.99),and consistent performance under repeated mechanical stress.Additionally,the interconnect electrode was engineered to selectively bridge textile layers through controlled impregnation,resulting in stable resistance values(0.2-0.4Ω)under strain and pressure.These components were effectively incorporated into smart garments,facial masks,and multilayered gloves,enabling precise real-time monitoring of body movements,respiration,and tactile recognition,thus significantly advancing functionality and versatility in wearable electronics.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(Grant No.IITP-2023-2020-0-01461,RS-2023-00213089,RS-2024-00403639,RS-2024-00403163)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)(Grant No.P0017805,RS-2022-00154781)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Grant No.RS-2023-00220077).
文摘Conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics,especially in electronic textiles(e-textiles)used as skin-interfaced sensors and interconnects.Achieving sustainable e-textiles with integrated toughness,waterproofing,and washability remains challenging.We present waterproof conductive tough fibers(CTFs)fabricated via a scalable,continuous capillary tube-assisted coating(CTAC)process.The multilayered CTFs demonstrate a conductivity of 6.42 kS/cm,Young’s modulus of 6.22 MPa,toughness of 9.40×10^(5)J/m^(3),and 70%strain at break.With lengths exceeding 20 m,a native oxide layer on the eutectic gallium-indium(EGaIn)shell ensures reliable waterproofing with the IPX8 standard.They also maintain consistent performance for 24 days water immersion and repeated washing up to 100 cycles,showing superior resistance retention compared to the EGaIn-absence fibers.As a proof-of-concept,they enable wireless power transfer and reliable monitoring of electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals,establishing a robust platform for sustainable e-textiles.
基金the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong with the Project of PolyU 252024716(E).
文摘曰ectronic textiles(e-textiles),known as a newly-developed innovation combining the textile and electronic technologies,are burgeoning as the next-generation of wearable electronics for lots of promising applications.However,a big concern is the durability of the e-textiles during practical using.Here,we describe a facile method tofabricate mechanically and electrically durable e-textiles by chemical deposition of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)on widely used cotton fabric.The interface between AgNPs and fabric was tightly strengthened by the bioinspired polydopamine,and a highly waterproof and anticorrosive surface was further obtained by modifying with a fluorine containing agent of 1H,1H,2H,2/~/-perfuorodecanethiol(PFDT).In addition to the low sheet resistance of 0.26 ohm/sq and high conductivity of 233.4 S/cm,the e-textiles present outstanding stability to different mechanical deformations including ultrasonication,bending and machine washing.Moreover,thanks to the surface roughness of AgNPs and low surface energy of PFDT,a superhydrophobic surface,with a water contact angle of ca.152°,was further obtained,endowing the e-textiles excellent anti-corrosion to water,acid/alkaline solution and various liquids(e.g.,milk,coffee and tea).Finally,the application of this highly conductive e-textiles in wearable thermal therapy is demonstrated.Together with the facile,all-solution-based,and environmentally friendly fabrication protocol,the e-textiles show great potential of large-scale applications in wearable electronics.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51732011,21431006,21761132008,81788101,and 11227901)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21521001),Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH036),the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB931800)the Users with Excellence and Scientific Research Grant of Hefei Science Center of CAS(No.2015HSC-UE007).This work was partially carried out at the Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication,University of Science and Technology of China.
文摘Printable elastic conductors promote the wide application of consumable electronic textiles (e-textiles) for pervasive healthcare monitoring and wearable computation. To assure a clean appearance, the e-textiles require a washing process to clean up the dirt after daily use. Thus, it is crucial to develop low-cost printable elastic conductors with strong adhesion to the textiles. Here, we report a composite elastic conductor based on Ag nanowires (NWs) and polyurethane elastomer. The composite could be dispersed into ink and easily printed onto textiles. One-step print could form robust conductive coatings without sealing on the textiles. Interestingly, the regional concentration of Ag NWs within the polyurethane matrix was observed during phase inversion, endowing the elastic conductor with a low percolation threshold of 0.12 vol.% and high conductivity of 3,668 S·cm^−1. Thanks to the high adhesion of the elastic conductors, the resulted e-textiles could withstand repeated stretching, folding, and machine washing (20 times) without obvious performance decay, which reveals its potential application in consumable e-textiles.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.62171094,62175026,62175082)Project of the Sichuan provincial science and technology(Grant No.24NSFSC5775,24NSFSC1465)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3805800,2023YFB3611400)Multidisciplinary Research Support Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Grant No.2023JCYJ039)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20230024080001).
文摘Soft and wearable electronics for monitoring health in hot outdoor environments are highly desirable due to their effective-ness in safeguarding individuals against escalating heat-related illnesses associated with global climate change.However,traditional wearable devices have limitations when exposed to outdoor solar radiation,including reduced electrical perfor-mance,shortened lifespan,and the risk of skin burns.In this work,we introduce a novel approach known as the cooling E-textile(CET),which ensures reliable and accurate tracking of uninterrupted physiological signals in intense external conditions while maintaining the device at a consistently cool temperature.Through a co-designed architecture comprising a spectrally selective passive cooling structure and intricate hierarchical sensing construction,the monolithic integrated CET demonstrates superior sensitivity(6.67×10^(3)kPa^(-1)),remarkable stability,and excellent wearable properties,such as flexibility,lightweightness,and thermal comfort,while achieving maximum temperature reduction of 21°C.In contrast to the limitations faced by existing devices that offer low signal quality during overheating,CET presents accurately stable performance output even in rugged external environments.This work presents an innovative method for effective thermal management in next-generation textile electronics tailored for outdoor applications.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(MOST)(2022YFA1203001,2022YFA1203002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(T2321003,22335003,T2222005,22175042)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM)(21511104900)。
文摘Smart electronic textiles with electronic functions like displaying can provide transformative opportunities for wearable devices that traditional rigid devices are hard to realize.A general strategy of enabling textiles to display is weaving light-emitting fibers into textiles and designing control circuits.However,it remains challenging for the current electronic textiles to display full-color images and videos.Here,we demonstrate a large-area integrated electronic textile system(with a size of 72 cm×50 cm)by weaving light-emitting diode(LED)fibers,touch-sensing fibers and polyester fibers,which could display full-color images(with a gamut of 117.6%NTSC)and continuous videos(with a refresh rate of 11.7 Hz)by designing low-voltage supply mode and parallelly transmitting circuits.After integration of touch-sensing fibers,such textile system could achieve various touch display and interactive functions like smart phones or computers,including hand input of text,hand painting,computing and playing games.The stability and durability of textile system withstanding 5000 bending cycles was also demonstrated for wearable applications.The integrated electronic textile system shows similar flexibility and breathability with regular textiles,which is promising to serve as new human-machine interface to change the way in which people interact with electronics.
基金funding has been received from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology with Grant no.Z221100002722015National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grant no.52125201+1 种基金RGC Senior Research Fellowship Scheme with Grant no.SRFS2122-5S04PolyU RI-IWEAR with Grant no.1-CD44.
文摘Augmented-tactility wearable devices have attracted significant attention for their potential to expand the boundaries of human tactile capabilities and their broad applications in medical rehabilitation.Nonetheless,these devices face challenges in practical applications,including high susceptibility to the operating environments,such as variations in pressure,humidity,and touch speed,as well as concerns regarding wearability and comfort.In this work,we developed an augmented-tactility superskin,termed AtSkin,which integrates a skin-compatible nanofiber sensor array and deep learning algorithms to enhance material recognition regardless of the ambient environment.We fabricated a lightweight and breathable triboelectric sensor array with multilayer nanofiber architectures through electrospinning and hot pressing.The carefully selected combination of sensing layers can capture the electrical characteristics of different materials,thus enabling their distinction.Combined with deep learning algorithms,AtSkin achieved an accuracy of 97.9%in distinguishing visually similar resin and fabric materials,even under varying environmental pressures and humidities.As a proof of concept,we constructed an intelligent augmented-tactility system capable of identifying fabrics with similar textures and hand feel,demonstrating the potential of the superskin to expand human tactile capabilities,enhance augmented reality experiences,and revolutionize intelligent healthcare solutions.
基金supported by the General Research Fund of Hong Kong(15212021)NSFC's Young Scientists Fund(52203318)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(SGDX20210823103403033)the PolyU Presidential PhD Fellowship Scheme.
文摘Rehabilitation devices that integrate pressure sensors can measure vital metrics such as muscle activities and body posture,allowing patients to perform rehabilitation exercises independently without the need for constant professional oversight.However,traditional devices are commonly constructed based on thin-film plastics and rely on external power sources that are housed in bulky encapsulation cases,compromising user inconvenience and discomfort when worn for rehabilitation activities.While textile-based sensors with self-powering capabilities offer comfort and mobility without external power sources,their sensitivity and sensing range for pressure changes fall short compared to those counterparts.To address this challenge,we herein introduce a skin-inspired,permeable,structure-gradient fiber mat(SGFM)for triboelectric pressuresensing textiles.Permeable SGFM,created through template-assisted layer-by-layer electrospinning,mimics human skin's rigidity-to-softness mechanical transition.Such a structural design can effectively enhance the dielectric and compressive properties of SGFM,thereby significantly enhancing the sensitivity of the SGFM-based triboelectric pressure sensing textiles over a broad sensing range(0.068 kPa−1 in 0–53 kPa,0.013 kPa−1 in 53–660 kPa).Notably,the electrospun fibrous structure of SGFM provides pressure sensing textiles with promising moisture permeability,ensuring a comfortable wearing experience.As a proof-of-concept demonstration of applications,SGFM was incorporated into a wearable rehabilitation monitoring system to detect quadriceps,pulse,and plantar pressures for posture tracking and correction,displaying substantial potential for enhancing the efficiency of rehabilitation assistance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073224 and 52202111)the Textile Vision Basic Research Program of China(No.J202110)+4 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Xianyang Science and Technology Bureau,China(No.2021ZDYF-GY-0035)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2022SF-470)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2022GY-377)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2021JQ-685)the Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,China(No.22JC035).
文摘Conventional firefighting clothing and fire masks can protect firemen’s safety to a certain extent,whereas cannot perceive environmental hazards and monitor their physical status in real time.Herein,we fabricated two kinds of Janus graphene/poly(pphenylene benzobisoxazole)(PBO)fabrics by laser direct writing approach and evaluated their performance as intelligent firefighting clothes and fire masks.The results showed that the Janus graphene/PBO fabrics were virtually non-combustible and achieved the highest thermal protection time of 18.91 s ever reported in flame,which is due to the intrinsic flame-retardant nature of PBO fibers.The graphene/PBO woven fabrics-based sensor showed good repeatability and stability in human motion monitoring and NO_(2)gas detection.Furthermore,the piezoelectric fire mask was assembled with graphene/PBO nonwoven fabric as electrode layer and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)electrostatic direct writing film as piezoelectric layer.The filtration efficiency of the fire mask reaches 95%for PM_(2.5)and 100%for PM_(3.0),indicating its effective filtration capability for smoke particles in fires.The respiratory resistance of the piezoelectric fire mask(46.8 Pa)was lower than that of commercial masks(49 Pa),showing that it has good wearing comfort.Besides,the piezoelectric fire mask can be sensitive to the speed and intensity of human breathing,which is essential for indirectly reflecting the health of the human body.Consequently,this work provides a facile approach to fabricate next-generation intrinsic flame-retardant smart textiles for smart firefighting.
基金The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Higher Education,Government of Malaysia,for providing financial support under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(No.)FRGS/1/2019/STG07/UMP/01/1(University reference RDU1901165).JK Ling acknowledges additional funding from the Postgraduate Research Scheme(PGRS)by the Universiti Malaysia Pahang through UMP.05.02/26.10/03/03/PGRS2003123.
文摘Electrical energy generation and storage have always been complementary to each other but are often disconnected in practical electrical appliances.Recently,efforts to combine both energy generation and storage into self-powered energizers have demonstrated promising power sources for wearable and implantable electronics.In line with these efforts,achieving self-rechargeability in energy storage from ambient energy is envisioned as a tertiary energy storage(3rd-ES)phenomenon.This review examines a few of the possible 3rd-ES capable of harvesting ambient energy(photo-,thermo-,piezo-,tribo-,and bio-electrochemical energizers),focusing also on the devices'sustainability.The self-rechargeability mechanisms of these devices,which function through modifications of the energizers’constituents,are analyzed,and designs for wearable electronics are also reviewed.The challenges for self-rechargeable energizers and avenues for further electrochemical performance enhancement are discussed.This article serves as a one-stop source of information on self-rechargeable energizers,which are anticipated to drive the revolution in 3rd-ES technologies.
