In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh enviro...In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh environment leads to significant variations in the shape and size of the defects.To address this challenge,we propose the multivariate time series segmentation network(MSSN),which adopts a multiscale convolutional network with multi-stage and depth-separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction through variable-length templates.To tackle the classification difficulty caused by structural signal variance,MSSN employs logarithmic normalization to adjust instance distributions.Furthermore,it integrates classification with smoothing loss functions to accurately identify defect segments amid similar structural and defect signal subsequences.Our algorithm evaluated on both the Mackey-Glass dataset and industrial dataset achieves over 95%localization and demonstrates the capture capability on the synthetic dataset.In a nuclear plant's heat transfer tube dataset,it captures 90%of defect instances with75%middle localization F1 score.展开更多
In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for peo...In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for people’s production and life,require high attention from industry insiders in terms of their energy efficiency testing.Relying on energy efficiency testing can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction,and related quality control technologies will also inject new momentum into the green development of the industry.This article will discuss the practical strategies of quality control technology for energy efficiency testing of electronic and electrical products based on the significance of such testing,hoping to provide some help.展开更多
The rapid progress in the construction of heavy-haul and high-speed railways has led to a surge in rail defects and unforeseen failures.Addressing this issue necessitates the implementation of more sophisticated rail ...The rapid progress in the construction of heavy-haul and high-speed railways has led to a surge in rail defects and unforeseen failures.Addressing this issue necessitates the implementation of more sophisticated rail inspection methods,specifically involving real-time,precise detection,and assessment of rail defects.Current applications fail to address the evolving requirements,prompting the need for advancements.This paper provides a summary of various types of rail defects and outlines both traditional and innovative non-destructive inspection techniques,examining their fundamental features,benefits,drawbacks,and practical suitability for railway track inspection.It also explores potential enhancements to equipment and software.The comprehensive review draws upon pertinent international research and review papers.Furthermore,the paper introduces a fusion of inspection methods aimed at enhancing the overall reliability of defect detection.展开更多
Traditional spectrophotometers have a large volume and slow scanning speed,which limits their applicability for rapid on-site detection.Herein,a micro-spectrophotometer(named ATOM)is fabricated,and its performance is ...Traditional spectrophotometers have a large volume and slow scanning speed,which limits their applicability for rapid on-site detection.Herein,a micro-spectrophotometer(named ATOM)is fabricated,and its performance is verified in water quality testing.An M-type Czerny-Turner light path structure,a broadband light emitting diode(LED)light source,and a linear charge-coupled device(CCD)photodetector were adopted in ATOM.The performance of ATOM was validated through iron content determination by using o-phenanthroline spectrophotometry.The experiment results showed that the linear correlation coefficient of determination R^(2) was 0.9997 for mass concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.0μg/mL.The relative standard deviation was 0.37%,and the relative error compared to a commercial large-scale spectrophotometer was below 1.4%.The dimensions of ATOM are 75 mm×60 mm×25 mm,with hardware costs of approximately 1000 CNY.ATOM features compact size,low cost,rapid measurement,high integration and high precision,making it suitable for portable on-site rapid detection.展开更多
This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation...This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation systems.The research methods include the construction of a theoretical model of safety for intelligent connected vehicles based on the concept of virtual twins,the correlation study between key concepts and functional safety,and the application research of virtual twin technology in the safety testing of intelligent connected vehicles.The results reveal that the virtual twin testing framework can effectively enhance the functional safety of intelligent connected vehicles,reduce development costs,and shorten the product launch cycle.The conclusion suggests that this framework provides strong support for the healthy development of the intelligent connected vehicle industry and has a positive impact on the safety and efficiency of intelligent transportation systems.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT...Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT has been less common in the recent past due to a lack of portable medical devices capable of facilitating effective medical testing.However,recent growth has occurred in this field due to advances in diagnostic technologies,device miniaturization,and progress in wearable electronics.Among these developments,electrochemical sensors have attracted interest in the POCT field due to their high sensitivity,compact size,and affordability.They are used in various applications,from disease diagnosis to health status monitoring.In this paper we explore recent advancements in electrochemical sensors,the methods of fabricating them,and the various types of sensing mechanisms that can be used.Furthermore,we delve into methods for immobilizing specific biorecognition elements,including enzymes,antibodies,and aptamers,onto electrode surfaces and how these sensors are used in real-world POCT settings.展开更多
The trend towards automation and intelligence in aircraft final assembly testing has led to a new demand for autonomous perception of unknown cockpit operation scenes in robotic collaborative airborne system testing.T...The trend towards automation and intelligence in aircraft final assembly testing has led to a new demand for autonomous perception of unknown cockpit operation scenes in robotic collaborative airborne system testing.To address this demand,a robotic automated 3D reconstruction cell which enables to autonomously plan the robot end-camera’s trajectory is developed for image acquisition and 3D modeling of the cockpit operation scene.A continuous viewpoint path planning algorithm is proposed that incorporates both 3D reconstruction quality and robot path quality into optimization process.Smoothness metrics for viewpoint position paths and orientation paths are introduced together for the first time in 3D reconstruction.To ensure safe and effective movement,two spatial constraints,Domain of View Admissible Position(DVAP)and Domain of View Admissible Orientation(DVAO),are implemented to account for robot reachability and collision avoidance.By using diffeomorphism mapping,the orientation path is transformed into 3D,consistent with the position path.Both orientation and position paths can be optimized in a unified framework to maximize the gain of reconstruction quality and path smoothness within DVAP and DVAO.The reconstruction cell is capable of automatic data acquisition and fine scene modeling,using the generated robot C-space trajectory.Simulation and physical scene experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method to achieve highprecision 3D reconstruction while optimizing robot motion quality.展开更多
Despite the success of guided wave ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in steel pipes,its application on polyethylene(PE)pipe remains relatively unexplored.The growth of internal cracks in PE pipe seve...Despite the success of guided wave ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in steel pipes,its application on polyethylene(PE)pipe remains relatively unexplored.The growth of internal cracks in PE pipe severely affects its pressure-holding capacity,hence the early detection of internal cracks is crucial for effective pipeline maintenance strategies.This study extends the scope of guided wave-based ultrasonic testing to detect the growth of internal cracks in a natural gas distribution PE pipe.Laboratory experiments and a finite element model were planned to study the wave-crack interaction at different stages of axially oriented internal crack growth with a piezoceramic transducer-based setup arranged in a pitch-catch configuration.Mode dispersion analysis supplemented with preliminary experiments was performed to isolate the optimal inspection frequency,leading to the selection of the T(0,1)mode at 50-kHz for the investigation.A transmission index based on the energy of the T(0,1)mode was developed to trace the extent of simulated crack growth.The findings revealed an inverse linear correlation between the transmission index and the crack depth for crack growth beyond 20%crack depth.展开更多
Gravity-1 was the world's first carrier rocket to adopt the sea-based “three vertical” testing launch mode. This article introduces the overall layout of the launch site and the workflow of rocket testing and la...Gravity-1 was the world's first carrier rocket to adopt the sea-based “three vertical” testing launch mode. This article introduces the overall layout of the launch site and the workflow of rocket testing and launch for its maiden flight mission. The process of vertical assembly, vertical testing, vertical transportation, and sea-based hot launches are explained. Additionally, it provides an outlook on the improved “three vertical” testing and launch mode for future missions, such as land-based launches, rapid launches, and remote sea launches.展开更多
Objective:This study aims to analyze how changes in pathological diagnosis practice and molecular detection technology have affected clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer(CRC)patients in Fudan University Shanghai Ca...Objective:This study aims to analyze how changes in pathological diagnosis practice and molecular detection technology have affected clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer(CRC)patients in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(FUSCC).Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed 21,141 pathologically confirmed CRC cases diagnosed at FUSCC from 2008 to 2020.Patients were divided into five groups for different analytical purposes:(1)the before vs.since 2014 groups to analyze the influence of the changes in the classification criteria of pT3 and pT4 staging on the survival of patients;(2)the partial vs.total mesorectal excision(TME)groups to analyze whether evaluation of completeness of the mesorectum have impact on the survival of patients;(3)the tumor deposit(TD)(+)N0 vs.TD(+)N1c groups to analyze the influence of the changes in the pN staging on the survival of patients with positive TD and negative regional lymph node metastasis(LNM);(4)the before vs.since 2013 groups to analyze the influence of the changes in the testing process of deficient mismatch repair on the survival of patients;and(5)the groups with vs.without RAS/BRAF gene mutation testing to analyze the influence of these testing on the survival of patients.Patients’clinicopathological parameters,including age at diagnosis,sex,tumor size,location,differentiation,mucinous subtype,TD,lymphovascular invasion,perineural invasion,tumor depth,LNM and distant metastasis,and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage,were compared between groups.Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank method was performed for patients’overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)analyses.Results:In pathological reports,there were three parameter changes that impacted patient outcomes.Firstly,changes in the pT staging criteria led to a shift of the ratio of patients with stage pT3 to stage pT4 from 1:110.9 to 1:0.26.In comparison to patients admitted before 2014(n=4,754),a significant difference in prognosis between pT3 and pT4 stages was observed since 2014(n=9,965).Secondly,we began to evaluate the completeness of the mesorectum since 2016.As a result,91.0%of patients with low rectal cancer underwent TME(n=4,111)surgery,and patients with TME had significantly better OS compared with partial mesorectal excision(PME,n=409).Thirdly,we began to stage TD(+)LNM(-)as N1c since 2017.The results showed that N1c(n=127)but not N0(n=39)can improve the prognosis of patients without LNM and distal metastasis.In molecular testing,there have been three and five iterations of updates regarding mismatch repair(MMR)/microsatellite instability(MSI)status and RAS/BRAF gene mutation detection,respectively.The standardization of MMR status testing has sharply decreased the proportion of deficient MMR(dMMR)patients(from 32.5%to 7.4%)since 2013.The prognosis of patients underwent MMR status testing since 2013(n=867)were significantly better than patients before 2013(n=1,313).In addition,detection of RAS/BRAF gene mutation status(n=5,041)resulted in better DFS but not OS,for patients with stage I-III disease(n=16,557).Conclusion:Over the past few decades,updates in elements in pathological reports,as well as the development of standardized tests for MMR/MSI status and RAS/BRAF gene mutations have significantly improved patient outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia,gastritis,and peptic ulcer,which are common diseases in ...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia,gastritis,and peptic ulcer,which are common diseases in military personnel.Current guidelines in China state all patients with evidence of active infection with H.pylori are offered treatment.However,the prevalence of H.pylori infection and its regional distribution in the military population remain unclear,which hinders effective prevention and treatment strategies.Understanding the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the military population will aid in the development of customized strategies to better manage this infectious disease.AIM To investigate the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the Chinese military population in different geographic areas.METHODS This multicenter,retrospective study included 22421 individuals from five tertiary hospitals located in north,east,southwest,and northwest cities of China.H.pylori infection was identified using the urea breath test,which had been performed between January 2020 and December 2021.RESULTS Of the 22421 military service members,7416(33.1%)were urea breath test-positive.The highest prevalence of H.pylori was in the 30-39 years age group for military personnel,with an infection rate of 34.9%.The majority of infected subjects were younger than 40-years-old,accounting for 70.4%of the infected population.The individuals serviced in Lanzhou and Chengdu showed a higher infection prevalence than those in Beijing,Nanjing,and Guangzhou,with prevalence rates of 44.3%,37.9%,29.0%,31.1%,and 32.3%,respectively.CONCLUSION H.pylori infection remains a common infectious disease among military personnel in China and has a relatively high prevalence rate in northwest China.展开更多
Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in Macao SAR despite the implementation of a cervical cancer screening program and HPV vaccination. To improve early detection, Macao SAR introdu...Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in Macao SAR despite the implementation of a cervical cancer screening program and HPV vaccination. To improve early detection, Macao SAR introduced HPV DNA testing alongside cytology (co-testing) as the primary screening method in 2019. This study evaluates the effectiveness of co-testing in identifying cervical precancerous lesions (CIN2+) compared to cytology alone. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of women aged 30 - 65 years who participated in the routine cervical cancer screening program in Macao SAR Primary Healthcare Centers from 2019 to 2022. Data from over 70,000 women were analyzed, comparing the detection rates of CIN2+ through co-testing and cytology alone. Women with abnormal cytology or positive HPV results were referred for colposcopy. Results: The introduction of co-testing led to a significant increase in the detection of CIN2+, particularly in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cytology results. Between 2019 and 2022, the percentage of women with ASCUS/NILM and any high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive who were diagnosed with CIN2+ after colposcopy were 24%, 13%, 10% and 7.5% respectively. This highlights the ability of co-testing to identify high-risk individuals who would have been missed by cytology alone. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of co-testing in improving the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening in Macao SAR. The inclusion of HPV DNA testing allows for better risk stratification of women with ASCUS/NILM cytology, leading to more targeted referrals for colposcopy and timely detection of precancerous lesions. The initial high positive rate in 2019 (24%) might be attributed to the small sample size and potentially reflects a backlog of undiagnosed cases prior to co-testing implementation. Conclusion: The implementation of co-testing in Macao SAR’s cervical cancer screening program significantly improves the early detection of precancerous lesions, particularly in women with ambiguous cytology results. This proactive approach contributes to reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality and improving women’s health outcomes in Macao SAR.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors,and early screening is crucial to improving the survival rate of patients.The combination of colonoscopy and immune fecal occult blood detect...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors,and early screening is crucial to improving the survival rate of patients.The combination of colonoscopy and immune fecal occult blood detection has garnered significant attention as a novel method for CRC screening.Colonoscopy and fecal occult blood tests,when combined,can improve screening accuracy and early detection rates,thereby facilitating early intervention and treatment.However,certain risks and costs accompany it,making the establishment of a risk classification model crucial for accurate classification and management of screened subjects.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of colonoscopy,immune fecal occult blood test(FIT),and risk-graded screening strategies in CRC screening.METHODS Based on the randomized controlled trial of CRC screening in the population conducted by our hospital May 2020 to May 2023,participants who met the requirements were randomly assigned to a colonoscopy group,an FIT group,or a graded screening group at a ratio of 1:2:2(after risk assessment,the high-risk group received colonoscopy,the low-risk group received an FIT test,and the FITpositive group received colonoscopy).The three groups received CRC screening with different protocols,among which the colonoscopy group only received baseline screening,and the FIT group and the graded screening group received annual follow-up screening based on baseline screening.The primary outcome was the detection rate of advanced tumors,including CRC and advanced adenoma.The population participation rate,advanced tumor detection rate,and colonoscopy load of the three screening programs were compared.RESULTS A total of 19373 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled,including 8082 males(41.7%)and 11291 females(58.3%).The mean age was 60.05±6.5 years.Among them,3883 patients were enrolled in the colonoscopy group,7793 in the FIT group,and 7697 in the graded screening group.Two rounds of follow-up screening were completed in the FIT group and the graded screening group.The graded screening group(89.2%)and the colonoscopy group(42.3%)had the lowest overall screening participation rates,while the FIT group had the highest(99.3%).The results of the intentional analysis showed that the detection rate of advanced tumors in the colonoscopy group was greater than that of the FIT group[2.76%vs 2.17%,odds ratio(OR)=1.30,95%confidence interval(CI):1.01-1.65,P=0.037].There was no significant difference in the detection rate of advanced tumors between the colonoscopy group and the graded screening group(2.76%vs 2.35%,OR=1.9,95%CI:0.93-1.51,P=0.156),as well as between the graded screening group and the FIT group(2.35%vs 2.17%,OR=1.09%,95%CI:0.88-1.34,P=0.440).The number of colonoscopy examinations required for each patient with advanced tumors was used as an index to evaluate the colonoscopy load during population screening.The graded screening group had the highest colonoscopy load(15.4 times),followed by the colonoscopy group(10.2 times),and the FIT group had the lowest(7.8 times).CONCLUSION A hierarchical screening strategy based on CRC risk assessment is feasible for screening for CRC in the population.It can be used as an effective supplement to traditional colonoscopy and FIT screening programs.展开更多
This study investigates the impact of silicon(Si)on the corrosion resistance and post-corrosion toughness of ferrite/martensitic(F/M)steels in a liquid lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE)environment.Corrosion tests were perfor...This study investigates the impact of silicon(Si)on the corrosion resistance and post-corrosion toughness of ferrite/martensitic(F/M)steels in a liquid lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE)environment.Corrosion tests were performed on HT-9 and EP-823(1.17 wt%Si)steels at 550℃for 1000 h under oxygen-controlled conditions.The resulting oxide layer consisted of an outer magnetite layer,a spinel layer and an inner oxide zone(IOZ).A Si-rich oxide layer was identified within the spinel and IOZ layers of EP-823,which slowed the growth rate of the oxide layer,enhanced antioxidant performance,and inhibited dissolution corrosion by the LBE.Post-corrosion mechanical properties were evaluated using a small punch test.Results showed a significant reduction in HT-9's toughness within 240 h of corrosion,while EP-823 exhibited increased brittleness after 500 h due to Si-promoted carbide and Laves phase precipitation,significantly reducing its toughness.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.The leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco ...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.The leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco smoking,alco-hol consumption,and unhealthy diet.CRC screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence,economic resources and healthcare structure.Important aspects of screening include adherence,which can vary signi-ficantly across ethnic and socioeconomic groups.Basic concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colono-scopy or radiologic imaging techniques.Technological capabilities for CRC scree-ning are rapidly evolving and include stool DNA test,liquid biopsy,virtual colo-nography,and the use of artificial intelligence.A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted imple-mentation of screening.展开更多
Hepatitis D virus(HDV)can infect HBsAg-positive individuals,causing rapid fibrosis progression,early decompensation,increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk,and higher mortality than hepatitis B virus(HBV)mono-infectio...Hepatitis D virus(HDV)can infect HBsAg-positive individuals,causing rapid fibrosis progression,early decompensation,increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk,and higher mortality than hepatitis B virus(HBV)mono-infection.Most countries lack high-quality HDV prevalence data,and the collection techniques employed often bias published data.In recent meta-analyses,HDV prevalence in HBsAg-positive patients reaches 5%-15%and is even significantly higher in endemic areas.Since HBV vaccination programs were implemented,HDV prevalence has decreased among younger populations.However,owing to immigrant influx,it has increased in some Western countries.The current practice of HDV screening in HBsAg-positive individuals is stepwise,based on physician’s discretion,and limited to at-risk populations and may require numerous visits.Double reflex testing,which includes anti-HDV testing in all HBsAg-positive individuals and then HDV RNA testing for anti-HDV-positive ones,is uncommon.Reflex testing can identify more HDV infection cases and link identified patients to further care and follow-up.Moreover,laboratory-based double reflex screening is less biased than physician-led testing.Therefore,health-care providers should learn about reflex testing,and federal and provincial hepatitis control programs should implement laboratory-based double reflex testing to obtain reliable HDV prevalence estimates.The test’s cost-effectiveness depends on the number of HBV-positive patients screened to identify one HDV-positive patient.Such testing may be viable in areas with low HBsAg but high HDV prevalence.However,its economic impact on areas with low HDV prevalence needs further study.展开更多
With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist i...With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters(WECs).In this paper,a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model.In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard,by taking site testing of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter on which a sea trial has been conducted in Dawanshan Island of Zhuhai city as an example,research on-site testing method for a wave energy converter has been carried out.The wave measurement position for the“Wanshan”converter was determined by combining statistically analyzed field data with a validated numerical wave model.By comparing a valid wave height at the position where a wave rider is located with a valid wave height at the position where the“Wanshan”wave energy converter is situated,the correlation coefficient between simulation and observed data reached 0.90,with a root-mean-square error of 0.19.The representativeness of wave measurement data during site testing is verified and can be used as a basis for calculating the input energy of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter.展开更多
Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the su...Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles,trains,and other forms of transportation,but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation,ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway.In recent years,advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter,greener,and more sustainable practices,particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring,disaster management,and innovative construction methods.This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment,including cone penetration testing(CPT)devices,soil resistivity testers,and intelligent rebound testers,in subgrade engineering.It examines the operating principles,advantages,limitations,and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing.Additionally,the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives,addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in realworld applications.These devices enable precise,comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages,providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings.This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance.As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate,these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy,efficiency,and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.展开更多
As science and technology continue to develop,power equipment has become an indispensable part of industrial production and daily life.Whether it is the precise automation machinery utilized on production lines or the...As science and technology continue to develop,power equipment has become an indispensable part of industrial production and daily life.Whether it is the precise automation machinery utilized on production lines or the convenient electrical appliances found in households,their functionality relies heavily on electrical technology.Nonetheless,without stringent safety and performance assurances,these devices could potentially endanger lives and property.Thus,this paper explores the development strategy for establishing a standardized system within the electrical testing service industry,aiming to ensure safety and reliability.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD0608100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62332017,U22A2022)
文摘In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh environment leads to significant variations in the shape and size of the defects.To address this challenge,we propose the multivariate time series segmentation network(MSSN),which adopts a multiscale convolutional network with multi-stage and depth-separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction through variable-length templates.To tackle the classification difficulty caused by structural signal variance,MSSN employs logarithmic normalization to adjust instance distributions.Furthermore,it integrates classification with smoothing loss functions to accurately identify defect segments amid similar structural and defect signal subsequences.Our algorithm evaluated on both the Mackey-Glass dataset and industrial dataset achieves over 95%localization and demonstrates the capture capability on the synthetic dataset.In a nuclear plant's heat transfer tube dataset,it captures 90%of defect instances with75%middle localization F1 score.
文摘In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for people’s production and life,require high attention from industry insiders in terms of their energy efficiency testing.Relying on energy efficiency testing can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction,and related quality control technologies will also inject new momentum into the green development of the industry.This article will discuss the practical strategies of quality control technology for energy efficiency testing of electronic and electrical products based on the significance of such testing,hoping to provide some help.
文摘The rapid progress in the construction of heavy-haul and high-speed railways has led to a surge in rail defects and unforeseen failures.Addressing this issue necessitates the implementation of more sophisticated rail inspection methods,specifically involving real-time,precise detection,and assessment of rail defects.Current applications fail to address the evolving requirements,prompting the need for advancements.This paper provides a summary of various types of rail defects and outlines both traditional and innovative non-destructive inspection techniques,examining their fundamental features,benefits,drawbacks,and practical suitability for railway track inspection.It also explores potential enhancements to equipment and software.The comprehensive review draws upon pertinent international research and review papers.Furthermore,the paper introduces a fusion of inspection methods aimed at enhancing the overall reliability of defect detection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62375048)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.22ZR1402600。
文摘Traditional spectrophotometers have a large volume and slow scanning speed,which limits their applicability for rapid on-site detection.Herein,a micro-spectrophotometer(named ATOM)is fabricated,and its performance is verified in water quality testing.An M-type Czerny-Turner light path structure,a broadband light emitting diode(LED)light source,and a linear charge-coupled device(CCD)photodetector were adopted in ATOM.The performance of ATOM was validated through iron content determination by using o-phenanthroline spectrophotometry.The experiment results showed that the linear correlation coefficient of determination R^(2) was 0.9997 for mass concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.0μg/mL.The relative standard deviation was 0.37%,and the relative error compared to a commercial large-scale spectrophotometer was below 1.4%.The dimensions of ATOM are 75 mm×60 mm×25 mm,with hardware costs of approximately 1000 CNY.ATOM features compact size,low cost,rapid measurement,high integration and high precision,making it suitable for portable on-site rapid detection.
文摘This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation systems.The research methods include the construction of a theoretical model of safety for intelligent connected vehicles based on the concept of virtual twins,the correlation study between key concepts and functional safety,and the application research of virtual twin technology in the safety testing of intelligent connected vehicles.The results reveal that the virtual twin testing framework can effectively enhance the functional safety of intelligent connected vehicles,reduce development costs,and shorten the product launch cycle.The conclusion suggests that this framework provides strong support for the healthy development of the intelligent connected vehicle industry and has a positive impact on the safety and efficiency of intelligent transportation systems.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(No.2021R1A2B5B03001691).
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT has been less common in the recent past due to a lack of portable medical devices capable of facilitating effective medical testing.However,recent growth has occurred in this field due to advances in diagnostic technologies,device miniaturization,and progress in wearable electronics.Among these developments,electrochemical sensors have attracted interest in the POCT field due to their high sensitivity,compact size,and affordability.They are used in various applications,from disease diagnosis to health status monitoring.In this paper we explore recent advancements in electrochemical sensors,the methods of fabricating them,and the various types of sensing mechanisms that can be used.Furthermore,we delve into methods for immobilizing specific biorecognition elements,including enzymes,antibodies,and aptamers,onto electrode surfaces and how these sensors are used in real-world POCT settings.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1707505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52005436)。
文摘The trend towards automation and intelligence in aircraft final assembly testing has led to a new demand for autonomous perception of unknown cockpit operation scenes in robotic collaborative airborne system testing.To address this demand,a robotic automated 3D reconstruction cell which enables to autonomously plan the robot end-camera’s trajectory is developed for image acquisition and 3D modeling of the cockpit operation scene.A continuous viewpoint path planning algorithm is proposed that incorporates both 3D reconstruction quality and robot path quality into optimization process.Smoothness metrics for viewpoint position paths and orientation paths are introduced together for the first time in 3D reconstruction.To ensure safe and effective movement,two spatial constraints,Domain of View Admissible Position(DVAP)and Domain of View Admissible Orientation(DVAO),are implemented to account for robot reachability and collision avoidance.By using diffeomorphism mapping,the orientation path is transformed into 3D,consistent with the position path.Both orientation and position paths can be optimized in a unified framework to maximize the gain of reconstruction quality and path smoothness within DVAP and DVAO.The reconstruction cell is capable of automatic data acquisition and fine scene modeling,using the generated robot C-space trajectory.Simulation and physical scene experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method to achieve highprecision 3D reconstruction while optimizing robot motion quality.
基金the financial support provided by USDOT Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)through the Competitive Academic Agreement Program (CAAP)。
文摘Despite the success of guided wave ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in steel pipes,its application on polyethylene(PE)pipe remains relatively unexplored.The growth of internal cracks in PE pipe severely affects its pressure-holding capacity,hence the early detection of internal cracks is crucial for effective pipeline maintenance strategies.This study extends the scope of guided wave-based ultrasonic testing to detect the growth of internal cracks in a natural gas distribution PE pipe.Laboratory experiments and a finite element model were planned to study the wave-crack interaction at different stages of axially oriented internal crack growth with a piezoceramic transducer-based setup arranged in a pitch-catch configuration.Mode dispersion analysis supplemented with preliminary experiments was performed to isolate the optimal inspection frequency,leading to the selection of the T(0,1)mode at 50-kHz for the investigation.A transmission index based on the energy of the T(0,1)mode was developed to trace the extent of simulated crack growth.The findings revealed an inverse linear correlation between the transmission index and the crack depth for crack growth beyond 20%crack depth.
文摘Gravity-1 was the world's first carrier rocket to adopt the sea-based “three vertical” testing launch mode. This article introduces the overall layout of the launch site and the workflow of rocket testing and launch for its maiden flight mission. The process of vertical assembly, vertical testing, vertical transportation, and sea-based hot launches are explained. Additionally, it provides an outlook on the improved “three vertical” testing and launch mode for future missions, such as land-based launches, rapid launches, and remote sea launches.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82273370,82202899,82172702,81972249,81902430,82002543,82002946,U1932145)Shanghai Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Project of Municipal Hospital(grant number:SHDC12020102)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant numbers:22ZR1413000,21ZR1414900)Artificial Intelligence Medical Hospital Cooperation Project of Xuhui District(grant number:2021-017)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund(grant number:19MC1911000)Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty(grant number:shslczdzk01301)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(grant number:18401933402)“Chenguang Program”supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(grant number:20CG08).
文摘Objective:This study aims to analyze how changes in pathological diagnosis practice and molecular detection technology have affected clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer(CRC)patients in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(FUSCC).Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed 21,141 pathologically confirmed CRC cases diagnosed at FUSCC from 2008 to 2020.Patients were divided into five groups for different analytical purposes:(1)the before vs.since 2014 groups to analyze the influence of the changes in the classification criteria of pT3 and pT4 staging on the survival of patients;(2)the partial vs.total mesorectal excision(TME)groups to analyze whether evaluation of completeness of the mesorectum have impact on the survival of patients;(3)the tumor deposit(TD)(+)N0 vs.TD(+)N1c groups to analyze the influence of the changes in the pN staging on the survival of patients with positive TD and negative regional lymph node metastasis(LNM);(4)the before vs.since 2013 groups to analyze the influence of the changes in the testing process of deficient mismatch repair on the survival of patients;and(5)the groups with vs.without RAS/BRAF gene mutation testing to analyze the influence of these testing on the survival of patients.Patients’clinicopathological parameters,including age at diagnosis,sex,tumor size,location,differentiation,mucinous subtype,TD,lymphovascular invasion,perineural invasion,tumor depth,LNM and distant metastasis,and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage,were compared between groups.Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank method was performed for patients’overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)analyses.Results:In pathological reports,there were three parameter changes that impacted patient outcomes.Firstly,changes in the pT staging criteria led to a shift of the ratio of patients with stage pT3 to stage pT4 from 1:110.9 to 1:0.26.In comparison to patients admitted before 2014(n=4,754),a significant difference in prognosis between pT3 and pT4 stages was observed since 2014(n=9,965).Secondly,we began to evaluate the completeness of the mesorectum since 2016.As a result,91.0%of patients with low rectal cancer underwent TME(n=4,111)surgery,and patients with TME had significantly better OS compared with partial mesorectal excision(PME,n=409).Thirdly,we began to stage TD(+)LNM(-)as N1c since 2017.The results showed that N1c(n=127)but not N0(n=39)can improve the prognosis of patients without LNM and distal metastasis.In molecular testing,there have been three and five iterations of updates regarding mismatch repair(MMR)/microsatellite instability(MSI)status and RAS/BRAF gene mutation detection,respectively.The standardization of MMR status testing has sharply decreased the proportion of deficient MMR(dMMR)patients(from 32.5%to 7.4%)since 2013.The prognosis of patients underwent MMR status testing since 2013(n=867)were significantly better than patients before 2013(n=1,313).In addition,detection of RAS/BRAF gene mutation status(n=5,041)resulted in better DFS but not OS,for patients with stage I-III disease(n=16,557).Conclusion:Over the past few decades,updates in elements in pathological reports,as well as the development of standardized tests for MMR/MSI status and RAS/BRAF gene mutations have significantly improved patient outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia,gastritis,and peptic ulcer,which are common diseases in military personnel.Current guidelines in China state all patients with evidence of active infection with H.pylori are offered treatment.However,the prevalence of H.pylori infection and its regional distribution in the military population remain unclear,which hinders effective prevention and treatment strategies.Understanding the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the military population will aid in the development of customized strategies to better manage this infectious disease.AIM To investigate the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the Chinese military population in different geographic areas.METHODS This multicenter,retrospective study included 22421 individuals from five tertiary hospitals located in north,east,southwest,and northwest cities of China.H.pylori infection was identified using the urea breath test,which had been performed between January 2020 and December 2021.RESULTS Of the 22421 military service members,7416(33.1%)were urea breath test-positive.The highest prevalence of H.pylori was in the 30-39 years age group for military personnel,with an infection rate of 34.9%.The majority of infected subjects were younger than 40-years-old,accounting for 70.4%of the infected population.The individuals serviced in Lanzhou and Chengdu showed a higher infection prevalence than those in Beijing,Nanjing,and Guangzhou,with prevalence rates of 44.3%,37.9%,29.0%,31.1%,and 32.3%,respectively.CONCLUSION H.pylori infection remains a common infectious disease among military personnel in China and has a relatively high prevalence rate in northwest China.
文摘Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in Macao SAR despite the implementation of a cervical cancer screening program and HPV vaccination. To improve early detection, Macao SAR introduced HPV DNA testing alongside cytology (co-testing) as the primary screening method in 2019. This study evaluates the effectiveness of co-testing in identifying cervical precancerous lesions (CIN2+) compared to cytology alone. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of women aged 30 - 65 years who participated in the routine cervical cancer screening program in Macao SAR Primary Healthcare Centers from 2019 to 2022. Data from over 70,000 women were analyzed, comparing the detection rates of CIN2+ through co-testing and cytology alone. Women with abnormal cytology or positive HPV results were referred for colposcopy. Results: The introduction of co-testing led to a significant increase in the detection of CIN2+, particularly in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cytology results. Between 2019 and 2022, the percentage of women with ASCUS/NILM and any high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive who were diagnosed with CIN2+ after colposcopy were 24%, 13%, 10% and 7.5% respectively. This highlights the ability of co-testing to identify high-risk individuals who would have been missed by cytology alone. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of co-testing in improving the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening in Macao SAR. The inclusion of HPV DNA testing allows for better risk stratification of women with ASCUS/NILM cytology, leading to more targeted referrals for colposcopy and timely detection of precancerous lesions. The initial high positive rate in 2019 (24%) might be attributed to the small sample size and potentially reflects a backlog of undiagnosed cases prior to co-testing implementation. Conclusion: The implementation of co-testing in Macao SAR’s cervical cancer screening program significantly improves the early detection of precancerous lesions, particularly in women with ambiguous cytology results. This proactive approach contributes to reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality and improving women’s health outcomes in Macao SAR.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors,and early screening is crucial to improving the survival rate of patients.The combination of colonoscopy and immune fecal occult blood detection has garnered significant attention as a novel method for CRC screening.Colonoscopy and fecal occult blood tests,when combined,can improve screening accuracy and early detection rates,thereby facilitating early intervention and treatment.However,certain risks and costs accompany it,making the establishment of a risk classification model crucial for accurate classification and management of screened subjects.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of colonoscopy,immune fecal occult blood test(FIT),and risk-graded screening strategies in CRC screening.METHODS Based on the randomized controlled trial of CRC screening in the population conducted by our hospital May 2020 to May 2023,participants who met the requirements were randomly assigned to a colonoscopy group,an FIT group,or a graded screening group at a ratio of 1:2:2(after risk assessment,the high-risk group received colonoscopy,the low-risk group received an FIT test,and the FITpositive group received colonoscopy).The three groups received CRC screening with different protocols,among which the colonoscopy group only received baseline screening,and the FIT group and the graded screening group received annual follow-up screening based on baseline screening.The primary outcome was the detection rate of advanced tumors,including CRC and advanced adenoma.The population participation rate,advanced tumor detection rate,and colonoscopy load of the three screening programs were compared.RESULTS A total of 19373 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled,including 8082 males(41.7%)and 11291 females(58.3%).The mean age was 60.05±6.5 years.Among them,3883 patients were enrolled in the colonoscopy group,7793 in the FIT group,and 7697 in the graded screening group.Two rounds of follow-up screening were completed in the FIT group and the graded screening group.The graded screening group(89.2%)and the colonoscopy group(42.3%)had the lowest overall screening participation rates,while the FIT group had the highest(99.3%).The results of the intentional analysis showed that the detection rate of advanced tumors in the colonoscopy group was greater than that of the FIT group[2.76%vs 2.17%,odds ratio(OR)=1.30,95%confidence interval(CI):1.01-1.65,P=0.037].There was no significant difference in the detection rate of advanced tumors between the colonoscopy group and the graded screening group(2.76%vs 2.35%,OR=1.9,95%CI:0.93-1.51,P=0.156),as well as between the graded screening group and the FIT group(2.35%vs 2.17%,OR=1.09%,95%CI:0.88-1.34,P=0.440).The number of colonoscopy examinations required for each patient with advanced tumors was used as an index to evaluate the colonoscopy load during population screening.The graded screening group had the highest colonoscopy load(15.4 times),followed by the colonoscopy group(10.2 times),and the FIT group had the lowest(7.8 times).CONCLUSION A hierarchical screening strategy based on CRC risk assessment is feasible for screening for CRC in the population.It can be used as an effective supplement to traditional colonoscopy and FIT screening programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52301121).
文摘This study investigates the impact of silicon(Si)on the corrosion resistance and post-corrosion toughness of ferrite/martensitic(F/M)steels in a liquid lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE)environment.Corrosion tests were performed on HT-9 and EP-823(1.17 wt%Si)steels at 550℃for 1000 h under oxygen-controlled conditions.The resulting oxide layer consisted of an outer magnetite layer,a spinel layer and an inner oxide zone(IOZ).A Si-rich oxide layer was identified within the spinel and IOZ layers of EP-823,which slowed the growth rate of the oxide layer,enhanced antioxidant performance,and inhibited dissolution corrosion by the LBE.Post-corrosion mechanical properties were evaluated using a small punch test.Results showed a significant reduction in HT-9's toughness within 240 h of corrosion,while EP-823 exhibited increased brittleness after 500 h due to Si-promoted carbide and Laves phase precipitation,significantly reducing its toughness.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.The leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco smoking,alco-hol consumption,and unhealthy diet.CRC screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence,economic resources and healthcare structure.Important aspects of screening include adherence,which can vary signi-ficantly across ethnic and socioeconomic groups.Basic concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colono-scopy or radiologic imaging techniques.Technological capabilities for CRC scree-ning are rapidly evolving and include stool DNA test,liquid biopsy,virtual colo-nography,and the use of artificial intelligence.A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted imple-mentation of screening.
文摘Hepatitis D virus(HDV)can infect HBsAg-positive individuals,causing rapid fibrosis progression,early decompensation,increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk,and higher mortality than hepatitis B virus(HBV)mono-infection.Most countries lack high-quality HDV prevalence data,and the collection techniques employed often bias published data.In recent meta-analyses,HDV prevalence in HBsAg-positive patients reaches 5%-15%and is even significantly higher in endemic areas.Since HBV vaccination programs were implemented,HDV prevalence has decreased among younger populations.However,owing to immigrant influx,it has increased in some Western countries.The current practice of HDV screening in HBsAg-positive individuals is stepwise,based on physician’s discretion,and limited to at-risk populations and may require numerous visits.Double reflex testing,which includes anti-HDV testing in all HBsAg-positive individuals and then HDV RNA testing for anti-HDV-positive ones,is uncommon.Reflex testing can identify more HDV infection cases and link identified patients to further care and follow-up.Moreover,laboratory-based double reflex screening is less biased than physician-led testing.Therefore,health-care providers should learn about reflex testing,and federal and provincial hepatitis control programs should implement laboratory-based double reflex testing to obtain reliable HDV prevalence estimates.The test’s cost-effectiveness depends on the number of HBV-positive patients screened to identify one HDV-positive patient.Such testing may be viable in areas with low HBsAg but high HDV prevalence.However,its economic impact on areas with low HDV prevalence needs further study.
基金supported by the“National Ocean Technology Center Innovation Fund”under Project No.N3220Z002,led by Ning Jia.The official website of the National Ocean Technology Center is accessible at:http://www.notcsoa.org.cn/.
文摘With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters(WECs).In this paper,a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model.In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard,by taking site testing of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter on which a sea trial has been conducted in Dawanshan Island of Zhuhai city as an example,research on-site testing method for a wave energy converter has been carried out.The wave measurement position for the“Wanshan”converter was determined by combining statistically analyzed field data with a validated numerical wave model.By comparing a valid wave height at the position where a wave rider is located with a valid wave height at the position where the“Wanshan”wave energy converter is situated,the correlation coefficient between simulation and observed data reached 0.90,with a root-mean-square error of 0.19.The representativeness of wave measurement data during site testing is verified and can be used as a basis for calculating the input energy of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.42225206)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207180,42477209,42302320).
文摘Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles,trains,and other forms of transportation,but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation,ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway.In recent years,advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter,greener,and more sustainable practices,particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring,disaster management,and innovative construction methods.This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment,including cone penetration testing(CPT)devices,soil resistivity testers,and intelligent rebound testers,in subgrade engineering.It examines the operating principles,advantages,limitations,and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing.Additionally,the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives,addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in realworld applications.These devices enable precise,comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages,providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings.This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance.As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate,these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy,efficiency,and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.
基金Tianshui City Science and Technology Support Plan Project:2023-FZJHK-2813。
文摘As science and technology continue to develop,power equipment has become an indispensable part of industrial production and daily life.Whether it is the precise automation machinery utilized on production lines or the convenient electrical appliances found in households,their functionality relies heavily on electrical technology.Nonetheless,without stringent safety and performance assurances,these devices could potentially endanger lives and property.Thus,this paper explores the development strategy for establishing a standardized system within the electrical testing service industry,aiming to ensure safety and reliability.
