The stress-strain behavior of calcareous sand is significantly influencedby particle breakage(B)and initial relative density(Dri),but few constitutive models consider their combined effects.To bridge this gap,we condu...The stress-strain behavior of calcareous sand is significantly influencedby particle breakage(B)and initial relative density(Dri),but few constitutive models consider their combined effects.To bridge this gap,we conducted a series of triaxial tests on calcareous sand with varying Dri and stress paths,examining particle breakage and critical state behavior.Key findingsinclude:(1)At a constant stress ratio(η),B follows a hyperbolic relationship with mean effective stress(p'),and for a given p',B increases proportionally withη;(2)The critical state line(CSL)moves downward with increasing Dri,whereas the critical state friction angle(φcs)decreases with increasing B.Based on these findings,we propose a unifiedbreakage evolution model to quantify particle breakage in calcareous sand under various loading conditions.Integrating this model with the Normal Consolidation Line(NCL)and CSL equations,we successfully simulate the steepening of NCL and CSL slopes as B increases with the onset of particle breakage.Furthermore,we quantitatively evaluate the effect of B onφcs.Finally,within the framework of Critical State Soil Mechanics and Hypoplasticity theory,we develop a hypoplastic model incorporating B and Dri.The model is validated through strong agreement with experimental results across various initial relative densities,stress paths and drainage conditions.展开更多
Advances in the identification of molecular biomarkers and the development of targeted therapies have enhanced the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer.Several established biomarkers have been widely int...Advances in the identification of molecular biomarkers and the development of targeted therapies have enhanced the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer.Several established biomarkers have been widely integrated into routine clinical diagnostics of gastric cancer to guide personalized treatment.Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)was the first molecular biomarker to be used in gastric cancer with trastuzumab being the first approved targeted therapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer.Programmed death-ligand 1 positivity and microsatellite instability can guide the use of immunotherapies,such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab.More recently,zolbetuximab has been approved for patients with claudin 18.2-positive diseases in some countries.More targeted therapies,including savolitinib for MET-positive patients,are currently under clinical investigation.However,the clinical application of these diagnostic approaches could be hampered by many existing challenges,including invasive and costly sampling methods,variability in immunohistochemistry interpretation,high costs and long turnaround times for next-generation sequencing,the absence of standardized and clinically validated diagnostic cut-off values for some biomarkers,and tumor heterogeneity.Novel testing and analysis techniques,such as artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis and multiplex immunohistochemistry,and emerging therapeutic strategies,including combination therapies that integrate immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted therapies,offer potential solutions to some of these challenges.This article reviews recent progress in gastric cancer testing,outlines current challenges,and explores future directions for biomarker testing and targeted therapy for gastric cancer.展开更多
Geomechanical properties of rocks vary across different measurement scales,primarily due to heterogeneity.Micro-scale geomechanical tests,including micro-scale“scratch tests”and nano-scale nanoindentation tests,are ...Geomechanical properties of rocks vary across different measurement scales,primarily due to heterogeneity.Micro-scale geomechanical tests,including micro-scale“scratch tests”and nano-scale nanoindentation tests,are attractive at different scales.Each method requires minimal sample volume,is low cost,and includes a relatively rapid measurement turnaround time.However,recent micro-scale test results–including scratch test results and nanoindentation results–exhibit tangible variance and uncertainty,suggesting a need to correlate mineral composition mapping to elastic modulus mapping to isolate the relative impact of specific minerals.Different research labs often utilize different interpretation methods,and it is clear that future micro-mechanical tests may benefit from standardized testing and interpretation procedures.The objectives of this study are to seek options for standardized testing and interpretation procedures,through two specific objectives:(1)Quantify chemical and physical controls on micro-mechanical properties and(2)Quantify the source of uncertainties associated with nanoindentation measurements.To reach these goals,we conducted mechanical tests on three different scales:triaxial compression tests,scratch tests,and nanoindentation tests.We found that mineral phase weight percentage is highly correlated with nanoindentation elastic modulus distribution.Finally,we conclude that nanoindentation testing is a mineralogy and microstructure-based method and generally yields significant uncertainty and overestimation.The uncertainty of the testing method is largely associated with not mapping pore space a priori.Lastly,the uncertainty can be reduced by combining phase mapping and modulus mapping with substantial and random data sampling.展开更多
Test case prioritization and ranking play a crucial role in software testing by improving fault detection efficiency and ensuring software reliability.While prioritization selects the most relevant test cases for opti...Test case prioritization and ranking play a crucial role in software testing by improving fault detection efficiency and ensuring software reliability.While prioritization selects the most relevant test cases for optimal coverage,ranking further refines their execution order to detect critical faults earlier.This study investigates machine learning techniques to enhance both prioritization and ranking,contributing to more effective and efficient testing processes.We first employ advanced feature engineering alongside ensemble models,including Gradient Boosted,Support Vector Machines,Random Forests,and Naive Bayes classifiers to optimize test case prioritization,achieving an accuracy score of 0.98847 and significantly improving the Average Percentage of Fault Detection(APFD).Subsequently,we introduce a deep Q-learning framework combined with a Genetic Algorithm(GA)to refine test case ranking within priority levels.This approach achieves a rank accuracy of 0.9172,demonstrating robust performance despite the increasing computational demands of specialized variation operators.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of stacked ensemble learning and reinforcement learning in optimizing test case prioritization and ranking.This integrated approach improves testing efficiency,reduces late-stage defects,and improves overall software stability.The study provides valuable information for AI-driven testing frameworks,paving the way for more intelligent and adaptive software quality assurance methodologies.展开更多
T he residual stray magnetic fields present in ferromagnetic casting slabs were investigated in this work,which result from the magnetic fields generated during the steel casting process.Existing optical detection met...T he residual stray magnetic fields present in ferromagnetic casting slabs were investigated in this work,which result from the magnetic fields generated during the steel casting process.Existing optical detection methods face challenges owing to surface oxide scales,and conventional high-precision magnetic sensors are ineffective at high temperatures.To overcome these limitations,a small coil sensor was employed to measure the residual magnetism strength in oscillation traces,using metal magnetic memory and electromagnetic induction methods,which can carry out detection without an external excitation source.Using this technology,the proposed scheme successfully detects defects at high tempe-ratures(up to 670℃)without a cooling device.The key findings include the ability to detect both surface and near-surface defects,such as cracks and oscillation marks,with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of 7.2 dB after signal processing.The method’s practicality was validated in a steel mill environment,where testing on casting slabs effectively detected defects,providing a foundation for improving industrial quality control.The proposed detection scheme offers a significant advancement in nondestructive testing(NDT)for high-temperature applications,contributing to more efficient and accurate monitoring of ferromagnetic material integrity.展开更多
Members of the British Textile Machinery Association(BTMA)can look back on 2025 as a year marked by notable technological advances and continued progress in global trade,despite an uncertain and volatile market.“Our ...Members of the British Textile Machinery Association(BTMA)can look back on 2025 as a year marked by notable technological advances and continued progress in global trade,despite an uncertain and volatile market.“Our members have been very active over the past 12 months and this has resulted in new technologies for the production of technical fibres and fabrics,the introduction of AI and machine learning into process control systems and significant advances in materials testing,”says BTMA CEO Jason Kent.“There’s real excitement about what can be achieved in 2026 as we look ahead to upcoming exhibitions such as JEC Composites in Paris in March and Techtextil in Frankfurt in April.”展开更多
With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raisin...With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.展开更多
Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly diffic...Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly difficult mines and meet the requirements of environmental protection and safety regulations.It promotes the development of a circular economy in mines through the development of lowgrade resources and the resource utilization of waste,and extends the service life of mines.The mass concentration of solid content(abbreviated as“concentration”)is a critical parameter for CPB.However,discrepancies often arise between the on-site measurements and the pre-designed values due to factors such as groundwater inflow and segregation within the goaf,which cannot be evaluated after the solidification of CPB.This paper innovatively provides an in-situ non-destructive approach to identify the real concentration of CPB after curing for certain days using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology.Initially,the spectral variation patterns under different concentration conditions were investigated through hyperspectral scanning experiments on CPB samples.The results demonstrate that as the CPB concentration increases from 61wt%to 73wt%,the overall spectral reflectance gradually increases,with two distinct absorption peaks observed at 1407 and 1917 nm.Notably,the reflectance at 1407 nm exhibited a strong linear relationship with the concentration.Subsequently,the K-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were employed to classify and identify different concentrations.The study revealed that,with the KNN algorithm,the highest accuracy was achieved when K(number of nearest neighbors)was 1,although this resulted in overfitting.When K=3,the model displayed the optimal balance between accuracy and stability,with an accuracy of 95.03%.In the SVM algorithm,the highest accuracy of 98.24%was attained with parameters C(regularization parameter)=200 and Gamma(kernel coefficient)=10.A comparative analysis of precision,accuracy,and recall further highlighted that the SVM provided superior stability and precision for identifying CPB concentration.Thus,HSI technology offers an effective solution for the in-situ,non-destructive monitoring of CPB concentration,presenting a promising approach for optimizing and controlling CPB characteristic parameters.展开更多
X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system ...X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system generally has a large scale,which is not suitable for on-site testing.Compared with the S-band(S-linac)at the same stage of beam energy,the accelerator working in the X-band(X-linac)can compress the facility scale by over 2/3 in the longitudinal direction,which is convenient for the on-site NDT of electrical equipment.To address the beam quality and design complexity simultaneously,the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ),which is a multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA),was developed to optimize the cavity chain design of the X-linac.Additionally,the designs of the focusing coils,electron gun,and RF couplers,which are other key components of the X-linac,were introduced in this context.In particular,the focusing coil distributions were optimized using a genetic algorithm.Furthermore,after designing such key components,PARMELA software was adopted to perform beam dynamics calculations with the optimized accelerating fields and magnetic fields.The results show that the beam performance was obtained with a capture ratio of more than 90%,an energy spread of less than 10%,and an average energy of approximately 3 MeV.The design and simulation results indicate that the proposed NSGAⅡ-based approach is feasible for X-linac accelerator design.Furthermore,it can be generalized as a universal technique for industrial electron linear accelerators provided that specific optimization objectives and constraints are set according to different application scenarios and requirements.展开更多
Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)membrane protein profile(sEVpp)is a novel biomarker for cancer,and it can reveal the in-depth phenotype information.The point-of-care testing(POCT)of sEVpp holds great significance fo...Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)membrane protein profile(sEVpp)is a novel biomarker for cancer,and it can reveal the in-depth phenotype information.The point-of-care testing(POCT)of sEVpp holds great significance for mass screening of cancer,so the cost-effective and simple detection methods of sEVpp are urgently demanded.Herein,we constructed a paper-based multichannel sEVpp POCT device(sEVpp-PAD)enabled by functional DNA probes and metal-organic framework(MOF).The core components are aptamer/MOF-modified paper chips.The modified aptamers can immunocapture the sEV expressing corresponding proteins,while the modified MOF can provide abundant sites for aptamer-modification,reduce the nonspecific protein absorption,and act as reference for ratiometric detection.Simply powered by two syringes,the sEVpp-PAD can efficiently capture sEVs expressing corresponding protein from cell culture media and sera.Furthermore,a detection probe(DP)consisted of CD63 aptamer and G-quadruplex was developed for the colorimetric detection of captured sEVs.Utilizing this device,the sEVpp in various hepatocellular carcinoma cell culture medium and,more importantly,in human sera can be accurately determined,only with$2 device,$0.2 detection reagents and 1.8 h procedure.This simple strategy for sEVpp detection can innovatively promote the POCT and subtyping of cancer based on sEV-related liquid biopsy.展开更多
Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining...Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.展开更多
Water-sand gushing(WSG)disasters in confinedaquifers pose significantchallenges to the utilization of deep underground spaces in soft soil areas.Since few studies have considered the impact of confined aquifer thickne...Water-sand gushing(WSG)disasters in confinedaquifers pose significantchallenges to the utilization of deep underground spaces in soft soil areas.Since few studies have considered the impact of confined aquifer thickness and confinedwater pressure on WSG disasters,a novel visual model test system was developed to investigate the influencingcharacteristics and mechanisms of the two aforementioned factors.The test results showed that the WSG process in clay aquiclude-confinedaquifer composite strata exhibits two prominent stages.First,the sand loss zone expands vertically in an ellipsoid shape.Then,it expands horizontally once the ellipsoid reaches the boundary of the clay layer.The sand loss continues until the overlying clay sinks to the bottom to clog the gushing crack,creating a large sinkhole at the surface.Increasing the confinedaquifer thickness can increase the vertical expansion of the ellipsoid and delay the clay-clogging effects,thereby considerably increasing the severity of sand loss,stratum deformation,and surface settlement.An increase in the confinedwater pressure markedly increases the hydraulic gradient along the seepage path,which contributes to increasing the gushing rates of water and sand.As a result,substantial sand loss occurs before the clay clogs the gushing crack,inducing more cracks and deeper sinkholes at the surface.All the aforementioned results provide insights into the effects of confinedaquifer on WSG disasters in clay aquiclude-confinedaquifer composite strata.展开更多
To investigate the influencesof non-plastic silt and soil aging on the re-liquefaction resistance of sands,a series of undrained triaxial tests was performed on sand-silt mixtures with finescontent ranging from 0%to 1...To investigate the influencesof non-plastic silt and soil aging on the re-liquefaction resistance of sands,a series of undrained triaxial tests was performed on sand-silt mixtures with finescontent ranging from 0%to 100%,as well as on undisturbed and reconstituted non-plastic sandy soils retrieved from earth structures with a history of earthquake-induced damage.The specimens on sand-silt mixtures were produced under an initial degree of compaction of 95%.In these tests,liquefaction histories were applied three times to a single specimen under the same cyclic stress ratio after the respective consolidation stages with the measurements of the shear wave velocities.The following conclusions can be obtained from the test results:(1)The liquefaction resistance obtained in the firstto third cyclicloading stages decreased initially with increasing finescontent up to about 45%,while it increased afterward.Therefore,the susceptibility of sands containing a relatively large amount of non-plastic silt to reliquefaction may be more significantthan that of clean sands;(2)The liquefaction resistance and the shear wave velocity decreased significantlyduring the second cyclic-loading stage and after the second consolidation,respectively,despite an increase in the specimen density caused by the first liquefaction history,while they increased in the third stage.The possible reason for this change would be the disturbance of soil structures due to liquefaction,which may be partially evaluated by the volumetric strain during the respective consolidation stages,and the stress-induced anisotropy formed in the previous liquefaction stage;and(3)The liquefaction resistance and the shear wave velocity of the undisturbed specimens,which were measured in the firstto third stages,were larger than those of the reconstituted ones due to the aging effects,respectively.That is,the aging effects may not necessarily be eliminated by the subsequent liquefaction history and may remain partially in some cases.展开更多
The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are imm...The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.展开更多
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) overexpression is increasingly recognized as a frequent molecular abnormality in gastric and gastroesophageal cancer. With the recent introduction of HER2 molecular targe...Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) overexpression is increasingly recognized as a frequent molecular abnormality in gastric and gastroesophageal cancer. With the recent introduction of HER2 molecular targeted therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer, determination of HER2 status is crucial in order to select patients who may benefit from this treatment. This paper provides an update on our knowledge of HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal cancer, including the prognostic relevance of HER2, the key differences between HER2 protein expression interpretation in breast and gastric cancer, the detection methods and the immunohistochemistry scoring system.展开更多
The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls ...The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls （SPCW）, which utilize a combination ofunbonded prestressed post-tensioned （PT） tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the predictive clinical value of in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for directing chemosensitivity in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS:Results of ...AIM:To investigate the predictive clinical value of in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for directing chemosensitivity in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS:Results of a total of 353 consecutive patients with gastric cancer treated with MTT-directed chemotherapy or physician’s empirical chemotherapy from July 1997 to April 2003 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:The overall 5-year survival rate of MTT- sensitive group (MSG) and control group (CG) was 47.5% and 45.1%, respectively. The results of subgroup analysis with Cox proportional-hazards model were favorable for the MSG-sensitive group. However, no statistically significant difference in survival rate was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION:Individualized chemotherapy based on in vitro MTT assay is beneficial, but needs to be confirmed by further randomized controlled trials.展开更多
The KRAS oncogene is mutated in approximately 35%-45% of colorectal cancers, and KRAS mutational status testing has been highlighted in recent years. The most frequent mutations in this gene, point substitutions in co...The KRAS oncogene is mutated in approximately 35%-45% of colorectal cancers, and KRAS mutational status testing has been highlighted in recent years. The most frequent mutations in this gene, point substitutions in codons 12 and 13, were validated as negative predictors of response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies. Therefore, determining the KRAS mutational status of tumor samples has become an essential tool for managing patients with colorectal cancers. Currently, a variety of detection methods have been established to analyze the mutation status in the key regions of the KRAS gene; however, several challenges remain related to standardized and uniform testing, including the selection of tumor samples, tumor sample processing and optimal testing methods. Moreover, new testing strategies, in combination with the mutation analysis of BRAF , PIK3CA and loss of PTEN proposed by many researchers and pathologists, should be promoted. In addition, we recommend that microsatellite instability, a prognostic factor, be added to the abovementioned concomitant analysis. This review provides an overview of KRAS biology and the recent advances in KRAS mutation testing. This review also addresses other aspects of status testing for determining the appropriate treatment and offers insight into the potential drawbacks of mutational testing.展开更多
To avoid the serious accidents caused by the failure fastening bolts on reciprocating compressor cylinder cover,a new nondestructive testing(NDT) technology,metal magnetic memory(MMM) testing,was applied to safety eva...To avoid the serious accidents caused by the failure fastening bolts on reciprocating compressor cylinder cover,a new nondestructive testing(NDT) technology,metal magnetic memory(MMM) testing,was applied to safety evaluating and failure analyzing for the fastening bolts.Based on the dynamic stress calculation of the failure bolts,MMM testing was carried out at workshop.Given are the MMM stress distribution characteristics of the failure bolts and fracture faces.It has been found that the MMM signal variation amplitude of the crack transition zone in the fracture surface is minimal,that of the crack initiation zone is in the middle,and that of the tear fracture zone is maximal.The failure reasons were analyzed with MMM effect.The results of the metallographic examination showed that the validity and feasibility of MMM testing and failure analysis.This means MMM technology is a new,fast and validity method of failure analysis.展开更多
基金support to this study from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC(Grant No.52278367)The Belt and Road Special Foundation of the National Key Laboratory ofWater Disaster Prevention(Grant No.2024nkms08).
文摘The stress-strain behavior of calcareous sand is significantly influencedby particle breakage(B)and initial relative density(Dri),but few constitutive models consider their combined effects.To bridge this gap,we conducted a series of triaxial tests on calcareous sand with varying Dri and stress paths,examining particle breakage and critical state behavior.Key findingsinclude:(1)At a constant stress ratio(η),B follows a hyperbolic relationship with mean effective stress(p'),and for a given p',B increases proportionally withη;(2)The critical state line(CSL)moves downward with increasing Dri,whereas the critical state friction angle(φcs)decreases with increasing B.Based on these findings,we propose a unifiedbreakage evolution model to quantify particle breakage in calcareous sand under various loading conditions.Integrating this model with the Normal Consolidation Line(NCL)and CSL equations,we successfully simulate the steepening of NCL and CSL slopes as B increases with the onset of particle breakage.Furthermore,we quantitatively evaluate the effect of B onφcs.Finally,within the framework of Critical State Soil Mechanics and Hypoplasticity theory,we develop a hypoplastic model incorporating B and Dri.The model is validated through strong agreement with experimental results across various initial relative densities,stress paths and drainage conditions.
基金support by grants from Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(Grant No.2024-2-1024)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.7232018).
文摘Advances in the identification of molecular biomarkers and the development of targeted therapies have enhanced the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer.Several established biomarkers have been widely integrated into routine clinical diagnostics of gastric cancer to guide personalized treatment.Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)was the first molecular biomarker to be used in gastric cancer with trastuzumab being the first approved targeted therapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer.Programmed death-ligand 1 positivity and microsatellite instability can guide the use of immunotherapies,such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab.More recently,zolbetuximab has been approved for patients with claudin 18.2-positive diseases in some countries.More targeted therapies,including savolitinib for MET-positive patients,are currently under clinical investigation.However,the clinical application of these diagnostic approaches could be hampered by many existing challenges,including invasive and costly sampling methods,variability in immunohistochemistry interpretation,high costs and long turnaround times for next-generation sequencing,the absence of standardized and clinically validated diagnostic cut-off values for some biomarkers,and tumor heterogeneity.Novel testing and analysis techniques,such as artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis and multiplex immunohistochemistry,and emerging therapeutic strategies,including combination therapies that integrate immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted therapies,offer potential solutions to some of these challenges.This article reviews recent progress in gastric cancer testing,outlines current challenges,and explores future directions for biomarker testing and targeted therapy for gastric cancer.
基金support of this project through the Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration(Grant No.DE-FC26-05NT42591)Improving Production in the Emerging Paradox Oil Play(Grant No.DE-FE0031775).
文摘Geomechanical properties of rocks vary across different measurement scales,primarily due to heterogeneity.Micro-scale geomechanical tests,including micro-scale“scratch tests”and nano-scale nanoindentation tests,are attractive at different scales.Each method requires minimal sample volume,is low cost,and includes a relatively rapid measurement turnaround time.However,recent micro-scale test results–including scratch test results and nanoindentation results–exhibit tangible variance and uncertainty,suggesting a need to correlate mineral composition mapping to elastic modulus mapping to isolate the relative impact of specific minerals.Different research labs often utilize different interpretation methods,and it is clear that future micro-mechanical tests may benefit from standardized testing and interpretation procedures.The objectives of this study are to seek options for standardized testing and interpretation procedures,through two specific objectives:(1)Quantify chemical and physical controls on micro-mechanical properties and(2)Quantify the source of uncertainties associated with nanoindentation measurements.To reach these goals,we conducted mechanical tests on three different scales:triaxial compression tests,scratch tests,and nanoindentation tests.We found that mineral phase weight percentage is highly correlated with nanoindentation elastic modulus distribution.Finally,we conclude that nanoindentation testing is a mineralogy and microstructure-based method and generally yields significant uncertainty and overestimation.The uncertainty of the testing method is largely associated with not mapping pore space a priori.Lastly,the uncertainty can be reduced by combining phase mapping and modulus mapping with substantial and random data sampling.
文摘Test case prioritization and ranking play a crucial role in software testing by improving fault detection efficiency and ensuring software reliability.While prioritization selects the most relevant test cases for optimal coverage,ranking further refines their execution order to detect critical faults earlier.This study investigates machine learning techniques to enhance both prioritization and ranking,contributing to more effective and efficient testing processes.We first employ advanced feature engineering alongside ensemble models,including Gradient Boosted,Support Vector Machines,Random Forests,and Naive Bayes classifiers to optimize test case prioritization,achieving an accuracy score of 0.98847 and significantly improving the Average Percentage of Fault Detection(APFD).Subsequently,we introduce a deep Q-learning framework combined with a Genetic Algorithm(GA)to refine test case ranking within priority levels.This approach achieves a rank accuracy of 0.9172,demonstrating robust performance despite the increasing computational demands of specialized variation operators.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of stacked ensemble learning and reinforcement learning in optimizing test case prioritization and ranking.This integrated approach improves testing efficiency,reduces late-stage defects,and improves overall software stability.The study provides valuable information for AI-driven testing frameworks,paving the way for more intelligent and adaptive software quality assurance methodologies.
文摘T he residual stray magnetic fields present in ferromagnetic casting slabs were investigated in this work,which result from the magnetic fields generated during the steel casting process.Existing optical detection methods face challenges owing to surface oxide scales,and conventional high-precision magnetic sensors are ineffective at high temperatures.To overcome these limitations,a small coil sensor was employed to measure the residual magnetism strength in oscillation traces,using metal magnetic memory and electromagnetic induction methods,which can carry out detection without an external excitation source.Using this technology,the proposed scheme successfully detects defects at high tempe-ratures(up to 670℃)without a cooling device.The key findings include the ability to detect both surface and near-surface defects,such as cracks and oscillation marks,with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of 7.2 dB after signal processing.The method’s practicality was validated in a steel mill environment,where testing on casting slabs effectively detected defects,providing a foundation for improving industrial quality control.The proposed detection scheme offers a significant advancement in nondestructive testing(NDT)for high-temperature applications,contributing to more efficient and accurate monitoring of ferromagnetic material integrity.
文摘Members of the British Textile Machinery Association(BTMA)can look back on 2025 as a year marked by notable technological advances and continued progress in global trade,despite an uncertain and volatile market.“Our members have been very active over the past 12 months and this has resulted in new technologies for the production of technical fibres and fabrics,the introduction of AI and machine learning into process control systems and significant advances in materials testing,”says BTMA CEO Jason Kent.“There’s real excitement about what can be achieved in 2026 as we look ahead to upcoming exhibitions such as JEC Composites in Paris in March and Techtextil in Frankfurt in April.”
基金supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security,Ministry of Education of China(KLCS20240211)。
文摘With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52474165 and 52522404)。
文摘Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly difficult mines and meet the requirements of environmental protection and safety regulations.It promotes the development of a circular economy in mines through the development of lowgrade resources and the resource utilization of waste,and extends the service life of mines.The mass concentration of solid content(abbreviated as“concentration”)is a critical parameter for CPB.However,discrepancies often arise between the on-site measurements and the pre-designed values due to factors such as groundwater inflow and segregation within the goaf,which cannot be evaluated after the solidification of CPB.This paper innovatively provides an in-situ non-destructive approach to identify the real concentration of CPB after curing for certain days using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology.Initially,the spectral variation patterns under different concentration conditions were investigated through hyperspectral scanning experiments on CPB samples.The results demonstrate that as the CPB concentration increases from 61wt%to 73wt%,the overall spectral reflectance gradually increases,with two distinct absorption peaks observed at 1407 and 1917 nm.Notably,the reflectance at 1407 nm exhibited a strong linear relationship with the concentration.Subsequently,the K-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were employed to classify and identify different concentrations.The study revealed that,with the KNN algorithm,the highest accuracy was achieved when K(number of nearest neighbors)was 1,although this resulted in overfitting.When K=3,the model displayed the optimal balance between accuracy and stability,with an accuracy of 95.03%.In the SVM algorithm,the highest accuracy of 98.24%was attained with parameters C(regularization parameter)=200 and Gamma(kernel coefficient)=10.A comparative analysis of precision,accuracy,and recall further highlighted that the SVM provided superior stability and precision for identifying CPB concentration.Thus,HSI technology offers an effective solution for the in-situ,non-destructive monitoring of CPB concentration,presenting a promising approach for optimizing and controlling CPB characteristic parameters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12341501 and 12575164)。
文摘X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system generally has a large scale,which is not suitable for on-site testing.Compared with the S-band(S-linac)at the same stage of beam energy,the accelerator working in the X-band(X-linac)can compress the facility scale by over 2/3 in the longitudinal direction,which is convenient for the on-site NDT of electrical equipment.To address the beam quality and design complexity simultaneously,the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ),which is a multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA),was developed to optimize the cavity chain design of the X-linac.Additionally,the designs of the focusing coils,electron gun,and RF couplers,which are other key components of the X-linac,were introduced in this context.In particular,the focusing coil distributions were optimized using a genetic algorithm.Furthermore,after designing such key components,PARMELA software was adopted to perform beam dynamics calculations with the optimized accelerating fields and magnetic fields.The results show that the beam performance was obtained with a capture ratio of more than 90%,an energy spread of less than 10%,and an average energy of approximately 3 MeV.The design and simulation results indicate that the proposed NSGAⅡ-based approach is feasible for X-linac accelerator design.Furthermore,it can be generalized as a universal technique for industrial electron linear accelerators provided that specific optimization objectives and constraints are set according to different application scenarios and requirements.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0201800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22274169 and 22474161)+5 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030160)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City(No.2023B03J1380)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(No.GJHZ20210705142200001)the Scientific Technology Project of Guangzhou City(No.202103000003)the Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2020B1212060077)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University.
文摘Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)membrane protein profile(sEVpp)is a novel biomarker for cancer,and it can reveal the in-depth phenotype information.The point-of-care testing(POCT)of sEVpp holds great significance for mass screening of cancer,so the cost-effective and simple detection methods of sEVpp are urgently demanded.Herein,we constructed a paper-based multichannel sEVpp POCT device(sEVpp-PAD)enabled by functional DNA probes and metal-organic framework(MOF).The core components are aptamer/MOF-modified paper chips.The modified aptamers can immunocapture the sEV expressing corresponding proteins,while the modified MOF can provide abundant sites for aptamer-modification,reduce the nonspecific protein absorption,and act as reference for ratiometric detection.Simply powered by two syringes,the sEVpp-PAD can efficiently capture sEVs expressing corresponding protein from cell culture media and sera.Furthermore,a detection probe(DP)consisted of CD63 aptamer and G-quadruplex was developed for the colorimetric detection of captured sEVs.Utilizing this device,the sEVpp in various hepatocellular carcinoma cell culture medium and,more importantly,in human sera can be accurately determined,only with$2 device,$0.2 detection reagents and 1.8 h procedure.This simple strategy for sEVpp detection can innovatively promote the POCT and subtyping of cancer based on sEV-related liquid biopsy.
基金funded on the one hand by Agence de l'Innovation de Défense(AID)grant reference number 2021650044on the other hand by Ecole Centrale de Nantes。
文摘Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.
基金financedby the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52090083)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.23QB1404800).
文摘Water-sand gushing(WSG)disasters in confinedaquifers pose significantchallenges to the utilization of deep underground spaces in soft soil areas.Since few studies have considered the impact of confined aquifer thickness and confinedwater pressure on WSG disasters,a novel visual model test system was developed to investigate the influencingcharacteristics and mechanisms of the two aforementioned factors.The test results showed that the WSG process in clay aquiclude-confinedaquifer composite strata exhibits two prominent stages.First,the sand loss zone expands vertically in an ellipsoid shape.Then,it expands horizontally once the ellipsoid reaches the boundary of the clay layer.The sand loss continues until the overlying clay sinks to the bottom to clog the gushing crack,creating a large sinkhole at the surface.Increasing the confinedaquifer thickness can increase the vertical expansion of the ellipsoid and delay the clay-clogging effects,thereby considerably increasing the severity of sand loss,stratum deformation,and surface settlement.An increase in the confinedwater pressure markedly increases the hydraulic gradient along the seepage path,which contributes to increasing the gushing rates of water and sand.As a result,substantial sand loss occurs before the clay clogs the gushing crack,inducing more cracks and deeper sinkholes at the surface.All the aforementioned results provide insights into the effects of confinedaquifer on WSG disasters in clay aquiclude-confinedaquifer composite strata.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.JP22K04305 and JP19K15083).
文摘To investigate the influencesof non-plastic silt and soil aging on the re-liquefaction resistance of sands,a series of undrained triaxial tests was performed on sand-silt mixtures with finescontent ranging from 0%to 100%,as well as on undisturbed and reconstituted non-plastic sandy soils retrieved from earth structures with a history of earthquake-induced damage.The specimens on sand-silt mixtures were produced under an initial degree of compaction of 95%.In these tests,liquefaction histories were applied three times to a single specimen under the same cyclic stress ratio after the respective consolidation stages with the measurements of the shear wave velocities.The following conclusions can be obtained from the test results:(1)The liquefaction resistance obtained in the firstto third cyclicloading stages decreased initially with increasing finescontent up to about 45%,while it increased afterward.Therefore,the susceptibility of sands containing a relatively large amount of non-plastic silt to reliquefaction may be more significantthan that of clean sands;(2)The liquefaction resistance and the shear wave velocity decreased significantlyduring the second cyclic-loading stage and after the second consolidation,respectively,despite an increase in the specimen density caused by the first liquefaction history,while they increased in the third stage.The possible reason for this change would be the disturbance of soil structures due to liquefaction,which may be partially evaluated by the volumetric strain during the respective consolidation stages,and the stress-induced anisotropy formed in the previous liquefaction stage;and(3)The liquefaction resistance and the shear wave velocity of the undisturbed specimens,which were measured in the firstto third stages,were larger than those of the reconstituted ones due to the aging effects,respectively.That is,the aging effects may not necessarily be eliminated by the subsequent liquefaction history and may remain partially in some cases.
文摘The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.
文摘Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) overexpression is increasingly recognized as a frequent molecular abnormality in gastric and gastroesophageal cancer. With the recent introduction of HER2 molecular targeted therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer, determination of HER2 status is crucial in order to select patients who may benefit from this treatment. This paper provides an update on our knowledge of HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal cancer, including the prognostic relevance of HER2, the key differences between HER2 protein expression interpretation in breast and gastric cancer, the detection methods and the immunohistochemistry scoring system.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.51638012 and 51578401
文摘The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls （SPCW）, which utilize a combination ofunbonded prestressed post-tensioned （PT） tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.
文摘AIM:To investigate the predictive clinical value of in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for directing chemosensitivity in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS:Results of a total of 353 consecutive patients with gastric cancer treated with MTT-directed chemotherapy or physician’s empirical chemotherapy from July 1997 to April 2003 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:The overall 5-year survival rate of MTT- sensitive group (MSG) and control group (CG) was 47.5% and 45.1%, respectively. The results of subgroup analysis with Cox proportional-hazards model were favorable for the MSG-sensitive group. However, no statistically significant difference in survival rate was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION:Individualized chemotherapy based on in vitro MTT assay is beneficial, but needs to be confirmed by further randomized controlled trials.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, No. 10DJ1400501
文摘The KRAS oncogene is mutated in approximately 35%-45% of colorectal cancers, and KRAS mutational status testing has been highlighted in recent years. The most frequent mutations in this gene, point substitutions in codons 12 and 13, were validated as negative predictors of response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies. Therefore, determining the KRAS mutational status of tumor samples has become an essential tool for managing patients with colorectal cancers. Currently, a variety of detection methods have been established to analyze the mutation status in the key regions of the KRAS gene; however, several challenges remain related to standardized and uniform testing, including the selection of tumor samples, tumor sample processing and optimal testing methods. Moreover, new testing strategies, in combination with the mutation analysis of BRAF , PIK3CA and loss of PTEN proposed by many researchers and pathologists, should be promoted. In addition, we recommend that microsatellite instability, a prognostic factor, be added to the abovementioned concomitant analysis. This review provides an overview of KRAS biology and the recent advances in KRAS mutation testing. This review also addresses other aspects of status testing for determining the appropriate treatment and offers insight into the potential drawbacks of mutational testing.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11072056)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(Grant No.A200907)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20092322120001)
文摘To avoid the serious accidents caused by the failure fastening bolts on reciprocating compressor cylinder cover,a new nondestructive testing(NDT) technology,metal magnetic memory(MMM) testing,was applied to safety evaluating and failure analyzing for the fastening bolts.Based on the dynamic stress calculation of the failure bolts,MMM testing was carried out at workshop.Given are the MMM stress distribution characteristics of the failure bolts and fracture faces.It has been found that the MMM signal variation amplitude of the crack transition zone in the fracture surface is minimal,that of the crack initiation zone is in the middle,and that of the tear fracture zone is maximal.The failure reasons were analyzed with MMM effect.The results of the metallographic examination showed that the validity and feasibility of MMM testing and failure analysis.This means MMM technology is a new,fast and validity method of failure analysis.
