Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. The global minimum set of test points can only be guaranteed by an exhaustive search which is eompurationally expensive. In ...Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. The global minimum set of test points can only be guaranteed by an exhaustive search which is eompurationally expensive. In this paper, this problem is formulated as a heuristic depth-first graph search problem at first. The graph node expanding method and rules are given. Then, rollout strategies are applied, which can be combined with the heuristic graph search algorithms, in a computationally more efficient manner than the optimal strategies, to obtain solutions superior to those using the greedy heuristic algorithms. The proposed rollout-based test points selection algorithm is illustrated and tested using an analog circuit and a set of simulated integer-coded fault wise tables. Computa- tional results are shown, which suggest that the rollout strategy policies are significantly better than other strategies.展开更多
Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. On one hand, traditional exhaustive search method is computationally expensive. On the other hand, the space complexity of t...Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. On one hand, traditional exhaustive search method is computationally expensive. On the other hand, the space complexity of traditional exhaustive is low. A tradeoff method between the high time complexity and low space complexity is proposed. At first, a new fault-pair table is constructed based on the integer-coded fault wise table. The fault-pair table consists of two columns： one column represents fault pair and the other represents test points set that can distinguish the corresponding faults. Then, the rows are arranged in ascending order according to the cardinality of corresponding test points set. Thirdly, test points in the top rows are selected one by one until all fault pair are isolated. During the test points selection process, the rows that contain selected test points are deleted and then the dimension of fault-pair table decreases gradually. The proposed test points selection algorithm is illustrated and tested using an integercoded fault wise table derived from a real analog circuit. Computational results suggest show policies are better than the exhaustive strategy.展开更多
A new approach to select anoptimal set of test points is proposed. The described method uses fault-wise table and multi-objective genetic algorithm to find the optimal set of test points. First, the fault-wise table i...A new approach to select anoptimal set of test points is proposed. The described method uses fault-wise table and multi-objective genetic algorithm to find the optimal set of test points. First, the fault-wise table is constructed whose entries are measurements associated with faults and test points. The selection of optimal test points is transformed to the selection of the columns that isolate the rows of the table. Then, four objectives are described according to practical test requirements. The multi-objective genetic algorithm is explained. Finally, the presented approach is illustrated by a practical example. The results indicate that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately find the optimal set of test points and is practical for large scale systems.展开更多
The single-point bending method,based on atomic force microscopy(AFM),has been extensively validated for characterizing the structural mechanical properties of micro-and nanobeams.Nevertheless,the influence of AFM pro...The single-point bending method,based on atomic force microscopy(AFM),has been extensively validated for characterizing the structural mechanical properties of micro-and nanobeams.Nevertheless,the influence of AFM probe loading and positioning has yet to be subjected to comprehensive investigation.This paper proposes a novel bending-test method based on sequential loading points,in which a series of evenly distributed loads are applied along the length of the central axis on the upper surface of the cantilever.The preliminary measured values of Young’s modulus for an unknown alloy material were 193,178,and 176 GPa,exhibiting a considerable degree of dispersion.An algorithm for self-correction of the positioning error was developed,and this resulted in a positioning error of 53 nm and a final converged Young’s modulus of 161 GPa.展开更多
Bamboo became the best material choice for sustainable construction because it is fully renewable materials. Indonesian people traditionally choose bamboo for their housing since a long time ago. Bamboo stems usually ...Bamboo became the best material choice for sustainable construction because it is fully renewable materials. Indonesian people traditionally choose bamboo for their housing since a long time ago. Bamboo stems usually have unique shape. Its geometrical shape assumed as tapered hollow pipe. This study aims to find the effect of bamboo taper to its strength properties on center point bending test. The ratio between the Modulus of Rupture （S~） calculated in the center point, and the maximum bending stress along the beam is called strength ratio of taper （Ct）. The theoretical calculation results Ct value is 1 if the taper lower than 0.023, while Ct value become lower if the taper is higher than 0.023. The survey on Ampel （Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.）, Tali （Gigantochloa apus （BI. Ex Schult. f） Kurz）, Gombong （Gigantochloa verticillata （Willd.） Munro）, and Mayan （Gigantochloa robusta Kurz.） found that the overall taper range is -0.0047-0.0088 and 0-0.0127 for inner and outer taper respectively. On that overall range the Ct value is always 1, so it is reasonable to ignore the taper effect on one point bending test.展开更多
The quantitative analysis of damage position of concrete beam is established.The method of damage position free of models used in this paper is based on the variations of strain mode and test of even change point.The ...The quantitative analysis of damage position of concrete beam is established.The method of damage position free of models used in this paper is based on the variations of strain mode and test of even change point.The discrete model and the position criterion are presented.Numerical example is conducted,the result demonstrates that the method of damage position is correct and effective.展开更多
The Jing-well point temperatures test method is a method to diagnose and guide the treatment of diseases by measuring the subjects' symmetrical well point temperature. it is improved from the method of knowing hea...The Jing-well point temperatures test method is a method to diagnose and guide the treatment of diseases by measuring the subjects' symmetrical well point temperature. it is improved from the method of knowing heat sensitivity. The application of Jing-well point temperatures test method is wide, and it can be used in internal and external gynecology and pediatrics and facial features department. at the same time, it has the advantage of objective and accurate diagnosis. The old law has some shortcomings, such as poor intuition, unavoidable omission of information, incomplete interpretation of information and so on. In this paper, Excel software is used to transform the data into line chart form, which improves the intuition and comprehensiveness of this method, so that the data can be better interpreted and used. It is newly proposed in this article that in addition to observing the longitudinal di fference of well point temperature, more attention should be paid to the horizontal contrast difference of well point temperature in different meridians. The article also summarizes a number of treatment methods, including acupuncture, moxa moxibustion, cupping and scraping, and the selection of acupoints, including mother acupoints, tenderness points and heat-sensitive moxibustion, so that doctors can combine traditional Chinese medicine professional knowledge in clinic.展开更多
Objective: To examine the correlation between plasma hCG results obtained with the new i-STAT® hCG point of care test with those concomitantly obtained from the central hospital laboratory utilizing the same pa...Objective: To examine the correlation between plasma hCG results obtained with the new i-STAT® hCG point of care test with those concomitantly obtained from the central hospital laboratory utilizing the same patient samples. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional laboratory test evaluation. We compared plasma hCG results obtained with the i-STAT® hCG test (Abbott Point of Care, Princeton, NJ, USA) with Architect Ci8200 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). We also calculated the total coefficient of variation (CV) for the i-STAT® method. Results: The two methods showed a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.994;slope 1.03) and CV for the i-STAT® method was 2.1% - 5.2%. Conclusion: We suggest that the i-STAT® hCG blood assay could be used as a complement to urine hCG assays in clinical situations when rapid test results are needed and urine is not available.展开更多
We study that the different-mode(waveguide-connected)power splitter[(W)PS]can provide different-mode testing points for the optical testing.With the PS or WPS providing two different-mode testing points,the measured i...We study that the different-mode(waveguide-connected)power splitter[(W)PS]can provide different-mode testing points for the optical testing.With the PS or WPS providing two different-mode testing points,the measured insertion losses(ILs)of the three-channel and dual-mode waveguide crossing(WC)for both the fundamental transverse electric(TE0)and TE1 modes are less than 1.8 dB or 1.9 dB from 1540 nm to 1560 nm.At the same time,the crosstalks(CTs)are lower than-17.4 dB or-18.2 dB.The consistent test results indicate the accuracy of the(W)PS-based testing circuit.Additionally,combining the tunable tap couplers,the(W)PS can provide multiple testing points with different modes and different transmittances.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)show potential for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and monitoring of its progression.However,EV-based AD diagnosis faces challenges due to the small size and low abundance of biom...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)show potential for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and monitoring of its progression.However,EV-based AD diagnosis faces challenges due to the small size and low abundance of biomarkers.Here,we report a fully integrated organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)sensor for ultrafast,accurate,and convenient point-of-care testing(POCT)of serum EVs from AD patients.By utilizing acoustoelectric enrichment,the EVs can be quickly propelled,significantly enriched,and specifically bound to the OECT detection area,achieving a gain of over 280 times response in 30 s.The integrated POCT sensor can detect serum EVs from AD patients with a limit of detection as low as 500 EV particles/mL and a reduced detection time of just two minutes.Furthermore,the integrated POCT sensors were used to monitor AD progression in an AD mouse model by testing the mouse AβEVs at different time courses(up to 18 months)and compared with the Aβaccumulation using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).This innovative technology has the potential for accurate and rapid diagnosis of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases,and monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)significantly affects people’s health and quality of life and presents a high economic burden worldwide.There are well-established biomarkers for CKD diagnosis.However,the existing routine ...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)significantly affects people’s health and quality of life and presents a high economic burden worldwide.There are well-established biomarkers for CKD diagnosis.However,the existing routine standard tests are lab-based and governed by strict regulations.Creatinine is commonly measured as a filtration biomarker in blood to determine estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate(eGFR),as well as a normalization factor to calculate urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio(uACR)for CKD evaluation.In this study,we developed a passive flow microreactor for colorimetric urine creatinine measurement(uCR-Chip),which is highly amenable to integration with our previously developed microfluidic urine albumin assay.The combination of the 2-phase pressure compensation(2-PPC)technique and microfluidic channel network design accurately controls the fluidic mixing ratio and chemical reaction.Together with an optimized observation window(OW)design,a uniform and stable detection signal was achieved within 7 min.The color signal was measured by a simple USB microscope-based platform to quantify creatinine concentration in the sample.The combination of the custom in-house photomask production techniques and dry-film photoresist-based lithography enabled rapid iterative design optimization and precise chip fabrication.The developed assay achieved a dynamic linear detection range up to 40 mM and a lower limit of detection(LOD)of 0.521 mM,meeting the clinical precision requirements(comparable to existing point-of-care(PoC)systems).The microreactor was validated using creatinine standards spiked into commercial artificial urine that mimics physiological matrix.Our results showed acceptable recovery rate and low matrix effect,especially for the low creatinine concentration range in comparison to a commercial PoC uACR test.Altogether,the developed uCR-Chip offers a viable PoC test for CKD assessment and provides a potential platform technology to measure various disease biomarkers.展开更多
This device is aimed at ensuring that the sample is uniformly and equivalently reacted with the antibody on the NC membrane in each test when the microfluidic liquid system is introduced to the chip.In this study,the ...This device is aimed at ensuring that the sample is uniformly and equivalently reacted with the antibody on the NC membrane in each test when the microfluidic liquid system is introduced to the chip.In this study,the developed microfluidic chip can avoid the presence of the sample and conjugate pads in the chip,while the precision of the chro matography system can be greatly improved using the same particles,NC membrane and antibody alongside the traditional strip.The results,taking the detection of cTnI as an example,revealed that the coefficient of variation(CV)is controlled within 4%,while the maximum record of the contrast chromatographic reagent strip can reach 15%.Additionally,the detection sensitivity can maintain the same order of magnitudes with that of the traditional chromatographic strip.With the results,the determination correlation of the developed microfluidic chip has been greatly improved.In addition,the CV of the chip in this study is greatly improved in comparison with that of the traditional strip.The biggest improvement lies in the mixing between the sample and the microspheres,indicating that this is a new approach to improve the CV of the traditional strip.展开更多
This paper presents a precise solution to predict the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) under the four point bending test(FPBT).All the force components at the beam section(before and after cracking) a...This paper presents a precise solution to predict the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) under the four point bending test(FPBT).All the force components at the beam section(before and after cracking) are formulated by applying these assumptions:a realistic stress-strain model is used for concrete behavior in compression,a linear response is considered for the uncracked tension region in a concrete constitutive model,and an exponential relationship is proposed as a stress-crack opening in the crack region which requires two parameters.Then the moment capacity of the critical cracked section is calculated by using these forces and satisfying equilibrium law at the section.Parametric studies are done on the behavior of SFRC to assess the sensitivity of the solution.Finally,this solution is validated with some existing experimental data.The result shows the proposed solution is able to estimate the behavior of SFRC under FPBT.展开更多
304 stainless steel coating was deposited on the Interstitial-Free steel substrate by cold gas dynamic spraying （CGDS）. Three-point bending test of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating was tested by SHIMADZU...304 stainless steel coating was deposited on the Interstitial-Free steel substrate by cold gas dynamic spraying （CGDS）. Three-point bending test of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating was tested by SHIMADZU electro-hydraulic servo-controlled fatigue testing machine and the fracture morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the fracture behavior of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating was brittleness fracture. The crack in the coating occurred in the interfaces between particles and the crack extended to the internal of the coating with the increase of the load. When the crack has extended to the combination interface between coating and substrate, the crack extended to the two sides. The microstructure and mechanical property of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating have been optimized after heat treatment.展开更多
The quality of designed structures embedded in rocks is strongly related to rock strength parameters of intact rock.Measuring different parameters from tests could be very expensive in designing phase of projects.Esti...The quality of designed structures embedded in rocks is strongly related to rock strength parameters of intact rock.Measuring different parameters from tests could be very expensive in designing phase of projects.Estimating some parameters from other ones can reduce costs and time of project procedure.In this paper,the relationships between static and dynamic parameters of marls are studied by using the single and multiple linear regressions.For this purpose,several marl core samples from Seydoon region,Khoozestan Province in Iran are collected and tested.Some equations with sufficient correlation have been obtained to predict the engineering parameters of marls,especially the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS).展开更多
Precision and repeatability are challenging issues in point of care testing(POCT) analysis. Herein, we proposed a lateral flow assay(LFA) based on internal quality control microspheres to realize the accurate diagnosi...Precision and repeatability are challenging issues in point of care testing(POCT) analysis. Herein, we proposed a lateral flow assay(LFA) based on internal quality control microspheres to realize the accurate diagnosis of HbAlc in human body. Fluorescein cy5 decorated microspheres are used as labels for HbAlc detection, and BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) decorated microspheres are used as internal quality control labels. One test line was employed in the strip for the detection of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc). This method can eliminate the interference of environmental factors(temperature, humidity,etc.) to LFA in the process of chromatography, and improve the precision and accuracy of HbAlc detection.The CV for detection of low concentration HbAlc was 1.05%, and the CV for detection of high concentration HbAlc was 0.69%. We envision the method to have great prospect in in vitro diagnosis(IVD).展开更多
As one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance,β‐lactamase develops rapidly among bacteria.Detection of β‐lactamase in an efficient and low‐cost point‐of‐care testing(POCT)way is urgently needed.However...As one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance,β‐lactamase develops rapidly among bacteria.Detection of β‐lactamase in an efficient and low‐cost point‐of‐care testing(POCT)way is urgently needed.However,due to the volatile environmental factors,the quantitative measurement of current POCT is often inaccurate.Herein,we demonstrate an artificial intelligence(AI)‐assisted mobile health system that consists of a paper‐basedβ‐lactamase fluorogenic probe analytical device and a smartphone‐based AI cloud.An ultrafast broad‐spectrum fluorogenic probe(B1)that could respond toβ‐lactamase within 20 s was first synthesized,and the detection limit was determined to be 0.13 nmol/L.Meanwhile,a three‐dimensional microfluidic paper‐based analytical device was fabricated for integration of B1.Also,a smartphone‐based AI cloud was developed to correct errors automatically and output results intelligently.This smart system could calibrate the temperature and pH in theβ‐lactamase level detection in complex samples and mice infected with various bacteria,which shows the problem‐solving ability in interdisciplinary research,and demonstrates potential clinical benefits.展开更多
The combination of low‐consumption microfluidic chips and high‐sensitivity biosensors enables rapid and accurate detection of complex target analytes.This integrated system holds significant potential for applicatio...The combination of low‐consumption microfluidic chips and high‐sensitivity biosensors enables rapid and accurate detection of complex target analytes.This integrated system holds significant potential for applications in disease diagnosis,health monitoring,and treatment management.Advances in novel biomaterials have led to device integration into wearable and implantable systems for point‐of‐care testing.Here,we review recent advances in microfluidic biosensors for clinical applications in detecting nucleic acids,proteins,metabolites,pathogens,and cellular components.We outline the prospects of integrated devices based on microfluidic biosensors for the analysis of biofluids such as sweat and discuss the remaining challenges facing the clinical application of microfluidic biosensors.展开更多
A global design for testability algorithm is offered in this paper. First, a test point candidate set is obtained to simplify the test point placemellt problem; the principle of selective tracing is offered to get a s...A global design for testability algorithm is offered in this paper. First, a test point candidate set is obtained to simplify the test point placemellt problem; the principle of selective tracing is offered to get a sequential test point placement solution, which is used as the initial solution of the global algorithm. Using this initial value, a branch & bound algorithm is then offered to obtain a global design for testability solution. Finally,a new test length analyser is offered to evaluate the global design for testability.展开更多
A paper analytical device(PAD)was developed for the colourimetric estimation of alkaline phosphatase(ALP).ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of disodium phenyl phosphate(DSPP)to phenol,which then undergoes oxidative couplin...A paper analytical device(PAD)was developed for the colourimetric estimation of alkaline phosphatase(ALP).ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of disodium phenyl phosphate(DSPP)to phenol,which then undergoes oxidative coupling with 4-aminoantipyrine(4-AAP)producing a reddish brown-coloured quinone imine.The colourimetric reaction tested in solution has been translated onto a PAD for the point of care(PoC)testing of ALP.A uniform colour was obtained in 25 min with the introduction of ALP onto the reagent drop cast paper device.The images obtained by scanning the PAD were processed using ImageJ software.The colour intensity obtained by image processing was proportional to the concentration of ALP present in the sample.ALP in serum and saliva samples were tested using the PAD in the range of 0 to 528 U/L and 0 to 187 U/L,respectively.The interference studies revealed that the PAD was selective to ALP in the presence of other biomolecules.The PAD exhibited a limit of detection(LOD)of 3.3 U/L and a sensitivity of 48.36 a.u/Log(U/L)for serum ALP and LOD of 1.69 U/L and a sensitivity of 28.5 a.u/Log(U/L)for salivary ALP.The PAD showed good agreement with the clinical methods for real samples.展开更多
基金supported by Commission of Science Technology and Industry for National Defence of China under Grant No.A1420061264National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60934002General Armament Department under Grand No.51317040102)
文摘Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. The global minimum set of test points can only be guaranteed by an exhaustive search which is eompurationally expensive. In this paper, this problem is formulated as a heuristic depth-first graph search problem at first. The graph node expanding method and rules are given. Then, rollout strategies are applied, which can be combined with the heuristic graph search algorithms, in a computationally more efficient manner than the optimal strategies, to obtain solutions superior to those using the greedy heuristic algorithms. The proposed rollout-based test points selection algorithm is illustrated and tested using an analog circuit and a set of simulated integer-coded fault wise tables. Computa- tional results are shown, which suggest that the rollout strategy policies are significantly better than other strategies.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60934002General Armament Department under Grant No.51317040102
文摘Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. On one hand, traditional exhaustive search method is computationally expensive. On the other hand, the space complexity of traditional exhaustive is low. A tradeoff method between the high time complexity and low space complexity is proposed. At first, a new fault-pair table is constructed based on the integer-coded fault wise table. The fault-pair table consists of two columns： one column represents fault pair and the other represents test points set that can distinguish the corresponding faults. Then, the rows are arranged in ascending order according to the cardinality of corresponding test points set. Thirdly, test points in the top rows are selected one by one until all fault pair are isolated. During the test points selection process, the rows that contain selected test points are deleted and then the dimension of fault-pair table decreases gradually. The proposed test points selection algorithm is illustrated and tested using an integercoded fault wise table derived from a real analog circuit. Computational results suggest show policies are better than the exhaustive strategy.
基金supported by the Advanced Research Project of a National Department of China under Grant No.51317040102
文摘A new approach to select anoptimal set of test points is proposed. The described method uses fault-wise table and multi-objective genetic algorithm to find the optimal set of test points. First, the fault-wise table is constructed whose entries are measurements associated with faults and test points. The selection of optimal test points is transformed to the selection of the columns that isolate the rows of the table. Then, four objectives are described according to practical test requirements. The multi-objective genetic algorithm is explained. Finally, the presented approach is illustrated by a practical example. The results indicate that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately find the optimal set of test points and is practical for large scale systems.
文摘The single-point bending method,based on atomic force microscopy(AFM),has been extensively validated for characterizing the structural mechanical properties of micro-and nanobeams.Nevertheless,the influence of AFM probe loading and positioning has yet to be subjected to comprehensive investigation.This paper proposes a novel bending-test method based on sequential loading points,in which a series of evenly distributed loads are applied along the length of the central axis on the upper surface of the cantilever.The preliminary measured values of Young’s modulus for an unknown alloy material were 193,178,and 176 GPa,exhibiting a considerable degree of dispersion.An algorithm for self-correction of the positioning error was developed,and this resulted in a positioning error of 53 nm and a final converged Young’s modulus of 161 GPa.
文摘Bamboo became the best material choice for sustainable construction because it is fully renewable materials. Indonesian people traditionally choose bamboo for their housing since a long time ago. Bamboo stems usually have unique shape. Its geometrical shape assumed as tapered hollow pipe. This study aims to find the effect of bamboo taper to its strength properties on center point bending test. The ratio between the Modulus of Rupture （S~） calculated in the center point, and the maximum bending stress along the beam is called strength ratio of taper （Ct）. The theoretical calculation results Ct value is 1 if the taper lower than 0.023, while Ct value become lower if the taper is higher than 0.023. The survey on Ampel （Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.）, Tali （Gigantochloa apus （BI. Ex Schult. f） Kurz）, Gombong （Gigantochloa verticillata （Willd.） Munro）, and Mayan （Gigantochloa robusta Kurz.） found that the overall taper range is -0.0047-0.0088 and 0-0.0127 for inner and outer taper respectively. On that overall range the Ct value is always 1, so it is reasonable to ignore the taper effect on one point bending test.
文摘The quantitative analysis of damage position of concrete beam is established.The method of damage position free of models used in this paper is based on the variations of strain mode and test of even change point.The discrete model and the position criterion are presented.Numerical example is conducted,the result demonstrates that the method of damage position is correct and effective.
文摘The Jing-well point temperatures test method is a method to diagnose and guide the treatment of diseases by measuring the subjects' symmetrical well point temperature. it is improved from the method of knowing heat sensitivity. The application of Jing-well point temperatures test method is wide, and it can be used in internal and external gynecology and pediatrics and facial features department. at the same time, it has the advantage of objective and accurate diagnosis. The old law has some shortcomings, such as poor intuition, unavoidable omission of information, incomplete interpretation of information and so on. In this paper, Excel software is used to transform the data into line chart form, which improves the intuition and comprehensiveness of this method, so that the data can be better interpreted and used. It is newly proposed in this article that in addition to observing the longitudinal di fference of well point temperature, more attention should be paid to the horizontal contrast difference of well point temperature in different meridians. The article also summarizes a number of treatment methods, including acupuncture, moxa moxibustion, cupping and scraping, and the selection of acupoints, including mother acupoints, tenderness points and heat-sensitive moxibustion, so that doctors can combine traditional Chinese medicine professional knowledge in clinic.
文摘Objective: To examine the correlation between plasma hCG results obtained with the new i-STAT® hCG point of care test with those concomitantly obtained from the central hospital laboratory utilizing the same patient samples. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional laboratory test evaluation. We compared plasma hCG results obtained with the i-STAT® hCG test (Abbott Point of Care, Princeton, NJ, USA) with Architect Ci8200 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). We also calculated the total coefficient of variation (CV) for the i-STAT® method. Results: The two methods showed a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.994;slope 1.03) and CV for the i-STAT® method was 2.1% - 5.2%. Conclusion: We suggest that the i-STAT® hCG blood assay could be used as a complement to urine hCG assays in clinical situations when rapid test results are needed and urine is not available.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0706005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12272407,62275269,62275271,and 62305387)+4 种基金Foundation of National University of Defense Technology of China(Grant No.ZK23-03)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.2022JJ40552 and 2023JJ40683)State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing,National University of Defense Technology of China(Grant No.202201-12)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China(Grant No.CX20230009)State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing,National University of Defense Technology of China(Grant No.202201-12).
文摘We study that the different-mode(waveguide-connected)power splitter[(W)PS]can provide different-mode testing points for the optical testing.With the PS or WPS providing two different-mode testing points,the measured insertion losses(ILs)of the three-channel and dual-mode waveguide crossing(WC)for both the fundamental transverse electric(TE0)and TE1 modes are less than 1.8 dB or 1.9 dB from 1540 nm to 1560 nm.At the same time,the crosstalks(CTs)are lower than-17.4 dB or-18.2 dB.The consistent test results indicate the accuracy of the(W)PS-based testing circuit.Additionally,combining the tunable tap couplers,the(W)PS can provide multiple testing points with different modes and different transmittances.
基金F.G.acknowledges the National Institute of Health Awards(R01DK133864,DP2AI160242,and U01DA056242).
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)show potential for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and monitoring of its progression.However,EV-based AD diagnosis faces challenges due to the small size and low abundance of biomarkers.Here,we report a fully integrated organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)sensor for ultrafast,accurate,and convenient point-of-care testing(POCT)of serum EVs from AD patients.By utilizing acoustoelectric enrichment,the EVs can be quickly propelled,significantly enriched,and specifically bound to the OECT detection area,achieving a gain of over 280 times response in 30 s.The integrated POCT sensor can detect serum EVs from AD patients with a limit of detection as low as 500 EV particles/mL and a reduced detection time of just two minutes.Furthermore,the integrated POCT sensors were used to monitor AD progression in an AD mouse model by testing the mouse AβEVs at different time courses(up to 18 months)and compared with the Aβaccumulation using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).This innovative technology has the potential for accurate and rapid diagnosis of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases,and monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.
基金supported by a Sponsored Research Agreement between the University of Manitoba and My Health Logic,Inc.(a subsidiary of Marizyme,Inc.).
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)significantly affects people’s health and quality of life and presents a high economic burden worldwide.There are well-established biomarkers for CKD diagnosis.However,the existing routine standard tests are lab-based and governed by strict regulations.Creatinine is commonly measured as a filtration biomarker in blood to determine estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate(eGFR),as well as a normalization factor to calculate urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio(uACR)for CKD evaluation.In this study,we developed a passive flow microreactor for colorimetric urine creatinine measurement(uCR-Chip),which is highly amenable to integration with our previously developed microfluidic urine albumin assay.The combination of the 2-phase pressure compensation(2-PPC)technique and microfluidic channel network design accurately controls the fluidic mixing ratio and chemical reaction.Together with an optimized observation window(OW)design,a uniform and stable detection signal was achieved within 7 min.The color signal was measured by a simple USB microscope-based platform to quantify creatinine concentration in the sample.The combination of the custom in-house photomask production techniques and dry-film photoresist-based lithography enabled rapid iterative design optimization and precise chip fabrication.The developed assay achieved a dynamic linear detection range up to 40 mM and a lower limit of detection(LOD)of 0.521 mM,meeting the clinical precision requirements(comparable to existing point-of-care(PoC)systems).The microreactor was validated using creatinine standards spiked into commercial artificial urine that mimics physiological matrix.Our results showed acceptable recovery rate and low matrix effect,especially for the low creatinine concentration range in comparison to a commercial PoC uACR test.Altogether,the developed uCR-Chip offers a viable PoC test for CKD assessment and provides a potential platform technology to measure various disease biomarkers.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81902153,61871180,62071119 and 61971187)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.BE 2018695)。
文摘This device is aimed at ensuring that the sample is uniformly and equivalently reacted with the antibody on the NC membrane in each test when the microfluidic liquid system is introduced to the chip.In this study,the developed microfluidic chip can avoid the presence of the sample and conjugate pads in the chip,while the precision of the chro matography system can be greatly improved using the same particles,NC membrane and antibody alongside the traditional strip.The results,taking the detection of cTnI as an example,revealed that the coefficient of variation(CV)is controlled within 4%,while the maximum record of the contrast chromatographic reagent strip can reach 15%.Additionally,the detection sensitivity can maintain the same order of magnitudes with that of the traditional chromatographic strip.With the results,the determination correlation of the developed microfluidic chip has been greatly improved.In addition,the CV of the chip in this study is greatly improved in comparison with that of the traditional strip.The biggest improvement lies in the mixing between the sample and the microspheres,indicating that this is a new approach to improve the CV of the traditional strip.
文摘This paper presents a precise solution to predict the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) under the four point bending test(FPBT).All the force components at the beam section(before and after cracking) are formulated by applying these assumptions:a realistic stress-strain model is used for concrete behavior in compression,a linear response is considered for the uncracked tension region in a concrete constitutive model,and an exponential relationship is proposed as a stress-crack opening in the crack region which requires two parameters.Then the moment capacity of the critical cracked section is calculated by using these forces and satisfying equilibrium law at the section.Parametric studies are done on the behavior of SFRC to assess the sensitivity of the solution.Finally,this solution is validated with some existing experimental data.The result shows the proposed solution is able to estimate the behavior of SFRC under FPBT.
基金the support of the BaoShan Iron and Steel Company Limited
文摘304 stainless steel coating was deposited on the Interstitial-Free steel substrate by cold gas dynamic spraying （CGDS）. Three-point bending test of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating was tested by SHIMADZU electro-hydraulic servo-controlled fatigue testing machine and the fracture morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the fracture behavior of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating was brittleness fracture. The crack in the coating occurred in the interfaces between particles and the crack extended to the internal of the coating with the increase of the load. When the crack has extended to the combination interface between coating and substrate, the crack extended to the two sides. The microstructure and mechanical property of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating have been optimized after heat treatment.
文摘The quality of designed structures embedded in rocks is strongly related to rock strength parameters of intact rock.Measuring different parameters from tests could be very expensive in designing phase of projects.Estimating some parameters from other ones can reduce costs and time of project procedure.In this paper,the relationships between static and dynamic parameters of marls are studied by using the single and multiple linear regressions.For this purpose,several marl core samples from Seydoon region,Khoozestan Province in Iran are collected and tested.Some equations with sufficient correlation have been obtained to predict the engineering parameters of marls,especially the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS).
基金supported by the State key Basic Research Program of the PRC(No.2014CB744501)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0205301)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61527806,61471168 and 61871180)open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(No.SKLOD20180F02)
文摘Precision and repeatability are challenging issues in point of care testing(POCT) analysis. Herein, we proposed a lateral flow assay(LFA) based on internal quality control microspheres to realize the accurate diagnosis of HbAlc in human body. Fluorescein cy5 decorated microspheres are used as labels for HbAlc detection, and BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) decorated microspheres are used as internal quality control labels. One test line was employed in the strip for the detection of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc). This method can eliminate the interference of environmental factors(temperature, humidity,etc.) to LFA in the process of chromatography, and improve the precision and accuracy of HbAlc detection.The CV for detection of low concentration HbAlc was 1.05%, and the CV for detection of high concentration HbAlc was 0.69%. We envision the method to have great prospect in in vitro diagnosis(IVD).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0709900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62288102,22077101,and 52073230)+3 种基金the Joint Research Funds of Department of Science&Technology of Shaanxi Province and Northwestern Polytechnical University(Nos.2020GXLH‐Z‐008 and 2020GXLH‐Z‐013)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2022ZDLGY13‐04)Shanxi Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2023‐JC‐JQ‐32)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Innovation Foundation for Doctorate Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.CX2021121).
文摘As one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance,β‐lactamase develops rapidly among bacteria.Detection of β‐lactamase in an efficient and low‐cost point‐of‐care testing(POCT)way is urgently needed.However,due to the volatile environmental factors,the quantitative measurement of current POCT is often inaccurate.Herein,we demonstrate an artificial intelligence(AI)‐assisted mobile health system that consists of a paper‐basedβ‐lactamase fluorogenic probe analytical device and a smartphone‐based AI cloud.An ultrafast broad‐spectrum fluorogenic probe(B1)that could respond toβ‐lactamase within 20 s was first synthesized,and the detection limit was determined to be 0.13 nmol/L.Meanwhile,a three‐dimensional microfluidic paper‐based analytical device was fabricated for integration of B1.Also,a smartphone‐based AI cloud was developed to correct errors automatically and output results intelligently.This smart system could calibrate the temperature and pH in theβ‐lactamase level detection in complex samples and mice infected with various bacteria,which shows the problem‐solving ability in interdisciplinary research,and demonstrates potential clinical benefits.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172326).
文摘The combination of low‐consumption microfluidic chips and high‐sensitivity biosensors enables rapid and accurate detection of complex target analytes.This integrated system holds significant potential for applications in disease diagnosis,health monitoring,and treatment management.Advances in novel biomaterials have led to device integration into wearable and implantable systems for point‐of‐care testing.Here,we review recent advances in microfluidic biosensors for clinical applications in detecting nucleic acids,proteins,metabolites,pathogens,and cellular components.We outline the prospects of integrated devices based on microfluidic biosensors for the analysis of biofluids such as sweat and discuss the remaining challenges facing the clinical application of microfluidic biosensors.
文摘A global design for testability algorithm is offered in this paper. First, a test point candidate set is obtained to simplify the test point placemellt problem; the principle of selective tracing is offered to get a sequential test point placement solution, which is used as the initial solution of the global algorithm. Using this initial value, a branch & bound algorithm is then offered to obtain a global design for testability solution. Finally,a new test length analyser is offered to evaluate the global design for testability.
基金Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,India,102/IFD/SAN/1555/2018-2019,102/IFD/SAN/2238/2016-17
文摘A paper analytical device(PAD)was developed for the colourimetric estimation of alkaline phosphatase(ALP).ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of disodium phenyl phosphate(DSPP)to phenol,which then undergoes oxidative coupling with 4-aminoantipyrine(4-AAP)producing a reddish brown-coloured quinone imine.The colourimetric reaction tested in solution has been translated onto a PAD for the point of care(PoC)testing of ALP.A uniform colour was obtained in 25 min with the introduction of ALP onto the reagent drop cast paper device.The images obtained by scanning the PAD were processed using ImageJ software.The colour intensity obtained by image processing was proportional to the concentration of ALP present in the sample.ALP in serum and saliva samples were tested using the PAD in the range of 0 to 528 U/L and 0 to 187 U/L,respectively.The interference studies revealed that the PAD was selective to ALP in the presence of other biomolecules.The PAD exhibited a limit of detection(LOD)of 3.3 U/L and a sensitivity of 48.36 a.u/Log(U/L)for serum ALP and LOD of 1.69 U/L and a sensitivity of 28.5 a.u/Log(U/L)for salivary ALP.The PAD showed good agreement with the clinical methods for real samples.
